EVS PRACTICAL AND PROJECT REPORT FILE FOR [Link] (HONS.
)
FOR INTERNAL ASSESSMENT (2025)*
Nigam Jaiswal#, Shaheed Bhagat Singh Collge, New Delhi, India
Submitted to: Dr. Shyam Ranjan, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
Abstract significantly changes when examining CO2 emissions per
capita. This data reflects populous nations’ ongoing chal
Environmental practicums (or practical experiences)
lenges in managing their environmental impact.
offer numerous benefits to college students, both academi
cally and personally. Here are some key advantages:
Hands on Learning & Skill Development, Real world
application of classroom theories (e.g., ecology, conserva
tion, sustainability). Technical skills like water/soil testing,
GIS mapping, wildlife monitoring, and data analysis. Prob
lem solving abilities by addressing actual environmental
challenges. Career & Professional Growth Enhances em
ployability by providing practical experience valued by
employers. Networking opportunities with professionals,
NGOs, government agencies, and researchers. Personal
Development, boosts confidence through fieldwork, team
work, and leadership experience and encourages environ
mental stewardship by fostering a deeper connection to
[Link] (combining biology, chemistry, policy, etc.).
Social & Community Impact Promotes teamwork through
collaborative projects. Raises awareness about local and Figure 1: Top 10 countries with the highest carbon emis
global environmental issues. sions
Therefore, Environmental practicums provide a well Since 2000, developing countries contribution to the wold
rounded experience that enhances education, career global carbon emission has significantly increased and this
prospects, and personal growth while fostering a sense of could be mainly due to using fossil fuels like coal, gas and
responsibility toward sustainability.. oil to significant industrialization and population increase.
MY CARBON FOOTPRINT
Carbon footprint a measure of the amount of carbon
dioxide released into the atmosphere as a result of the activ
ities of a particular individual, organization, or community.
Carbon footprint is directly related to the amount of green
house gases into the atmosphere.
World top ten countries Carbon footprint Fig. 1 (Table 1)
emissions have skyrocketed to unprecedented levels since
2022, marking a staggering milestone of 371536.8 billion
tonnes. In 2023, projections indicate that emissions surged
by 1.1 per cent, culminating in an unprecedented peak of
37.55 gigatons of CO2, marking a new record in global
emission levels. In the face of this alarming figure, we
Figure 2: Annual CO2 emission overview of each country’s
must understand why and how these high emissions are
progression since 2000
produced. By examining the countries with the highest
carbon footprint, we can get a more focused understanding As a significant emitter of greenhouse gases, India is
of carbon emissions and examine how we can change and expected to play a critical role in global climate change
reduce the impact of these harmful emissions. According mitigation[1]. However, being a developing country start
to data from the World Population Review and the Global ing from a low emissions base, India needs to balance the
Carbon Project, China, the United States, and India top the perception of an energy deficient climate deal breaker. It
list of countries with the highest CO2 emissions in 2021 and is essential for India to look into effective pathways for
are still leading as of 2022. This isn’t surprising given their emission reduction without compromising on development.
large populations and industrial activities. However, the list Keeping the development agenda in the forefront, together
with eradicating poverty and commitment to follow a low
* Work supported by Shaheed Bhagat Singh College, DU, India carbon path to progress, India’s National Development
# swasti@[Link]
Council has communicated three numeric targets for 2030. of a private car. If you have no choice but to use a car,
India’s goal is to reduce overall emission intensity and im think about ride sharing instead of travelling individually.
prove the energy efficiency of its economy over time, and at If you’re buying a new or second hand car, opt for more en
the same time protect the vulnerable sectors of the economy vironmentally friendly electric vehicles if you can. Restrict
and segments of society. Carbon footprint is considered a your flights substantially and opt for direct flights whenever
benchmark for the quantification of a total set of greenhouse possible.
gases emitted from different sources that aid global climate 3: Change the diet pattern
change, which makes it significant to know how much is One of the best things you can do for our planet is to
contributed by a person. substantially increase the number of fruits and vegetables
Carbon footprint can be calculated through the follow you eat. Eating a healthy and balanced diet with a larger
ing equation: [2] that helps to calculate the total carbon proportion and a wide variety of plant based foods, only
budget[3] buying meat and fish from sustainable sources, and not
(1) wasting food, all help to protect our planet.
𝐸 = 𝐴 ∗ 𝐸F((∗ GWP)
E = emission in CO2 equivalent
A = activity data (in mass unit, MkJ)
EF = emission factor in kg CO2
GWP = Global warming potential
This above Eq. 1 applies as long as only CO2 emissions
are taken into account in the factors. If the emission factors
of individual greenhouse gases are given, the above formula
must be extended to include multiplication by the global
warming potential (GWP)
Based on the Eq. 1, I have calculated my carbon footprint
([Link] and following ob
servations were noted. My total carbon foot print is 6,4 tons
per year (Fig. 3). The obtained carbon footprint is high and
by adopting the following strategies this can be minimize. Figure 4: (Shyam 0000) annual ecological footprint
1: Reduce your energy use and switch to renewable Ecological Footprint: The ecological footprint, a measure
energy of human demand on nature, varies significantly by country,
As energy is primarily generated by the burning of fossil with nations like the US and China, having high footprints
fuels, one of the most important things to do is to reduce due to resource consumption and population size, while
energy consumption and to switch to renewable energy others like India and some European nations have lower
sources. Therefore, switching our home energy supply to a footprints per capita (Fig. 5.)
green energy plan or change to a 100% renewable energy
provider. Further, lower the fossil fuel dependence by in
stalling solar panels at home, buying a solar water heater or
using solar powered tech wherever possible.
2: Efficient energy utilization and switch to renewable
energy
Cycle or walk whenever possible, or use an electric bike
or scooter. Use public transport (bus, tram, train) instead
Figure 5: the top 10 countries with the highest ecological
footprint
Based on college ecological footprint practical, my calcu
lated ecological footprint is 2.4 earth and my current living
and consumption pattern will exhaust the resources on 30th
of May instead of end of the year. The best possible solution
Figure 3: (Shyam 0000) annual carbon footprint
Table 1: Top 10 highest carbon emitting countries have resulted in substantial augmentation of the geological
resources of coal and lignite.
Rank Country MtCO2 World CO2
As 1st April’2023 total updated geological coal and
Emission (%)
lignite resources of the country stand at 378.21 billion
1 China 12,667 32.88 tonnes and 47.36 billion tonnes respectively. An amount of
2 USA 5,057 12.6 16.8billion tonnes of coal and 1.16 billion tonnes of lignite
resources have been augmented in the year 2022 23
3 India 2830 6.99 Thus, India holds 107,727 million tons (MMst) of proven
4 Russia 2032 4.96 coal reserves as of 2016, ranking 5 in the world and ac
counting for about 9.45% of the world’s total coal reserves
5 Japan 1083 2.81
of 1,139,471 million tons (MMst).
6 Indonesia 729 1.8 India has proven reserves equivalent to 111.5 times its
7 Iran 691 1.78 annual consumption levels. This means tit has about 111
years of coal left (at current consumption levels and exclud
8 Germany 673 1.75 ing unproven reserves)Table 2.
9 Saudi Arabia 673 1.66
10 South Korea 636 1.53
to reduce ecological foot print can be to reduce your use
of single use plastics, opt for reusable containers, bags, and
bottles instead of disposable ones. Minimize food waste:
Plan your meals, store food properly, and compost food
scraps. Choose sustainable products: Look for products
with minimal packaging, made from recycled materials,
or produced ethically. Recycle responsibly: Ensure you’re
sorting your recyclables correctly and participating in your
local recycling program. Waste management: Implement
proper waste separation and designated disposal areas to
reduce landfill waste.
IDENTIFYING THE NATURAL
RESOURCES
Coal reserve of World and India
While countries need to phase out coal by 2040 to
achieve the Paris Agreement goal of limiting global warm
ing to 1.5ºC, consumption in key markets is forecast to
increase for the next few years and coal fired electricity
generation could hit a record in 2022, according to the Figure 6: Global coal reserver
International Energy Agency. China leads the consumption,
buying more than half of the global production and also
producing 50% of the world’s coal.
Although the country recently announced a plan to have
CO2 emissions peak before 2030 and achieve carbon neu
trality before 2060, it is still building coal power projects
elsewhere in the world, according to the Coal Finance
Tracker by EndCoal. Japan and South Korea are also still
strongly financing coal extraction in Southeast Asia.
According to the National Coal Inventory of 2023, pub
lished by Geological Survey of India based on resources
estimated by CMPDI, GSI, MECL, SCCL, and some
private/public entrepreneurs, a maximum depth of up to
1200m.; the total estimated coal reserve (resource) of India
is 378.21billion tonnes as of 01.04.2023.
With Continuous exploration efforts in 64 coal fields (45
Gondwana &19 Tertiary Coalfields) and 15 lignite fields
Figure 7: Global coal reserver on world atlas
Table 2: India’s Coal Reserve ([Link] SUSTAINABLE CAMPUS DESIGN
info/coal/india coal/)
Tons Global Rank Role of Artificial Intelligence
Coal Reserves 107,726,551,700 5th in the world AI offers many creative, disruptive, and potentially new
approaches, including the ability to combine several digital
Coal Production 761,662,038 2nd in the world technologies and apply them to sustainable development
Coal Consump 761,662,038 2nd in the world issues [6]. Indeed, the rapid growth of technology has
tion given rise to AI, offering many effective tools with signifi
cant potential to expedite advancements towards the SDGs.
Daily Deficit −204,626,654 With careful and ethical oversight, AI may contribute to a
Coal Imports 215,789,801 greener, more sustainable world, assisting in mitigating and
adapting to climate change.
Coal Exports 1,018,312
AI encompasses a diverse range of technologies such as
Net Imports 214,771,489 data analytics and predictive modelling, machine learning
(ML), deep learning, robotics, and more, providing the ca
Coal Mine: Jharia (Jharkhand) pacity to analyse extensive quantities of data (“Big Data”),
identify patterns, and generate intelligent decisions. Con
Jharia coal reserve [4, 5], The extent of JCM covers 280 sequently, these new software tools present considerable
km² of Jharkhand State, the northeastern province of India. potential for effectively tackling the complex sustainability
The coal fields are mainly distributed along the Damodar issues of growing urban regions, including resource man
river valley and pass through multiple local cities whose agement, transportation, energy efficiency, waste manage
economy mainly depend on the coal industry. a prominent ment, and social equity. By applying intelligent data driven
coal mining region in Jharkhand, India, offers a unique op decision making techniques while considering privacy and
portunity to study the interplay between natural resources, other ethical issues, AI may improve how cities and
human activity, and environmental impact. Using Google communities are planned, developed, and governed while
Earth, we can visually analyze the distribution of coal re optimizing resource allocation and enhancing the quality of
serves, observe the impact of mining activities, and identify life for all residents. AI may support low carbon systems by
potential environmental challenges and solutions. fostering the development of circular economies and smart
cities that effectively use resources.
AI and Global Leaders
Figure 8: Google earth map showing the Jharia coalfield
(dark shade)
However, JCM is well known for underground coal fires
that have caused changes in topographic features and sur
face deformation, which are direct indicators of ongoing Figure 9: Global AI ranking ([Link]
underground combustion. Many attempts have been made
to utilize a variety of geophysical tools such as electrical
resistivity, numerical modeling and magnetic methods to Global survey report by Harvard university (Fig. 9) shows
provide subsurface information and the areal extent of the that AI has increasingly become a political priority for
burning coal. However, a complete reconstruction of the various nations and how this focus can improve a country’s
burning portion in sufficient spatio temporal domains is not AI vibrancy. For example, in recent years, the United Arab
available from the in situ observations. Emirates has publicly committed to becoming a global
In conclusion, to address the Jharia coal mine fires, a leader in AI, investing heavily in quality research institutes
multifaceted approach is needed, including extinguishing like the Technology Innovation Institute. According to the
and containing fires, rehabilitating affected areas, and Global Vibrancy Tool, the UAE this year ranked fifth. The
preventing future incidents through measures like surface United Kingdom, ranked third this year, also took a global
sealing, sand stowing, and monitoring. leadership position on AI, hosting the world’s first AI safety
summit in 2023. South Korea, ranked seventh, hosted the
most recent summit in 2024, while France, ranked sixth,
is set to host the next summit in early 2025. Tools like
the Global Vibrancy Tool will be invaluable for tracking academics researchers and practitioners of AI’s potential
the evolution of national positions as countries increasingly and limitations is necessary to maximize its usefulness
prioritize AI. while safeguarding the principles of scientific rigour, trans
parency and accessibility. The articles of this collection
College Campus Design Using AI should contribute to make AI tools more helpful to plan,
Based on AI application (Leonardo AI and Dream design and implement the actions required for a more sus
machine AI) we have created a sustainable campus that tainable urban development.
helps students by making hard tasks easier, cutting down
on stress, and allowing the students more time to explore CONCLUSIONS
innovative ideas, according to new research I published Understanding and reducing our carbon footprint is
with my colleagues in the International Journal of Archi crucial for mitigating climate change and building a sus
tectural Computing. As urbanization intensifies and cities tainable future, requiring both individual and collective
grapple with pressing challenges such as housing scarcity, efforts, and embracing sustainable practices and technolo
resilience to climate change or increasing socio economic gies. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is catalysing a profound
disparities, the demand for data driven, intelligent solutions transformation in urban management, offering sophisti
has become increasingly critical to deal with them. cated solutions to improve sustainability, resilience, and
livability. Through better use of information and modelling,
AI is redefining the operational dynamics of cities, but also
providing new tools for urban planning that are still in their
early development phase. As urban areas grapple with the
complexities of rapid population growth, climate change,
and constrained resources, AI emerges thus as a critical tool
for addressing these multifaceted challenges with unprece
dented precision and efficiency. The optimization of energy
consumption, the enhancement of traffic management sys
tems, the use of predictive climate models for disaster
prevention or new mechanisms to better understand citizen
needs are among the many issues asking for AI support.
This Article Collection endeavours to critically analyse and
discuss the most recent advancements in AI applications
for the urban system, exploring both its innovative potential
and the significant hurdles associated with their application.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The author would like to thank to Shaheed Bhagat Singh
College for proving regular classroom activities………..
Figure 10: College campus Design (AI artwork designed by REFERENCES
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ASSIGNMENT: SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOAL OF INDIA