MODULE 3: SURVIVAL SKILLS, EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION,

NEGOTIATING SKILS

Survival skills

Interpersonal relations

An interpersonal relationship is a social connection or affiliation between two or more

people. Interpersonal relationships can include your partner, loved ones, close friends,
acquaintances, co-workers, and many others who make up the social connections in your
life. Interpersonal relationships are created by people's interactions with one another in
social situations. This association may be based on inference, love, solidarity, support,
regular business interactions, or some other type of social connection or commitment. A
strong bond between two or more people refers to interpersonal relationship. Attraction
between individuals brings them close to each other and eventually results in a strong
interpersonal relationship”.

Examples

• Individuals working together in the same organization.

• People working in the same team.
• Relationship between a man and a woman (Love, Marriage)
• Relationship with immediate family members and relatives.
• Relationship of a child with his parents.
• Relationship between friends.

Building interpersonal relation

• Relationship Building is working to build or maintain ethical relationships or

networks or contacts with people who are, or may be, potentially helpful in achieving
work-related goals and establishing advantages.
 • Interpersonal relationship involves bond between two more people which shares
love, trust, commitment etc..
• There are many factors that influence building a relationship-proximity, similarity
in affiliation motivation are few among such reasons.

Ways to build strong relationships

• Have open and honest communications

• Develop people skills
• Respect and appreciate others
• Accept support and be supportive
• Be positive
• Show empathy
• Develop understanding
• Maintain integrity

Skill to improve interpersonal relations

• Open communication – Communication or lack of communication and

miscommunication can become a real issue in most relationships. In today’s world,
new forms of communication like text or email have, in many ways, even further
complicated the back-and-forth between couples, creating more suspicion and less
directness and honesty. It is all too easy to misinterpret or read into these forms of
communication.
• Active listening- listen to other person carefully and respectfully will help in build
and maintain relations
• Calmness – Being able to calm yourself down is another great relationship skill to
have. Couples often fall into trouble when they allow themselves to be dramatic and
reactive in the moment based on intense emotions. When you develop your ability
to take time to slow down your thoughts and reflect on the situation, you can gain
perspective. This will allow you to have fewer of those heated moments that escalate
into hurtful behavior.
• Anger management skills- involve recognizing and expressing anger appropriately
in order to achieve goals, handle emergencies, solve problems and even protect our
health.
• Empathy-Empathy is another key aspect of effective relationship building skills.
Having empathy for your friends and co-workers means you seek to understand their
feelings and emotions. When you actively practice empathy in the workplace, you
can show your teammates and managers your dedication to maintaining your work
relationships
• Listen effectively. Listening is a crucial skill in boosting another person’s self esteem,
the silent form of flattery that makes people feel supported and valued. Listening
and understanding what others communicate to us is the most important part of
successful interaction and vice versa.

• Put The Focus on Others-People love sharing their feelings, opinions, interests,
activities and passions with others. Asking open-ended questions is a great way to
build relationships because it shows others that you have interest and care in them.
It also demonstrates modesty on your part, a highly-valued trait.

• Conflict resolution skills -Conflict is natural and inevitable so it helps you resolve
differences so that you may continue a relationship effectively.
EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION

Listening skills

Hearing and listening is not the same thing. Hearing is the act of perceiving sound. It is
involuntary and simply refers to the reception of aural stimuli. Listening is a selective
activity which involves the reception and the interpretation of aural stimuli. It involves
decoding the sound in to meaning. Listening is divided into two main categories: passive
and active. Passive listening is little more that hearing. It occurs when the receiver of the
message has little motivation to listen carefully, such as when listening to music,
storytelling, television or when being polite effective listening skills

1. Focus fully on the speaker

2. Avoid interrupting
3. Avoid seeming judgmental.
4. Show your interest
5. Be prepared to listen.
6. Keep an open mind
7. Concentrate on the main direction of the speaker’s message.
8. Avoid distractions
9. Be objective.
10. Do not be trying to think of your next question
11. Do not dwell on one or two points at the expense of others.
12. Do not stereotype the speaker
13. Pay Attention
 14. Show That You're Listening by head shaking as well as body language
NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION

Nonverbal communication is a way of communicating without using words. Although

nonverbal communication can emphasize spoken words, it can also contradict them.

 Facial expressions happy, sad, angry—help you convey your message. Be aware of your

facial expression when you talk and particularly when you listen, which is when it’s

easy to forget.

 Smile

Small smiles can be used to show that the listener is paying attention to what is being said
or as a way of agreeing or being happy about the messages being received. Combined with
nods of the head, smiles can be powerful in affirming that messages are being listened to
and understood.

 Eye Contact

It is normal and usually encouraging for the listener to look at the speaker. Eye contact can
however be intimidating, especially for more shy speakers – gauge how much eye contact
is appropriate for any given situation. Combine eye contact with smiles and other
nonverbal messages to encourage the speaker. Maintain comfortable eye contact and avoid
staring

 Posture
Posture can tell a lot about the sender and receiver in interpersonal interactions. The
attentive listener tends to lean slightly forward or sideways whilst sitting. Other signs of
active listening may include a slight slant of the head or resting the head on one hand.
 Tone of Voice
The volume, pitch, and pace of your voice displays your feelings. It can help other people
determine whether you’re upset, confident, angry, etc.
 Body Language
Body language is probably the clearest type of nonverbal communication. It can tell a
person a lot about how you feel. If someone sees that your arms are folded while speaking
to you, they will likely feel you are not very receptive to what they have to say, whereas if
you face the speaker with your arms at your sides, you will appear more interested.

VERBAL COMMUCATION

verbal communication is perhaps the most obvious and understood mode of

communication, and it is certainly a powerful tool in your communication toolbox. Put
simply, verbal communication is the sharing of information between two individuals using
words. Verbal communication is the process of using speech to pass information to other
people.

TYPES

[Link] Communication :
This is your own route for vocal conversation. You converse with yourself and express your
ideas. You will get greater confidence and clarity in your thinking if you communicate with
yourself

2. Interpersonal Communication :
This is also known as one-on-one verbal communication. This form of communication
takes place between two people. It allows you to see if you’re communicating your ideas
clearly.

[Link] group Communication :

In small-group communication, the number of persons grows. You progress from speaking
with only one person to a group of several people

4. Public Communication :
This style is also known as ‘public speaking.’ An individual speaks to a huge group of
individuals at the same time. Public communication includes speeches, political
campaigns, and presentations.

Verbal communication skills

 Clarification

Clarifying involves asking questions of the speaker to ensure that the correct message has
been received. Clarification usually involves the use of open questions which enables the
speaker to expand on certain points as necessary.

 Questioning

The listener can demonstrate that they have been paying attention by asking relevant
questions and/or making statements that build or help to clarify what the speaker has said.
By asking relevant questions the listener also helps to reinforce that they have an interest
in what the speaker has been saying.

 Reinforcement
Reinforcement is the use of encouraging words alongside non-verbal gestures such as head
nods, a warm facial expression and maintaining eye contact.

• Encourage others to participate in discussion (particularly in group work);

• Show interest in what other people have to say;

• Pave the way for development and/or maintenance of a relationship;

• Allay fears and give reassurance;

• Show warmth and openness

• Reduce shyness or nervousness in ourselves and others

NEGOTIATING SKILLS

DECISION MAKING

• Decision making is a process that chooses a preferred option or a course of actions

from among a set of alternatives on the basis of given criteria or strategies
• Process of selecting logical choice from available options
• It is the act of choosing between two or more actions
• Effective decisions making involves considering both positive and negatives of each
alternatives
Decision making steps
• Step 1 -Define the problem- “This process must, as a minimum, identify root causes
and clarify the real issue
• Step 2- gather relevant information- process of collecting needful information about
the issue
 Step 3- identify alternatives- identify different alternatives or solution to the
problem. List out all the possibilities
• Step 4- evaluate alternative – evaluate the consequences of each alternative. consider
both negatives and positives
• Step 5 –choose among alternatives-select the best suitable and applicable solution
• Step 6- take action – apply the selected solution
• Step 7- review- evaluate the result of implementation of solution

IMPORTANCE OF DECISION MAKING IN REAL LIFE

• Good decision making increase the chance of success in life

• Decision making helps in solving everyday life problems
• To achieve the Goals and Objectives
• Helps in choose suitable career
CAREER DECIOSION MAKING
• It is the process of exploring a person’s values, interests, and skills will help to find
educational and career options that match up with goals.
• It is systematic process in which a person wisely chooses best career out of many
choices
• While making decision about career one have to think about own interest, abilities,
likes and dislikes.
• Personal factors and environmental factors have important role in selecting career.
• During the process of career making individual compare the match between
educational qualification, interest and demands of particular job

• The career decision-making process is ongoing throughout professional life

Process

STEP 1: SELF-ASSESSMENT-assess interests, values, and personality

STEP 2: IDENTIFY AND RESEARCH OPTIONS-there are thousands of other jobs and
more created as industries evolve. Explore the range of career options and don’t limit
yourself to careers with which you are familiar.

STEP 3: EVALUATE AND PRIORITIZE-It is important to undergo a reality check for

each career area you’re exploring, weigh the pros and cons, and evaluate how it matches
up with who you are and what you want. Use the following questions to guide your
reflection

STEP 4: TAKE ACTION AND TRY OPTIONS-Now it’s time to try out these career
options and gain some experience, through internships, part-time jobs at Yale, and
experience with student organizations.

STEP 5: REFLECT AND RE-EVALUATE-During and after an experience, take time to

evaluate and reflect.

Skills needed

• Self-awareness
• Problem solving
• Communication skill
• Social skills
• Interpersonal skill