BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION
I I
·
2022
Statement I:Mycoplasma can pass through less
Genesis &
Reproduction-binary fission or spores
-sexual by primitive type of DNA transfer
than 1 micron filter size.
Statement II:Mycoplasma are bacteria with cell
Aristotle:
·
ARCHAEBACTERIA wall.
-simple morphological character to classify plants into Choose the most appropriate answer from the
trees,herbs & shrubs. Most primitive
options given below-
-animals-anaima,enaima Cell wall not made up of peptidoglycen or complex polysac.
peptide A)Statement I is correct but statement II is
R.H. Whittaker(1969)
Differ from eubac. due to cell wall incorrect
-basis-cell struc.,body org.,mode of nutrition,repro.,
Live in harsh places B)Statement I is incorrect but statement II is
phylogenetic relationship
correct
Carl Woese #
A) Methanogens:CH producing,found in marshy area,gobar
H C)Both statement I and II are correct
-three domain system gut of cow & buffaloes D)Both statement I and II are incorrect
-Archae,eukaryotes,eubacteria B) Halophiles:extremely salty area
-
C) Thermoacidophiles:hot springs Ans:Statement I is correct but statement II is
incorrect
EUBACTERIA(True Bacteria)
Deepak AIIMS
·
=
=>
Rigid cell wall Protista
· If motile,flagellum
Cyanobacteria:blue green algae Ernest Haeckal
- -
Single cell eukaryotes
Chlorophyll a Primarily aquatic
Photosynthetic autotrophs Haplontic life cycle-adult hap.,zygotic
Unicellular,colonial or filamentous meiosis E.g.:Dinoflagellates
freshwater/marine or terrestrial ⑨
Diplontic E.g.:Diatoms
fix atmospheric nitrogen in heterocysts
E.g.: Nostoc,Anabaena CHRYSOPHYTES
D
Heterotrophic:major decomposers
Monera make curd from milk,produce antibodies,fix Golden algae(desmids) & diatoms(marine)
Photosynthetic-planktons
Bacteria-sole members # nitrogen
Cell wall-embedded with silica,indestructible
Most abundant microbes MYCOPLASMA Accumulation of walls-diatomaceous earth
"Bacteria" - F.J. Cohn & Erhenberg Uses:polishing,filtration of oils & syrups
No cell wall
-
Diatoms-chief producers of ocean
spherical sped spiral comm Smallest living cell
Sur vive without oxygen DINOFLAGELLATES
Mostly marine,photosynthetic
· Shows bioluminescence
Also K/A night light and fire algae
NOTES specially made
Deepak Sahu
BY AIIMS TOPPERS AIR 5 (NEET 2021), AIIMS DELHI
I I
&
①
Cell wall have stiff cellulose plate on outer surface
Two flagella:longitudinal & transversal Fungi DEUTEROMYCETES simperfect fungi
*
Gonyaulax cause red tides ⑨
Great diversity in morphology & habitat.
⑨
It lack perfect stage(sexual)
⑨
Toxins released can kill marine fishes ①
Cosmopolitan,occur in air,water,soil,on animals & plants
⑨
Septate branched
⑳
Mycelium-body of fungi or net work of hyphae
⑨
Repr. only by asexual spore,conidia
EUGLENOIDS Mostly decomposers of litter & help in mineral cycling
slong slender thread
&
&
Filamentous , ,
⑧
Stagnant fresh water
·
· &
Cell wall-chitin & polysaccharide
D
E.g.:Alternaria,Colletotrichum,Trichoderma
Protein rich layer-pellicle Saprophytic
=
Phycomycetes Ascomycetes
⑨ e ⑨
m
Association-symbionts > Mycorrhiza with
Two flagella-1 small 1 long * yeast
-P
D ·
⑧
Mixotrophic nutrition ↓ roots of higher
⑨
Pigment identical to higher plants lichen with plants S -
⑨
E.g.: Euglena algae
rhizosa intcor Aspergillus
↓
↓
Repro.:Asexual- conidia/sporangiospores/zoospores
Penicillium
⑧
SLIME MOULDS Movels
Sexual-oospores,ascospores,basidiospores mould) ↑ Albugo
⑨
False fungi ⑪
Classification:based on mycelium,spore formation,fruiting (parasitic
& -
Saprophytic fungi Neurospora Truffles
fungus on
⑧
body
⑳
Suitable cond. :aggregation-plasmodium mustard) edible fungi
⑳
Unfavourable cond. :plasmodium diff. & form fruiting PHYCOMYCETES Salgal Fungi Mucor
. Lower fungi Basidiomycetes
.
bodies bearing spores at its tip
E.g.:Physarum Sporangiospores-produced endo. in sporangium
Deepak AIIMS
⑳ ⑳
PROTOZOANS
a
Zygospore ↓
D
E.g.:Rhizopus,Mucor,Albugo Basidio Ustilagoe Agaricus
Primitive relative of animals
(smut)V
(mushroom
⑨
ASCOMYCETES Aspergillus is
⑨
Amoeboid:fresh,sea & moist soil Sac Fungi
Marine forms have silica shell on their surface D
Decomposers or coprophilus Crust fungus)
E.g.:Entamoeba D
Branched and septate mycelium Deuteromycetes
⑧
Flagellated:free living or parasitic a
Conidia-exogenous
E.g.:Trypanosoma &
Ascospores-endogenous Jear Sir alternate salternaria
⑧
Ciliated:aquatic,cavity-gullet &
Asci arranged on fruiting body called ascocarp. tricks - trichoderma
E.g.:Paramoecium ⑨
E.g.:Aspergillus,Claviceps,Neurospora agenetic work
⑧
Sporozoans:infectious pore like stage Morels & truffles collect scolletotrichum
E.g.:Plasmodium
2018 Which of the following organisms are K/A chief
BASIDIOMYCETES sclub
Mushroom,bracket fungi,puffball
Fungi ive -
Agaricus
D
2024 Which one of the following is not a criterion for
producers in the ocean? ⑳
Asexual spore absent classification of fungi?
A)Dinoflagellates B)Diatoms
⑳
Sexual organ are absent A)morphology of mycelium
C)Cyanobacteria D)Euglenoids ⑨
Meiosis & karyogamy take place in basidium B)mode of nutrition
· Fruiting body-basidiocarps
E.g.:Agaricus,Ustilago,Puccinia
C)mode of spore formation
Ans:Diatoms D)fruiting body
=>
Ans:mode of nutrition
NOTES specially made
Deepak Sahu
BY AIIMS TOPPERS AIR 5 (NEET 2021), AIIMS DELHI
I
Viruses
Acellular,inert crystalline str.
·Host specific
Obligate parasites
M.W. Bijerinek-coined the term 'virus'
& called fluid contagious vivum
D.J. Ivanowsky-virus smaller than bacteria
·
W.M. Stanley(1935)-crystallised virus
No virus have both DNA & RNA
Protein coat-capsid
Each unit-capsomere
Symptoms in plants-mosaic formation,leaf rolling & curling
yellowing & vein clearing,dwarfing & stunted growth
=>
Viroids
Smaller than virus
T.O. Diener(1971)-potato spindle tuber
Infectious RNA of low molecular weight
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Lacks protein coat
Prions
Similar in size to virus
· Disease- Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy(BSE) also K/A
mad cow disease
Cr-Jacob disease(CJD) in humans
Lichens
&
Symbiotic association b/w algae & fungi
·
Do not grow in polluted areas
2022 Mad cow disease in cattle & Cr Jacob disease in
humans are due to infection by
A)prion B)bacterium
C)virus D)viroid
Ans:prion
NOTES specially made
Deepak Sahu
BY AIIMS TOPPERS AIR 5 (NEET 2021), AIIMS DELHI