Aa¨vq t-4: gvwjKvbvi wfwˇZ e¨emvq

Ávbg~jK cÖ‡kœvËi:
cªkœ-1. GKgvwjKvbv e¨emvq Kx?
DËi: GK e¨w³i gvwjKvbvq cÖwZwóZ, cwiPvwjZ I wbqwš¿Z e¨emvB
GKgvwjKvbv e¨emvq|
cÖkœ-2. †UªW jvB‡mÝ Kx?
DËi: e¨emvq ïiæ Kivi Rb¨ miKvwi AbygwZcÎB n‡jv †UªW jvB‡mÝ|
cÖkœ-3. Askx`vwi e¨emvq Kx?
DËi: `yB ev Z‡ZvaxK †¯^”Qvq wgwjZ n‡q Askx`vwi Pzw³i wfwˇZ †h
e¨emvq MVb K‡i, Zv-B Askx`vwi AvBb Øviv cwiPvwjZ|
cÖkœ-4. Askx`vwi e¨evm‡qi wfwË Kx?
DËi: Askx`vwi e¨emv‡qi wfwË n‡jv Pyw³|
cÖkœ-5. Askx`vwi e¨emv‡qi Pzw³zcÎ Kx?
DËi: Askx`vwi e¨emv‡qi Pzw³cÎ n‡jv Askx`wi e¨evm‡qi msweavi|
cÖkœ-6 AvPi‡Y AbygwZ Askx`wi Kx?
DËi: †Kv‡bv e¨vw³ hw` e¨emv‡qi Askx`vi bv n‡jI †gŠwLZ K_veZ©v, †jLv ev
Ab¨ †Kv‡bv AvPi‡Yi Øviv wb‡R‡K e¨emv‡qi †ÿ‡Î †Kv‡bv Askx`vi wjwLZ
weÁcwßi Øviv Ab¨ Askx`v‡ii Kv‡Q e¨evm‡q we‡jv‡ci B”Qv cÖKvk Ki‡j G
ai‡bi e¨emv‡qi wejywß nq|
cÖkœ-7. ‡kqvi Kv‡K e‡j?
DËi: AvBbMZfv‡eB †Kv¤úvwbi g~jab‡K KZ¸‡jv mgvb As‡Ki ÿy`ª GK‡K fvM
Kiv nq| Giæc cÖ‡Z¨KwU GKK‡K GKwU K‡i †kqvi e‡j|
cÖkœ-8. cvewjK wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb Kx?
DËi: †h ‡Kv¤úvwbi m`m¨ msL¨v me© wb¤œ 2 Rb Ges m‡e©v”P 50 R‡b
mxgv× Ges †kqvi Aev‡a n¯ÍvšÍi‡hvM¨ bq, Zv-B cvewjK wjwg‡UW
†Kv¤úvwb|
cÖkœ-9. mgvev‡qi A_© Kx?
DËi: mgev‡qi kvwãK A_© n‡jv mw¤§wjZ D‡`¨vM ev cÖ‡Póvq KvR Kiv|
cÖkœ-10. †K›`ªxq mgevq mwgwZ Kx?
DËi: hvi m`m¨ n‡e AšÍZ 10wU cÖv_wgK mgevq mwgwZ Ges D‡Ïk¨ n‡e D³
m`m¨ mwgwZ¸‡jvi KvR-Kg© myôfv‡e cwiPvjbvq mnvqZv cÖ`vb Ges
mgevq MVb|

Abyavebg~jK cÖ‡kœvËi:
cÖkœ-1. gvwjKvbvi wfwˇZ e¨evmvq msMV‡bi GKwU aib e¨vL¨v Ki|
DËi: gvwjKvbvi wfwˇZ e¨emvq msMV‡bi aib n‡jv GKgvwjKvbv e¨emvq| †h
e¨emv‡qi GKRb gvÎ gvwjK _v‡Kb, Zv-B n‡jv GKgvwjKvbv e¨emvq| G RvZxq
e¨emv‡q gvwjKB e¨emv‡qi D‡`¨v³, msMVb, SzuwK I `vq`vwqË cÖnYKvwi,
cywuR mieivnKvix I cwiPvjK|
cÖkœ-2. ÔGKgvwjKvbv e¨emv‡qi Amxg `vqÕ e¨vL¨v Ki|
DËi: GKgvwjKvbv e¨e¯’vq GKRbgvÎ e¨w³ _v‡K| B‡”Q Ki‡j †m Kgx© wb‡qvM
Ki‡Z cv‡i| wKš‘ AvqZb †QvU nIqvi KvwjK Zv K‡i bv| ZvB G RvZxq e¨emv‡qi
m¤ú~Y© `vq-`vwqZ¡ gvwj‡Ki| d‡j Zvi `vq Amxg| cÖ‡qvR‡b e¨w³MZ
m¤úwË weµq K‡i e¨emv‡qi `vq cwi‡kva Ki‡Z|
cÖkœ-3. wbewÜZ Askx`vwi e¨emv‡qi myweav †ewk †Kb? e¨vL¨v Ki|
DËi: wbeÜb n‡jv miKvi KZ©©©©©©„K Awd‡mi bvg ZvwjKvfz³KiY|
Askx`vwi e¨emvq wbewÜZ n‡j Pyw³‡Z DwjøwLZ AwaKvi Av`v‡qi Rb¨ Aci
†Kv‡bv Z…Zxq c‡ÿi weiæ‡× gvgjv Ki‡Z cv‡i| GQvov wbewÜZ e¨emv‡q¸‡jv
‡ek wKQz AwZwi³ myweav †fvM K‡i| ZvB Askx`wi e¨emvq wbeÜb KivB
†hŠw³K|
cÖkœ-4. mK‡ji Z‡i mK‡j Avgviv, cÖ‡Z¨K Avgiv c‡ii Z‡iÕ Ñ G bxwZevK¨
Øviv Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q?
DËi: G bxwZevK¨ Øviv †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q ‡h HK¨e× cÖqvm I AvšÍwiK
cÖ‡Póvi gva¨‡g gvbyl mgv‡R mgevq mwgwZ M‡o †Zv‡j cvi¯úwiK
mn‡hvwMZvi Rb¨| †Kv‡bv mvaviY D‡×k¨ mva‡bi Rb¨ mK‡j wg‡jwg‡k mgvb
AwaKv‡ii wfwˇZ e¨emvq cwiPvjbv K‡i ïay cvi¯úwiK mn‡hvwMZv I
mg‡SvZvi Rb¨| mgevq mwgwZi g~L¨ D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv m`m¨‡`i †mev I Avw_©K
Kj¨vY mvab|
cÖkœ-5. evsjv‡`‡ki ivóªxq msMV‡b Kx ai‡Yi ˆewkó cwiPvwjZ nq?
DËi: ivóª ev miKv‡ii gvwjKvbvax‡b MwVZ I cwiPvwjZ e¨emvqB ivóªxq
e¨emvq| ivóªxq msMVb ivóª cÖav‡bi Aa¨vv‡`k ev RvZxq msm‡` wej cv‡mi
gva¨‡g MwVZ nq| ivóª ev miKviB G e¨emv‡qi gvwjK| miKvi G e¨emv‡qi
g~ja‡bi †hvMvb`vZv| Rb‡mev I RbKj¨vY KivB n‡jv Gi gyL¨ D‡Ïk¨|

m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœvËi t 01
Rbve Rvgvj Kywgjøv kn‡ii mgevq gv‡K©‡U mwÂZv bvgK GKwU †`vKv‡bi
gvwjK| wZwb XvKvq Bmjvgvcyi †_‡K AwaK cwigv‡Y wewfbœ ai‡bi Kvco µq
K‡i wewfbœ †fv³vi wbKU weµq K‡ib| gvbm¤§Z kvwUs, my¨wUs I jsK¬_
Kvco my›`ifv‡e mvwR‡q ivLvi wZwb `ªæZ wewµ Ki‡Z cvwib| G‡Z cÖPzi
gybvdv AR©b K‡ib| m¤úªwZ wZwb L›`Kvi UvIqv‡i †`vKvb m¤úªmviY Kivi
K_v fve‡Qb|
K. BD‡ivc I Av‡gwiKvq KZfvM e¨emvq GKgvwjKvbv?
L. GKgvwjKvbv msMV‡bi GKwU myweav e¨vL¨v Ki|
M. Rbve Rvgvj e¨emv‡qi †Kvb KvRwU m¤úbœ K‡ib Zv e¨vL¨v Ki|
N. L›`Kvi UvIqv‡ii †`vKvb m¤úªmviY Ki‡j Rbve Rvgv‡ji e¨emv‡q Kx ai‡bi
cÖfve co‡e e‡j Zywg g‡b Ki? hyw³ `vI|

DËi t (K)
BD‡ivc I Av‡gwiKvq cÖvq 80% e¨emv GKgvwjKvbv|

DËi t (L)
GKgvwjKvbv msMV‡bi wewfbœ myweavi Kvi‡b GwU GKwU RbwcÖq
msMVb| Gi GKwU Ab¨Zg myweav n‡jv mnR MVb| GKgvwjKvbv e¨emvq
AvqZ‡bi ÿz`ª I AvBbMZ Sv‡gjv bv _vKvq ¯^í cyuwR wb‡q †h‡Kv‡bv e¨w³
mn‡RB G e¨emv msMVb M‡o Zzj‡Z cv‡i|

DËi t (M)
Rbve Rvgv‡ji Kvc‡oi e¨emv‡q ch©vwqZKiY I cÖwgZKi‡bi g‡Zv ¸iæZ¡c~Y©
KvR m¤úbœ K‡ib hv Zv‡K mdjZv AR©‡b mnvqZv K‡i|
Rbve Rvgv‡ji Kvc‡oi e¨emv‡q c‡Y¨i gvb wbw`©ó K‡i mvBR I gvb Abymv‡i
mvwR‡q ivLvq `ªæZ wUwýZKiY I weµq m¤¢e nq|
ch©vwqZKiY I cÖwgZKiY e¨emv‡qi mvwe©K `ÿZvi cwiPq †`q Ges we‡kl
myweav cÖ`vb K‡i| †m¸‡jv n‡jv:
1. mvB‡Ri wfwˇZ weµ‡qi myweav|
2. gvbMZ evQvB‡qi mywe`v cÖ`vb K‡i|
3. c‡Y¨i ch©vwqZKiY I cÖwgZKi‡Yi Kvi‡Y MÖvnKiv mn‡RB AvK…ó nq|

DËi t (N)
Rbve Rvgv‡ji L›`Kvi UvIqv‡i †`vKvb m¤úªmviY Kivi c`‡ÿcwU GKwU DËg
Kvh©Kwi c`‡ÿc|
Rbve Rvgv‡ji L›`Kvi UvIqv‡i †`vKvb m¤úªmvi‡Yi c`‡ÿc MÖnY Ki‡j Zvi
e¨emv‡qi mybvg I weµq e„w× cv‡e|
Rbve Rvgvj L›`Kvi UvIqv‡i †`vKvb m¤úªmviY Ki‡j AviI †hme cÖfve co‡e Zv
wb¤œiæc:
1. e¨emv‡qi mybvg e„w× cv‡e|
2. AwfRvZ nIqvq mevB gvb m¤ú‡K© wbwðZ n‡e GZ weµq e„w× cv‡e|
3. AwaK gybvdv AR©b m¤¢e n‡e|
4. Ab¨w`‡K, Rbve Rvgv‡ji e¨emvwqK cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi m¤§yLxb n‡Z n‡e
KviY L›`Kvi UvIqv‡i G ai‡bi A‡bK e¨emv‡q we`¨gvb|

m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœvËi t 02
20 Rb e¨w³ 1994 mv‡ji †Kv¤úvwb AvBb Abyhvqx Zv‡`i †hŠ_ g~jab I
mxwgZ `vq wb‡q GKwU cvUKj MVb K‡ib| Zviv msMVbwUi ¯§iKwjwc I cwi‡gj
wbqgvewj ‰Zwi K‡i| G `ywU `wjj Ges Acivci `wjjcÎmn wbe܇Ki Kv‡Q
wbe܇bi Rb¨ †ck K‡ib| wbeÜb †k‡l KZ¸‡jv kZ©c~iY mv‡c‡ÿ Zvi Kvh©
Avi‡¤¢i GKwU AbygwZcÎ msMÖn K‡ib|
K. wbeÜb Kx?
L. †Kv¤úvwbi msweavb †KvbwU? e¨vL¨v Ki|
M. cvewjK wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwbi Rb¨ †KvbwU cÖPvi Kiv eva¨Zvg~jK?
e¨vL¨v Ki|
N. Kvh©vi‡¤¢i AbygwZi Rbª †Kvb ai‡bi kZ© cvjb Ki‡Z nq?

DËi t (K)
‡hŠ_ g~jawb ‡Kv¤úvwb MV‡bi Rb¨ wba©vwiZ wd w`‡q wbe܇Ki wbKU n‡Z
†Kv¤úvwb MV‡bi AbygwZcÎ MÖnY KivB wbeÜb|
DËi t (L)
msN ¯§viK ev ¯§viKwjwc †Kv¤úvwbi msweavb wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ|
¯§viKwjwc †Kv¤úvwbi MVbZš¿| KviYÑ
msN ¯§viK e¨ZxZ †Kv¤úvwb wbewÜZ n‡Z cv‡i bv|
G‡Z †Kv¤úvwbi bvg, wVKvbv, D‡Ïk¨ `vq I g~jab-Gi cwigvY D‡jøL _v‡K|

DËi t (M)
cÖvB‡fU wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwbi g‡Zv cvewjK wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwbi wbe܇bi
ciB Kvh©vi¤¢ Ki‡Z cv‡i bv|
Kvh©vi‡¤¢i Rb¨ cvewjK wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwbi Rb¨ †kqvi I wW‡eÂvi µ‡qi
Rb¨ weeiYcÎ cÖPvi Kiv eva¨Zvg~jK|
weeiYcÎ cÖPvi eva¨Zvg~jK| KviYÑ
cvewjK wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb Rbmvavi‡Yi wbKU n‡Z g~jab msMÖn K‡i
_v‡K|
weeiYcÎ cÖPvi K‡i wbe܇Ki wbKU n‡Z Kvh©vi‡¤¢i AbygwZ MÖnY Ki‡Z
nq|
DËi t (N)
Kvh©vi‡¤¢i AbygwZcÎ cvIqvi Rb¨ cÖvB‡fU wj: †Kv¤úvwbi Rb¨ D‡`¨vM
MÖnY, `wjjcÎ cÖ¯‘Z I wbeÜb Ki‡Z nq|
cvewjK wj: †Kv¤úvwb‡K Kvh©vi‡¤¢i Rb¨ D‡`¨vM MªnY, `wjjcÎ cÖ¯‘Z I
wbeÜb e¨ZxZ AviI wKQz kZ© c~iY Ki‡Z nq|
‡m¸‡jv n‡jv:
‡kqvi µ‡qi Avgš¿Y Rvwb‡q weeiYcÎ cÖPvi Ki‡Z nq|
b~¨bZg Pvu`vi A‡_©i cwiwgZ g~‡j¨i c~Y© Av`vqx †kqvi eivÏ|
cwiPvj‡Ki Pzw³e× †kqvi¸‡jvi g~j¨ cwi‡kva|
Dchy©³ (2) I (3) Gi kZ©c~iY n‡q‡Q G g‡g© mZ¨vqbK…Z †NvlYvcÎ
wbe܇Ki wbKU `vwLj|