ART APPRECIATION (ARTA111)

distinctive handling of elements and media associated with the work of an

Coverage:
individual artist, a school, a movement, or a specific culture or time period.
o Soulmaking, Appropriation, And Improvisation
(Fitchner-Rathus, 2013).
o Contemporary Arts
o Asian Arts Forms
o Southeast Asian Arts what the audience sees-a finished product put harmoniously (or not) according
o Philippine Arts to the different principles of design
totality of the artwork, which includes the textures, colors, and shapes utilized
SOULMAKING, APPROPRIATION, AND by the artist.
Contents
IMPROVISATION includes not only its form but also its subject matter and underlying meaning
Throughout history, or themes.
• Art has played an integral role to capture, record, and communicate events, Improvisation
activities, traditions, and even belief systems of various groups of people.
• Defined as doing something without prior preparation.
• Art has been an instrument to reflect things and events that transpired in the past
• There is a decision to act upon something that may not necessarily be planned.
so that the future generations can have a glimpse of that past.
• Evident in the process of making the painting
• If an artwork is an avenue for an artist to express narratives through symbols, then
• Within the present context, improvisation has become an integral part of the arts.
if follows that the artist is the author of the work. But during the twentieth century,
Some would say that it is a reaction against the stiffness in the arts during the
issues on ownership and authorship have emerged primarily because of the value
twentieth century. There is a call for liberation from monitory that aims to rekindle
ascribed to the viewer of the work.
the creative spirits of people in the arts.
Soulmaking: Making and Deriving Meaning from Art
• Infusing spontaneity and improvisation adds up to the totality of the work of art.
• Context And Symbolisms Are Also Considered To Interpret And Analyze Either • The unexpectedness of the changes brought about by improvisation makes the
Verbal Or Written Works artwork to have a distinctive quality that creates its individuality and identity.
• When it comes to art, in order to people to make sense of the work, it would require • Artists allowing their subjects do improvision may have totally different result as
understanding the visual elements where art was grounded on, especially the well.
principles of designs.
• During the 1960’s, art improvisation has taken from in the galleries around New
• It is important to note that the audience of the artwork must have a certain level of York City.
awareness to the style, form, and content of the said work. Without such
• Performance art, dance, and visual arts were combined to create new forms of
understanding, it would be difficult to appreciate the visual arts in its fullness and
artworks using a new medium. These performances were known as the
entirety.
“happenings” which later paved the way for modern body art and performance art.
• The perceiver of the artwork must take into consideration the totality of elements,
• One of the central figures in the improvisation movement was George Mathieu.
underlying themes and motifs, and composition.
He started the “action painting” wherein the process is seen real-time. In scenario,
• Phases of soul making:
the process is more important than the finished product.
o SEEKING - The first step is seeking or finding. In some Integral sense, these
Appropriation
tools and practices can be fitted together and allowing us to settle down.
• During the twentieth century, people started raising the question whether the act of
Searching is a vital stage of our growth as a soul builders. It can also moved us
deriving meaning gives the ownership of the viewer rather than the artist himself.
on to a practice or cluster of practices that satisfy our creativity and passion, and
This notion paved the way for the emergence of appropriation artists who seem to
that we can then spend time perfecting.
promote the idea that the authorship relies on the viewer. If this is the case, then
o SETTING - Soul making is about communicating as profoundly as possible with
appropriation artists can take as much as he wants from an existing artwork.
the soul, with other human and non-human beings (and this means the future of
humans and non-humans )and with the world. We must find ourselves settled at • Appropriation of art has been a common practice throughout history.
some point in our lives. • In the past, if an apprentice painter needs to done his skills in his craft, he would
o SURRENDER - The capacity to surrender, of course, is restricted by the amount be allowed to use his master’s work to copy. It is as if the apprentice is trying to
of pain and uncertainty that we can bear. We tend to note in the midst of the explore his personal application of techniques to something he is more familiar with.
crashing that our activities begin to be in the service of the soul. True surrender However, there are some people who go to the extreme by believing that copying
takes us up and throws us down; calls for the wounds we bear to be accepted; the exact artwork of an artist and attributing it to his own.
forces us to spend time living in the darkness. • The problem arises when the appropriation artist would get bits and pieces from
o SOULMAKING - The variations between the Settling and Surrender dual other works and incorporate these elements into their own, their voices and
polarities, we begin to perceive our practice and life in the universe as Soul perspectives of the other artists get lost with that of the appropriation artist.
Making. Soul Making is the fourth stage, in which the individual transitions from • Traditionally, forgery can be classified into two forms: outright copies of existing
a stage of improving reflective practice to becoming a practitioner of soul making. works and pastiches - works that bring together elements from a work and
o SOARING - When we begin the journey, what we most wish is to soar. We could infusing them to a new work. But in contemporary times, forgery can be in the form
find ourselves soaring, together, engulfed in the air and sky, by enabling of creating an approximate of what an artist would do by prediction. This can be
ourselves to pass through the stages of Soul Making. done by observing the techniques and style the artist employed and even the focal
• Categories of soulmaking points highlighted in his previous and existing works.
o Crafting Images –Crafting images includes the production, by various forms • The intentions of appropriation artist are often questioned since issues of
and methods, of visual representations of images. Any art form such as drawing, plagiarism or forgery sometimes arise.
sketching, and sculpting can be used to perform this process. Dancing, poetry (or • One of the most famous works of appropriation would have to be Andy Warhol’s
black-out poetry), musical instrument playing, and even filmmaking may also do Campbell’s Soup Cans” (1962)
this. “All things are beautiful, but not everyone knows how to recognize them.” -
o Crafting Stories – He or she is already creating stories when an individual writes Andy Warhol
down his or her own personal feedback, life values, deep feelings, ideas, ideals,
and even high and low emotions. Similar to crafting images, he or she may be • Warhol copied the original labels of the soup can but cans is something new for the
portrayed by different means when one craft story is presented. Stories can be audience. Just like any product, the brand is integral to Campbell’s identity. Warhol
relayed via vivid photos, calming music, and impactful sentences. decided to isolate the image of the product. This attempt could in turn stimulate
o Crafting Instruments – Crafting instruments are treated as "a bridge product recognition.
to the unknown because the instrument creates sounds that exceed our • Appropriation refers to the act of borrowing or reusing existing elements within a
thoughts, emotions, and sensations. The soul is accompanied by a vessel so that new work.
the soul will not disappear." Instruments help people explore the magic behind • Post-modern appropriation artists including Barbara Kruger, are keen to deny the
music and its unique impact on a person. Such musical instruments notion of ‘originality’.
can establish the soul's harmonious sustenance and the mind's balance. • They believe that in borrowing existing imagery or elements of imagery, they are
o Crafting Movements – Life is movement, according to Dr. Narciso (2016). re-contextualizing or appropriating the original imagery, allowing the viewer to
[One's] life is full of different rhythms. "Our life is full of movements, it is renegotiate the meaning of the original in a different, more relevant, or more current
full of different rhythms, life is full of flowing images accompanied by context.
narratives, and this melodic flow symbolizes how the universe gives every human • In separating images from the original context of their own media, we allow them
being the ability in their respective lives to experience the highs and lows." For to take on new and varied meanings.
artists who are more inclined to crafting movement, the pattern that life serves a • Images and elements of culture that have been appropriated commonly involve
person provides a source of inspiration. famous and recognizable works of art, well known literature, and easily accessible
o Crafting Techniques – Crafting techniques in soulmaking are the images from the media.
artist's reflection of his life and experiences in any piece of art. The • We shall discuss these in depth in order to contextualize the works we will
approach, preferably, should be methodological. A soulmaker, though, investigate later in this essay. To properly examine the concept it is also necessary
when he executes his creative expression, is unbounded. to consider the work of the artists associated with appropriation with regards to their
Styles motivations, reasoning, and the effect of their work

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 ART APPRECIATION (ARTA111)
• The process and nature of appropriation has considered by anthropologist as part • Impressionism was the foundation of contemporary art. It all began in Paris as a
of the study of cultural change and cross-cultural contact. reaction to a rather formal and rigorous style of painting practiced in studios and
• The concepts of originality and of authorship are central to the debate of dictated by conventional organizations such as the Academie des Beaux-Arts.
appropriation in contemporary art. • Unlike many members of other art movements, Post-Impressionists primarily
• Author - one who originates or gives existence to a piece of work. composed their works independently of others, allowing them to experiment in a
• Authorship - determines a responsibility for what is created by that author. variety of directions, ranging from intensified Impressionism, as typified by van
• The practice of appropriation is often thought to support the point of view that Gogh, to pointillism, as seen in Seurat's most famous work Sunday Afternoon on
authorship in art is an outmoded or misguided concept. With appropriated works, the Island of La Grande Jatte (1884–86).
the viewer is less likely to consider the role of the author or artist in constructing Artist
interpretations and opinions of the work if they are aware of the work from which it Sunday Afternoon
was appropriated. on the Island of La
Grande Jatte,
Marcel Duchamp 1884–86 by
Georges Seurat
• The first artists to successfully demonstrate forms of appropriation within his work.
• He devised the concept of the ‘readymade’, which essentially involved an item
Contemporary Arts
being chosen by the artist, signed by the artist and repositioned into a gallery • Contemporary
context. o living or occurring at the same time.
Roland Barthes o belonging to or occurring in the present.
• Writer of “The Death of the Author” (1966) • Art - expression or application of human creative skill and imagination, typically
• He argued that we should not look to the creator of a literary or artistic work when in a visual form.
attempting to interpret the meaning inherent within. • Artwork made by living artists now. As a result, it depicts the diverse, global, and
“The explanation of a work is always sought in the man or woman who created ever-changing issues that shape our world.
it...(but) it is language which speaks: not the author.” - Roland Barthes • Many contemporary artists utilize their work to explore personal or cultural
identity, critique societal and institutional systems, or even re-define art. They
typically generate difficult or thought-provoking subjects without providing clear
CONTEMPORARY ARTS (THE RULE BREAKER) answers in the process.
• contemporary arts breaks the norm
• Curiosity, an open mind, and a desire to discuss and debate are the best tools
“Pure Pop for approaching a piece of modern art.
(Mona • art of today, produced in the second half of the 20th century or in the 21st
Lisa)" by century.
Orlando • Contemporary artists work in a globally influenced, culturally diverse, and
Quevedo technologically advancing world. Their art is a dynamic combination of materials,
methods, concepts, and subjects that continue the challenging of boundaries
Modern Art
that was already well underway in the 20th century.
• Modern - relating to the present or recent times as opposed to the remote past. • Diverse and eclectic, contemporary art as a whole is distinguished by the very
• Art - expression or application of human creative skill and imagination, typically in lack of a uniform, organizing principle, ideology, or "-ism".
a visual form. • Part of a cultural dialogue that concerns larger contextual frameworks such as
• Modern art comprises creative work created during the era roughly from the personal and cultural identity, family, community, and nationality.
1860s to the 1970s, and specifies the forms and concepts of art established • In vernacular English, modern and contemporary are synonyms, resulting in
during that time period. some conflation of the terms modern art and contemporary art by non-
• Most usually associated with art in which traditional norms are abandoned in favor specialists.
of experimentation. Artist
• Modern painters experimented with new ways of seeing as well as new ideas Campbell’s
about material nature and the roles of art. Many works of contemporary art tend to Soup
move away from narrative, which was characteristic of past art forms, and toward Cans,
abstraction. 1962 by
• More recent creative work is referred to it as contemporary art or postmodern art. Andy
• Modern art includes artistic work produced during the period extending roughly Warhol
from the 1860s to the 1970s, and denotes the styles and philosophy of the art Garapata
produced during that era. The term is usually associated with art in which the by Dex
traditions of the past have been thrown aside in a spirit of experimentation. Fernandez
Modern artists experimented with new ways of seeing and with fresh ideas about
the nature of materials and functions of art. A tendency away from the narrative,
which was characteristic for the traditional arts, toward abstraction is
characteristic of much modern art. More recent artistic production is often called Contemporary arts vs. Modern art
contemporary art or postmodern art.
• To begin, Modern and Contemporary Art are two distinct periods of art.
• Modern art begins with the heritage of painters like Vincent van Gogh, Paul
• Contemporary Art emphasizes innovation and freedom more than Modern Art.
Cézanne, Paul Gauguin, Georges Seurat and Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec all of
• Contemporary art focuses on societal influence, with society as the major
whom were essential for the development of modern art.
emphasis, whereas Modern art is an expression of personality.
• At the beginning of the 20th century Henri Matisse and several other young artists
• Another difference is that most Modern Art was made on canvas, but
including the pre-cubists Georges Braque, André Derain, Raoul Dufy, Jean
Contemporary Art may be found in a wider range of materials, including object
Metzinger and Maurice de Vlaminck revolutionized the Paris art world with "wild",
design, tech-enabled artwork, and graphical arts.
multi-colored, expressive landscapes and figure paintings that the critics called
Social Interaction
Fauvism.
• While you may be drawn to art, it's critical to recognize and comprehend what it is
• Matisse's two versions of The Dance signified a key point in his career and in the
about the art that draws you in, as well as whatever exact aspect appeals to you
development of modern painting. It reflected Matisse's incipient fascination with
the most.
primitive art: the intense warm color of the figures against the cool blue-green
background and the rhythmical succession of the dancing nudes convey the • Contemporary art flourished with Modernism at first, but it is today seen as distinct
feelings of emotional liberation and hedonism. from that school. The Contemporary Art Society was created by Roger Fry and his
associates in 1910.
Artist
Wheatfields • Modern art is defined by academics as a distinct style that corresponds to a certain
With Crows, time period. The modern style, on the other hand, evolves with time, resulting in a
1890 by wider range of methods and outputs.
Vincent Van Abstract Expressionism
Gogh • Artistic style in which the artist seeks to depict not objective reality but rather the
subjective emotion and responses that objects and events arouse within a person.
Galatea de • Expressionism as a distinct style or movement refers to a number of German artist,
las esferas, as well as Austrian, French, and Russian ones, who became active in the years
1952 by
before World War I and remained so throughout much of the interwar period.
Salvador
Abstract Expressionism (two major styles)
Dali
Action Painting
How did modern art started a new period?

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 ART APPRECIATION (ARTA111)
• Direct, instinctual, and highly dynamic kind of art that involves the spontaneous Untitled(s
application of vigorous, sweeping brush strokes and the chance effects of tack), by
Donald
dripping and spilling paint onto the canvas. Judd
Color Fields
• Direct, instinctual, and highly dynamic kind of art that The term typically
describes large-scale canvases dominated by flat expanses of color and having
Harran II
a minimum of surface detail. Color-field paintings have a unified single-image
by Frank
field and differ qualitatively from the gestural, expressive brushwork. Stella
Abstract Expressionism (artists and their works)
Artist Contemporary Original
version Version Pop Art
Convergence,
1950 by
• Art movement that emerged in the 1950s and flourished in the 1960s in America
Jackson and Britain. It is an art that is based on popular culture and mass media.
Pollock Characterized by bold, simple, everyday imagery, and vibrant block colors.
• The Pop Art movement aimed to blur the boundaries between "high" art and "low"
culture. By creating paintings or sculptures of mass culture objects and media
Multiform,
1948 by Mark
stars.
Rothko Pop Art (artists and their works)
Artist
Great American
Nude #21, 1961
by Tom
Wesselmann
Optical Art
• Op art, also called optical art, branch of mid-20th-century geometric abstract art
that deals with optical illusion.
• Achieved through the systematic and precise manipulation of shapes and colors. House of fire,
The effects of optical art can be based either on perspective illusion or on chromatic 1981 by James
tension; in painting, the dominant medium of Op art, the surface tension is usually Rosenquist
maximized to the point at which an actual pulsation or flickering is perceived by the
human eye.
Optical Art (artists and their works)
Artist Contemporary Original Version
version Popeye, 1961
Zebra by by Roy
Victor Lichtenstein
Vasarely

Achaean by
Bridget Post Modernism
Riley • Postmodernism refers to a reaction against modernism. It is less a cohesive
movement than an approach and attitude toward art, culture, and society.
• Postmodern art can be also characterized by a deliberate use of earlier styles
and conventions, and an eclectic mixing of different artistic and popular styles and
mediums.
• A late 21st and 20th century art style.
Post Modernism (artists and their works)
Kinetic Art Artist
• Art from any medium that contains movement perceivable by the viewer or that
10 Marilyn
depends on motion for its effect. "Kinetic art" as a moniker developed from a Monroe,
number of sources 1967 by
• KINETIC SCULPTURE, sculpture in which movement (as of a motor-driven part or Andy
Warhol
a changing electronic image) is a basic element. In the 20th century the use of
actual movement, kineticism, became an important aspect of sculpture. ONE AND
Kinetic Art (artists and their works) THREE
CHAIRS,
Artist Contemporary Original 1965 by
version Version Joseph
Abstraction Kosuth
by
Alexander
Calder
Conceptualism
• Conceptual art is a movement that prizes ideas over the formal or visual
Meta- components of art works.
Harmonie II • Conceptualism took myriad forms, such as performances, happenings, and
by Jean ephemera. From the mid-1960s through the mid-1970s Conceptual artists
Tinguely produced works and writings that completely rejected standard ideas of art.
Conceptualism (artists and their works)
Minimalism Artist
• also called ABC art, is the culmination of reductionist tendencies in modern art. Mother and Child
Divided, 1993 by
• Minimal sculpture, is composed of extremely simple, monumental geometric Damien Hirst
forms made of fiberglass, plastic, sheet metal, or aluminum, either left raw or
solidly painted with bright industrial colors. Like the painters, Minimalist sculptors
attempted to make their works totally objective, unexpressive, and non-referential.
The trees will riot,
Minimalism (artists and their works) 2020 by Robert
Artist Contemporary Original Version Montgomery
version

Neo-Pop Art

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 ART APPRECIATION (ARTA111)
• Neo-Pop, or Post-Pop, is a broad term that refers to a style that has been influenced Yard, 1967
by Pop Art. The first wave of Neo-Pop Art emerged in the 1980’s as a reaction to by Allan
Kaprow
the Minimalism and Conceptualism of the 1970’s.
• The Neo-Pop artists used the iconography of Pop Art to their own ends, creating
commentary that mimics Pop Art, but also incorporating contemporary “kitsch”
imagery and references to political and social issues that did not exist in the 60’s.
Aftermath of
Neo-Pop Art (artists and their works) obliteration
Artist of eternity,
Portrait Twin; 2009 by
Futago, 1988 Yayoi
by Kusama
Yasumasa
Morimura Earth Art
• also known as Land art or Earthworks,
727, 1996 by
Takashi • primarily an American movement that produces site-specific structures, art forms,
Murakami and sculptures using the natural landscape. (The Art Story, 2018)
Earth Art (artists and their works)
Artist
Paris Hilton Broken
Autopsy, circle; Spiral
2007 by hill, 1971 by
Daniel Robert
Edwards Smithson

California
Photorealism Dreamin,
• The name Photorealism (also known as Hyperrealism or Superrealism) was coined 1972-76 by
in reference to those artists whose work depended heavily on photographs, which Christo and
they often projected onto canvas allowing images to be replicated with precision Jeanne-
Claude
and accuracy.
• The movement came about within the same period and context as Conceptual Art, Street Art
Pop Art, and Minimalism and expressed a strong interest in realism in art, over that • Street art is art that is done in public surfaces such as building exteriors, highway
of idealism and abstraction. overpasses, and sidewalks. Street art is more common in cities. - Street art is
Photorealism (artists and their works) similar to graffiti in that it is done in public spaces and is usually unauthorized, but
Artist it encompasses a broader range of media and is more closely associated with
Telephone graphic design. (Tate, 2018)
Booth, 1968 by
Richard Estes Murals

Erschossener;
man shot down Installation
1, 1988 by
Gerhard Richter
Art

Performance Art Sticker

• Is art is presented "live," usually by the artist but sometimes with collaborators or
performers.
• artworks that are created through actions performed by the artist or other
participants, which may be live or recorded, spontaneous or scripted.
Performance Art (artists and their works) Stencil image
Artist
Rhythm 0, 1974
by Marina
Abramovic
Street Art (artists and their works)
Artist
Untitled
(skull),1981 by
Jean Michel
Basquiat

Houston Bowery
Wall, 1982 by
Keith Haring

Cutpiece, 1964
by Yoko Ono ASIAN ART
● The history of Asian art or Eastern art, includes a vast range of influences from
various cultures and religions. Developments in Asian art historically parallel those
in Western art, in general a few centuries earlier. Chinese art, Indian art, Korean
art, Japanese art, each had significant influence on Western art, and vice versa.
Near Eastern art also had a significant influence on Western art. Excluding
Installation Art prehistoric art, the art of Mesopotamia represents the oldest forms of Asian art.
• One of the most impactful and enchanting art genres in existence. Compared to Chinese Art
conventional art forms such as painting and sculpture, Installation art is intended ● The oldest continuous art traditions in the world are Chinese art traditions.
to fill entire rooms or even entire exhibition space (Lesso, 2020). ● Chinese art in 10,000 B.C.E. included pottery and sculptures.
Installation Art (artists and their works) ● Scholars and nobles preserved Chinese artistic traditions, and these were adapted
Artist by each successive dynasty.
● Chinese art encompasses fine arts, folk arts and performance arts.

● Over the centuries, Chinese art produced the following types of arts:

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 ART APPRECIATION (ARTA111)
o Paintings
o Calligraphies
o Architecture
o Pottery
o Sculptures
o Bronzes
o Jade carvings
o Other fine or decorative art forms
Ancient Chinese Art Yakshi Bracket Figure. East The Priest-King is a carved
torana of the Great Stupa at steatite statuette found during
● Calligraphy
Sanchi, 1st century BCE/CE, in the excavation of the Bronze
o The art of calligraphy aims to demonstrate superior control and skill using brush
Madhya Pradesh, India Age city of Mohenjodaro,
and ink.
● Indian art is divided into specific periods throughout history. Each period reflects
o Introduced in the Han dynasty (206 BCE - 220 CE) then after two hundred
certain religious, political and cultural relevance and developments.
years, all educated men were expected to be proficient at it.
● The earliest of which are of the petroglyphs similar to those found in Bhimbetka,
o The Chinese calligraphy can be traced back to the Dazhuan (large seal script)
some of which dates to before 5500 BC and would continue to exists for several
that appeared in the Zhou Dynasty.
millenniums.
o Lady Wei (272-349 CE) - accomplished calligrapher and said to have taught
the great master Wang Xizhi (303-361 CE)
o In the Eastern Han Dynasty, a type of script called the Lishu (Official Script)
began to rise. Because it reveals no circles and very few curved lines, it is very
suitable for fast writing. After that, the Kaishu style (traditional regular script)
has appeared, and its structure is simpler and neater, this script is still widely Bhimbetka Cave Painting Indus Valley Civilization Ellora Caves
used today.
● Painting
o Walls, coffins and boxes, screens, silk scrolls, fixed fans, book covers, and
folding fans were the most popular formats.
o Wood and bamboo were the most popular materials used by the earliest artists,
and then adopted plastered walls, silk, and paper.
o Portraits and landscapes were the two most popular themes.
Ajanta Caves in Maharashtra Statue of Lord Indra in
o The painting styles in early cave in China received influence from India and the
ellora cave at
West. Jagannatha Sabha
● Pottery ● Following after is the art of the Indus Valley Civilization and would exhibit examples
o The oldest known pots in the world was from Xianrendong Cave Pottery like the Carved Pillars of Ellora, Maharashtra State. and the frescoes of t the Ajanta
(Jiangxi province) and Ellora Caves.
o Heavy and functional storage jars
o During the Han dynasty, there were early developments in techniques and kilns.
● Jade
o Early jade was used as an ornament or sacrificial utensils.
o The earliest Chinese carved-jade object appeared in the Hemudu culture in the Ajanta Caves Painting Wall Frescoes at the
early Neolithic period (about 3500–2000 BCE) Royal Hunt Mahabharata
Ajanta Caves
o In the Zhou Dynasty (1046–256 bce), due to the using of higher hardness (Aurangabad)
engraving tools, jades were carved more delicately and began to be used as a
pendant or ornament in clothing.
o Jade was considered to be immortal and could protect the owner, so carved-
jade objects were often buried with the deceased
● Porcelain
o Porcelain is a kind of ceramics made from kaolin at high temperature. Mughal Empire From
o The earliest ceramics in China appeared in the Shang Dynasty (c.1600-1046 Mughal Architecture
Persian Miniatures by
BCE). And the production of ceramics laid the foundation for the invention of the great iranian poet
porcelain. Mughal Paintings from
Ferdowsi
Siva Travelogue

● Modern Chinese Art ● Sculpture was a common practice among Indian Buddhists and Hindus. Hinduism
o After the end of the last feudal dynasty in China, with the rise of the new cultural continued to be a main focus of Indian art for centuries, as sculptures of deities like
movement, Chinese artists began to be influenced by Western art and began to Shiva were commonly produced. By the 16th century, Islam gained importance
integrate Western art into Chinese culture. under the Mughal Empire and art production grew under Islamic rulers. During this
o At the beginning of the 20th century, oil paintings were introduced to China, and time, the arts prospered and in 1631 construction began on the Taj Mahal.
more and more Chinese painters began to touch Western painting techniques
and combine them with traditional Chinese painting.
Art Influence
● Chinese art is greatly influenced by Chinese philosophies of Buddhism,
Confucianism, and particularly Taoism.
● This aims to show a sense of harmony between humans and the larger world.
Indian Art
● Indian art consists of a variety of art forms, including painting, sculpture, pottery,
and textile arts such as woven silk. Geographically, it spans the entire Indian The Taj Mahal under construction. (In
subcontinent, including what is now India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal, total, construction of the 42-acre (17-
and at times eastern Afghanistan. hectare) complex spanned 22 years.)
● A strong sense of design is characteristic of Indian art and can be observed in its Kapila Vatsyayan
modern and traditional forms. ● The visual arts (sculpture, painting and architecture) are tightly interrelated with
● The origin of Indian art can be traced to prehistoric settlements in the 3rd the non-visual arts. According to Kapila Vatsyayan, "Classical Indian architecture,
millennium BC. On its way to modern times, Indian art has had cultural influences, sculpture, painting, literature (kaavya), music and dancing evolved their own rules
as well as religious influences such as Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, Sikhism and conditioned by their respective media, but they shared with one another not only
Islam. the underlying spiritual beliefs of the Indian religio-philosophic mind, but also the
● In spite of this complex mixture of religious traditions, generally, the prevailing procedures by which the relationships of the symbol and the spiritual states were
artistic style at any time and place has been shared by the major religious groups. worked out in detail."
● Insight into the unique qualities of Indian art is best achieved through an
● Indian artist styles historically followed Indian religions out of the subcontinent,
understanding of the philosophical thought, the broad cultural history, social,
having an especially large influence in Tibet, South East Asia and China. religious and political background of the artworks.
● Indian art has itself received influences at times, especially from Central Asia and Notable Indian Architecture
Iran, and Europe. ● The Iron Pillar, Delhi
● One of the most popular art forms in India is called Rangoli. It is a form of
sandpainting decoration that uses finely ground white powder and colours, and is
used commonly outside homes in India.

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 ART APPRECIATION (ARTA111)

This pillar, built in the 4th century, features Sanskrit inscription in Brahmi The Great Wave of Kanagawa
script that states it was created in honor of the Hindu god Vishnu. The ● Nicknamed “The Wave”
pillar showcases India’s prowess in metallurgy, a branch of science that ● Hokusai, an artist with a unique talent.
focuses particularly on the properties, production, and purification of ● The Four details that made this masterpiece famous: The waves, Prussian blue
metals. color, Mount Fuji, The boats and the Fisherman.
● Konark Sun Temple, Konark, India

Built in the 13th century, this impressive temple is dedicated to the Hindu Hiroshige
sun god Surya. It was carved from stone in the form of a 100-foot-high
● Known for his horizontal-format landscapes series “The Fifty-three Stations of the
chariot with immense wheels and horses.
Tokaido.
Japanese Art ● Also known for his vertical-format landscape popular series “One Hundred famous
● Japanese art and architecture is works of art produced in Japan from the view of Edo.
beginnings of human habitation there, sometime in the 10th millennium BC, to the ● Hiroshige’s death marked the beginning of the rapid decline in the ukiyo-e genre.
present.
● Japanese art covers a wide range of art styles and media, including ancient
pottery, sculpture in wood and bronze, ink painting on silk and paper, and a
myriad of other types of works of art; from ancient times until the contemporary
21st century.
● Art in Japan has undergone series of transitions and periodization.
● Japan has transitioned into a cultural mixing pot.
● Based on artifact such as ceramic figures and ornaments.
● It was influenced by Korean and Chinese artwork
● Japanese art covers a wide range of art styles and media, including ancient Sharaku
pottery, sculpture in wood and bronze, ink painting on silk and paper, calligraphy, ● Was a Japanese ukiyo-e print designer.
ceramics , architecture, oil painting,literature,drama and music. ● Known for his portraits of kabuki actors.
● Both religious and secular artistics traditions developed, but even the secular art ● Over 140 prints have been established as the works of Sharaku.
was imbued with Buddhist and Confuscian aesthetic principles, particularly the ● The majority are portraits of actors or scenes from kabuk iand the rest are the
Zen concept that every aspect of the material world is part of an all encompassing sumo wrestlers.
whole.
● The art form rose to great popularity in the metropolitan culture of Edo (Tokyo)
during the second half of the 17th century, originating with the single-color works
of Hishikawa Moronobu in the 1670s.
● Over its long history, Japanese art absorbed many foreign artistics traditions and
carried on intermittent exchanges with china and Korea.
● When Japan came into contact with the western world during the 19th century,
Japanese woodblock prints, paintings and ceramics had a considerable influence
on European art particularly in cubism and impressionism. Nishiki-e
● Contemporary Japanese art is concerned with themes such as self-identity and ● Is a type of Japanese multi-colored woodblock printing.
finding fulfillment in a world dominated by technology. ● The Technique is used primarily in Ukiyo-e. It was invented in 1760s.
● Since the 1990s, Japanese animation known as anime, has become widely ● Suzuki Harunobu developed the technique of polychrome printing to produce
popular with young people in the west. nishiki-e
Haniwa
● Ceramic figures that is made up of clay. That were made for ritual use and buried
with the dead as funerary objects

Kaiga
● Also known as Japanese Painting.
● Is one of the oldest and most highly refined of the Japanese art.
Shintoism
● The native religion of Japan.
● A practice of religious rites based on the Japanese polytheistic idea of ‘kami’
(deity).
● The word Shintō literally means “way of kami”.
● Collections of native beliefs and mythology.
● Worshipping nature and natural objects ranging from trees, lakes mountains,
flowers and rocks.
Buddhism Panel form the Tale of Genji
● Became an integral part of Japanese Culture, Artwork such as images and Jomon Period Pottery
sculptures of Buddha were produced. ● The first settlers of Japan, the jomon people.
● Buddhist temples are became staples key places. ● Named for the cord markings that decorated the surfaces of their clay vessels were
● Art is essence became an expression of worship for the Japanese people. nomadic hunter-gatherers.
Ukiyo-e
● meaning "floating world", refers to the impetuous young culture that bloomed in
the urban centers of Edo (modern-day Tokyo)
● Is an art movement which is flourished in 17th through 19th centuries.
● It’s artist produced woodblock prints and paintings of such subjects as travel
scenes and landscapes, female beauties and sumo wrestlers

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 ART APPRECIATION (ARTA111)
Statuette with Snow Glasses ● early Korean societies were mainly dependent on fishing. So, they used the
Yayoi Art pottery to store fish and other things collected from the ocean such as shellfish.
● Bringing knowledge of wetland rice cultivation, the manufacture of copper weapons ● Pottery had two main regional distinctions. Those from the East coast tends to
and bronze bells (dōtaku). have a flat base, whereas pottery on the South coast had a round base.
● Use for Rituals.
● The oldest dotaku found date from the second and third century.

Dotaku, Third Century Jeulmun pottery period

Kofun Art ● The Jeulmun pottery period is named after the decorated pottery vessels that form
● Represents a modification of Yayoi culture. a large part of the pottery assemblage consistently over the above period,
● Typical artifacts are bronze mirrors, symbol of political alliances called haniwa. especially 4000-2000 BC. Jeulmun (Hangul: 즐문, Hanja: 櫛文) means "Comb-
patterned". A boom in the archaeological excavations of Jeulmun Period sites since
the mid-1990s has increased knowledge about this important formative period in
the prehistory of East Asia.

Haniwa Horse
Comma Shape Beads
● Magatama (勾玉, less frequently 曲玉) are curved, comma-shaped beads that
appeared in prehistoric Japan from the Final Jōmon period through the Kofun
period, approximately 1000 BCE to the 6th century CE. Bronze Age
● In Korea, the Bronze Age began around the 15th century BCE, with the everyday
use of mumun pottery, ground stone tools, and wooden tools. During this period,
only a few people possessed bronze tools, which served either as symbols of
authority or as ritual instruments.
Korean-Sword
● have served a central place in the defense of the nation for thousands of years.
Although typical Korean land battles have taken place in wide valleys and narrow
Manga mountain passes, which favor use of the spear and bow, the sword found use as a
● "manga" refers to all kinds of cartooning, comics, and animation. Among English secondary, close-quarters weapon, especially useful during sieges and ship-to-ship
speakers, "manga" has the stricter meaning of "Japanese comics", in parallel to the boarding actions. Higher quality, ceremonial swords were typically reserved for the
usage of "anime" in and outside Japan. The term "ani-manga" is used to describe officer corps as a symbol of authority with which to command the troops.
comics produced from animation cels. Often disregarded as “Japanese cartoons” Ceremonial swords are still granted to military officials by the civilian authority to
in the West, manga and anime are an important part of Japanese contemporary art this day.
and, much like the avant-garde movements, the modern manga took shape in the ● Korean swords typically fall into two broad categories, the Geom, and the Do.
post-war decades.

Iron Age
● The transition from the Late Bronze to Early Iron Age in Korea begins in the 4th
Korean Art century BCE. This corresponds to the later stage of Gojoseon, the Jin state period
History of Korea in the south, and the Proto–Three Kingdoms period of the 1st to 4th century
● Professional have begun to acknowledge and sort through Korea’s own unique art CE.[8]
culture and important role in not only transmitting Chinese culture but also ● The period that begins after 300 BCE can be described as 'protohistoric', a time
assimilating it and creating a unique culture of its own. when some documentary sources seem to describe societies in the Korean
● Korea Arts include tradition in calligraphy, music, painting, and pottery often peninsula.
marked by the use of natural forms, surface decoration..
● While there are clear and distinguishing differences between three independent
cultures, there are significant and historical similarities and interactions between
the arts of Korea, China and Japan.
● The earliest example of Korean art consists of stone age works dating from 300
BCE. These mainly consist of votive sculpture, although petroglyphs have also
been recently discovered
● Korean artists sometimes modified Chinese tradition with a native preference for
simple elegance, purity of nature and spontaneity. The Three Kingdom
● The Goryeo Dynasty (918-1392) was the one of the most prolific periods for the Goguryeo
artists in many disciplines, especially in pottery. ● Goguryeo, also called Goryeo, was a Korean kingdom located in the northern
Melon-shaped wine ewer and central parts of the Korean Peninsula and the southern and central parts of
● Melon-shaped ewer with bamboo decoration first half of the 12th century. Manchuria. At its peak of power, Goguryeo controlled most of the Korean
● This elegant ewer demonstrates the Goryeo potter's technical skill and conceptual peninsula, large parts of Manchuria and parts of eastern Mongolia and Inner
sophistication in transforming everyday motifs from nature—in this case, a melon Mongolia.
and bamboo—into a functional and aesthetically pleasing vessel.

Neolithic Art
● Korean ancient pottery improved during the era of Neolithic art (c. 10,000-3,000 Baekje
BCE) with the creation of flat-bottomed vessels decorated with zigzag patterns, ● Baekje was founded as a member of the Mahan confederacy. Two sons of the
followed by comb-pattern pottery (c. 3,000 BCE) founder of Goguryeo are recorded to have fled a succession conflict, to establish
Comb-Patterned Pottery Baekje around the present Seoul area.
● Korean pottery was recognized as early as 6000 BCE. ● Baekje absorbed or conquered other Mahan chiefdoms and, at its peak in the 4th
● The vessel form found in early comb pottery is a simple V-shape with a pointed or century, controlled most of the western Korean peninsula. Buddhism was
rounded bottom. The surface is entirely covered with impressed or incised lines, introduced to Baekje in 384 from Goguryeo, which Baekje welcomed
short, slanting, and parallel, arranged in either horizontal or vertical rows so as to
produce a sort of comb pattern.
● In later pottery the clay is often tempered with asbestos or talc stone, and the base
of the vessel tends to be flattened. The earlier, space-filling linear design yields to
more sparsely placed curvilinear designs consisting of dots.

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 ART APPRECIATION (ARTA111)

Korean Paintings Art

● Generally, the history of Korean painting is dated to approximately 108 C.E.,
Silla when it first appears as an independent form.
● According to Korean records, in 57 BC, Seorabeol (or Saro, later Silla) in the ● Buddhist topics, and an emphasis on celestial observation in keeping with the
southeast of the peninsula unified and expanded the confederation of city-states rapid development of Korean astronomy.
known as Jinhan. Although Samguk Sagi records that Silla was the earliest- ● Throughout the history of Korean painting, there has been a constant separation
founded of the three kingdoms, other written and archaeological records indicate of monochromatic works of black brushwork on very often mulberry paper or silk;
that Silla was likely the last of the three to establish a centralized government. and the colourful folk art or min-hwa, ritual arts, tomb paintings, and festival arts
● Silla was the smallest and weakest of the Three Kingdoms of Korea, but it used which had extensive use of colour.
cunning diplomatic means to make opportunistic pacts and alliances with the ● This distinction was often class-based: scholars, particularly in Confucian art felt
more powerful Korean kingdoms, and eventually Tang China, to its great that one could see colour in monochromatic paintings within the gradations and
advantage. felt that the actual use of colour coarsened the paintings, and restricted the
imagination.
● Korean folk art, and painting of architectural frames was seen as brightening
certain outside wood frames, and again within the tradition of Chinese
architecture, and the early Buddhist influences of profuse rich thalo and primary
colours inspired by Art of India.
● Western-style oil painting in Korean art was in the self-portraits of Korean artist

Other Arts of Korea

● Korean arts is characterized by transition in main religion at the time; early Korean
shamanist art, then Korean Buddhist art and Korean confucian art, through the
various forms of Western Art in 20 century.
● Art works in metal, jade, bamboo, textiles have a limited resurgence.
Korean Calligraphy and Printing ● Ko Hu i-dong
● is seen art where brush stroke reveal the artist personality enhancing the subject o Korean artist who pioneered in the application of Western techniques to
matter that is painted, traditional painting styles. After World War II he became a member of the South
● This arts form represent the apogee and Korean Confucian Art. Korean government of Syngman Rhee.
o . by the early twentieth century, the decision to paint using oil and canvas in
Korea had two different interpretations. One being a sense of enlightenment
due to western ideas and art styles. This enlightenment derived from an
intellectual movement of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Ko had
been painting with this method during a period of Japan's annexation of Korea.
During this time many claimed his art could have been political, however, he
himself stated he was an artist and not a politician.
Korean Fabric Arts ● Arahat, Joseon buddhist painting in the 16th century Korea
● are craft of making fabric and textiles produced by the people on the Korean o were popular subjects in court paintings in the late Joseon Dynasty, and dozens
Peninsula. They have a long history, which includes fabrics such as guksa, nobang, of them were produced for various occasions including royal weddings. Peaches
sha, jangmidan, Korean-made jacquard, brocade and satin. Or crafts such as the in these paintings grow only every 3,000 years and symbolizes longevity.
Korean quilts known as bojagi, Korean embroidery, Korean knots, Korean clothing
and the rarer arts of Korean blinds weaving and Korean paper clothing. In old time,
people usually wore natural dyeing clothes.

● Type Of Paintings In Korea

o Buddhist Paintings
o Confucian Paintings
● Korean Knot o Decorative Paintings
o In the ruling palaces, knots were used to signify dignity and prestige. For religious
purposes knots decorated Buddhist ornaments. The most common use of knots
was in Norigae, traditional Korean ornaments worn by women to decorate
clothing.

Korean Paper Art

Tibetan Art
● Korean paper or hanji is the name of traditional handmade paper from [Link] ● Tibetan art refers to the art of Tibet and other present and former Himalayan
is made from the inner bark of Broussonetia papyrifera known colloquially as paper kingdoms (Bhutan, Ladakh, Nepal, and Sikkim). Tibetan art is first and foremost a
mulberry, a tree native to Korea that grows well on its rocky mountainsides, known form of sacred art, reflecting the over-riding influence of Tibetan Buddhism on
in Korean as dak. these cultures.
● Also called the “Himalayan art,” that refers to the art of Tibet and other present and
former Himalayan kingdoms.
● Also called Lamaism, which is a regional form of northern Buddhism.
● In Tibet, many Buddhists carve mantras into rocks as a form of devotion.
● Tibetan Buddhism contains Tantric Buddhism, also known as Vajrayana
Buddhism for its common symbolism of the vajra, the diamond thunderbolt
● Korean Mask (known in Tibetan as the dorje).
o have a long tradition with the use in a variety of contexts. Masks of any type are ● Most of the typical Tibetan Buddhist art can be seen as part of the practice of
called tal (Korean: 탈) in Korean, but they are also known by many others names tantra.
● Vajrayana techniques incorporate many visualizations/imaginations during
such as gamyeon, gwangdae, chorani, talbak and talbagaji. Korean masks come meditation, and most of the elaborate tantric art can be seen as aids to these
with black clothe attached to the sides of the mask designed to cover the back of visualizations; from representations of meditational deities (yidams) to mandalas
the head and also to simulate black hair. and all kinds of ritual implements.
● A visual aspect of Tantric Buddhism is the common representation of wrathful
deities, often depicted with angry faces, circles of flame, or with the skulls of the
dead.
● The artists were largely anonymous despite the existence of flourishing workshops.
● Tibetan art evolved from the 7th century CE

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 ART APPRECIATION (ARTA111)
● Tubo Kingdom is when Tibetan arts have developed. These originated from the 3. Shingzo - Wood Carving
rock paintings in ancient times. The contents of these paintings include animal 4. Parzo - Carving
images of deer, ox, sheep, horse, and more relating to hunting scenes. 5. Dezo - Papermaking
● Religious paintings have made a further progress most especially after introducing 6. Dozo - Masonry
Buddhism to Tibet. 7. Shagzo - Wood Turning
● Historians note that Chinese painting had a profound influence on Tibetan painting 8. Thagzo - Weaving
in general. Starting from the 14th and 15th century, Tibetan painting had 9. Tshemzo – Embroidery
incorporated many elements from the Chinese, and during the 18th century, 10. Lugzo - Casting
Chinese painting had a deep and far-stretched impact on Tibetan visual art. 11. Tsharzo - Cane Weaving
Arts and crafts 12. Garzo - Blacksmithing
● Stone carving, mural painting, and Thangka paintings 13. Troeko - Metal Ornaments
● Often religious in theme
Belief SOUTHEAST ASIAN ART
● Sacred art
● Its drawing elements are from the religions of Buddhism, Hinduism, Bon, and Laotian ART
other tribal groups and others reflecting the overriding influence of Tibetan ● Laos
Buddhism. o the only landlocked country in Southeast Asia
● Tibetan artists followed rules regarding proportions, shape, colour, stance, hand o arts influenced by Theravada Buddhism and Hinduism
positions, and attributes in order to personify correctly the Buddha or deities. o ceramics, Buddhist sculptures and lao music
Sand Mandala ● Lao Buddhist sculptures
● One of the particular types of artwork of Tibetan artists is Sand Mandala. o Were created in a variety of material including:
● It is a spiritual symbol depicting the universe and the cosmos. * Gold, silver and most often bronze
● Has geometric patterns * Brick-and-mortar
● Ceremonies and viewing are done to symbolise the Buddhist doctoral belief in the * Wood
transitory nature of material life when it is being ritualistically dismantled.

Phya Vat (16th Phra Keo (The Emerald Buddha) Phra Phutta Butsavarat
century) in Vientiane, serves as the palladium of the carved from a solid block
Kingdom of Thailand, and resides at
although a of jade.
Bhutanese Art renovation
the Grand Palace in Bangkok.
also enshrined in its own
● The major orders of Buddhism in Bhutan are Drukpa Kagyu and Nyingma. The completely altered chapel at the Grand Palace
former is a branch of the Kagyu School and is known for paintings documenting in Bangkok
the appearance of
the lineage of Buddhist masters and the 70 Je Khenpo (leaders of the Bhutanese the sculpture, and it
monastic establishment). The Nyingma order is known for images of
no longer resembles
Padmasambhava, who is credited with introducing Buddhism into Bhutan in the
7th century. According to legend, Padmasambhava hid sacred treasures for a Lao Buddha.
future Buddhist masters, especially Pema Lingpa, to find. The treasure finders
(tertön) are also frequent subjects of Nyingma art.
● Each divine being is assigned special shapes, colors, and/or identifying objects,
such as lotus, conch-shell, thunderbolt, and begging bowl. All sacred images are
made to exact specifications that have remained remarkably unchanged for
centuries.
● In Bhutan, art remains an essential part of daily life that retains the purity and
handcraft of ancient times that rarely manifests itself in Western Culture. Certainly, Vat Manorom Phra Bang
these practices evolve and adapt through the new generations, but at the same ● Pak ou caves
time it preserves the internal and external spirituality—full of the sacred beliefs of o Near Pak Ou (mouth of the Ou river) the Tham Ting (lower cave) and the Tham
this mystic and mysterious land—of creating a work of art from the past. Theung (upper cave) are near Luang Prabang, Laos.
● For the Bhutanese people, each piece they create represents a religious o magnificent group of caves that are only accessible by boat, about two hours
experience, a connection with something that goes beyond them and enlightens upstream from the center of Luang Prabang.
them creatively, and this is why the 13 Traditional Arts and Crafts, known as Zorig o noted for their impressive Buddhist and Lao style sculptures carved into the cave
Chusum, have prevailed to this day and continue to be one of the most walls, and hundreds of discarded Buddhist figures laid out over the floors and
consequential aspects of Bhutanese culture.
wall shelves.
● The Institute of Zorig Chosum in Thimphu is the premier institution of traditional
arts and crafts set up by the Government of Bhutan with the sole objective of
preserving the rich culture and tradition of Bhutan and training students in all
traditional art forms.
● Bhutanese art is particularly rich in bronzes of different kinds that are collectively
known by the name Kham-so (made in Kham) even though they are made in
Bhutan, because the technique of making them was originally imported from the
eastern province of Tibet called Kham.
● Wall paintings and sculptures, in these regions, are formulated on the principal
ageless ideals of Buddhist art forms. Even though their emphasis on detail is
derived from Tibetan models, their origins can be discerned easily, despite the Thai ART
profusely embroidered garments and glittering ornaments with which these ● Thai art and visual art was traditionally and primarily Buddhist and Royal Art.
figures are lavishly covered. In the grotesque world of demons, the artists Contemporary Thai art often combines traditional Thai elements with modern
apparently had greater freedom of action than when modeling images of divine techniques.
beings. ● Thai traditional arts have numerous distinctive qualities which make them easily
Origin distinguishable
● The 13 Arts are rooted in Buddhism. They are believed to have been introduced by ● Traditional Thai paintings showed subjects in two dimensions without perspective.
Pema Lingpa in the 15th century and categorized in the 17th century by Tenzin ● The primary technique of composition is that of apportioning areas: the main
Rabgye, the 4th Druk Desi—the title given to rulers; it means “thunder dragon” in elements are isolated from each other by space transformers. This eliminated the
reference to Bhutan. Each work of art contains the same principles, symbolisms intermediate ground, which would otherwise imply perspective. Perspective was
and ideologies that make this practice so ancestral, but the artist inevitably leaves introduced only as a result of Western influence in the mid-19th century.
a print of their own style, which contributes to the uniqueness of the piece.
● However, one important aspect of Bhutanese art is that it is always anonymous. If
a work of art bears a name, it is usually the name of the person who commissioned
it, not the artist’s, because the importance of the craft lies in the craft itself, not in
those who produce it. Art speaks for itself, the same as each representation of
belief and value. Thus, these objects decorate every home, temple, and street. The
ornaments are used every day as simple, yet beautiful tools. Colors permeate every
aspect of the paintings, woodwork, sculptures, and embroideries that depict deities,
sacred animals and other relevant imagery.
13 Bhutanese Arts & Crafts
1. Lhazo - Bhutanese Wall Paintings
2. Jimzo - Sculpting

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 ART APPRECIATION (ARTA111)

Corrado Feroci known as a “Father of thai modern art” he is a sculptor

with a thai name Silpa Bhirasi who made Victory Monument.
A 19th century silk pidan

Types of Cambodian weaving

1. Ikat technique (Khmer: chong kiet) - produces patterned fabric and is quite
complex. Cambodia's modern silk-weaving centers are Takéo, Battambang,
Beanteay Meanchey, Siem Reap and Kampot provinces.
Chalermchai Kositpipat is a visual artist, his works have been exhibited
worldwide and known for his use of Buddhist imagery in his art.
Architecture, the style is unique and very memorable with its bright colors,
rich ornamentation and sweeping, multi-tiered roofs, the temple and palace
architecture of Thailand is immediately identifiable.

2. Uneven Twill – Unique to Cambodia

Prasat Hin Phimai is one of the Sukhothai Kingdom, Buddha This period saw the introduction of
famous architecture in Thailand images of the Sukhothai the “walking Buddha post”
build between 11th-12th century. period which is 14th century
are elegant, with sinuous
bodies and slender, oval faces
● This has provided employment for many rural women.
● Sukhothai artists in the 14th century tried to follow the canonical defining marks of Cambodian silk is generally sold domestically, where it is
a Buddha, as they are set out in ancient Pali texts: used in sampot (wrap skirts), furnishings, and pidan
o Skin so smooth that dust cannot stick to it (pictoral tapestries, but interest in international trade is
o Legs like a deer increasing
o Thighs like a banyan tree
o Shoulders as massive as an elephant's head;
o Arms round like an elephant's trunk, and long enough
to touch the knees ● Cotton textiles have also played a significant role in
o Hands like lotuses about to bloom Cambodian culture.
o Fingertips turned back like petals ● Krama, the traditional check scarves worn almost universally
o head like an egg; by Cambodians, are made of cotton.
o Hair like scorpion stingers
o Chin like a mango stone
o Nose like a parrot's beak Non-textile weaving
o Earlobes lengthened by the earrings of royalty ● Basket weaving or “tbanh kantrak”
o Eyelashes like a cow's o Most baskets are made of thinly cut bamboo
o Eyebrows like drawn bows
Cambodian ART
● Cambodian art and the culture of Cambodia has had a rich and varied history
dating back many centuries and has been heavily influenced by India. In turn,
Cambodia greatly influenced Thailand, Laos and vice versa.
● The history of Cambodian art (Khmer: សិល្បៈខ្មែ រ) stretches back centuries to
ancient times, but the most famous period is undoubtedly the Khmer art of the ● Mat weaving (tbanh kantuel)
Khmer Empire (802–1431) o common seasonal occupation.
● Traditional Cambodian arts and crafts include textiles, non-textile weaving, o Mats are commonly laid out for guests and are important building materials for
silversmithing, stone carving, lacquerware, ceramics, wat murals, and kite-making. homes.
● Beginning in the mid-20th century, a tradition of modern art began in Cambodia,
though in the later 20th century both traditional and modern arts declined for
several reasons, including the killing of artists by the Khmer Rouge. The country
has experienced a recent artistic revival due to increased support from
governments, NGOs, and foreign tourists.
Khmer sculpture ● Wicker and rattan crafts (tbanh kanchoeu)
• refers to the stone sculpture of the Khmer Empire, which ruled a territory based o made from dryandra trees are also significant
on modern Cambodia, but rather larger, from the 9th to the 13th century. The
most celebrated examples are found in Angkor, which served as the seat of the
empire. Khmer sculpture soon goes beyond religious representation, which
becomes almost a pretext in order to portray court figures in the guise of gods
and goddesses.
• The gods we find in Khmer sculpture are those of the two great religions of India, Lacquerware
Buddhism and Hinduism. ● The height of Cambodian traditional lacquerware was between the 12th and 16th
centuries
● Because the arts and crafts are part of the daily life of the Cambodian, most farmers
have expanded their business by weaving silk, making silkworms and raising
silkworms in order to produce silk. In recent years, the number of sculptors and
painters has grown. In addition, a unique Khmer style art we see today is a
combination of culture animistic beliefs which is originated by the religions of
Khmer lacquer box; bamboo and wood Lacquer vase
Hinduism and Buddhism of India.
Ceramics
Textile Weaving
● Cambodian pottery traditions date to 5000 BCE. Ceramics were mostly used for
● The art of silk weaving in Cambodia has contributed together with history of the
domestic purposes such as holding food and water.
nation.

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 ART APPRECIATION (ARTA111)
Glazed pottery with An owl-shaped lime A water jar, used as a Rabbit shaped glazed
brown slip; Bayon pot; Angkorian era, container for water or stoneware; Angkorian
period, 12th century 12th-13th century food, Angkorian era era, 11th-12th century
Blacksmithing
● Archeological finds near Angkorian sites in the former Khmer empire have
suggested a wide variety and quality of blacksmithing.

● Preah Vihear Temple - The Charming Cambodian Architecture

Khmer weapons, as recorded in 1880, and still A Khmer-style royal sword (preah khan).
common among Khmer peasants to this day.
Silversmithing
● Silversmithing in Cambodia dates back centuries.
● Silver was made into a variety of items, including weaponry, coins, ceremonial ● Royal Palace - The Shining Cambodian Architecture
objects used in funerary and religious rituals, and betel boxes.

A lotus-shaped Cambodian
bowl (gold and silver alloy),
made c. 1222 CE
Stone-Carving
● Cambodia's best-known stone carving adorns the temples of Angkor, which are Indonesian ART
"renowned for the scale, richness and detail of their sculpture". ● The culture and art of Indonesia has been shaped by interaction between local
● By the 1970s and 1980s, the craft of stone carving was nearly lost. indigenous customs and multiple foreign influences. Situated on the ancient
maritime trading routes between the Near East and the Far East, Indonesia was
exposed to a multitude of foreign cultural practices and religions, including
Hinduism, Buddhism, and Islam. The result is a complex fusion of many different
customs, expressed in Indian art forms.
● Indonesia has a particularly rich tradition of Hindu–Buddhist sculpture and
architecture, and it was strongly influenced by India from the 1st century CE
A stone bas-relief at Bayon A seated figure in a niche; A stone carving at Banteay Srei of
temple depicting the Khmer goddess Tilottama, an Angkorian onward.
950-975 AD; made in the
army at war with the Cham, Bantey Srei style; Dallas temple consecrated in 967 CE. Architectures Of Indonesia
carved c. 1200 CE Museum of Art ● Kenyah dayak longhouse in east kalimantan’s apo
Murals o A Dayak longhouse isn’t just the focal point of a
● The best-known surviving murals are at the Silver Pagoda in Phnom Penh, Wat village: it is the village. These imposing
Rajabo in Siem Reap province, and Wat Kompong Tralach Leu in Kompong structures, sometimes over 200 meters long,
Chhnang Province. In the last decade, wat murals have seen a resurgence, but can contain dozens of separate family
Cambodia's surviving older murals are generally more refined and detailed. apartments, as well as public spaces for
cooking, blacksmithing, ceremonies, and social
life.
o Indigenous kenyah paint design based on, as
commonly found among Austronesian cultures,
endemic natural motifs such as ferns, trees, dog, hornbills and human figures.
A mural of Gautama Buddha A Ramayana mural at Phnom A Ramayana mural at Phnom ● Borobudur Temple
gaining nirvana; Wat Botum Penh's Silver Pagoda Penh's Silver Pagoda o Most notable are the hundreds of meters of
Kite-making relief sculpture at the temple of Borobudur
● Cambodia's kite-making and kite-flying tradition, which dates back many centuries, in central Java. It tells the story of the life
was revived in the early 1990s and is now extremely popular throughout the of Buddha and illustrate his teachings. The
country. temple was originally home to 504 statues
of the seated buddha.
o There are hundreds of meters of relief
sculpture at the temple of Borobudur in
central Java. It tells the story of the life of
Buddha and illustrate his teachings. The temple was originally home to 504
Architectures statues of the seated buddha.
● They produce beautiful arts depicted as a bas-relief on the statues of the Khmer ● Prambanan Temple
ancestors. Nowadays, due to the needs and demands of the tourists, you will find o Near Borobudur is the 9th century
out the Cambodian arts are more into the design of the temples you see in Angkor temple complex of Prambanan, one of
complex. theoldest and largest Hindu temples in
● Angkor Wat - The Most Famous Cambodian Architecture Southeast Asia. The complex consists
of eight main shrines, surrounded by 224
smaller ones. The Indian influence on
the building is unmistakable, not only in
the architectural style but also in the
stone reliefs featuring scenes from the
Hindu epic Ramayana, which adorn the outer walls of the main temples.
Sculptures
● Bayon Temple – The Cambodian Architecture of Mysterious Smiling ● Megalithic sculptures have been discovered in several sites in Indonesia. Wood
and stone are common materials used as the media for sculpting among these
tribes. Between the 8th to 15th century, Javanese civilization has developed a
refined stone sculpting art and architecture which was influenced by Hindu-
Buddhist Dharmic civilization.
● Stone and bronze sculpture flourished between the 8th and 10th century CE under
the Sailendra dynasty in Java and Bali. These sculptures were either free-standing
statues or relief sculptures and friezes incorporated into temples; they are
● Angkor Thom – The Impressive Cambodian Architecture characterized by their delicacy and serenity of expression.
● Most notable are the hundreds of meters of relief sculpture at the temple of
Borobudur in central Java. Approximately two miles of exquisite relief sculpture
tell the story of the life of Buddha and illustrate his teachings. The temple was

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 ART APPRECIATION (ARTA111)
originally home to 504 statues of the seated Buddha. This site, as with others in Traditional Balinese painting Painting from the Ramayana Linga Bawa Shiva's painting is
depicting cockfighting. story, where the king Sugriva based on the symbolism of the
central Java, show a clear Indian influence.
kills his opponent Subali. Ida linga and yoni. I. Goesti Molog
Bagoes Togog
Balinese ART
● Art of Hindu- Javanese origin that grew from the work of artisans of the Majapahit
Kingdom, with their expansion to Bali in the late 13th century.
● From the 16th until 20th centuries the village of Kamasan, Klungkung,( East Bali ),
was the center of classical Balinese art developed.
● During the 1st part of 20th century, new varieties are of Balinese art developed.
Bronze Maitreya Architectural fragment with Roro Jonggrang statue; ● Late 20th century, Ubud and its neighboring villages established a reputation or as
statue a demon's head; 13th-14th 10th century from Java, the center of Balinese Art.
century; Philadelphia Indonesia; Indian and Traditional Balinese Painting
Museum of Art (USA) South East Asian Art. ● COCKFIGHTING by Ketut Ginarsa
o Ubud and Batuan known for their paintings.

The Sleeping Buddha Prajnaparamita of Java statue

from East Java ● Batubulan For Their Stone Carvings
Wood Carvings o “A highly developed although informal Baroque folk art that combines the
● The art of wood carving is quite well-developed in Indonesia. Tribal arts of Asmat, peasants liveliness with the refinement of classicism of Hinduistic Java, but free
Batak, Dayak, Nias, and Toraja area is well known for its refined wood carving conservative prejudice and with a new vitality fired by the exuberance of the
culture demonic spirit of the tropical primitive “. – Covarrubias
● Mas village near Ubud in Bali is renowned for its wood carving art. Balinese o “Balinese art is actually carved, painted woven, and prepared into objects
woodcarving today has a sustained tourist market in Bali. intended for everyday use rather than as object d’ art. -Eiseman

● Mas for their wood carvings

● Celuk for gold and silversmiths
Mask (HudoqLate 19th–early 20th century The Nias adu zatua ● In the 1920s, the arrival of the western artist had a very little influence on the
Kenyah Wood, Borneo, Indonesia Balinese until the post WWII period although there are same accounts over
Qu’ran emphasize by the western presence at the expense of recognizing Balinese
● The Quran also romanized Qur'an or Koran, is creativity.
the central religious text of Islam, believed by ● Bali became an artist enclave (as Tahiti was Paul Gauguin).
Muslims to be a revelation from God (Allah). It is
widely regarded as the finest work in classical
Arabic literature. It is organized in 114 chapters
which consist of verses.

Arts And Crafts

● Calligraphy, mostly based on the Qur'an, is often used as decoration as Islam
forbids naturalistic depictions.
● Modern Indonesia painters use a wide variety of style and themes.
● Indonesian painting before the 19th century is mostly restricted to the decorative
arts, considered to be a religious and spiritual activity, comparable to the pre-1400
European art.
● Balinese paintings are initially the narrative images to depict scenes of Balinese
legends and religious scripts. Adrien Jean le Mayeur Arie Smit Donald Friend

Walter Spies The Merry-go-round

In 2018, scientists reported the discovery of the then-oldest known figurative art ● In Bali in the mid-1930s - Bateson and Mead collected over 2000 paintings,
painting, over 40,000 (perhaps as old as 52,000) years old, of an unknown animal, predominantly from the village of Batuan.
in the cave of Lubang Jeriji Saléh on the Indonesian Island of Borneo. ● This groundbreaking period of creativity reached a peak in the late 1930s.
● Among western artists, Spies and Bonnet are often credited for the modernization
of traditional Balinese Paintings.
● 1950 - Balinese artists incorporated aspects of perspective and anatomy of these
artist.
Vietnamese ART
● Vietnamese art is from one of the oldest of such cultures in the Southeast Asia
region. A rich artistic heritage that dates to prehistoric times and includes: silk
Pettakere Cave "Hand print Paintings depicting evil spirits Javanese Temple in Ruins,
painting, sculpture, pottery, ceramics, woodblock prints, architecture, music,
paintings" in Indonesian mythology 1860. dance and theatre.
The oldest known cave paintings o Encompasses art created in Vietnam or by Vietnamese artists, from ancient
are more than 44,000 years old, times to the present. Vietnamese art has a long and rich history. Clay pottery of
Maros, South Sulawesi,
Indonesia the Neolithic Age dates as far back as 8,000 B.C.E. Decorative elements from
ceramics of the Bronze Age were used to ornament large, elaborately-incised
bronze cast drums of the Dong Son culture that flourished in North Vietnam
o The Chinese influence on Vietnamese art extends into Vietnamese pottery and
ceramics, calligraphy, and traditional architecture. Currently, Vietnamese
lacquer paintings have proven to be quite popular.
o Beginning in the 19th century, modern art and French artistic influences spread
into Vietnam. In the early 20th century, the École Supérieure des Beaux Arts de
l’Indochine (Indochina College of Arts) was founded to teach European

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 ART APPRECIATION (ARTA111)
methods and exercised influence mostly in the larger cities, such as Hanoi and Eliza Chawi
Ho Chi Minh City. ● The oldest weaver of traditional Kankanaey cloth in the
o Modern Vietnamese artists began to utilize French techniques with many Cordilleras
traditional mediums such as silk, lacquer, etc., thus creating a unique blend of
eastern and western elements.

Wood Carving
● Woodcarvings from Palawan also depict animals like birds, which are
representations of their religious beliefs.
● In Mindanao, the Tausug and Maranao people are known for their okir. Their
Dong Son Drums common subjects include the sarimanok, naga and the pako rabong.
● Type of ancient bronze drum created by the Đông Sơn culture that existed in ● Each subject is a representation of symbols depict their beliefs as a people.
the Red River Delta. ● The Okir (motif) is an exclusive artistic cultural heritage of the Maranaos of Lanao,
● The Nguyen dynasty, the last ruling dynasty of Vietnam (1802-1945), saw a Philippines.
renewed in ceramics and porcelain art ● It is as an artistic design of the Maranao native inhabitants of southern Philippines
● Ancient Architecture in Vietnamese from Ly Dynasty beginning from the early 6th Century C.E. before the Islamization of the area.
Pako rabong
● An ancient indigenous form of the Maranaw artistic design is the Pako rábong.
The "pakô", or "piyako", refers to the
beautiful motif that copied from
"Salimbayan-pilipit" design of the leaf. It
literally means "sumisibol o yumayabong
na pakô."
● It is often used in clothes and fabrics laid
out as décor indoors. It was also
designed with gold and silver jewelry.

Sarimanok
● The Sarimanok is the legendary bird that has become an ubiquitous symbol of
Maranao art.
Ly dynasty Vietnamese Calligraphy Quốc ngữ ● It is depicted as a fowl with colorful wings and
opened the new change for has had a long history in a Lunar New Year banner feathered tail, holding a fish on its beak or talons.
architecture during Vietnam, previously using written in Vietnamese
developing feudal state. Chinese characters along with ● The head is profusely decorated with scroll, leaf, and
calligraphy; the Quốc ngữ
chu nom. spiral motifs.
syllables
● It is said to be a symbol of good fortune
Vietnamese calligraphy
History of Philippine Art
● Calligraphy has had a long history in Vietnam, previously using Chinese
Spoliarium
characters along with chữ nôm. However, most modern Vietnamese calligraphy
● Large-scale academic painting garnered a gold
instead uses the Roman-character based Quốc Ngữ, which has proven to be medal and signified that the reformists could
very popular. come at par with their European counterparts.
● At the same time, Luna’s win signaled the start
PHILIPPINE ART of the Filipino’s call for equality.
● Philippines has had a rich history.
● Various art genres have arisen in the Philippine art scene over time.
● Employed art not only for daily activities but also for religious As modern paintings started to emerge, a triumvirate of artist was formed
● ceremonies and customs.
● Pottery, weaving, carving, metalwork, and jewelry
Pottery
● Pottery produced items that are of practical value for the early Filipinos, such as
pots for cooking and large vases for storing.
● Said to be one of the earliest art forms used by early Filipino people.
● One of the most prominent artifacts related to pottery Manunggul Jar found in
Palawan. Carlos Francisco Galo B. Ocampo Victorio Edades
Manunggul Jar
José Honorato Lozano
● Represent the religious beliefs and practices of early
● Was a Filipino Asian Antiquities artist who was born in 1815.
Filipino People.
● Known today as the visual chronicler and ethnographic painter par excellence of
● Serves as a burial jar, which depicts two men rowing a
life in the Philippines in the second and third quarters of the 19th Century.
boat.
● He is also renowned as the father of the art form known as Letras y Figuras -
● reflects their belief in afterlife-the crossing of the body of
literally 'Letters and Figures.' Mostly watercolors on Manila paper, these artworks
water is a transition from life here on earth unto the next.
depict views of quotidian Philippine life in the 19th century.
● Paintings of Jose Honorato Lozano has clear indication of East and West
Weaving
influence.
● a method of textile production in which two distinct sets of yarns or threads are
Kut-kut Art
interlaced at right angles to form a fabric or cloth.
● Kut-kut art is another technique of combining ancient Oriental and European art
● People from Cordillera are one of the famous artisans of weaving.
process.
Lang dulay
● It is considered a lost art and highly collectible art form. Very few known art
● A Filipino traditional weaver who was a recipient of the
pieces existed today.
National Living Treasures Award.
● The technique was practiced by the indigenous people of Samar Island between
● She is credited with preserving her people's tradition of
early 1600 and late 1800.
weaving T'nalak, a dyed fabric made from refined abaca
● A.D. Kut-kut is an exotic Philippine art form based on early century techniques—
fibre.
sgraffito, encaustic and layering.
● The merging of these ancient styles produces a unique artwork characterized by
T’nalak delicate swirling interwoven lines, multi-layered texture and an illusion of three-
● Weaving tradition of the T'boli people of South dimensional space.
Cotabato, Philippines. Modern Sculptures
● T'nalak cloth are woven from abacá fibers. ● It is notable that when modernism was introduced in the Philippines in the late
● The traditional female weavers are known as dream 1920s, the practice of figurative painting using pigments on a two- dimensional
weavers, because the pattern of the t'nalak cloth surface was just over a hundred years old.
are inspired by their dreams. ● Spanish Colonial Period art forms
● They use this particular cloth to make ornaments, ● Sculpture of saints replaced the anito carvings during the 17th century.
which also represent their beliefs through symbols.
● One example is the image of the frog, which is their
representation for fertility.

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 ART APPRECIATION (ARTA111)
● Juan De Los Santos Bahay Kubo wood or bamboo. The structure was
o The earliest known sculptor in the Philippines is the 17th usually four-walled with tukod windows.
century sacristan, sculptor and silversmith. ● In the ancient times, early Filipinos lived
o few of his extant works may be found at the San Agustin in houses which were made of wood,
Convent museum. bamboo, and palm leaves. All houses
o One of his famous work is the “Retablo”.
had a ladder which could be drawn up at
night. They also have a place under
● This “retablo” (altarpiece) was executed in their house where they keep rice,
1617 by the carver Juan de los Santos, as Bagubo and Kalinga chickens, and firewood.
the main altarpiece of San Agustin Church in ● people used this type of house for
Manila. protection from enemies and wild
animals on the ground.
● This “retablo” shows the symmetry of Famous Philippine Artists
Renaissance architecture, and the broken Felix Resurreccion Hidalgo (1855-1913)
arch pediment in the upper part the influence ● Félix Resurrección Hidalgo y Padilla was a Filipino artist.
of mannerist style. ● He is acknowledged as one of the greatest Filipino painters of the late 19th
Retablo century
● The original wood gilded image of “santos” ● Hidalgo won a silver medal for his entry in large canvas,
(Saints) that filled the niches were stolen by Christian Virgins Exposed to the Populace (Las Virgenes
Cristianas Expuestas al Populacho) at the Madrid
the British in 1762, and the North American
Exposition of Fine Arts.
soldiers in 1898. Some of the “santos” that
● In 1984 Madrid Exposition, he set up residence in Paris to
are actually in the niches, were donated in serve a quieter life.
1971 by Enrique Santamaría; others came ● He painted Charon’s Boat and Oedipus and Antigone.
from the Augustinian Monastery of Cebú. ● Hidalgo returned to Manila in 1912 for a visit but returned to
Paris despite the pleas of his ailing mother.
Modern Sculptures: 19th Century
● The painting was a silver medalist during
● Filipino sculptors came to be known in the middle of 19th Century.
the 1884 Exposicion General de Bellas
● Classical Philippine sculpture reached its peak in the works of Guillermo Tolentino
(1890-1976). Artes in Madrid, Spain, also known as the
● Guillermo Tolentino Madrid Exposition.
o He is consider as the “Father of Philippine Arts” because
of his great works like the famous “Bonifacio Monument” Las Virgenes Cristianas ● Regarded as one of the national treasures
symbolizing Filipinos cry for freedom located in Expuertas al Populacho of the Philippines, a copy of the painting is
intersection of EDSA and Rizal Avenue and “The (Christian Virgins Exposed to part of the art collection of the Bangko
Oblation” in UP signifying academic freedom. the Populace) Sentral ng Pilipinas (Central Bank of the
o represents the National Artist Awards for Sculpture in Philippines).
1973.
● It was built way back November 30, 1933. ● The original was destroyed in a fire at the
University of Valladolid in Spain
● It was designed by the National Artist Guillermo
Tolentino to commemorate Philippine revolutionary ● Is an 1887 oil on canvas and allegorical
Andrés Bonifacio, the founder and Supremo of the painting by award-winning Filipino painter
Katipunan. Félix Resurrección Hidalgo.

● The work was a gold medalist during the

Bonifacio La barca de Aqueronte
Exposicion General de las Filipinas in
Monument (Charon’s Boat)
Madrid.
● Napoleon Abueva ● Also won an award
o Recognized as the “Father of Modern Philippine
Sculpture”, Abueva helped shape the local sculpture
scene to what it is now.
o Was the youngest National Artist awardee.
o He used almost all kinds of materials for his sculptures
such as hard wood, adobe, metal, stainless steel, Oedipus Y Antigone (Oedipus
cement, marble, bronze, iron, alabaster, coral and brass. and Antigone)
● It was included in the 1st ASEAN Sculpture
symposium at Fort Canning Hill, Singapore, and His Sunrise (1985) revealed his ingenuity in painting landscape and
has been there ever since. seascapes

● The Fredesvinda was nicknamed 'The Ship of

ASEAN' as its structure represent the skeleton of
a ship.
Fredesvinda ● It also symbolises ASEAN unity and cooperation. Barcos... en el Horizonte , 1893 Seascape

Architecture ● was one of the two portraits he did for his

● The Filipino signature is also very evident in architecture. mother in Paris.
● One famous examples of this is how the Philippines intentionally adapted the
Baroque style of architecture which is famous in Europe at that time to the ● Félix Resurrección Hidalgo, Portrait of the
earthquake-prone environment of the Philippines. This became known as the Artist's Mother, 1897, Bangko Sentral ng
Filipino Baroque with the Earthquake Baroque being its famous variant that is Pilipinas
The Artist’s Mother
present in the famous churches of the Philippines.
● The architecture of the classical period of the Philippines is based on vernacular Juan Luna (1857-1899)
architecture for most of its centuries and Islamic architecture in some coastal ● Juan Luna de San Pedro y Novicio Ancheta was a Filipino painter, sculptor and a
areas at the south, plus the interior of Lanao, after the 13th century. political activist of the Philippine Revolution
● Ancient Filipinos lived in big settlements along sheltered bays, coastal areas, and during the late 19th century.
mouths of rivers. ● He became one of the first recognized
● The roof of the first Philippine houses, nipa huts, or bahay kubo, were high Philippine artists.
pitched and usually open gabled to allow for ventilation. ● He won a gold medal in the 1984 Madrid
● The Bahay Kubo is the native house of Expositionof Fine Arts, along with the silver win
the Philippines and is also considered of fellow Filipino painter Félix Resurrección
as its national shelter. Hidalgo, which prompted a celebration that was
● These houses were elevated three to a major highlight in the memoirs of members of
four meters of the ground, supported by the Propaganda Movement, with the fellow
Ilustrados toasting to the two painters' good health and to the brotherhood
between Spain and the Philippines.

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 ART APPRECIATION (ARTA111)
● Shortly before his marriage to Maria de la Paz Pardo de Tavera he visited The ● Amorsolo originally painted Dalagang Bukid
Hague and the seacoast of Scheveningen. In this place, he wrote two in 1958 in oil on canvas. The painting bears
masterpieces. The Dream of Love, a sensuous portrait of his sleeping wife Paz, his smiling muse, who is wearing baro't
whom he suspected of infidelity and shot to death in a jealous rage in 1872, and saya and carrying a banga (clay jar).
the celebrated Tampuhan, which he painted on his return to the Philippines.
● Upon his return to the Philippines 1894, after an absence of 17 years, he painted
Houses by a Narrow Road, one of the several views of Marikina. He died in Hong
Kong at the of 41.
● A "dreamy" oil on wood painting by Filipino painter Dalagang Bukid
and revolutionary activist Juan Luna. It depicts Vicente Manansala (1910-1981)
Luna's wife Maria de la Paz Pardo de Tavera while ● Vicente Silva Manansala was a Filipino cubist painter
sound asleep. and illustrator.
● It is currently a part of the art collection of the Lopez ● He was a member of the prominent Cruz, Manansala,
Ensueños de Amor Museum. Lopez family clan.
(Daydreams of ● He is considered one of the 13 Moderns, a group of
Love) modernists associated with Victorio Edades.
● An 1895 classic oil on canvas impressionist painting ● He was given a posthumous recognition as a National
Artist 1982.
by Filipino painter and revolutionary activist Juan
Luna.
● Madonna of the Slums is a portrayal of a mother and
● It depicts a Filipino man and a Filipino woman
child from the countryside who became urban shanty
Tampuhan having a lovers' quarrel.
residents once in the city.
● It was painted shortly after he was granted pardon
by Alfonso XIII for his involvement in the Philippine
Revolution.
Madonna of the
Lady with Guitar Slums
● a painting by Filipino painter Juan Luna. Luna, ● This artwork was done in 1981 same year that
working on canvas, started in 1886 and later Manansala became National Artist for Visual Arts and
completed in 1887 during the artist's honeymoon in also the year wherein he died. He invested each human
Venice after his wedding to Paz Pardo de Tavera. figure with inner fortitude, making each one a stoic
Hymen, oh
The painting was submitted by Luna to the Give Me This figure of human dignity.
Hyménée!
Exposition Universelle in 1889 in Paris, France, Dairy (1981)
where it garnered a bronze medal. The picture Carlos “Botong” V. Francisco (1912-1969)
recreates a scene of a Roman wedding ritual ● One of the best mural artist the country was ever had.
specifically the bride's entrance into the groom's ● He created enormous canvasses that chronicled the
hom. mythical world of the Filipino and its history, often
Fernando Amorsolo (1892-1972) seeking inspiration from tradition, folklore, myths,
● Fernando Amorsolo y Cueto was one of the most important artists in the history legends, and customs.
of painting in the Philippines. ● In his paintings, he featured Filipinos living in provincial
● Amorsolo was a portraitist and painter of rural Philippine landscapes. He is towns and barrios.
popularly known for his craftsmanship and mastery in the use of light. ● He also painted vital events in Philippine History.
● National Artist Awardee. ● The mural paintings he did were not only on Christian lowlanders but on Muslims
● In his golden years (1920-1945), he reaped various honors. and other cultural communities as well.
● went to Madrid in 1917 to study museum classics after receiving a scholarship ● He stayed permanently in Angono where he became the first major regional artist.
grant from a rich businessman named Enriquez Zobel. In Angono, he refined the style he had made his own, his personal version of
● He exhibited 40 of his genres and landscape at the Art Center of New York Post-Impressionism grafted into the Philippine context.
World’s Fair where he was acclaimed the best popular vote.
● Bayanihan means being a hero to
● Armorsolo was also appointed Director of the School of Fine Arts of the University
one another. As in the classic
of the Philippines.
● He also did splendid illustration work in Graphics, Liwayway, Sunday Tribune, tradition of carrying a house. It is
Tagalog novels such as Madaling Araw and Parusa ng Bayan, and posters and probably most clearly and
brochures. impressively displayed in the old
● Fernando Amorsolo with a portrait of his tradition of neighbors helping a
Bayanihan relocating family by getting
first wife, Salud Tolentino Jorge, who died
in 1931 leaving him with six children. This enough volunteers to carry the
beautiful painting, believed to have been whole house, and literally moving
lost or destroyed during the war, is one of it to its new location.
his best ● Filipino Struggles Through History
Fernando Amorsolo with was a commissioned for the
His Wife Portrait Manila City Government in 1964
● An interior scene of a blind man gently during the mayoral tenure of
Antonio Villegas. And was
strumming a guitar as a woman leans in
Filipino Struggles Through History installed at the Bulwagang
towards him with an adoring gaze.
Katipunan
● On April 8, 1996, the artwork was
declared a National Cultural
Treasure by then National
El Ciego (The Blind Man) Museum director Gabriel S. Casal.
● The Burning of Manila was painted by ● Winning the first prize at the first
Fernando Amorsolo, a famous Filipino competition of the Art Association
painter. of the Philippines in 1948 through
● This artwork depicts the idea how the this entry.
Manila is devastated during that time.
● This painting shows the Battle of Manila Kaingin
The Burning of Manila happened during the Japanese era, he
depicted the tragedy and horror in this
battle.
● This oil painting on canvas depicts a rural
scene where a group of people are shown
celebrating a fiesta in Antipolo.
● The main focus is on a pair of dancers in
the field surrounded by revelers both young The First Mass in the Philippines
and old. Mauro Malang Santos (1928)
Antipolo Fiesta

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 ART APPRECIATION (ARTA111)
● Mauro (Malang) Santos, commonly known as just Malang, is a Filipino cartoonist ● faculty member of the UP Conservatory of Music where he taught harmony,
and illustrator. compositions, and music history as well as violoncello.
● He was born on January 20, 1928, in Santa Cruz, the ● a conductor in the concert stage of various schools,
Philippine Islands and, at the age of 19, dropped out of church, choirs, orchestra, bands, and rondallas.
formal education in order to begin working in the art ● composed the zarzuela Ate Maria and hatinggabi.
department of the Manila Chronicle. ● was member of the UP President’s Committee on Filipino
● In the 1960’s, he emerged as a serious artist with a knack
Folksongs and Dances and Secretary of the Conservatory
in abstract painting.
of Music.
● His illustration of Ang Kiukok formed the basis of a style in its enumeration of
images, range of warm colors, and evocation of joyous parochialism. ● received honors as a conductor of the Monserrat
Philharmonic Band, the Yellow Taxi Orchestra, and Yellow Taxi Rondalla and the
operas Madame Butterfly, La Giaconda, La Fuerza del Destino, and Cavalleria
Rusticana.
Lucio D. San Pedro (1912-2002)
● born in 1913
Bird Mountain , The Kiukok ● married to Gertudes Diaz and had 5 children.
Mauro "Malang" Santos 1988 ● During his graduation in Grade VII, he played the Poet and
Collaboration Peasant Overture on the banjo.
(1928 - 2017) Fruit ● started composing songs in college and conducted the UP
Vendor , 1997 ROTC Band.
Jose Joya (1931- 1995) ● was assistant conductor and later, conductor of the
● graduated as a Magna Cum Laude at the University of the Philippines in 1953. Musical Philippines Philharmoni Orchestra and a musical
● He was also a recipient of the fullbright Scholarship at the presented at the Metropolitan Theatre.
Cranbrook Academy of Art in 1957. ● won many prizes for his works
● By the late 1950s, he had immerses himself on new idioms ● was connected with major conservatories in the country and wrote sacred and
of contemporary art through the print media and regular secular vocal music, overtures, tones, poems, symphonic poems, and quartets.
exhibitions at the Philippine Art Gallery. SYMMETRY ART (OKIR/UKKIL)
● In the 1960s, he started to apply paint more thinly on canvas; ● Okir/Ukkil
the form grew increasingly geometric with circles as the main motifs.
o traditional designs that comes from an old Malayan word that has the same
ADDITIONAL INFOS
derivative meaning as the Tagalog word "ukit" which means to carve often
(PICTURES CANNOT
rendered in hardwood and brass, depict animals, plants and mythical figures in
BE FOUND ON
highly decorative, long curvilinear lines and secondary arabesques.
GOOGLE):
o Okir is a Maranao pronunciation while Okkil is Maguindanaon. It refers to
Cadmium Red Square
Granadean Arabesque, Jose Joya (1931 - carving and consequently as to any type of design prominent among the Moro
and Binhi, both created
1958 (Ateneo Art 1995) Mirage , 1975 ethno-linguistic communities.
in 1971, represented
Gallery Collection) o Okir or okkil is the term for geometric and flowing designs (often based on an
Joya’s shift to decorative
elaborate leaf and vine pattern) and folk motifs that can be usually found in
painting-more dramatic
Maranao and Muslim-influenced artwork, especially in the southern Philippines,
in style and the visual
and in some parts of Southeast Asia.
tensions visible.
Famous Philippine Composers
Col. Antonio Buenaventura (1904-1996)
● Obtained a Teacher’s Diploma in Composition and Conducting from the University
of the Philippines and later on became a faculty member of
the UP Conservatory of Music.
● In 1937, he was commissioned into the military service and
later became music instructor and band conductor of the
PMA in Baguio City.
● He reorganized the world famous Philippine Constabulary
● Band and appointed as assistant conductor of Manila
Symphony Orchestra and was a member of the UP
President’s Committee on Folk Songs and Dances.
● Composed short piano pieces, hymns and songs, pieces, and theater music.
Lucrecia R. Kasilag (1917-2008)
● Obtained a Music Teacher’s Diploma major in Piano from
St. Scholastica’s University in 1949.
● Was scholarship grantee of the Fullbright Foundation at the
Eastman School of Music degree major in theory and minor
in composition.
● Became the administrator of the Cultural Center of the
Philippines.
Felipe Padilla (1912-1992)
● Felipe Padilla de Leon was a composer, conductor and a
former student of Col. Buenaventura at the UP
Conservatory of Music.
● After Graduation in 1939, he was appointed assistant
instructor at the UP Department of Science and
Composition where he taught history and music subjects.
● technical assistant on cultural affairs in the Office of the President of the Philippines.
● Was President of the Filipino Society of composers, Authors, and Publishers.
● President of the Pambansang Samahan ng mga Banda sa Pilipinas and the Diwa
ng Nuweba Esih.
● Trustee of the Music Promotion Foundation of the Philippines;
● Director of the SONGFEST Philippines and the Felin Institute of the Philippines.
Antonio Molina (1894-1980)
● born in 1894,

TRANSCRIBED BY: EIZEL ABARENTOS | BSN 1 – Y1 – 8