CH: 5

Principles of Inheritance and Variation

MCQs

1. When ‘Aa’ is crossed with ‘aa’, (A is dominant over a)

(a) all the offspring will have dominant phenotype.
(b) all the offspring will have recessive phenotype.
(c) 50% of offspring will have dominant phenotype and 50% will have recessive phenotype.
(d) 75% of offspring will have dominant phenotype and 50% will have recessive phenotype.

Answer C

2. A heterozygous violet-flowered pea plant is crossed to another homozygous violet- flowered pea
plant. What percent of the progeny plants will have the recessive trait, i.e., white flowers?
(a) 0%
(b) 25%
(c) 50%
(d) 75%

Answer A

3. From a cross AABb x aaBb, the genotypes AaBB : AaBb : Aabb will be obtained in the ratio
(a) 1:1:2
(b) 1:2:1
(c) 2:1:1
(d) 2:1:2

Answer

4. The possibility of all genotypes of offspring in a genetic cross is calculated by a graphical

representation which was developed by
(a) Komberg
(b) T.H. Morgan
(c) Gregor Mendel
(d) Reginald Punnett

Answer

5. A woman with normal vision has a colour blind father. She marries a colour blind man. What
proportion of their children will be colour blind?
(a) 0%
(b) 25%
(c) 50%
(d) 100%

Answer
6. Study the pedigree chart given

Select the correct option about the conclusion.

(a) It is a sex-linked recessive trait.
(b) It is an autosomal recessive trait.
(c) It is an autosomal dominant trait.
(d) It is a sex-linked dominant trait.

Answer

7. Mother and father of a person with ‘O’ blood group have ‘A’ and ‘B’ blood group respectively.
What would be the genotype of both mother and father? [NCERT Exemplar]
(a) Mother is homozygous for ‘A’ blood group and father is heterozygous for ‘B’.
(b) Mother is heterozygous for ‘A’ blood group and father is homozygous for ‘B’.
(c) Both mother and father are heterozygous for ‘A’ and ‘B’ blood group, respectively.
(d) Both mother and father are homozygous for ‘A’ and ‘B’ blood group, respectively.

Answer

8. The inheritance pattern of a gene over generations among humans is studied by the pedigree
analysis. Character studied in the pedigree analysis is equivalent to: [NCERT Exemplar]
(a) Quantitative trait.
(b) Mendelian trait.
(c) Polygenic trait.
(d) Maternal trait.

Answer

9. Occasionally, a single gene may express more than one effect. The phenomenon is called: [NCERT
Exemplar]
(a) multiple allelism
(b) mosaicism
(c) pleiotropy
(d) polygeny.

Answer

10. Conditions of a karyotype 2n ± 1 and 2n ± 2 are called: [NCERT Exemplar]

(a) Aneuploidy
(b) Polyploidy
(c) Allopolyploidy
(d) Monosomy.

Answer
11. If a genetic disease is transferred from a phenotypically normal but carrier female to only some
of the male progeny, the disease is: [NCERT Exemplar]
(a) Autosomal dominant
(b) Autosomal recessive
(c) Sex-linked dominant
(d) Sex-linked recessive.

Answer
12. In a dihybrid cross, if you get 9:3:3:1 ratio it denotes that: [NCERT Exemplar]
(a) The alleles of two genes are interacting with each other.
(b) It is a multigenic inheritance.
(c) It is a case of multiple allelism.
(d) The alleles of two genes are segregating independently.

Answer
13. In sickle cell anaemia glutamic acid is ’» replaced by valine. Which one of the following triplets
codes for valine? [NCERT Exemplar]
(a) G G G
(b) A A G
(c) G A A
(d) G U G

Answer

14. Which of the following traits studied by Mendel in garden pea is a dominant trait?
(a) Terminal flowers.
(b) Inflated pod.
(c) Green colour of seed.
(d) Yellow colour of pod.

Answer

15. If a haemophilic woman marries a normal man,

(a) all their children will be normal.
(b) all their sons will be haemophilic.
(c) all their daughters will be haemophilic.
(d) 50% sons and 50% daughters will be haemophilic.

Answer

16. Trisomy of 21 st chromosome in a male, leads to ______ syndrome.

Answer/Explanation

17. Sex chromosome complement of a female bird is ______ .

Answer/Explanation
18. If three children in a family have blood groups O, AB and A, the genotypes of the parents must be
_____ and ____ .

Answer/Explanation

19. Mendel’s law of ______ explains the expression of only one form of the trait in F, hybrid.

Answer/Explanation

20. XO chromosomal abnormality in humans _______ causes syndrome.

Answer/Explanation

21._____ Was the first to observe the X-chromosome in a few insects.

Answer/Explanation

22. The physical association between two genes on a chromosome, is termed as _____ by Morgan.

Answer/Explanation

23. Female heterogamety is observed in

Answer/Explanation

24. Cystic fibrosis and haemophilia are examples of disorders.

Answer/Explanation

25. In sickle-cell anaemia, the amino acid, glutamic acid is substituted by in the beta chain of
haemoglobin.

Answer/Explanation

26. Match the items in Column I with those in Column II.

Column I Column II

A. ABO blood group in humans. 1. Polygenic inheritance.

 B. Flower colour snapdragon. 2. Mendelian genetic disorder.

C. Human skin colour. 3. Sex-linked Mendelian disorder

D. Phenyl – ketonuria. 4. Incomplete dominance

5. Multiple allelism.

Answer/Explanation

Column I Column II

A. XO 1. Human male

B. XX 2. Male bird

C. XY 3. Male grasshopper

D. ZZ 4. Female Drosophila

5, Female bird

27. Match the sex-chromosome complements in Column I with the male/female organisms in
Column II.
Answer/Explanation

28. The recessive trait appears only under homozygous condition. [True/False]

Answer/Explanation

29. The phenotype of the F1 hybrid resembles the dominant parent, when there is incomplete
dominance. [True/False]

Answer/Explanation

30. The cross between the F1 hybrid with a homozygous dominant individual, is called a test cross.
[True/False]

Answer/Explanation

31. Mendel could not have framed the law of independent assortment, if the genes he had studied,
showed linkage. [True/False]

Answer/Explanation

32. 9:3 :3 :1 is the genotypic ratio of a Mendelian dihybrid cross. [True/False]

Answer/Explanation

Directions (Q33 to Q35): Mark the odd one in each of the following groups.

33. Phenyl ketonuria, Sickle-cell anaemia, Cystic fibrosis, Colourblindness

Answer/Explanation

34. Inflated pods, Terminal flowers, Yellow seeds, Green pods (all in garden pea).

Answer/Explanation

35. Turner’s syndrome, Klinefelter’s syndrome, Down’s syndrome, Haemophilia.

Answer/Explanation

36. Define inheritance.

Answer/Explanation

37. What is genetics?

Answer/Explanation

38. What are true-breeding lines that are used to study inheritance pattern of traits in plants? [Delhi
2014]

Answer/Explanation

39. List any two characters of pea plants used by Mendel in his experiments, other than height of the
plant and colour of the seed. [Delhi 2017C]

Answer/Explanation

40. Name two contrasting pod-related traits studied by Mendel, in pea plant experiments. [AI 2011C]

Answer/Explanation

41. Mention two contrasting flower-related traits studied by Mendel in pea plant experiments. [AI
2011C]

Answer/Explanation

42. Mention any two contrasting traits with respect to seeds in pea plants that were studied by
Mendel. [AI 2014]

Answer/Explanation

43. What is the proof for or what indicates that the characters Mendel studied did not show
blending? [HOTS]

Answer/Explanation

44. What is meant by blending inheritance?

Answer/Explanation

45. State a difference between a gene and an allele. [Delhi 2016]

Answer/Explanation

46. What is meant by genotype?

Answer/Explanation

47. What is phenotype?

Answer/Explanation

48. Mention the type of allele which expresses itself only in homozygous condition in an organism.
[Foreign 2011]

Answer/Explanation

49. What is a monohybrid cross?

Answer/Explanation

50. Why is a plant with genotype Tt referred to as heterozygous? [HOTS]

Answer/Explanation

51. State the fate of a pair of autosomes during gamete formation. [Delhi 2017]

Answer/Explanation

52. British geneticist R.C. Punnett developed a graphical representation of a genetic cross called
‘Punnett Square’. Mention the possible result this representation predicts of the genetic cross
carried. [Delhi 2019]

Answer/Explanation

53. Write the percentage of the pea plants that would be homozygous recessive in the F 2 generation,
when tall F1 heterozygous pea plants are selfed. [Delhi 2012C]

Answer/Explanation

54. Write the percentage of the pea plants that would be heterozygous tall in the F 2 generation,
when the tall heterozygous F1 pea plants are selfed. [Delhi 2012C]

Answer/Explanation

55. Write the percentage of F2 homozygous and heterozygous populations in a typical monohybrid
cross. [Foreign 2010]

Answer/Explanation

56. When a tall pea plant was self-pollinated, one-fourth of the progeny were dwarf. Give the
genotype of the parent and the dwarf progenies. [HOTS]

Answer/Explanation
57. A garden pea plant
(A) produced inflated, yellow pods and another plant
(B) of the same species produced constricted, green pods. Identity the dominant traits. [Delhi 2012]

Answer/Explanation

58. A garden pea plant produced axial violet flowers. Another of the same species produced terminal
violet flowers. Identify the dominant traits. [AI2012]

Answer/Explanation

59. A garden pea plant produced round, green seeds. Another of the same species produced
wrinkled, yellow seeds. Identify the dominant traits. [Foreign 2012]

Answer/Explanation

60. Write the possible genotypes Mendel got, when he crossed F1 tall pea plant with a dwarf pea
plant. [Foreign 2012; HOTS]

Answer/Explanation

61. Mendel observed two kinds of ratios, 3 : 1 and 1 : 2 : 1, in the F2 generation in his experiments
on garden pea. Name these two ratios respectively.

Answer/Explanation

62. Name the type of cross that would help to find the genotype of a pea plant bearing violet
flowers. [AI 2017]

Answer/Explanation

63. In a test cross progeny of pea plants, all were bearing violet flowers. Give the genotypes of the
parent pea plants. [AI 2012 C; HOTS]

Answer/Explanation

64. Why in a test cross, did Mendel cross a tall pea plant with a dwarf pea plant only? [Foreign 2012;
HOTS]

Answer/Explanation

65. A cross was carried out between two pea plants showing the contrasting traits of height of the
plant. The result of the cross showed 50% of parental characters. Name the type of cross. [CBSE
Sample Paper 2018]
Answer/Explanation

66. Name and state the law of Mendel, which explains the expression of only one of the parental
characters in the F, progeny of a monohybrid cross. [HOTS]

Answer/Explanation

67. Which law of inheritance of Mendel, is universally acceptable without any exception? State the
law. [CBSE Sample Paper 2010; HOTS]

Answer/Explanation

68. Name the type of inheritance in which the genotypic ratio is the same as the phenotypic ratio.
Also give the ratio.

Answer/Explanation

69. Name any one plant and its feature that shows the phenomenon of incomplete dominance.

Answer/Explanation

70. Give an example of a plant, where the F2 progeny of a monohybrid cross has the same genotypic
and phenotypic ratios. [Delhi 2016C]

Answer/Explanation

71. Name the respective pattern of inheritance, where Ft phenotype

(a) does not resemble either of the two parents and is in between the two;
(b) resembles only one of the two parents. [AI 2012]

Answer/Explanation

72. Write the technical term used in human ABO blood groups for IA, IB and i. [Delhi 2016C]

Answer/Explanation

73. The gene I that controls the ABO blood grouping in human beings, has three alleles, IA, IB and i.
(a) How many different genotypes are likely to be present in the human population?
(b) Also, how many phenotypes are possibly present? [CBSE Sample Paper 2016]

Answer/Explanation

74. Write the codominant alleles in the ABO blood group characteristic of humans.

Answer/Explanation
75. How many kinds of phenotypes would you expect in the F2 generation in a monohybrid cross,
exhibiting codominance? [Delhi 2014]

Answer/Explanation

76. Multiple allelism can be investigated only in populations. Justify. [HOTS]

Answer/Explanation

77. How is pleiotropy exemplified in Drosophila?

Answer/Explanation

78. What is a dihybrid cross?

Answer/Explanation

79. AaBb was crossed with aabb. What would be the phenotypic ratio of the progeny? Mention the
term used to denote this kind of cross. [CBSE Sample Paper 2010]

Answer/Explanation

80. A geneticist interested in studying variations and patterns of inheritance in living beings prefers
to choose organisms for experiments with shorter life cycle. Provide a reason. [Delhi 2015]

Answer/Explanation

81. Define linkage.

Answer/Explanation

82. In a dihybrid cross carried out by T.H. Morgan in Drosophila, the F2 ratio deviated from that of
Mendel’s dihybrid F22 ratio. Give a reason. [AI 2016C]
Or
Why do certain genes tend to be inherited together in a cell at the time of cell division? [HOTS]
Or
If the frequency of a parental form is higher than 25% in a dihybrid test cross, what does that
indicate about the two genes involved? [HOTS]

Answer/Explanation

83. Morgan et al found that even on the same chromosome, recombination between some gene
pairs was higher than that between some other gene pairs. Give reason for this observation.
Answer/Explanation

84. If two genes are located far apart from each other, on a chromosome, how will the frequency of
recombination get affected? [CBSE Sample Paper 2017,15]

Answer/Explanation

85. Mention any two traits present on the X-chromosome of Drosophila.

Answer/Explanation

86. Mention the contribution of genetic maps in human genome project. [AI 2011]

Answer/Explanation

87. Do you think Mendel’s laws of inheritance would have been different if the characters he chose
were located on the same chromosome? Why? [HOTS]

Answer/Explanation

88. Give an example of a polygenic trait in humans. [Delhi 2016C]

Answer/Explanation

89. Who suggested polygenic inheritance for the first time?

Answer/Explanation

90. Give two examples of polygenic inheritances from plants.

Answer/Explanation

91. Write the phenotypic ratio of the F2 progeny of a cross, involving polygenic trait controlled by
three separate genes.

Answer/Explanation

92. On what basis is skin colour in humans considered polygenic? [AI 2015C]

Answer/Explanation

93. Who first observed the X-chromosome? What was it called then?

Answer/Explanation
 94. What are autosomes?

Answer/Explanation

95. Why is X-chromosome called sex chromosome?

Answer/Explanation

96. Give an example where

(a) males are XO and
(b) females are ZW.

Answer/Explanation

97. Theeggofan animal contains 10 chromosomes, of which one is X-chromosome. How many
autosomes would there be, in the karyotype of this animal? [HOTS]

Answer/Explanation

98. Give an example of an organism that exhibits haplodiploid sex determination system. [AI 2016C]

Answer/Explanation

99. In a certain group of insects, some have 17 chromosomes and some have 18 chromosomes.
Write about the gender of these two types of insects.

Answer/Explanation

100. How many chromosomes do drones of honeybee possess? Name the type of cell division
involved in the production of sperms by them. [AI 2015]

Answer/Explanation

We hope the given Biology MCQs for Class 12 with Answers Chapter 5 Principles of Inheritance and
Variation will help you. If you have any query regarding CBSE Class 12 Biology Principles of
Inheritance and Variation MCQs Pdf, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the
earliest.

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