INSTRUMENTS
Dr Priyanka R Rathod
(PG-Sch)
AMBU BAG (SELF INFLATING BAG)
MECHANISM OF VENTILATION WITH AMBU BAG
A one-person technique requires the “E-C seal” method where the first and second digits
form a “C” over the mask with the thumb pressing down by the nasal bridge, the second
digit over the bottom of the mask by the mouth, and your remaining three digits forming an
“E” over the mandible to hold the mask tight.
In a two-person technique, the second rescuer squeezes the bag while the first rescuer
uses the same E-C technique with both hands.
USES
• In resuscitation for giving intermittent positive pressure ventilation.
LARYNGOSCOPE
Straight blade (Miller) <8 yrs of age
Curved blade (Macintosh)>8 yrs of age
ENDOTRACHEAL TUBE
• The ET tube has the following components.
• Proximal end: 15 mm adapter (connector) which fits to a ventilator or Ambu Bag.
• Central Portion: Has:
• A Vocal Cord Guide (black line) which should be placed at the level of the opening of vocal cords so that
the tip of the ET tube is positioned above the bifurcation of trachea.
• A Radio-opaque marker which is essential for accurate visualisation of the position of the ET tube within
the trachea by means of an X-ray.
• A distance indicator (marked in centimeters) which facilitates placement of ET tube. A Cuff: in case of
cuffed ET tube.
• Distal end: Has Murphy’s eye (opening in the lateral wall) which prevents complete blockage of ET tube
in case the distal end is impacted with secretions, blood, etc.
PHOTOTHERAPY
Double surface phototherapy
Single surface phototherapy
Special Blue lights are used with
wavelength of 425-475nm
INFANT FEEDING TUBE
No.5 – 12 commonly used in pediatrics.
Procedure→
The approximate length that the tube should be inserted can
be measured by adding the distance from the nose to the
tragus to the distance from the tragus to the xiphoid.
After inserting the tube & removing the stomach contents via
a syringe, the tube is fixed with the help of an adhesive tape.
SCALP VEIN NEEDLE
No.22 to 24 used in children
Uses→
Venipuncture for:
Collection of blood
Infusion of IV fluids, drugs, blood, etc.
IV CANNULA
No.22 & 24 used in children
The advantages of IV canula over the scalp vein needle are:
Being plastic in nature, the IV canula does not damage the
endothelium of the vein → hence it is longer-lasting than
the scalp vein.
The plastic sheath being flexible can be inserted into thin &
tortous veins easily (whereas the scalp vein being metallic
& rigid would pierce these veins).
INTRAVENOUS SET
Uses
Administration of IV fluids.
Administration of drugs (via IV infusion).
Administration of TPN (Total parenteral nutrition)
Administration of blood.
METERED DOSE INHALER
Uses
Treatment of acute attack of asthma.
Maintenance therapy for prevention of repeated
attacks of asthma.
TONGUE DEPRESSOR
Uses
>To examine the gag reflex.
> To examine the pharynx, oral cavity & tonsils.
> To examine the movements of the palate & the uvula.
Spatula test – To test for the spasm of the mas- seter muscles in a
suspected Tetanus case by trying to insert the tongue depressor in
between the teeth.
FOLEY’S CATHETER
To monitor urine output in shock or renal
failure.
To differentiate anuria from retention.
B For incontinence of urine.
To give bladder washes (in Cystitis).