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Challenges in Computer Science

Article in International Journal of Engineering Research and · September 2012

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[Meena, 1(7): Sep., 2012] ISSN: 2277-9655
2277

IJESRT
INTERNATIONAL JOURNA
JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES
ENCES & RESEARCH
TECHNOLOGY
Challenges In Computer Science
Science-A Review
S. Divya Meena
School of Information Technology and Engineering, India
VIT University, Vellore., India
divyameena.s2010@[Link]
Abstract
This paper presents the connection between Computer Science and other fields of Computer Science and it provides
some of the challenges in these fields. Here theory plays an Impact in tthe
he connection between these fields.

Keywords: Computer Science, Networking, Computer Architecture, Operating System, Data Base System,
Software Engineering, Object Oriented Programming Language.

Introduction
Problems in computer science are considered Networking and Software Engineering face same
unsolved when a particular expert or several experts problems in terms of Communication. But
in the field disagree about a solution to a problem. Networking being relatively simple in terms of
Theoretical Computer Science (TCS) is the “science” Communication Protocols have some better means to
underlying the field of computing, i.e. it is the overcome the problem. One such possibility is using
scientific
ntific foundation of Computing. Theory is an I/O Automata. Specifying, constructing and verifying
essential part of almost everything we do today in the communication protocols are mostly done by hand.
field of computing. It is a guiding light for almost all The main challenge here is to Automate the process
models. Using theory, we can better understand the of Constructing, verifying the communication
model and by that we can provide solution to Protocols rather than doing manually.
Challenges. ii) Routing Protocols:
In this paper, we shall discuss few challenges in OSPF and MPLS are the two routing protocols used
Computer Field. Though the solutions are not on Internet for Congestion control and node failure
provided here, I hope that these challenges can be recovery. However, as both the protocols requires
faced easily once the theory behind it is understood. more control, the communication between routers
and the computation increases. This introduces
Principal behind Theory scalability
y problems, a problem currently addressed
Using the following basicsic principle, Theory can be by splitting the network into sub--areas and restricting
better understood. the routes between the sub-areas.
areas.
i). Find the Abstract: So, the challenge here is to develop better routing
By avoiding the irrelevant details, we get a precise mechanism that is real-time time adaptive. Indeed,
idea about the content. This can be then analyzed and network experts and operators
tors are quite doubtful of
modified based on the requirement. real-time
time adaptive routing protocols, based on
ii). Derive a Link: experiences of major “thrashing” when this was tried
Discover a link between the problem at hand and a in the early ARPANET.
similar previous problem. Once a link is established,
the similarities between them can be found. The ideas Challenges In Database
can then be transferred from the old model thus i). Data Storage:
paving a way for better understanding. As the database grows larger, the memory storage
With these two basic principles, theory behind any grows larger. Hence, memory hierarchy comes into
model can be well studied. picture. Here we need to more accurately model the
differing costs of accessing data and storing
Challenges In Networking intermediate results in cache, RAM, disk, tape, etc.
i) Communication Protocol Automata: when attempting to reduce the cost of executing
database queries.

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Technology
[Meena, 1(7): Sep., 2012] ISSN: 2277-9655

Here the Challenge is to invent new ways of Challenges In Software Engineering

executing queries on large-scale data, using i) Software Specification:
secondary-storage models of cost, and possibly Requirements make sure how well the software
develop parallel and distributed processing when system meets the user requirements. But they are ill-
available. specified in most of the cases because they are
written in informal natural language that is too long
ii). Query Optimization : and full of redundant and inconsistent standards.
Query Plan is the answer to a query. This is a detailed MSC (Message Sequence Chart) is a Precise formal
algorithm that is constructed from basic database methods for specifying desired behavior, but this do
operation such as Projection, Join, etc. Query can not have sufficient expressive power to completely
have any number of Query Plan based on SQL specify what we might want from a system. LSC
language. Query optimization is the process of (Live Sequence Chart) is a recently introduced
finding the most efficient plan. mechanism for adding expressivity, but it is not yet is
The challenge is to deal with complex operations and clear that they are exactly what are needed, nor is
to optimize the queries when sub-queries are from there currently any automatic way for going from an
variety of sources. informal specification to a formal one.
The Challenge is to devise formal specification
Challenges In Operating techniques for software systems that can adequately
i) File System Protection: express the functionality and behavior desired.
A set of Programs can be used as a source to gain ii) Automatic Transformation of Requirements to
access to confidential files. This keeps security at System Design:
stake. For example, both the owner of a mail and his The requirements talks about overall system
opponent can access the mail sent by owner. A mail behavior, whereas the system design specify how
program can be used by an opponent to gain access to they work and interact. They are usually represented
the mail sent by owner. Here, both have the same using State-Chart or other Automata-theoretic model.
access pattern. This problem will become even worse It is a long step from the first to the second.
as we increase our use and dependence on “mobile The Challenge is to design algorithms and tools for
code”. converting requirements into system designs and
The challenge is to model the secure execution of un- provide restrictions on what sorts of specifications
trusted code. Browsers currently attempt to do this, are allowed and what types of systems designs are
but the frequent reports of holes in their security allowed. By this we can save our time and work.
schemes suggest that better modeling and analysis are iii) Understanding Complex System:
needed. Software systems are usually built by designing
ii) Data Access Optimization: system architecture that consists of interdependent
For tasks that are performed by operating systems, parts. On ignoring some important design, the
the main bottleneck is the Response Time (times software tends to fail or run partially.
spend obtaining data from storage devices). To The challenge here is to develop a theory that can
improve the Response time efficiency, the layout of understand the incomplete programs. This theory
the Data has to be designed based on the often should provide the basis for testing and evaluating
encountered access method. designs that may be partially built.
The challenges are to model Automatic techniques iv)Transformation of System Design to Code:
for “optimal” dynamic rearrangement of data in Transforming a system design into code requires
response to access patterns and fast online reordering some programming language and this is simply
techniques for access requests so as to minimize viewed as High-level compilation task. This involves
overall latency, given a fixed data layout. the use of its own algorithm which is not clearly
studied.
Challenges In Computer Architecture The challenge here is to develop an Automatic
i) Exploiting Instruction Level Parallelism: Compilation technique that describes the algorithm
Recently developed processors exploit more and clearly and transform the design into code
more hardware for improving performance by a automatically. It is an area with many remaining
variety of ways, including instruction-level opportunities for theoreticians.
parallelism. v) Software System Query Language:
The real challenge here is to develop a processor that Modern software systems are difficult to understand
does not exploit the computer resources and to because of the complex entities. Existing software
develop an Algorithm in which the responsibility of system can be viewed as a Database in order to
programmer could be stated clearly. understand the Properties of system.

http: // [Link] (C) International Journal of Engineering Sciences & Research Technology[375-377]
 [Meena, 1(7): Sep., 2012] ISSN: 2277-9655

The challenge is to develop a Query Language like Conclusion

SQL that inquires about the existing software. Along In this paper, we discussed about the major
with, it should also develop a system that could challenges in different fields of computer Science.
devise algorithm for a given problem. This algorithm Perhaps, I shall write the possible solutions in my
can be used to answer the queries put forth by the next paperwork. These fundamental issues are
Query language developed for this. although at the core of the field; provide an
opportunity for the future generation. Finding a
Challenges In Object Oriented Programming solution for all these not only increases the
i) Simplification of Programming: understanding ability of subject at hand but also eases
In Object programming, control flow is secondary our work. Every Business Corporation, NGO, and
and data are primary. Its features are extremely useful government organization would like to create
in providing encapsulation and protection innovative solutions to real world problems. In the
mechanisms and promoting modularity and code modern world, knowledge creation would indeed
reuse. The current popular programming languages become the most important means for success and
are Java and C++.But, Programming language survival not only for an individual but also for a
theorists are ever exploring the structure and meaning company.
of such languages in the desire to simplify the
programming process. References
The challenge is develop means to understand the [1] Challenges in Theoretical Computer Science
semantics of objects, especially their interactions –Paperwork by Ed Clarke, David Harel,
with types. Anna Karlin, Gerard Holzmann, Daphne
ii) Way to Express Programming Language: Koller, Butler Lampson, Jeff Ullman, and
The set of definable functions on the integers is the Uzi Vishkin.
set of partial recursive functions in all programming [2] Database System Implementation, Prentice
language. However, most programmers make Hall, 1999,Garcia-Molina, Ullman, and
distinctions between languages. Some languages are Widom.
useful for quick programming of simple tasks while [3] Challenges at the Interface of Data Analysis,
others may be better for producing large-scale Computer Science and Optimization by
maintainable software systems. Gaul.W.A; Geyer Schulz.A Human
The challenge is to devise a way to express the Language Technology-Challenges for
programming language differences. One possible Computer Science and Linguistics by
way is by comparing the ability to localize program Vetulani.
design decisions. Another possible way is compare
languages according to the ability to express
operations on program modules.

Central Issue Of Computer

Protocol security:
For protocol security, simple strong formalisms can
be developed. Present formalism can just find bugs in
the protocols. There is no formalism that gives
protocol security.
The challenge is to develop automated tool for
verifying correctness of protocol. On developing such
formalism, we can avoid the problem of underlying
protocol’s security risks; avoid bugs during
implementation and hence resulting in software
security. In most cases, the current security notions
do not guarantee that security is preserved when
many instances of various protocols are executed
concurrently, a very real threat.

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