BINARY ARITHMETIC
SYED HASAN SAEED
28-Oct-19 Syed Hasan Saeed 1
BINARY ARITHMETIC
REFERENCE BOOKS
Digital Systems, Principle & Applications, Ronald J. Tocci, Prentice-Hall
Digital Design, M. Morris Mano, Michael D. Ciletti, Pearson Education,
Inc.
Digital Circuits and Design, S. Salivahanan, S. Arivazhagan, Oxford
University Press.
Digital Electronics, G. K. Kharate, Oxford University Press.
Digital Electronics, Bignell James, Logic and Systems, Cengage Learning
Digital Logic and Computer Design, M. Morris Mano, Pearson
Education, Inc.
28-Oct-19 Syed Hasan Saeed 2
BINARY ARITHMETIC
BINARY ADDITION:
The rule for addition of binary numbers are
A B SUM CARRY
Augends Addend S C
0 0 0 0
0 1 1 0
1 0 1 0
1 1 0 1
A B A+ B
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1 TWO
1 1 10
28-Oct-19 Syed Hasan Saeed 3
BINARY ARITHMETIC
EXAMPLE:
MSB LSB Decimal
Carry 11 1 0
1 1 1 1 15
+ 1 0 1 0 10
1 1 0 0 1 25
PROCEDURE: Step 1: The Least Significant Bits are added. 0 + 1 = 1 with carry 0.
Step 2: The carry in the previous step is added to the next higher significant bits, i.e.
0 + 1 + 1 = 0 with carry 1.
Step 3: The carry in the above step is added to the next higher significant bits, i.e.
1 + 1 + 0 = 0 with carry 1.
Step 4: The preceding carry is added to the next higher significant bits, i.e.
1 + 1+ 1 = 0 with carry 1.
28-Oct-19 Syed Hasan Saeed 4
BINARY ARITHMETIC
EXAMPLE:
Add 1011. 011 and 110.1
1 0 1 1.0 1 1 = 11.375
0 1 1 0.1 0 0 = 6.5
1 0 0 0 1.1 1 1 = 17.875
28-Oct-19 Syed Hasan Saeed 5
BINARY ARITHMETIC
BINARY SUBTRACTION:
A B DIFFERENCE BORANE
Minuend Subtrahend D B
0 0 0 0
0 1 1 1
1 0 1 0
1 1 0 0
NOTE: When the digit 1 is subtracted from zero, a borrow of 1 is taken from
left most digits which forms 10 in binary (2 in decimal number), so if 1 is
subtracted from 10 answer is 1 (i.e. 2-1 = 1).
28-Oct-19 Syed Hasan Saeed 6
BINARY ARITHMETIC
EXAMPLE: Subtract 1002 from 10012
0 10 Borrow
1 0 0 1
1 0 0
1 0 1
Answer: 1002 - 10012 = 1012
28-Oct-19 Syed Hasan Saeed 7
BINARY ARITHMETIC
EXAMPLE: Subtract by using binary arithmetic 7.25 from 9.50
1
10 10 0 10
1 0 0 1.1 0 9.50
- 0 1 1 1.0 1 -7.25
0 0 1 0.0 1 2.25
Exercise: Subtract by using binary arithmetic 6.25 from 10.75
Answer: ( 100.10 )2
28-Oct-19 Syed Hasan Saeed 8
BINARY ARITHMETIC
BINARY MULTIPLICATION:
A B AB
0 0 0
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 1
PROCEDURE: Step 1: The LSB of multiplier is taken. If the multiplier bit is
1, the multiplicant is copied as such and, if the multiplier bit is 0, a 0 is
placed in all the bit position.
Step 2: The next higher significant bit of the multiplier is taken and the
partial product is written with a shift to the left, as in step 1.
Step 3: Step 2 is repeated for all other higher significant bits and each time a
left shift is given.
28-Oct-19 Syed Hasan Saeed 9
BINARY ARITHMETIC
step 4: When all the bits in the multiplier have been taken into account, the
partial product terms are added, which give the actual product of the
multiplier and the multiplicant.
EXAMPLE: Multiply 1011 by 1101
1 0 11
11 0 1
_____________
1 0 11
0 0 0 0
1 0 11
1 0 11
_______________
1 0 0 0 1111
_______________
28-Oct-19 Syed Hasan Saeed 10
BINARY ARITHMETIC
BINARY DIVISION: Division in binary follows the same procedure as
division in decimal. Division by 0 is meaningless. Example
11 0 0 1 1 0 1
1 0 111 0 0 1 1 0 1
101
0101
101
0000
28-Oct-19 Syed Hasan Saeed 11
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