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Inorganic Chemistry Notes for NEET

The document provides comprehensive notes on inorganic chemistry for NEET UG, covering key topics such as periodic trends, chemical bonding, hydrogen, s-block, p-block, d-block, and f-block elements, coordination compounds, environmental chemistry, and qualitative analysis. It includes important properties, examples, and trends relevant to each topic, along with quick revision tips for effective exam preparation. The notes emphasize the significance of understanding concepts and practicing past questions for success in the NEET examination.

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433 views6 pages

Inorganic Chemistry Notes for NEET

The document provides comprehensive notes on inorganic chemistry for NEET UG, covering key topics such as periodic trends, chemical bonding, hydrogen, s-block, p-block, d-block, and f-block elements, coordination compounds, environmental chemistry, and qualitative analysis. It includes important properties, examples, and trends relevant to each topic, along with quick revision tips for effective exam preparation. The notes emphasize the significance of understanding concepts and practicing past questions for success in the NEET examination.

Uploaded by

stardustdribbler
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© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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INORGANIC CHEMISTRY NOTES - NEET

UG

[Link] Table & Periodicity


Important Trends:

Property Trend Down Group Trend Across Period


Atomic Radius ↑ ↓
Ionization Energy ↓ ↑
Electronegativity ↓ ↑
Electron Affinity ↓ ↑
Metallic Character ↑ ↓

Key Points:

 Atomic size: Alkali metals > Halogens


 Ionization energy highest: Noble gases
 Electron affinity highest: Chlorine
 Electronegativity highest: Fluorine

[Link] Bonding
Types of Bonds:

 Ionic: Electrostatic attraction (NaCl)


 Covalent: Sharing of electrons (H₂O)
 Coordinate: Lone pair donation (NH₄⁺)

VSEPR Theory:

Electron Pair Geometry Shape Examples


2 Linear BeCl₂
3 Trigonal Planar BF₃
4 Tetrahedral CH₄
5 Trigonal Bipyramidal PCl₅
Electron Pair Geometry Shape Examples
6 Octahedral SF₆

Hybridization:

Hybridization Shape Example


sp Linear BeCl₂
sp² Trigonal Planar BF₃
sp³ Tetrahedral CH₄

Molecular Orbital Theory (O₂ is paramagnetic).

[Link]
 Isotopes: Protium (¹H), Deuterium (²H), Tritium (³H)
 Hydrides: Ionic (NaH), Covalent (NH₃), Metallic (TiH₂)
 Water: Structure bent; strong hydrogen bonding.
 Heavy Water (D₂O): Used as moderator in nuclear reactors.
 Hydrogen Peroxide (H₂O₂): Acts as oxidizing and reducing agent.

[Link] s-Block Elements (Group 1 & 2)


Group 1: Alkali Metals

 Soft, highly reactive.


 Stored in kerosene.
 React with water → alkali + H₂ gas.
 Flame colors: Li (crimson red), Na (yellow), K (violet), Rb (red violet), Cs (blue).

Group 2: Alkaline Earth Metals

 Less reactive than alkali metals.


 Be & Mg form covalent compounds.
 CaO (quicklime) used in cement.

Important Compounds:

 Na₂CO₃ (Washing soda)


 NaHCO₃ (Baking soda)
 CaCO₃ (Limestone)
[Link] p-Block Elements
Group 13 (Boron Family):

 Boron - metalloid.
 Al - amphoteric oxide.
 B₂H₆ - electron deficient, dimer of BH₃.

Group 14 (Carbon Family):

 C → allotropes: diamond, graphite.


 Si - semiconductors.

Group 15 (Nitrogen Family):

 N₂: triple bond, inert.


 NH₃: pyramidal, H-bonding.
 P: allotropes - white, red, black.

Group 16 (Oxygen Family):

 O₂: paramagnetic.
 O₃: strong oxidizing agent.

Group 17 (Halogens):

 F₂ strongest oxidizing agent.


 HCl, HBr, HI: acid strength ↑ down group.

Group 18 (Noble Gases):

 Inert gases.
 Used in lighting, MRI, anesthesia.

[Link] d-Block Elements (Transition Elements)


 Variable oxidation states.
 Colored compounds due to d-d transitions.
 Catalytic properties (V₂O₅, Fe, Pt).

Important Ions:
 Mn²⁺ (pale pink)
 Cr³⁺ (green)
 Fe³⁺ (yellow-brown)
 Cu²⁺ (blue)

[Link] f-Block Elements


Lanthanides (4f):

 +3 oxidation state common.


 Lanthanide contraction.

Actinides (5f):

 Radioactive.
 Variable oxidation states.

[Link] Compounds
Key terms:

 Ligand: Ion/molecule donating electron pair.


 Coordination number: No. of bonds to central atom.
 Chelates: Multidentate ligands.

Isomerism:

 Geometrical (cis-trans)
 Optical (mirror images)

Nomenclature:

 [Co(NH₃)₆]Cl₃ → Hexaamminecobalt(III) chloride.

Werner’s Theory:

 Primary valency (ionisable)


 Secondary valency (non-ionisable, coordination number)
[Link] Chemistry
Air Pollutants:

 CO, NOx, SO₂, particulate matter.


 Ozone layer depletion (CFCs).

Water Pollution:

 BOD, COD, eutrophication.

Green Chemistry:

 Prevention of waste.
 Atom economy.

[Link] Analysis (Salt Analysis)


Cations:

 Group I: Ag⁺, Pb²⁺, Hg₂²⁺ (Cl⁻ ppt)


 Group II: Cu²⁺, Bi³⁺, Cd²⁺ (H₂S ppt acidic)
 Group III: Fe³⁺, Al³⁺, Cr³⁺ (NH₄OH ppt)
 Group IV: Zn²⁺, Mn²⁺, Ni²⁺, Co²⁺ (H₂S ppt basic)
 Group V: Ba²⁺, Sr²⁺, Ca²⁺ (carbonate group)
 Group VI: Mg²⁺, NH₄⁺ (soluble)

Anions:

 CO₃²⁻: Effervescence with acid.


 SO₄²⁻: BaCl₂ white ppt.
 NO₃⁻: Brown ring test.

👉 Quick Revision Tips for NEET:

 Focus on NCERT.
 Memorize periodic trends.
 Practice salt analysis logic.
 Revise formulae & structures.
 Practice past year questions

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