Aa¨vq t-2: e¨emvq D‡`¨vM I D‡`¨v³v
Ávbg~jK cÖ‡kœvËi:
cÖkœ-1. D‡`¨M Kx?
DËi: †h‡Kv‡bv Kv‡Ri Kg©cÖ‡PóvB D‡`¨vM|
cÖkœ-2. e¨emvq D‡`¨vM Kx?
DËi: SuywU I `„p g‡bvej wb‡q cwikÖg Kivi Kg©cÖ‡PóvB n‡jv e¨emvq
D‡`¨vM|
cÖkœ-3. cwiwgZ cwigvb SzuwK Kx?
DËi: AwaK jv‡fi m¤¢¨ebv ev AwaK †jvKmv‡bi AwbwðqZv †_‡K cwiÎvY cvIqvi
‡KŠkjB n‡jv cwiwgZ cwigvY SzwKu|
cÖkœ-4. gvbem¤ú` Dbœq Kx?
DËi: bZzb m¤ú` m„wó Kiv, hvi d‡j †`‡k bZzb D‡`¨v³v m„wói gva¨‡g
gvbem¤ú` Dbœqb Kiv nq|
cÖkœ-5. mdj D‡`¨v³i we‡kl ¸Y Kx?
DËi: mdj D‡`¨v³vi we‡kl ¸Y n‡jv, cwiewZ©Z cwiw¯’wZi mv‡_ Lvc LvB‡q Pjv
Ges A‡b¨i Ici cÖfve we¯Ív‡ii ÿgvZ|
cÖkœ-6 ciwbf©kxjZv `~ixKiY Kx?
DËi: A‡b¨i Ici wbf©iZv n‡jv ciwbf©ikxjZv| e¨emvq D‡`¨v‡Mi mwVK
e¨env‡ii gva¨‡g ciwbf©ikxjZv `~i Kiv hvq|
cÖkœ-7 DbœZ AeKvVv‡gvMZ Dcv`b Kx?
DËi: DbœZ AeKvVv‡gvMZ Dcv`vb n‡jv we`y¨r, M¨vm I hvZvqZe¨e¯’v|
DËi: 8. e¨emv‡qi SuywK Kx?
DËi: †h‡Kv‡bv mgq Drcvw`Z c‡Y¨i A_ev mieivnK…Z †mevi Pvwn`v K‡g
†h‡Z cv‡i| Gi d‡j AwR©Z gybvdv K‡g †h‡Z cv‡i| GB m¤¢vebvB e¨emv‡qi
SuywK|
cÖkœ-9. Avw_©K SyuwK Kx?
DËi: e¨emv‡qi †ÿ‡Î D‡`¨v³v †h cwigvY gybvdv Avkv K‡i, ev¯Í‡e Zvi †P‡q Kg
gybvdv AwR©Z n‡j ZvB Avw_©K SzwuK|
cÖkœ-10. e¨emvq D‡`¨vM MÖn‡Yi Ab¨Zg evav n‡jv A_©ms¯’v‡bi
Ach©vßZv|
Abyavebg~jK cÖ‡kœvËi:
cÖkœ-1. e¯‘Z me wkí cÖwZôv‡bi gvwjKvB D‡`¨v³v - e¨L¨v Ki?
DËi: hvi D‡`¨vM Av‡Q wZwbB D‡`¨v³v| wkí cÖwZôv‡bi gvwjK cÖ_g Rxe‡b
ÿy`ª e¨emvq cÖwZôvi gva¨‡g e¨emvq ïiæ K‡ib| `„p g‡bvej, K‡Vvi
Aa¨vemvq I Kg©cÖ‡Póvi gva¨‡g ax‡i ax‡i wZwb e„nr wkí cÖwZôv‡bi
gvwjK nb| cÖ_‡g Zviv D‡`¨vM MªnY K‡i †m †gvZv‡eK KvR K‡i wkí cÖwZôvb
¯’vcb K‡ib| Avi Gfv‡eB GKRb wkí cÖwZôv‡bi gvwjK D‡`¨v³v wn‡m‡e
AvZ¥cÖKvk K‡ib|
cÖkœ-2. e¨emvq D‡`¨vM †eKviZ¡ n«vm K‡i- e¨vL¨v Ki|
DËi: e¨emvq D‡`¨‡Mi gva¨‡g GKRb D‡`¨v³v wb‡Ri DcvR©‡bi e¨e¯’v Ki‡Z
cv‡Î| wb‡Ri Rb¨ Kg©ms¯’v‡bi my‡hvM m„wó Ki‡Z cv‡i| e¨emvq D‡`¨vM
gvwj‡Ki Kg©ms¯’vv‡bi cvkvcvwk Ab¨‡`i Rb¨I Kg©ms¯’v‡bi my‡hvM m„wó
K‡i| G‡Z K‡i †eKviZ¡ n«vm cvq| hye mgvR nZvkv †_‡K gy³ nq|
cÖkœ-3. AwR©Z gybvdv GKwÎZ K‡i g~jab MVb K_vwUi A_© Kx
DËi: g~jab n‡”Q e¨emv‡qi cÖvY¯^iæc| e¨emvq k~iæ Kivi mgq g~jab
e¨emvq Abv nq| †mB g~jab e¨emv‡q h_vZ_fv‡e e¨envi K‡i e¨emv‡q
gybvdv AR©b Kiv nq| cieZ©x mg‡q †mB AwR©Z gybdvi Ask cybivq
e¨emv‡q wewb‡qvM Kiv nq| g~jab Qvov †Kv‡bv e¨emvq Kvh©µg m¤¢e
bq|
cÖkœ-4. ÔAwf½Zv †_‡K wkÿv MÖnY D‡`¨v³vi we‡kl ¸Y|Õ e¨vL¨v Ki|
DËi: cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK e¨emv‡q wb‡K _vK‡Z n‡j cÖwkÿY I AwfÄZv
cª‡qvRb| e¨emv‡q c~e© AwfÁZv D‡`¨v³v‡K mdjZvi mv‡_ e¨emvq
cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z mnvqZv K‡i| AwfÁZvm¤úbœ D‡`¨v³ e¨emv‡qi †h‡Kv‡bv
mgm¨v Lye mn‡R mgvavb Ki‡Z cv‡i| ckvMZ Awf½Zv _vK‡j bZzb Kv‡RI
D‡`¨v³ SzuwK³v SuywK n«vm Ki‡Z cv‡i|
cÖkœ-5. KvwiMwi I e„wËg~jK wkÿvi Ach©vßZv evsjv‡`‡ki e¨e¯’vq D‡`¨vM
Dbœq‡b evav-e¨vL¨v Ki|
DËi: Avgv‡`i †`‡ki mvaviY wkÿe¨e¯’v gyL¯’wbf©i I Zvw˦K wkÿvµ‡gi Ici
cÖwZwôZ| `xN©w`b hver G e¨e¯’v P‡j Avm‡Q| c„_K KvwiMwi I e„wËg~jK
wkÿv cÖPwjZ _vK‡jI †gavex wkÿv_©x‡`i AvMÖn Kg| Ab¨w`‡K mvaviY
wkÿve¨e¯’vq KvwiMwi I e„wËg~jK wkÿv AšÍf©y³ bv _vKvq A‡bK wkÿv_x©
G m¤ú‡K© fv‡jvfv‡e Rvb‡ZI cv‡i bv| d‡j e¨emvq D‡`¨vM MÖn‡Yi Af¨vm
M‡o D‡Vwb|
m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœvËi t 01
AvaywbK we‡k^ e¨emvq mnR KvR bq| GLv‡b e¨vcK cÖwZ‡hvwMZv i‡q‡Q|
gybvdv AR©b KiZ n‡j e¨vcK SzuwK MÖnY Ki‡Z nq| G Rb¨ D‡`¨v³v‡K
me©‡ÿ‡Î mRvM _vK‡Z nq| D‡`¨v³viv Rb¥MZfv‡eB D‡`¨v³v| Rb¥MZfv‡eB
wZwb eû e¨w³MZ ¸‡Yi AwaKvix nb, hv Zv‡K D‡`¨v³ wn‡m‡e L¨vwZ jvf Ki‡Z
mnvqZv K‡i| eZ©gvb mg‡q Aek¨ wkÿv, cÖwkÿY Ges my‡hvM-myweav
cÖ`v‡bi gva¨‡g D‡`¨v³ m„wó Kiv hvq|
K. GKRb D‡`¨v³vi cÖavb Mybvewj KqwU?
L. Avwe®‹viK I D™¢vebKvixi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ `vI|
M. D‡`¨v³ P¨v‡jÄg~jK KvR Ki‡Z we‡kl Avb›` cvb †Kb?
N. D‡`¨v³ Rb¥j™¢ bv wkÿv jä- e¨L¨ Kvi|
DËi t (K)
GKRb D‡`¨v³i cÖavb ¸Yvewj 12wU|
DËi t (L)
L. Avwe®‹viK bZzb wRwb‡mi Rb¥ †`q| Avi D™¢vebKvix n‡jb D‡`¨v³| G‡`i
g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ n‡jvÑ
Avwm®‹viK m¤ú~Y© bZzb wRwbm ev bZyb aviYvi D™¢veb K‡ib|
Ab¨w`‡K D™¢vebKvix Avwe®‹…Z wRwbm ev aviYv‡K Kv‡R cÖ‡qvM K‡i
_v‡Kb|
DËi t (M)
e¨emvq D‡`¨vM n‡jv GKwU m„Rbkxj KvR| GKRb Avwe®‹viK †hgb bZzb
wRwbm Avwe®‹vi K‡ib, †Zgwb GKRb D‡`¨v³ n‡jb GKRb D™¢veK| whwb
bZzb D™¢vweZ wRwbmwU‡K cÖ‡qvM Kivi bZzb aviYv m„wó‡Z D‡`¨vM
MÖnY K‡ib| D‡`¨v³ SuywK wb‡q A_© I kÖg wewb‡qvM K‡i D‡`¨vM MÖnY
K‡ib| gybvdv‡hvMÖ my‡hvM MÖn‡Yi Rb¨ GKRb D‡`¨v³ e¨emvq SzuwK,
Avw_©K SzuwKÑ G¸‡jv‡K P¨v‡jÄ wn‡m‡e MÖnY K‡ib| gP¨v‡jÄ MÖn‡Yi
mv‡_ mv‡_ D‡`¨v³ bZzb cY¨ ev †mev m„wói †Póv K‡ib| A_©vr bZzb c‡Y¨i
DbœZ cÖ‡qvM I e¨envi D™¢ve‡bi †Póv K‡ib| G‡Z mvgvwRK I A_©‰bwZK
Ae¯’vi cwieZ©b N‡U| AZtci e¨emvq cÖZ¨vwkZ gybvdv I mdjZv AwR©Z n‡j
D‡`¨v³v Lywk nb| G Rb¨ D‡`¨v³ P¨v‡jÄg~jK KvR Ki‡Z we‡kl Avb›` cvb|
DËi t (N)
D‡`¨vM MÖnYKvix e¨w³ n‡jv D‡`¨v³v|
wbijmfv‡e KvR K‡i mdjZv AvYq‡bi Rb¨ D‡`¨v³v‡K cwikÖgx n‡Z nq| D‡`¨v³
bZzb wKQz Kivi j‡ÿ¨ D‡`¨vM MÖnY K‡i Ges IB D‡`¨vM mdj KiZ wbeijfv‡e
KvR K‡i|
ÔD‡`¨v³ ˆZwi Kiv hvq bv, Rb¥MZfv‡eB D‡`¨v³vi m„wó nqÕ- G K_vwU
hyw³msMZ bq Ges Gi mv‡_ GKgZ †cvlY Kiv hvq bv|
D‡`¨v³v ïay gvÎ Rb¥m~‡ÎB m„wó nq bv evs wewfbœ wkÿv, cÖwkÿY I
AbyK~j cwi‡ek m„wói gva¨‡gI D‡`¨v³vi m„wó I Zv‡`i Dbœqb mvab Kiv m¤
¢e| D‡`¨v³vi `iKvwi me ˆewkó¨ ev ¸Yvewj cÖwkÿ‡Yi ØvivI RvwM‡q †Zvjv
hvq ev AR©b Kiv hvq, hv D‡`¨v³v nIqvi †cQ‡b Ab~K~j cÖfve †d‡j| Avevi
A‡b‡K cvwievwiK HwZn¨ n‡Z wkÿv AR©b K‡i D‡`¨v³ n‡q _v‡K| Z‡e †mRb¨
Zv‡K h_vh_ cÖwkÿY MªnY Ki‡Z I D‡`¨³v n‡Z Drmvnx K‡i| †gav mevi gv‡S
Kg †ewk _v‡K Ges h_vq_ wkÿv I cÖwkÿ‡Yi Øviv Gi weKvk NU‡bv hvq|
D‡`¨v³v n‡Z n‡j e¨emvq-evwYR¨ ev wkí welqK Ávb †hgb cY¨ Drcv`b,
wkíKviLvbv ¯’vcb I e¨e¯’vcbv welqK Ávb _vKv A¨Z¨vek¨K hv gvbyl
Rb¥MZfv‡e AR©b Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| †Kv‡bv e¨w³i g‡a¨ K…wZZ¡ AR©‡bi
AvKv•Lv eZ©gvb _vK‡j Zv‡K AvbyôvwbK wkÿv, cÖwkÿY `vb Ges AbyK~j
cwi‡ek m„wói gva¨‡g D‡`¨v³v wn‡m‡e Dbœqb Kiv hvq| gvby‡li g‡`¨ †hme
¸Yvewj ev ˆewkô¨ myße¯’vq we`¨gvb Zv cÖvK…wZKfv‡e Lye KgB weKwkZ
nq| AZGe, Dch©y³ D‡`¨v³ Rb¥MZfv‡eB m„wó nq bv, D‡`¨v³ m„wó ev ˆZwi
Kiv hvq|
m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœvËi t 02
e¨emvq D‡Ïv‡Mi mv‡_ SuywKi m¤úK© me©`v we`¨gvb| †Kv‡bv e¨emv‡q
SzuwK Kg, Avevi †Kv‡bv e¨emv‡q SzwuK †ewk| †h e¨emv‡q SzuwK †ewk,
Zv‡Z jv‡fi m¤¢vebvI †ewk| Avevi †h e¨emv‡q SzuwK Km, Zv‡Z jv‡fi m¤
¢vebvI Kg| GKRb mdj D‡`¨v³v me©`v SzuwK Av‡MB wbiæcY K‡ib Ges Zv
n«v‡mi e¨e¯’v †bb Ges me meq cwiwgZ SzwKu MÖnY K‡ib| gvÎvwi³ SzuwK
Ges AwZ AvZ¥wek^vm †h‡Kv‡bv cwiKíbv‡K e¨_©Zvq ch©ewmZ Ki‡Z
cv‡i|
K. e¨emvq Kq ai‡bi SuywK i‡q‡Q?
L. e¨emvq ¯’vcb I myôfv‡e cwiPvjbv Kiv GKwU SuywKc~Y© KvR| e¨vL¨v
Ki|
M. gvÎvwZwi³ SuywK I AwZ AvZ¥wek^vm Kxfv‡e †h‡Kv‡bv cwiKíbv‡K
e¨_©Zvq ch©ewmZ Ki‡Z cv‡i?
N. GKRb mdj D‡`¨v³v me mgqB cwiwgZ cwigvY SzuwK MÖnY K‡ib|Ñ
we‡kølY Ki|
DËi t (K)
e¨emvh wewfbœ ai‡bi SzuwK i‡q‡Q|
DËi t (L)
GKwU wkí ev e¨emvcÖwZôvb ¯’vcb I myôfv‡e cwiPvjbv GKwU
SzuwKc~Y© KvR| †Kbbv ‡h‡Kv‡bv e¨emvq ¯’vcb I myôz cwiPvjbvi Rb¨
mwVK cwiKíbv, mwVK e¨emvq wbev©Pb I SzuwK wbiæcY Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| G
KvR¸‡jv mwVKfv‡e m¤úbœ Kiv bv n‡j e¨emvq D‡`¨vM e¨_©Zvi ch©ewmZ
n‡e Ges e¨emvq ¯’vcb I cwiPvjb SzuwK n‡q co‡e|
DËi t (M)
‡Kv‡bv wewb‡qvM n‡Z cÖZ¨vwkZ Avq A‡cÿv cÖK…Z Avq Kg nIqvi m¤
¢vebvB SzuwK| e¨emvq ¯’vc‡bi c~‡e© mwVK e¨emvq wbev©Pb, cwiKíbv
MÖnY I SzwuK wbiæcY Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| GKRb mdj D‡`¨v³v AvZ¥wek^vm,
mvnm, mZZv Ges SzuwK MÖn‡Yi gvbwmKZv _vKv cÖ‡qvRb| Z‡e †KD hw`
AwZ AvZ¥wek^v‡mi d‡j SzuwK wbiæcY bv K‡i D‡`¨vM MªnY K‡i Z‡e
e¨emvq e¨_© nIqvi m¤¢vebv _v‡K| Avevi gvÎvwZwi³ SuywK MÖn‡Yi d‡jI
†h‡Kv‡bv cwiKíbv e¨_©Zvq ch©ewmZ n‡Z cv‡i|
DËi t (N)
cwiwgZ cwigvY SuywK n‡jv GKwU wbw`©ó gvÎvq SuywK MÖnY, hvi d‡j
e¨emvqx mn‡RB SzuwK †gvKvwejv Ki‡Z mÿg nq|
e¨emvq D‡`¨vM MÖn‡Yi †ÿ‡Î SuywK wbiæcY Lye Riæix GKwU KvR|
†h‡Kv‡bv e¨emvq ¯’vcb I myôfv‡e cwiPvjbv Kiv SzuwKc~Y© KvR| †Kbbv
SzuwKi gvÎv mwVKfv‡e wbiycY Ki‡Z bv cvi‡j e¨emvq mdj nIqv m¤¢e bv|
e¨emv‡q SzuwK hZ †ewk, gybvdvI ZZ †ewk| SzuwK hZ K, gybvdvI ZZ Kg|
ZvB GKRb mdj D‡`¨v³v me©`v SzwuK Av‡MB wbiæcY K‡ib Ges Zv n«v‡mi
e¨e¯’v †bb|
Ab¨w`‡K AwZwi³ SuywK e¨emvq‡K e¨_©Zvq ch©ewmZ Ki‡Z cv‡i| SzwK©
wbiæcY bv Ki‡j e¨emvq KZUv mdjZv Avm‡e ev ÿwZ n‡e Zv eySv hvq bv|
GKwU wbw`©ó gvÎvq SuywK MÖnY Ki‡j e¨emvq e¨_© nIqAi m¤¢vebv Kg
_v‡K| G‡KB ejv nq cwiwgZ cwigvY SuywK|
Avvi GRb mdj D‡`¨v³ me©`v cwiwgZ cwigvY SzuwK MÖnY K‡iY|