EEE1001
ELECTRIC CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS
Module 1 – Tutorial
Dr. Arindam Dutta
Assistant Professor
School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
VIT Bhopal
Email: arindamdutta@[Link]
Cabin: C-509
Tutorial
Q1: Using star–delta transformations calculate the equivalent resistance of the network between terminals A
and B. All resistances are in Ohms.
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Q2: Find the voltage drop across the 10 Ω resistor in the network.
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Q3: Calculate the equivalent resistance between the terminals A and B.
Req = 7.5 Ω
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Q4: Calculate the total current supplied by the battery.
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Q5: Calculate the equivalent resistance across A and B. What voltage is required to be applied across terminals AB so
that potential drop across the terminals A and P is 25 V?
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Q6: Determine the resistance of the equivalent star connection.
Q7: Find the resistance between terminal XY of the bridge circuit by using delta–star conversion.
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The resistances of the two parallel paths between N and D are 1 + 14 = 15 Ω and (2/3) + 10 = 32/3 Ω.
Req
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Q8: Find the resistance between terminals A and B using Δ–Y transformation.
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Q9: For the circuit, calculate the current flowing through the 5 Ω resistor by using the nodal method.
Let VA and VB be the potentials at node A and node B, respectively. Let the reference node be at C.
By KCL:
(as potential of point B with respect to C is –8 V)
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Therefore:
Therefore, current through the 5 Ω resistor:
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Q10: Calculate the current flowing through the 8 Ω resistor by using nodal method in the network.
Let VA and VB be the potential of nodes at A and B, respectively. Point C is considered as the reference node.
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Therefore,
Considering currents at node B,
Therefore, required current,
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Q11: Use nodal analysis to determine the current flowing through the various branches. All resistances are in
Ohms.
(The directions of the currents
in the circuit are already given
in the question)
I4 = I3 – I5 = – 0.04 – 0.02 = – 0.06 A
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Q12: Use nodal analysis to determine the current flowing through the various branches.
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Q13: Determine current through 6 Ω resistance connected across the terminals A and B.
Req = 4 + (3 ×6 ) / (3 + 6) = 6 Ω
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Q14: Calculate the current through each battery and through the load.
Solving,
Total current:
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Q15: Calculate the current through the galvanometer.
4Ω
Solving the three equations we get: I1 = 30/44 A; I2 = 17/44 A; and I3 = 1/44 A
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Q16: Using nodal analysis determine the current supplied by each battery and the
load current.
Taking node C as a reference node and potential of nodes A and B be VA and VB
and current distribution
A=
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Q17: Find voltages of nodes B and C and determine current through the 8 Ω resistor.
Let the reference point be at 0 which is taken at zero potential.
By applying KCL at node B we get
By applying KCL at node C we get
Solving,
Current through 8 Ω resistor = I2 = VB/8 = 7.013/8 = 0.877 A.
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Q18: Determine current through 6 Ω resistance connected across the terminals A and B.
Remove load resistance through which current is required to be calculated.
VOC = VCD = 12 V
Equivalent resistance =
Current through the load =
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Q19: The battery has an EMF of 2 V and negligible internal resistance. Using Thevenin’s
theorem, determine the value and direction of the current in the galvanometer circuit BD.
Remove the load resistance of 40 Ω between terminals B and D. Calculate VBD as VOC.
VOC
Since point B is at a higher potential than point D, IL of 11.45 mA will flow from B to D.
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Q20: In the circuit shown below, find the branch current I2 which will flow through RL, when RL is taken as 5 Ω,
15 Ω, and 50 Ω, respectively.
Remove load resistance and draw the circuit as shown. Calculate the current
flowing in the circuit applying KVL in the loop ABCDEA as,
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Q21: Calculate current through a 1,000 Ω resistor connected between terminals A and B.
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Q22: Calculate using Thevenin’s theorem the current flowing through the 5
Ω resistor connected across the terminals A and B.
Convert current source of 6 A connected across the 2 Ω resistor and
remove load resistance.
Applying KVL in the loop: 15 – 4I -2I -12 = 0 => I = 0.5 A.
VOC = VAB = +12 + 2 × 0.5 = 13 V
The equivalent resistance across terminals A and B is calculated by short
circuiting the voltage sources. The equivalent resistance is equal to 4.33 Ω.
Point C is at a higher potential than point D. Hence point A is at a higher
potential than point B. Current through load resistor will flow from A to B.
Current through the load = 13 / (4.33 + 5) A = 1.39 A
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Q23: Using Thevenin’s theorem calculate the current flowing through the load resistance RL connected
across the terminals A and B.
First, we remove RL from the circuit and calculate VOC across A and B
I = 24 / (4 + 8) A = 2 A
Voltage drop across PQ is equal to IR = 2 × 8 = 16 V. Terminal P is at higher potential than terminal Q. No
current is flowing through the 3 Ω and 5 Ω resistors in the circuit because these are open circuited. The
potential of A w.r.t. B is calculated starting from point B as
= VOC = 0 + 16 + 0 – 12 = 4 V
27
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For calculating Req, we short circuit the sources of EMFs as:
Req =RAB = 10.67 Ω
Thevenin’s equivalent circuit and current through the load resistor is calculated as
I = 4 / (10.67 + 10) A = 0.193 A 28
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Q24: Calculate the value of load resistance RL for which
maximum power transfer will occur from source to load. Also
calculate the value of maximum power and power transfer
efficiency.
We will apply the procedure for determining Thevenin’s equivalent network. Open-circuit voltage across
terminals A and B is first calculated by removing RL as
Since all the three 6 Ω resistors are in parallel, the circuit further
gets reduced to
I = 12 / (4 + 2) = 2 A
VOC = IR = 2 × 2 = 4 V
Rth = 4 × 2 / (4 + 2) = 4/3 Ω
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Thevenin’s Equivalent Circuit
For maximum power transfer, RL = 4/3 Ω
PL (max) = E2 / 4 RL = 42 / (4 × 4/3) W = 3 W
Percent efficiency = 50%
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Q25: Apply Norton’s theorem to determine the current flowing through the resistance of 6 Ω connected across
the terminals A and B. Also calculate the potential of point A. What will be the current through the 6 Ω
resistor across AK?
After removing the 6 Ω resistor across A and B, we short circuit the terminals and determine Isc due to the
current source and also due to the voltage source and then add them to find their combined effect.
Isc = (5 + 2) A = 7 A
For the current source For the voltage source
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Equivalent resistance across A and B is determined by open circuiting the current source and short circuiting
the voltage source.
Req = (6 × 4) / (6 + 4) = 2.4 Ω
Norton’s equivalent circuit: I = 7 × 2.4 / (2.4 + 6) A = 2 A
The potential of A w.r.t. B = 6 × 2 = 12 V. Since potential across A and B is 12 V and the potential of K w.r.t.
B is again 12 V, no current will flow through the resistor connected between A and K.