S-10

CH-1 INTRODUCTION OF
MULTI ASPECT COLOUR
LIGHT SIGNALLING
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 Colour light signal

1-ASPECT UNIT 2-ASPECT UNIT 3-ASPECT UNIT 4-ASPECT UNIT

NOTE:- IT CAN BE
COMBINATION OF
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3+1 OR 2+2 UNITS
COLOUR LIGHT AND AUTOMATIC SIGNALLING

• Multiple Aspect Colour light signal.

• Signal aspect control circuits.
• Signal Indication circuits.
• Triple pole lamps.
• Inner distant signal.
• LED signal units.
• Automatic colour light signalling.

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 SIG LAMPS

TRIPLE POLE
LAMPS

LED SIGNAL

MACLS &
AUTOMATIC
SIGNAL

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 COLOUR LIGHT SIGNALLING

• The Colour Light Signal displays lights of different

colours, depending upon the aspect of the signal to
be conveyed to the driver.

• With increase in Railway Electrification and other

modernization works, use of colour light signals is
increasing day by day in Indian Railways

• Colour Light Signals gives same aspects both by day

and night unlike semaphore signalling.

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 Advantages over Semaphore Signals:
1. The same aspect is displayed both by day and night.
2. High intensity beams, great penetrating power. Increased
range of visibility, even when conditions are unfavorable.
3. No moving parts. Less maintenance, No. of failures is
also less.
4. As the structure is light and small, mounting is easier.
5. Trees & Buildings, which are bad backgrounds for
semaphore /signals, are good backgrounds for colour light
signals.

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6. Aspects can be displayed at driver's eye level.

7. Operation is very quick.

8. Ahead signal aspects are pre-warned by the

rear signal.
9. Suitable for RE & Non-RE area.

10. Cascading arrangement and red lamp protection is

possible.
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The disadvantages of colour light signals are: -

1. Close up view is difficult.

2. Glare at night.

3. Limited visibility on curves.

4. Lamp failures are frequent.

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 JUNCTION TYPE SIGNAL

CALLING ON SIGNAL SHUNT SIGNAL SHUNTING PERMIT INDICATOR

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 COLOUR LIGHT SIGNAL ROUTE INDICATORS
JUNCTION TYPE ROUTE
INDICATOR

MULTI LAMP TYPE ROUTE

INDICATOR

STENCIL TYPE ROUTE INDICATOR

MAIN LINE SECUNDERABAD

BRANCH GOODS LINE

LINE

-junction type route Multi lamp type route Maximum 4 routes including M/L
MAXIUM 7 ROUTES INCLUDING M/L Maximum 99 routes including M/L Where speed is less than 15 KMPH
WHERE SPEED IS MORE THAN 15KMPH Where speed is less than 15KMPH

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10
 SIGNAL POST

SIGNAL UNIT

LADDER STAND

LADDER

POST

BASE &
FOUNDATION
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S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 12
 PARTS OF CLS

1. SIGNAL BASE.
2. SIGNAL POST
3. SIGNAL UNIT
4. MOUNTING SOCKET
5. TURN TABLE or TRIPOD
6. APERTURE SIGHTING HOLE
7. TERMINAL BOX
8. BACKGROUND or CALOR or SCREEN
9. COVER
10. VENTILATOR or BREATHING HOLES

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 HOOK

VENTILATOR SCREEN

TERMINAL
BOX

TURN TABLE

MOUNTING
SOCKET
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 11. OUTER LENS
12. INNER LENS
13. VIZIL RING
14. HOOD
15. Lamp Holder
16.‘L’ Bracket
17. Lamp
18. HOOK
19. GASKET
20. SIG TRANSFORMER
21. LADDER WITH PLATFORM
22. NUMBER PLATE
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 •Poles are available in three
different sizes 3.5,4.5,5.5
meters.

•A signal post (tube) of

section ‘140mm’ and
thickness of ‘7mm’.

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 SIGNAL FOUNDATION

Signal foundations:
•1:3:6 [ 1-cement; 3-sand; 6-ballast ]
•Signal shoes can be fixed on concrete
foundation having long bolts 900 x 25mm
and about threaded 75mm.
Signal Ladders:
•Ladder on the signal post fixed at
‘225mm’ from the top of the post.
•Guard rail is provided on the ladder near
the spectacle assembly for working on the
signal. Lower end is bolted to a cast iron
ladder foundation.
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•The signal post is mounted on
SIGNAL BASE
a signal base.
•It is a cast iron base having a
round section in the bottom.
•The width of the metal casting
at the bottom being ’41mm’ and TUBULAR POST
the bottom diameter of the
base is ‘512mm,post 160mm.
•The height of the base is
‘550mm’.
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 HOOK

VIZIL RING
HOOD

TERMINAL
BOX
MOUNTING APERTURE
SOCKET
TURN TABLE
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 TURN TABLE/TRIPOD

TURN TABLE
Turn table:-
By loosening the three bolts, the
entire unit can be turn for required
position.

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 MOUNTING SOCKET

MOUNTING SACKET

Mounting sacket:- By loosening the

three nuts, the entire unit can be
adjusted for Horizontal and Vertical
alignment.
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 APERTURE

APERTURE

For adjusting the signal for the

purpose of sighting , track
sighting apertures are provided APERTURE

at the base of the unit by

which it is possible to see the
point at which the unit is
focused by rotating the unit to
suit the requirement.

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 TERMINAL BOX

NOTE:- To terminate
the cable coming from
L.B.

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 PARTS OF
CLS UNIT

Each signal is provided

SHIELD with shield to give a
good back ground.
HOOD
HOOD is provided in front of each aspect
to give better visibility and to prevent
Sunlight / engine head light falling
directly on the lense.

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 BREATHING HOLES

Breathing holes

Breathing holes are provided

GASKET to circulate the air for
protecting the glasses from
heat generated due to signal
lamp .

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 GASKET

GASKET

Gasket is provided to avoid

moisture effect and prevent
rain water.

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 HOOK
HOOK

HOOK is provided for lifting

the unit and place it over the
post.
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 HOOD

HOOD

HOOD is provided in front of each aspect to give better visibility and to

prevent Sunlight / engine head light falling directly on the lense.

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 LAMP HOLDER,
BRACKET

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 Each CLS unit consists of

A) Lens arrangement,

B) Signal lamp,

C) Transformer.

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OUTER
LENS

DIA-
213MM

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 INNER LENSE

INNER LENS
DIA- 140 mm

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Lens arrangement:
Each unit comprises a filament electric lamp accurately
focussed behind a lens system, using a doublet combination
of 2 lenses. These lenses are concave, convex, combination.
The inner lens being coloured, red, yellow or green and the
outer clear lens.
Inner lens 140 mm dia is stepped outside whereas the outer
lens 213 mm dia is stepped inside.

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S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 34
 INNER LENSE OUTER LENSE

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 The advantages of a step lens over a
plane convex lens are:
1. Reduced variation in thickness, reduces the light
absorption.
2. The improved, accuracy of refracting surface.
3. Saving in weight (about 1/7th of plane convex lens).
4. Increased thermal endurance (max. safe tem. is about
1000C as against 450C in case of plane convex)
5. Flexibility in optical design, which enables better use of
the light, emitted.
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S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 37
SL NO

CLS UNIT CAST IRON / FIBRE

SIGNAL ASPECT Height x Width 0.67m (on post 0.55m) x 0.45m ( including background)

TWO ASPECT Height x Width 1.30m (on post 1.18m) x 0.45m ( including background)

THREE ASPECT Height x Width 1.63m (on post 1.51m) x 0.45m ( including background)

FOUR ASPECT Height x Width 1.92m (on post 1.80m) x 0.45m ( including background)

SHUNT SIGNAL Height x Width 0.45m including directional arrow (cover closed) 0.56m x
0.29m

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 LAMP HOLDER

Lamp holder is made of

PBT(Poly Butylene
Terephthalate)
LAMP
It is provided for fixing the HOLDER
lamp.
It has three grooves to
accommodate three lamp
pins.
At the bottom, it has two
phosphor bronze contact
springs which firmly make the
connection with lamp pole.
The lamp feed wires are
terminated on two bolts.
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 L-TYPE
BRACKET

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 COVER

Cover is provided with

the gasket to prevent
entry of water/dust
inside the CALLOR
compartment.
It is locked with
universal lock to
prevent outside
interference.
Outside of cover is
painted black with
diagonal cross of
aluminum/white
S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 41
 Signal
transformer

PRIMARY SIDE

13v 16v
0v 1.0v
SECONDARY SIDE

0.5v 14.5v

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 SIGNAL LAMPS

• Double pole single filament. SL-18

• Double pole Double filament. SL-21,& 17
• Triple pole Double filament. SL-35A &35 B
• LED Lamps.
• All signal lamps are Gas filled lamps except SL-5
And LED Lamps.
• Life of signal lamp is 1000 hours.
• Before their use , performance should be ensured.

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S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 44
 .
As the light output varies quite rapidly with variation
in voltage, at 90% of the rated voltage, the candle power
of the lamp is reduced to about 70% of the value of full
rated voltage. Consequently, care must be exercised in
reducing the lamp voltage that the intensity of the beam
is not reduced to a point where atmospheric conditions
can affect the integrity of the signal aspect.

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Lamps burned at less than 80% of the rated
voltage may have their filament temperature
reduced to a point where chromatic of the
signal light colour will be affected. For colour
light signals a low voltage lamp (12 V) is
preferred.

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 Low voltage lamps take higher currents and
therefore, current density is higher. Higher current
density gives higher temperature thereby increasing
light output and efficiency.
A high voltage lamp (110 V /33 W) has resistance of
V=IR. And P=VI, so I=P/V
Now V=IR or R=(VxV) / P
i.e. R= (110 X 110) /33= 367 Ohms and 300 milli Amp
.

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A low voltage lamp (12 V /33 W) has resistance of
V=IR. and P=VI, so I=P/V Now V=IR or R=(VxV) / P
i.e. R= (12 x 12) /33= 4.3 Ohms and 2.79Amp
A thick filament would be technically strong.
Especially for the colour light signals kept closer to
the track and subjected to vibrations. A long
filament will have most of its light outside the focal
point and hence the brilliance of the lamp will be
effected.

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 SIGNAL LAMPS
[Link]. Type of Rating of filaments Light
Signal output in
lumens
Main filament 12V/16W
1. SL 17 Auxiliary filament 16V, 12W 150 lumens

2. SL 18 12V, 24W 275 lumens

Main filament 12V 24W;

3. SL 21 Auxiliary filament 16V, 230 lumens
12W

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SR. REF. RATING RATING PURPOSE
NO TYPE VOLT WATT
1 SL 5 12 4 Repeaters and Indicators, multilamp type route
indicator with parallel connection.
2 SL18 12 24 Multi aspect colour light signal.
3 SL 2112 Main 24 Multi aspect Colour Light Signals.
filament 12
16 Auxi.
Filament
4 SL33 110 25 Direction type route indicators.
5 SL35A 12 24/24 (Triple pole with/parallel filaments) Multi aspect
colour light signals.
6 SL35B 12 33/24 (Triple pole with/parallel filaments) Multi aspect
CLS

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S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 51
In SL-35 Triple Pole, double filament and the main filament is 12V, 24W
horizontal and 16V, 12W auxiliary filament vertically placed. In this,
when main filament fuses, auxiliary filament comes into circuit, with a
dim light, because of less wattage.
In SL-35A Triple Pole, double filament and both filaments are
horizontally located with 12V, 24W rating.
In SL-35B Triple Pole, double filament are horizontally located with 12V,
S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 52
33W/33W rating for both main and auxiliary filaments.
 Important instructions for the
maintenance of signal lamps: -
1. Lamps must be replaced with similar lamps.
2. Lamps must be inspected every day or at intervals
specified, by the maintainer to see that they are burning
properly.
3. Receptacle & lamp base must be clear to ensure proper
contact.
4. Care must be exercised when replacing lamps to see that
the pins in the base are turned to the end of the slots in
the receptacle and forced into place by the contact spring.
S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 53
5. Voltage must not be more than the rated voltage of the
lamps and should not be more than 90 % of the rated voltage
(10.8V). Not less than 80% percentage of the rated
voltage(9.6 v).

6. Lamps should be tested prior to use. To test lamps apply

voltage of not less than 90% and not more than rated lamp
voltage for a period of 10 minutes. If the filament burns
excessively bright or after burning the filament has lost its
shape or the bulb is discoloured the lamp should not be used.
S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 54
7. Where practicable, signal lenses roundels and reflectors
should be cleaned without removing the lamp.
8. Voltage reading must be taken each time the lamp is
replaced.
9. Double filament lamps must be replaced when one
filament fails.
[Link] should not carry lamps in their toolboxes. A
spare lamp should be stored in one apparatus case at
every station.
S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 55
 Pins, Pole & filament Main / Auxiliary
Reference: Remarks
& other filament Rating
Three pin double
SL 18, pole & single 12V/24W OFF Aspect (cascaded ckts)
filament
12v /16W/ OFF Aspect(Non cascaded
SL 17 Three pin double
16v /12W ckt)
pole & double
12V/24W
SL –21 filament ON Aspect only
16V/12W
SL35A 12V /24W/24W
SL–35AL Cascaded OR non-cascaded
(Long life) Three pin triple pole CLS OFF Aspect
12V/24W/24W
SL-35B & double filament

SL-35BL 12V/33W/33W Cascaded OR non-cascaded

(Long life) 12V/33W/33W CLS ON Aspect
110 ±20%DC Cascaded OR non-cascaded
NA
At 13 to 16 W CLS ON /OFF Aspect
LED signal unit
The jumper selection for blanking for cascaded and non-blanking for
S-10 VER-1.0
aspect shall be done on current regulator56
IRISET- SECUNDERABAD
non-cascaded
 Electrical parameters of Signal Transformer and Lamp
Lamp glow volt. 2.3 Volt
Lamp terminal
10.8V or 90% of lamp’s rated voltage
voltage
Fuse ratting 0.63 Amp for 110/12 aspect control circuit
Signal
Primary Secondary tapping
transformer 110v / 12v,
tapping 0 & 0, 0.5 & 1 volts and
Rating & 40VA
110 13,14.5 & 16 volts
permitted
No Load current Should not be more than 15 ma
Shall be 2.5 times of normal working current of
Fuse retting
circuit
S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 57
 Signal Transformer. (IRS: S 59)
A transformer 110/12V, 40VA 50 C/S provided for each
aspect in the unit.

With out a transformer, if the lamp is directly connected

lamp current is about 3A (for SL21 12V 33W), the voltage
drop in cable will be very high.

As an example, a cable resistance of say 10 ohms, the

voltage drop being roughly 30V. Hence, the voltage to be
maintained at the cabin is about 42V, and in this case,
most of the power supplied is lost in the cable.
S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 58
Further, the voltages to be maintained at the cabin will have
to be different for different signals, as all signals are not
located at the same distance.

Use of a transformer at the signal reduces the current in the

cable to about 33W/110V=0.3A., the drop in voltage under the
same condition will be only about 3V out of 110V supplied.
Hence, the voltage drop is negligible .

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Tapings are provided either on primary or on secondary of
the transformer to get the specified voltage across the
lamp irrespective of line drop.

Transformer rating is 110V/12V AC, 40VA, 50Hz. Minimum capacity

of the transformer is 40VA continuous. No load current shall not be
more than 15ma.

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Insulation Resistance shall not be less than 100MΩ with 500V DC
Megger. It shall be measured between the core and each winding
and also between the primary and secondary windings.

In AC RE area, to increase range of operation of signals by direct

feeding method 300V/12V Signal Transformers had been used.

NOTE: As per Railway Board’s Letter No.96/Sig/M/4 dated

01.10.1997, 110V AC feed system should be provided on all
future colour light signal installations.

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 THANK YOU

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 S-10
CH-2
SIGNAL ASPECT
CONTROL CIRCUITS
S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 1
In CLS signal, control relay must always control the signal
when the control relay in dropped condition, signal will
have red aspect.

For two aspect signal one control relay.

For three aspect signal, two control relays.
For four aspect signal, three control relays are required.

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 TWO-ASPECT CLS CONTROL CIRCUIT

[Link] RELAY CONDITION ASPECT

1 HR  HG
2 HR  RG

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 TWO-ASPECT CLS CONTROL CIRCUIT

NORMALLY HR RELAY REMAINS IN DROP

RELAY ROOM LOCATION

BX110 HR 110/12 V

HG

NX110 HR

HR 110/12 V

RG

HR

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 THREE-ASPECT CLS
CONTROL CIRCUIT (STOP SIGNAL)

• THREE-ASPECT CONTROL TABLE

[Link] RELAY CONDITION ASPECT

1 HR  + DR  DG

2 HR  + DR  HG

3 HR  RG
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 THREE-ASPECT CLS CONTROL CIRCUIT
(STOP SIGNAL)

RELAY ROOM LOCATION

BX110 HR DR 110/12 V

DG

NX110 HR DR

DR 110/12 V

HG

DR

HR 110/12 V

RG

HR

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 Three-Aspect Distant Signal
Control Circuit

• THREE-ASPECT CONTROL TABLE

[Link] RELAY CONDITION

ASPECT

1 HHR  + DR  HHG

2 HHR  + DR  DG

3 DR  HG
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 110/12 V

110/12 V

110/12 V

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 FOUR-ASPECT CLS CONTROL CIRUIT
(first method)
REMARKS
[Link] RELAYCONDITION ASPECT
• FOUR-ASPECT CONTROL TABLE( STOP SIG)
1 HR  + HHR + DR
HHG
2 HR  + HHR  + DR
DG
3 HR  + DR  HG

4 HR 
RG
S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 9
1) When HR is de-energized the signal shows RED aspect.

2) When HR only energized and next signal is ON the

signal displays YELLOW. Through DR back contact.

3) When HHR is energized in addition to HR and the next

signal is showing yellow, the signal displays DOUBLE
YELLOW.

4) When DR is energized in addition to HR & HHR and the

next signal is showing attention or proceed, the signal
displays GREEN aspect
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 HR HHR DR

HR HHR DR
DR

DR

DR

DR
HR

HR

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 FOUR-ASPECT CLS CONTROL CIRUIT
(second method)
REMARKS
[Link] RELAYCONDITION ASPECT
• FOUR-ASPECT CONTROL TABLE( STOP SIG)
1 HR  + HHR + DR
HHG

2 HR  + HHR  + DR
DG

3 HR  + DR 
HG

4 HR 
RG

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 12

1) When HR is de-energized the signal shows RED aspect.
2) When HR only energized and next signal is ON the
signal displays YELLOW. Through DR back contact.
3) When HHR is energized in addition to HR and DR drops
the next signal is showing yellow, the signal displays
DOUBLE YELLOW.
4) when DR is energized in addition to HR and HHR drops
and the next signal is showing attention or proceed,
the signal displays GREEN aspect

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 RELAY ROOM LOCATION
BX110 HR HHR DR 110/12 V

HHG

NX110 HR HHR DR

DR HHR 110/12 V

DG

DR HHR

DR 110/12 V

HG

DR

HR 110/12 V

RG

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S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 15
 THANK YOU

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 S-10
CH-3
SIGNAL INDICATION
CIRCUIT

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 SIGNAL INDICATION CIRCUITS

• The aspects of the signals are repeated in the cabin/Panel when

the signals are either manual or semi-automatic/Automatic.

• For each aspect separate indication provided on the panel , ON-

Red, OFF-Yellow/Green.

• The lamp used is SL 5, 12 V / 4 W single filament for cabin.

• The lamp used is SL 31, 24 V / 1.2 W single filament on the panel.

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 SIGNAL INDICATION CIRCUITS

• The methods adopted for repeating signal aspects are

• INDICATION TRANSFORMER METHOD.
. The first method uses a current transformer.
. Transformers working with the same principle are used for
indication purposes and hence, they are called indication
transformers.

• Using current transformer method.

• Using signal proving relays method.
ECR Relays---ON ECR & OFF-ECR.
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 SIGNAL INDICATION CIRCUITS

• When the signal lamp is burning the current drawn by

the signal transformer primary is large to compensate
for the secondary load ampere-turns.
• When the signal lamp is fused, the signal transformer
draws less current and the current in the primary of
current transformer is reduced.
• This current transformer having the indication lamp
(12 V / 4 W, SL- 5) directly connected is known as I-
type

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 SIGNAL INDICATION CIRCUITS

• The primary current is in the range of 0.3 A, the voltage

ratio primary to secondary is 10/7 volts + 5%.

• The secondary load is 2.5 VA at 7 V.

• Draw backs: Dim glow indication may appear in case of

signal lamp failure. Not suitable for cascading arrangement.
Failure of the indication lamp affects the signal lamp
voltage

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 ECR METHOD USING “I”
TYPE TRANSFORMER
BX110 HR 110/12 V, 40VA

300 ma

HG

NX110 HR I-Type Transformer

2.5VA

HGKE

SL 5 (12V/4W)
HR 110/12 V, 40VA

RG

HR I-Type Transformer

RGKE
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SL 5 (12V/4W)
 ECR METHOD USING “L”
TYPE TRANSFORMER
• In this, L-type current transformer is Connected in series
with primary of signal lamp transformer(110/12V).

• L-type Transformer is suitable for low current in the range

of 300 mA On the primary, the secondary develops 9 V
across it.

• The capacity of the L-type transformer is 0.09 VA. The

voltage ratio is 0.5 V / 9V, +5%.

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BX110 HR 110/12 V, 40VA

300 ma

HG
L-Type Transformer
NX110 HR
0.5V

0.09VA
9 V

HECR
HR 110/12 V, 40VA

RG
L-Type Transformer
HR 0.5V

9 V

RECR

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 ECR METHOD USING “H”
TYPE TRANSFORMER
• In this, H-type current transformer is Connected in series
with secodary side of signal lamp transformer(110/12V).

H-type Transformer is suitable for high current in the range

of 2.5 A On the primary, the secondary develops 9 V across
it.

• The capacity of the H-type transformer is 0.09 VA. The

voltage ratio is 0.3 V / 9V, +5%.

S-10 VER 1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 9

 HR

“H” type transformer HG

HECR

HR
“H ”type transformer RG

S-10 VER 1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 10

 Relay room Location box

RECR

RECPR RECR

HECR
HECPR HECR

HECPR HGKE

RECPR RGKE

SL-5—12V/4W
SL-31-24V/1.2W

S-10 VER 1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 11

 Advantages of ECR Methods:
• Less line voltage drop.
• Failure of indication lamp does not affect the signal lamp
voltage.
• Contacts of ECR can be used for the circuits requiring the
proving.

• Drawback:
• It is costly since lamp proving unit and separate 24V AC or
12V AC indication supply is required.
•
S-10 VER 1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 12
 THANK YOU

S-10 VER 1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 13

 S-10
CH-4
TRIPLE POLE LAMPS

S-10 VER 1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 1

 INTRODUCTION:

Signaling system plays a vital roll in running the trains at higher

speed with utmost safety to passengers & carrying materials in
goods.

15 to 20 percent of the signaling failures causes due to no light of

signaling lamps on account of lamp fusing or any other causes.
Hampering the punctuality of the train running.
In colour light Signaling,
— SL-21, 12V 33W used with out cutting-in arrangement.
— SL-18, 12V 24W used for OFF aspect with cutting in
arrangement.
S-10 VER 1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 2
Even then Signal goes blank if ON aspect also fuses. The
fusing of signal lamps failures contributes failure on account
of signal.

To arrest failures the schedule of replacement of signal lamp

is fixed 45 days or 1000 hours for ON & 180 days for OFF
aspects.

It varies from railway-to-railway, division-to-division with

local orders.
S-10 VER 1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 3
 PROBLEMS WITH 2-FILAMENT
AND 2-POLE LAMPS
(a) Both the filaments lit at the same time & on fusing of main
filament, ECR drops & even when the signal is lit at the
site. Therefore the incidences of signal failures &
detentions
(b) Lamps are schedule to be replaced periodically hence it
involves the up keeping of records and also large no. of
signaling lamps.
(c) To have better reliability these lamps are required to be
pre-stressed for a given period before using them on site.
This also bears additional burden over the signal staff.
S-10 VER 1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 4
 INTRODUCTION OF TRIPLE POLE LAMPS:

To remove these anomalies & more reliable signal

lighting arrangement gave a birth to the concept of
"TRIPLE POLE LAMP”

DOUBLE POLE LAMP TRIPLE POLE LAMP

S-10 VER 1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 5

Triple Pole Lamps: Two filaments of equal wattage lumen out
put. Normally main filament is lit. Auxiliary filament serves as a
standby, to be switch ON when main filament fuses.

Visibility of CLS is not so affected when the main filament is

fused and the auxiliary filament is switched ON.

New design of the lamp have both filaments in parallel

configuration to avoid possibilities of hot-spot formation.
S-10 VER 1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 6
 Signal lamp main filament checking
relay(MECR), indication and alarm circuit
using triple pole signal lamp

MECR unit basically consists of one H-type current transformer

and the transformer secondary output voltage is rectified and
is connected to one miniature relay MECR. This gives the
condition of triple Pole main filament .
This relay picks up when the main filament is burning. Drops
when main filament fuses. Through the back contact of this
relay Auxiliary’ Filament lits.
S-10 VER 1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 7
S-10 VER 1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 8
MECR unit shall be fixed inside the signal unit or in the signal location box.
In the auxiliary filament circuit path 1 ohm, 15W resistance is provided in
series with the MECR back contact, to bring the main filament first in
circuit when the aspect is switched ON.

S1 MECR is normally up and made slow to release to avoid wrong

indication at the time of aspect changing. S1 MECR down indicates that
main filament is fused for its aspect burning at that time.

In the existing installations due to shortage of available conductors,

railways may decide, to give a common indication to the maintenance
staff by suitable grouping of signals.
S-10 VER 1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 9
 ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENT
FOR TRIPLE LAMPS

a) Triple pole double filament lamps with lamp holder & base
b) Switching unit (MECR).
c) Push button switch. Buzzer, indication lamps.
d) PVC wire. ARA terminals & other accessories.

1. 2- spare core from, signal location to relay room for MECR is

required
2. 1-extra core for each aspect in tail cable from location to signal post
3. If there is no space in the location for providing RMECR, HMECR,
DMECR relay & indication transformers, extra location also required.
S-10 VER 1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 10
 ADVANTAGES:

1. Reduction in number of signal failures due to lamp fusing

2. No detention of trains even when the main filament is
fused.

3. Reduction in maintenance staff.

4. Reduction in the duration of failures as indication of main
filament fusing appears in the cabin immediately.

5. Periodical replacement of lamp avoided, there by effecting

saving / economy of lamp,
6. No pre-stressing of lamp
S-10 VER 1.0
is required.
IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 11
 ALARM CIRCUIT:

Signal Lamp filament Proving Relay (GXPR) is normally up. If main

filament fused, then concerned aspect, MECR, drops
In this UPMECR drops. UPMECR drops GXPR. BELL rings & failure
indication lit. BELL stops when acknowledged .
After replacing signal lamp UPMECR picks up, results ACKNR drops.
Through GXPR-Back contact & ACKNR-Back contact BELL rings again
for acknowledgement of failure rectification.
After pressing ACKPB through ACKPB-pressed contact, GXPR picks up.
Picking up of GXPR disconnects the supply to BELL and indication.
MECR is made slow drop to prevent the actuation of buzzer at during
aspect changing
S-10 VER 1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 12
 RELAY ROOM LOCATION BOX

S-10 VER 1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 13

S-10 VER 1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 14
 ALARM CIRCUIT:

UP MECR ACK BUTTON

p
GXPR
GXPR

UP MECR ACK BUTTON

p
ACKNR
ACKNR

GXPR ACKNR
BELL

INDICATION

S-10 VER 1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 15

 THANK YOU

S-10 VER 1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 16

 S-10
CH-5
INNER DISTANT AND
DISTANT SIGNAL
S-10 VER 1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 1
 In MACLS system the driver of a train is warned of the
approaching stop signal by a permissive signal. The signal called
distant signal which is located at an adequate distance of 1 KM in
rear of the stop signal.
With the increase in speed and haulage capacity of
passenger and goods trains, the above mentioned distance is
not sufficient, which brings out the braking distances required for
some of the loads and speeds.
S-10 VER 1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 2
Note : As per railway board letter No-2009/Safety (A&R)/19/24
dated 27-07-2010, Distant signal will display GREEN ASPECT only for
run through on Main Line

 A general rule (GR) 3.07(6) stipulates that "Wherever necessary

more than one distant signal may be provided. In such a case the
outer most signal, to be located at an adequate distance from the
first stop signal shall be called the distant and the other called the
inner distant signal”.

S-10 VER 1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 3

Advantages
1. Driver can know the information of the signals ahead well in
advance (2 Km in advance).
2. Confidence in the driver is increased since he is having sufficient
breaking distance for high speeds.
3. Sectional average speed is improved.
4. Goods warning board is not required.
5. Section capacity increases.

S-10 VER 1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 4

 INNER DISTANT SIGNAL
DISTANT SIGNAL

Visibility 400m

Visibility 200m

S-10 VER 1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 5

 SINGLE DISTANT SIGNAL
ASPECT CONTROL CHART

Main
Sl. Indication to Distant Home Adv.
line
No Driver Signal Signal Starter
starter
1 May stop at home Yellow RED RED RED
2 To stop at loop Double Yellow with - -
starter (or) pass via yellow Route
loop line Indicator
3 May stop at main Double Yellow RED RED
line starter Yellow
4 To run through Green Green Green Green

S-10 VER 1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 6

 DOUBLE DISTANT SIGNAL
ASPECT CONTROL CHART
Sl
Inner Main
. Indication to Distant Home Adv.
Distant line
N Driver Signal Signal Starter
Signal starter
o
1 May stop at Double Yellow RED RED RED
home yellow
2 To stop at loop Double Double Yellow - -
starter (or) pass yellow yellow with Route
via loop line Indicator
3 May stop at main Green Double Yellow RED RED
line starter Yellow
4 To run through Green Green Green Green Green
S-10 VER 1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 7
 STOP AT HOME SIGNAL

DISTANT SIGNAL

INNER DISTANT SIGNAL

HOME SIGNAL

Indication to Inner Distant Home Main line Adv.

Distant Signal
Driver Signal Signal starter Starter
May stop at home Double yellow Yellow RED RED RED

S-10 VER 1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 8

UMESH KULKARNI
 STOP AT LOOP STARTER

INNER DISTANT SIGNAL

DISTANT SIGNAL HOME SIGNAL

S-10 VER 1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 9

UMESH KULKARNI

Distant Inner Distant Adv.

Indication to Driver Home Signal Loop line starter
Signal Signal Starter
To stop at loop starter (or) Double Double yellow Yellow with Route Red -
pass via loop line yellow Indicator or Yellow
 STOP AT MAIN LINE STARTER

DISTANT SIGNAL

INNER DISTANT
SIGNAL

HOME SIGNAL

Distant Inner Distant Home Main line

Indication to Driver Adv. Starter
Signal Signal Signal starter
May stop at main line starter Green Double Yellow Yellow RED RED

S-10 VER 1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 10

UMESH KULKARNI
 RUN THROUGH FROM M/L STARTER

DISTANT SIGNAL

INNER DISTANT SIGNAL

HOME SIGNAL

Distant Inner Distant Home Main line

Indication to Driver Adv. Starter
Signal Signal Signal starter

Run through Green Green Green Green Green

S-10 VER 1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 11
UMESH KULKARNI
 S-6
2A, C2A 1C, C1C
INNER
DISTANT DISTANT C-2 S-2 A/B/C Adv.
S-10 Starter
S-7 2B, C2B 1B, C1B

S-8
S-9 2C, C2C 1A, C1A
S-11 INNER
S-1 A/B/C C-1 DISTANT
DISTANT

S-5

S-10 VER 1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 12

 DISTANT AND INNER DISTANT
SIGNAL CONTROL CIRCUIT

2 2 2 DID
B24 HR DR DECPR HHR N24
DID
DR

2 DID
HECPR DR DID
HHR

2 2 DID DID 2B
UECPR HECPR HHECR HECR NRR DD
DR
2 DID
DECPR DECPR

2 2 2A 2C 10 10 2B
HR UECPR UR UR DR DECPR NRR 2
DR

S-10 VER 1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 13

 THREE-ASPECT INNER DISTANT
SIGNAL CONTROL CIRCUIT

• THREE-ASPECT CONTROL TABLE

[Link] RELAY CONDITION
ASPECT

1 HHR  + DR  HHG

2 HHR  + DR  DG

3 DR  HG

S-10 VER 1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 14

 INNER DISTANT SIGNAL CIRCUIT

110/12 V

110/12 V

110/12 V

S-10 VER 1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 15

 DISTANT SIGNAL CIRCUIT

S-10 VER 1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 16

 Thank you

S-10 VER 1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 17

 S-10
CH-6
The
Automatic Block
System
S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 1
. In
Indian Railways, six systems of train
working are adopted and they are:

(a) The Absolute Block System

(b) The Automatic Block System
(c) The Following Trains System
(d) The Pilot Guard System
(e) The Train Staff and Ticket System
(f) The One Train Only System

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 2

 AUTOMATIC BLOCK SECTION
What is Automatic Block?
What is the difference between automatic and absolute
system?
Where it is required ?
Why it is required?
What are the requirements ?
What are the essentials?
How it is operated?
What is the role of signaling department ?
S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 3
What is Automatic Block?

Space intervals are secured automatically by the

movement of trains over the Track Circuits or Axle
Counters

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 4

What is the difference between automatic and
absolute system

1)The main difference between absolute block and

automatic block is that in the latter, space intervals are
secured automatically by the use of Track Circuits or
Axle Counters while in the former by human agencies in
the form of 2 Station Masters located at the ends of a
block section.
S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 5
 2) Normal aspect on signal post

Absolute Automatic

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 6

 3) ‘A’ marker board is provided on signal post

Automatic

Absolute

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 7

 4) Semi auto signal post now working as automatic
signal

ILLUMINATED
“A”MARKER

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 8

 4) Semi auto signal post now working as manual
signal

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 9

 WHERE IT IS REQUIRED

Section where train frequency is more.

Examples
1) Mumbai suburban
2) Chennai suburban
3) Calcutta

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 10

 WHY IT IS REQUIRED

To improve the integrity of safe

traffic without time delay.

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 11

 WHAT ARE THE REQUIREMENTS

1) Continuous track circuit or axle counter

( means to prove the presence of train on track)

2) Three aspect signaling or four aspect

signaling.

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 12

 THE ESSENTIALS OF AUTOMATIC BLOCK
SYSTEM ARE –

1)The line shall be provided with Continuous

Track Circuits or Axle Counters.

A station

B station

Up

Down

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 13

 2) The line between two stations may where required
be divided into a series of section known as
"Automatic Block Signalling Section".

Up

A station B station

Down
S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 14
 Up

A station B station

Down

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 15

 3) Entry into each block signalling section is protected by a colour
light Multiple Aspect Stop Signal.

Up

Automatic block

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 16

Down
Up

A station B station

Down

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 17

4)Track Circuits or Axle Counters should controls the aspects of
the Signal such that:

i) It cannot display the `OFF' aspect unless the line is clear not
only up to the next stop signal but also for an adequate
distance beyond it.

{ ‘OFF' aspect can be yellow, double yellow or green. }

ii) The Signal is automatically replaced to `ON' soon after it is

passed by a Train.

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 18

a) Yellow with the minimum clearance of one
Block plus Overlap.

b) Double yellow with minimum clearance of two

Block stations plus Overlap

c) Green with minimum clearance of three Block

stations plus Overlap

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 19

Up

A station B station

Down

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 20

Up

A station B station

Down

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 21

Up

A station B station

Down

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 22

Up

A station B station

Down

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 23

Up

A station B station

Down

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 24

Up

A station B station

Down

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 25

Up

A station B station

Down

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 26

Up

A station B station

Down

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 27

Up

A station B station

Down

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 28

Up

A station B station

Down

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 29

Up

A station B station

Down

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 30

Up

A station B station

Down

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 31

Up

A station B station

Down

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 32

Up

A station B station

Down

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 33

Up

A station B station

Down

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 34

Up

A station B station

Down

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 35

Up

A station B station

Down

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 36

Up

A station B station

Down

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 37

Up

A station B station

Down

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 38

Up

A station B station

Down

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 39

Up

A station B station

Down

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 40

Up

A station B station

Down

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 41

Up

A station B station

Down

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 42

Up

A station B station

Down

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 43

Up

A station B station

Down

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 44

Up

A station B station

Down

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 45

Up

A station B station

Down

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 46

Up

A station B station

Down

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 47

Up

A station B station

Down

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 48

Up

A station B station

Down

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 49

Up

A station B station

Down

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 50

Up

A station B station

Down

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 51

Up

A station B station

Down

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 52

Up

A station B station

Down

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 53

Up

A station B station

Down

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 54

Up

A station B station

Down

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 55

Up

A station B station

Down

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 56

Up

A station B station

Down

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 57

Up

A station B station

Down

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 58

Up

A station B station

Down

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 59

Up

A station B station

Down

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 60

Up

A station B station

Down

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 61

Up

A station B station

Down

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 62

Up

A station B station

Down

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 63

Up

A station B station

Down

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 64

Up

A station B station

Down

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 65

Up

A station B station

Down

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 66

Up

A station B station

Down

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 67

Up

A station B station

Down

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 68

Up

A station B station

Down

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 69

Up

A station B station

Down

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 70

Up

A station B station

Down

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 71

Up

A station B station

Down

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 72

Up

A station B station

Down

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 73

Up

A station B station

Down

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 74

Up

A station B station

Down

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 75

Up

A station B station

Down

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 76

Up

A station B station

Down

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 77

Up

A station B station

Down

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 78

Up

A station B station

Down

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 79

Up

A station B station

Down

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 80

Up

A station B station

Down

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 81

Up

A station B station

Down

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 82

Up

A station B station

Down

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 83

Up

A station B station

Down

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 84

Up

A station B station

Down

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 85

Up

A station B station

Down

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 86

Up

A station B station

Down

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 87

Up

A station B station

Down

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 88

Up

A station B station

Down

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 89

Up

A station B station

Down

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 90

Up

A station B station

Down

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 91

Up

A station B station

Down

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 92

Up

A station B station

Down

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 93

Up

A station B station

Down

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 94

Up

A station B station

Down

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 95

Up

A station B station

Down

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 96

Up

A station B station

Down

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 97

Up

A station B station

Down

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 98

Up

A station B station

Down

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 99

Up

A station B station

Down

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 100

Up

A station B station

Down

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 101

Up

A station B station

Down

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 102

Up

A station B station

Down

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 103

Up

A station B station

Down

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 104

Up

A station B station

Down

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 105

Up

A station B station

Down

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 106

Up

A station B station

Down

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 107

Up

A station B station

Down

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 108

Up

A station B station

Down

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 109

Up

A station B station

Down

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 110

Up

A station B station

Down

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 111

Up

A station B station

Down

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 112

Up

A station B station

Down

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 113

The Automatic Block System

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 114

The Automatic signalling section is defined as the portion of the
running road between two consecutive automatic stop signals and
each of these sections is protected by an automatic stop signal.
The adequate distance also be termed as “overlap” and
not less than 120m. Unless otherwise directed by approved special
instructions.

OV
BERTHING
TRACK
TRACK

AUTOMATIC BLOCK
SECTION
S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 115
 NUMBERING OF AUTOMATIC SIGNALS

These signals are numbered serially. Odd number in one direction and
even number in other direction for UP and DN line or vice versa.
The numbering of these signals according to their location with
respect to kilometerage. This requires a code consist of group of digits in
which last two digits indicates the telegraph or traction pole and the
first group of digit indicating the kilometers at which the signal is located
For distinguishing UP and DN signals can be made ODD in one
direction and EVEN in the other direction.

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 116

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 117
 S-1 S-3

1T 1 AT 3T

B24 3 TPR 3 RECR N24

3
3 GECR
HECR

3
HHECR

3
DECR
3
GECR B24
3
GECPR
3
GECR N24

3
B24 GECPR N24
1
HYR

1 1A 1
B24 TPR TPR HYR N24
1
HR
S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 118
 SIGNAL-1 SIGNAL-3
3
GECPR B24
1
HYR
AHEAD SIGNAL 3
NOT BLANK GECPR N24

1 3 3
HR ECPR1 HR
1

AHEAD SIGNAL HHR

1 3 3
IS 'Y' & HR ECPR1 HR
SECTION IS CLEAR
1 3
HHR ECPR2
1
AHEAD SIGNAL DR
1 3
IS 'YY' OR 'G' ECPR2
HHR
& SECTION IS CLEAR

1 1 1 1 1 1 1A 1
N24 DECR HHECR ECPR2 HECR ECPR1 HYR TPR TPR B24
1
HR
1
HR
S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 119
 FOUR ASPECT CONTROL CIRCUIT

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 120

CASCADING( Cutting in) Arrangements.

Whenever the lamp fuses with the signal displaying a particular aspect,
then it is likely that the signal becomes blank and there is a chance that
the driver may miss the signal and overshoot.

Even if the driver observes the signal, the signal with no light has to be
treated as a defective signal and GR 278, 279 will have to be observed.
This will have a deleterious effect on capacity, so if a lamp of clear aspect
fuses the signal should display a more restrictive aspect than no light
which is equivalent to 'Red'.

To avoid this conditions, an arrangement in the lamp control circuit can be

adopted in such a way that if a lamp fuses the signal can be restored to a
more restrictive aspect.

This arrangement is called the "cascading (cutting-in) arrangement".

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 121
 FOUR ASPECT CONTROL CIRCUIT
WITH CASCADING

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 122

 FOUR-ASPECT AUTOMATIC
SIGNALLING
Generally when the automatic signals are provided with distance
between the signals not less than BD then 3-aspect signals will
serve the purpose.
But if the distance between two consecutive signals is less than BD
on account of stations being very close or to improve the section
capacity by reducing the headway between trains and reducing the
automatic signalling sections, then the automatic signals have to be
provided with 4 aspects.
In this case, the sequence of aspects, when a train passes a signal is
Red, Yellow double Yellow and Green as the train occupies the
section after passing a signal and clearing one section, two sections
and 3 sections ahead of the signal respectively.
S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 123
 204 206 208
A

A
OVER LAP BERTHING
TRACK TRACK OVER LAP BERTHING
120 Mts TRACK TRACK
AUTOMATIC AUTOMATIC
SIGNALLING SECTION SIGNALLING SECTION

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 124

 Red lamp protection ckt
It is mandatory in auto and Absolute
block working

When there is a train in the section sig

has to display RG, at this time RG lamp
fuses , sig become Blank. Hence Rear sig
displaying RG.

Purpose- To protect Blank signal

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 125

 S-1 S-3

1T 1 AT 3T

B24 3 TPR 3 RECR N24

3
3 GECR
HECR

3
HHECR

3
DECR
3
GECR B24
3
GECPR
3
GECR N24

3
B24 GECPR N24
1
HYR

1 1A 1
B24 TPR TPR HYR N24
1
HR
S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 126
S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 127
S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 128
S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 129
S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 130
 THANK YOU

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 131

S-10
CH-7
LIGHT EMITTING
DIODE
S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 1
 LED SIGNAL

 RDSO/SPN/153/2010 V 4.1
 RDSO/SPN/153/2010 V 5.0
 RDSO/SPN/199/2011 V 1.0

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 2

 LED SIG

Modified Integrated

Version Version
V 1.0
4.1 5.0

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 3

 LED SIGNAL

NORMAL LED SIGNAL

HMU, CR , ECR LED UNIT

MODIFIED LED SIGNAL

CURRENT REGULATOR ,ECR LED UNIT

INTEGRATED LED SIGNAL

ECR LED UNIT

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 4

 Why led is required

Disadvantages of signal lamps

(i) Close up view is difficult.

(ii) Glare at night.
(iii) Limited visibility on curves.
(iv) Lamp failures are frequent.
(v) Phantom indication.
(vi) More maintenance is required.

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 5

 WHAT IS LED

IT IS DIODE WHICH EMITS LIGHT

OF REQUIRE COLOUR WHEN
FORWARD BIASED

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 6

 Aspect control circuit arrangement with
filament lamp & LED signal
RELAY ROOM UNDER CLS UNIT
GROUND
Fuse 0.63 /2 Amp
CABLE

ECR
BX110 V AC

NX110 V AC OTHER SELECTION

MOTHER
BOARD &
Fuse 0.63 Amp
HMU CARD AC I/P

BX110 V AC ECR

NX110 V AC

OTHER SELECTION

CURRENT LED SIGNAL UNIT

REGULATOR
S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 7
S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 8
S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 9
S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 10
S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 11
 ADVANTAGES OF LED SIGNALS
• Long working life ( 6yrs warranty/ 8 yrs. codal life )
• Pre-focused, periodical focusing not required
• Better visibility(600 meters )
• Very good short view
• No modifications require in existing ckt
• Same type of ECR for all LED signals
• No phantom effect
• LED lamps are compatible with existing CLS
• Low power consumption (15Watt).
S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 12
 NO PHANTOM EFFECT

Signal with LED lamp & Signal with Filament lamp

door open & door open

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 13

 COMPONENTS OF LED SIGNAL

FUSE - 0.63 A
LED SIGNAL UNIT - RG/ HG/DG
LAMP CHECKING RELAY (ECR) –
QECX61
 CURRENT REGULATOR - CR

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 14

 COMPONENTS OF LED SIGNAL

Fuse

LED signal unit

Lamp checking relay

Universal current regulator

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 15
 LED UNITS

Feed back
Power
socket
supply
Quality socket
LEDs Poly-carbonet
Sensors Dom
S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 16
 LED SIGNAL UNIT FOR MAIN SIGNALS
ON ASPECT RED OFF ASPECT YELLOW OFF ASPECT GREEN

REAR VIEW

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 17

 LED ARRANGEMENT INSIDE THE UNIT

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 18

 LED UNIT
• Input to all LED unit is DC power only
• Out Put of the LED unit is beam nominated
colour (175 Lux for yellow aspect & 150 Lux for
red and green aspect)
• Gives feed back about LED’S Working by
Optical sensors / Microcontroller
• LED`S connected in series in each array & No
of LED arrays connected in parallel

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 19

 LED UNIT
AC
S. In Minimum Immunity
NO LED signal unit Out put
put Visibility

150 lux
RED
-10% +40%

1 Main signal 175 lux 600 mts

YELLOW
-10% +40%

GREEN 150 lux AC noise

DC
immunity
POWER -10% +40%
60 Volts
2 Directional route indicator 50 lux
400mts
-10% +40%

3 Calling ON signal 50 lux

-10% +40%
200mts
S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 30 lux 20
4 Shunt signal
-10% +40%
 THE LED SHOULD SATISFY THE
FOLLOWING FUNCTIONAL
REQUIREMENTS:
The visibility of each aspect of LED signal unit 600 metres in clear
day light and Visibility of Route indicator200 metres.
The minimum illumination of LED signal units measured at a
distance of 1.5 metres in axial direction.
Yellow aspect.175 Lux, Red and Green aspect150 Lux.
LED signal lighting units display area.
Main and Calling-On signals 125 mm diameter.
Route and Shunt signals 85 mm diameter.
ECR (DC) normal pick up current (All LED signal units) 125 mA
Universal ECR pick up current (All LED signal unit) 108 mA
S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 21
A filament lamp either draws current when lit and
does not draw current when not lit.

Filament lamp fails only in open circuit mode while

LED can fail in open or short or leaky mode.
Thus LED can draw current when it is lit as well as
when it is not lit. Therefore, following conditions
have been taken into account to make sure that LED
signals fail on safe side:
S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 22
LED failing in short-circuit mode
LED failing in open circuit mode
LED failing in leaky mode

Design of LED array is such that with failure of one LED due
to open circuit failure, short cct failure or partial loss no other
LED is affected in the LED array.

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 23

With open circuit failure of LED, the total array current will
decrease and with short circuit failure of LED, the total array
current will increase. These two variations of array current
are monitored and used to generate alarm when 20-25%
LED fail.

For leaky mode of failure of LED, an optical detector is used

to detect light output of the LED signal unit. When the light
output is below allowed level, alarm is generated along with
switching "off" of the aspect.
S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 24
 EFFECT OF CURRENT VARIATION ON LED

1)Red aspect and green aspect have been found to be in their

colour ranges, even in the transient period of burnout.

2) White aspect has been found to be in its colour range except

during transient period of burnout where it becomes momentarily
blue at current above 180mA (7.2 times overdrive).

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 25

3)Yellow aspect has been found to be in its colour range
except it shifts towards Red when current is in excess of 300
mA (about 2.4 times over drive). Its shift into Class 'A' red is
momentary during transient period of burnout at current
above 460 ma (3.7 times over drive).

Therefore, there is no chance of change of colour on unsafe

side due to increase in current. At the transition stage when
the colour of LED is trying to change, the LED gets burnt out
within milli-seconds.

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 26

 Effect of Temperature
on LED colour:

Red, Green, Yellow and white aspects are found

to be within their ranges within the specified
temperature range of -10 deg to 70 deg. Yellow
aspect colour coordinate improves at higher
temperature.

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 27

 EFFECT OF AGING ON LED COLOUR:

The degradation in LED colour after 100000 hrs of

continuous stress is approx. 5%.
Sealing of units reduces effect of moisture and
further improves the performance.
Thus LED lamps are safe and shall not fail on
unsafe side.

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 28

 LED ASPECT UNIT
Across each LED 2.2 K
LED aspect unit made ohm resistor connected
of industrial grade to avoid failure of led
plastic like fiber. array in case any LED
failed.

No of LED ‘s connected shall

not less than 60 for RED &
Yellow aspects, 30 for Green
and CO-ON , 16 for Route and
13 for Shunt

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 29

 CURRENT REGULATOR

It is provided only for main sig aspects

Placed inside CLS unit
Shunt and calling- on, no CR is available
separately
Input is 110 ±20 % volts AC.

Out Put is 125% of I/P & DC supply

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 30
 Provides constant
current
Blanking and Non-
Blanking mode
selection.
Regulates current
as per feedback

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 31

 What is Blanking & Non- Blanking
modes

When LED’S failed more than 50℅ ,

no out put from CR( Blanking-mode)

When LED’S failed more than 50℅ ,

some out put from CR.(Non-
Blanking mode).

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 32

 lamp checking Relay

QECX61 , 4F/4B

Maximum pickup
current :- 108 ma,
r.m.s,50Hz
Minimum release
current._ 72 mA
r.m.s, 50Hz.

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 33

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 34
 Modified LED Integrated LED
Available for main and Available for main
subsidiary signals signals

Separate CR for main Inbuilt CR in all LED

signals & inbuilt for Units
subsidiary signals

Jumper selections for No Jumper setting for

Blanking/Non-Blanking blanking/non blanking
except HG aspect
S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 35
 Comparison of LED Sig

• Modified LED • Integrated LED

Current at rated Current at rated

voltage per unit at voltage per unit at
Input terminals of Input terminals of LED
Current Regulator 140 Signal lamp = 110 to
mA +10%, -20% (rms) 150 mA (rms)
S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 36
 THANK YOU

S-10 VER-1.0 IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 37