H E A LT H C A R E

SERVICES

Lect. Sıla YILMAZ, P T, PhD (c.)

HEADINGS
• What is health care?
• What are the factors affecting access to health care
services?
• Why do we need systematic health care models?
• What are the requirements of a well-functioning health
care system?
• Why multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary approaches are
important to be able to maintain a well-structured health
care models?
• What is the primary health care?
 Health care is the
protection or improvement of health through
the prevention, diagnosis, or treatment
of disease, disorder, injury, and
other physical and mental problems.
In the maintenance of health care…

Health services are provided by health professionals and

related health institutions.
Doctors and other health workers are part of this health
service.

Dentistry, pharmacy, dietitian, nursing, medicine, audiology,

psychology, occupational therapy, physiotherapy and other
health professions are part of healthcare.
 The provision of health care refers to
"the timely use of personal health care to achieve the best
possible health outcomes."

Access to health services may vary between

social and economic conditions,
as well as between countries, communities, and individuals
affected by health policies.
 Factors to consider in terms of access to healthcare:
Financial limitations (such as insurance coverage)
Geographical barriers (additional transportation costs, the possibility of
taking paid time off from work to use such services)
Personal limitations (communication with healthcare providers, poor
health literacy, low income)

Limitations on health care negatively affect the use of

medical services, the effectiveness of treatments, and overall health.
Why Do We Need Systematic Health Care Models?

• Health care systems are complex and involve multiple levels and services.
• A systematic model ensures that services are organized, coordinated, and
equitable.
Models help:
oStructure the delivery of care (e.g., primary, secondary, tertiary levels)
oOptimize resource use
oStandardize service quality
oImprove access and continuity of care
A well-functioning health system requires:

According to the World Health Organization (WHO);

1. Financing – Sustainable funding mechanisms to ensure access and equity.
2. Health workforce – A well-trained and adequately paid health workforce.
3. Information systems – Reliable data for decision-making and policy
development.
4. Infrastructure and technology – Well-maintained facilities and access to
quality medicines and technologies.
Healthcare systems are organizations established to meet the
health needs of the targeted population.
According to the WHO, a well-functioning health care system
requires:
- A good financing mechanism
- A well-trained and adequately paid workforce
- Reliable information on which to base decisions and policies
- Well-maintained healthcare facilities and technologies for the
provision of quality medicines
An effective healthcare system can contribute to a significant part of
a country's economy, development, and industrialization.

Health care has traditionally been recognized as an important factor

in improving the overall physical and mental health and well-being
of people around the world.

Health care is not only a personal necessity but also a key

component of social equity and economic development.
 The delivery of modern
healthcare depends on
groups of trained
professionals and
paraprofessionals who come
together as interdisciplinary
teams.
Professionals in the fields of
medicine, psychology,
physiotherapy, nursing,
dentistry, midwifery and
allied health
Community health workers
and ancillary staff
Public health practitioners
who systematically provide
personal and population-
based preventive,
therapeutic, and
rehabilitative care
Health care can be defined as public or
private.
Health care is divided into three steps:
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
 Primary
Healthcare
(Preventive
Health Services)

Health Care Steps

Secondary Tertiary
Healthcare Healthcare
(Therapeutic (Rehabilitative
Health Service) Health Service)
Primary health care is the first stage
of an ongoing health care process.
In addition, it is considered a
preliminary preparation for
secondary and tertiary health care.
 PRIMARY CARE
(PREVENTIVE HEALTH SERVICES)
• Primary health care refers to the work of health professionals who act as
the first consultation point for all patients in the health system.
• Depending on their health status, patients may be referred from primary
health care services to secondary or tertiary care services.
 PRIMARY CARE
(PREVENTIVE HEALTH SERVICES)
Health institutions providing primary healthcare:

Emergency Medical Service Units and 112 Turkish Armed Forces Health Units
Oral and Dental Health Centers University Medico-Social Units
Family Health Centers Child, Adolescent, Women's and Reproductive Health Units
Municipal Polyclinics Infection Control Units
Pharmacies Integrated Health Service Units
Home Health and Care Services Migrant Health Centers
Public Health Laboratories Occupational Health and Safety Units
District Health Directorate Cancer Early Diagnosis, Screening and Education Centers
Private Doctor Offices and Clinics Wellness Centers
Private Polyclinics Malaria Dispensaries
Official Institution Physicians Tuberculosis Dispensaries
Community Health Centers Authorized Family Medicine Units
 PRIMARY CARE (PREVENTIVE HEALTH SERVICES)

Primary health care services

constitute the widest scope of Patients often prefer to consult the
general health care. same general practitioner for
- Patients of all age and routine check-ups, preventive care,
socioeconomic groups and health education, and an initial
geographies consultation about a new health
problem
- Individuals who want to maintain
optimal health Therefore, continuity is an
essential feature of primary health
- Patients with all kinds of acute- care.
chronic physical, mental and social
health problems
 PRIMARY CARE (PREVENTIVE HEALTH SERVICES)

The world's population is aging.

Common chronic diseases that are
usually treated in primary care: In terms of chronic non-communicable
Hypertension, diabetes, asthma, diseases, the older age group is more at
COPD, depression and anxiety, back risk.
pain, arthritis, thyroid dysfunction For this reason, the demand for primary
Primary healthcare also includes health care services is increasing rapidly
mother and child care, family in both developed and developing
planning services and vaccinations. countries.
 Thank you for listening…

That’s all for today…

We will continue with secondary and tertiary

healthcare systems…