Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur
Department of Mathematics
MAL1XX- Mathematics I (Branch :- Mechanical)
ASSIGNMENT - 1
Calculus and Di!erential Equations
1. Let 2 2
xy(x → y ) , (x, y) ↑= (0, 0),
f (x, y) = x2 + y 2
0, (x, y) = (0, 0).
Prove that
(a) fx (0, y) = →y and fy (x, 0) = x for all x, y.
(b) fxy (0, 0) = →1 and fyx (0, 0) = 1.
2. The given function
2 2
x → y (x, y) ↑= (0, 0),
f (x, y) = x2 + y 2
0, (x, y) = (0, 0).
Do you think the first-order partial derivatives exist for this function at (0, 0),
justify.
3. Let f : R2 ↓ R is a function given by f (x, y) = |xy|, then at origin is both partial
derivative of f exist. Justfy your answer at (a, 0)?
4. Let $ %
(x2 + y 2 ) sin 1
, (x, y) ↑= (0, 0),
x2 +y 2
f (x, y) =
0, (x, y) = (0, 0).
Show that the partial derivatives exist at (0, 0). What you think about directional
derivative at origin ?
5. Find the directional derivative Du f (x, y) if
f (x, y) = x3 + 3xy + 4y 2 ,
and u is the unit vector given by the angle ω = → ω6 . What is Du f (1, 2)?
6. Find the directional derivative of the function
f (x, y) = x2 y 3 + 4y,
at the point (2, 21) in the direction of the vector v = 2i + 5j.
7. Is there a function f (x, y) with fx (x, y) = x + 4y, fy (x, y) = 3x → y? Explain.
1
8. If f (x, y) = xey , find the rate of change of f at P (2, 0) in the direction of P to Q( 12 , 2).
In what direction does f have the maximum rate of change? What is the value of
maximum rate?
9. The temperature at (x, y, z) is
80
T (x, y, z) = .
1 + x2 + 2y 2 + 3z 2
In which direction does T increase fastest at (1, 1, →2)? What is the maximum rate
of change?
εu εu εu 3
10. If u = log(x3 + y 3 + z 3 → 3xyz), prove that (i) + + = ,
& '2 εx εy εz x + y + z
ε ε ε 9
(ii) + + u=→ .
εx εy εz (x + y + z)2
11. Prove that if
x2 y2 z2
+ + = 1,
a2 + u b 2 + u c 2 + u
then & ' 2 & '2 & ' 2 & '
εu εu εu εu εu εu
+ + =2 x +y +z .
εx εy εz εx εy εz
(
12. If u = f (r), r = x2 + y 2 , show
1
uxx + uyy = f →→ (r) + f → (r).
r
(
Also find uxx + uyy + uzz if r = x2 + y 2 + z 2 .
13. If x = a cos ϑ cosh ϖ, y = a sinh ϑ sin ϖ, show
ε(x, y) a2
= [cosh 2ϑ → cos 2ϖ].
ε(ϑ, ϖ) 2
ε(x, y, z)
14. If x = r sin ω cos ϱ, y = r sin ω sin ϱ, z = r cos ω, then find .
ε(r, ω, ϱ)
15. If roots of (ς → x)3 + (ς → y)3 + (ς → z)3 = 0 are u, v, w, prove
ε(u, v, w) (y → z)(z → x)(x → y)
= →2 .
ε(x, y, z) (v → w)(w → u)(u → v)
ε(u, v)
16. If u + v = ex cos y, u → v = ex sin y, find .
ε(x, y)
ε(u, v, w)
17. Find at (1, 1, 1) for u = x + 3y 2 → z 3 , v = 4x2 yz, w = 2z 2 → xy.
ε(x, y, z)
18. Find the equation of the tangent plane and normal line:
x2 z2
(a) at (→2, 1, →3) to 4
+ y2 + 9
= 3,
2
(b) at (3, 2, 1) to xyz 2 = 6,
(c) at (1, 0, 0) to z + 1 = xey cos z.
19. Find the equations of the tangent plane and the normal line at the point (→2, 1, →3)
2 2
to the ellipsoid x4 + y 2 + z9 = 3.
20. Show that the ellipsoid 3x2 + 2y 2 + z 2 = 9 and the sphere x2 + y 2 + z 2 → 8x → 6y →
8z + 24 = 0 are tangent to each other at the point (1,1,2). (This means that they
have a common tangent plane at the point.)
21. The pressure P (in kilopascals), volume V (in liters), and temperature T (in kelvins)
of a mole of an ideal gas are related by the equation
P V = 8.31T.
Find the rate at which the pressure is changing when the temperature is 300 K and
increasing at a rate of 0.1 K/s, and the volume is 100 L and increasing at a rate of
0.2 L/s.
& 3 3
'
↑1 x + y
22. If u = tan , show that
x→y
ε 2u ε 2u 2
2ε u
x2 + 2xy + y = sin 2u (1 → 4 sin2 u).
εx2 εxεy εy 2
23. If f (x, y) = ϱ(u, v) with u = x2 → y 2 , v = 2xy, prove
fxx + fyy = 4(x2 + y 2 )(ϱuu + ϱvv ).
24. Let u = F (x → y, y → z, z → x). Show that ux + uy + uz = 0.
25. If z = f (x, y) and x = c cosh u cos v, y = c sinh u sin v, then prove
zuu + zvv = 12 c2 (cosh 2u → cosh 2v)(zxx + zyy ).
26. Examine for local maxima, minima, saddle points:
(i) x4 + y 4 → 4xy + 1, (ii) x3 → 3xy, (iii) 2(x2 → y 2 ) → x4 + y 4 .
27. Find the relative extrema of f (x, y, z) = x4 + y 4 + z 4 → 4xyz.
28. Use Taylor’s theorem at origin to find quadratic and cubic approximations of :
(i) xey , (ii) y sin x, (iii) ex ln(1 + y).
29. Use Taylor’s theorem to find quadratic approximation of:
(i) f (x, y) = cos x cos y, (ii) f (x, y) = ex sin y at origin.
Also estimate the error if |x| ↔ 0.1, |y| ↔ 0.1.
30. If f (x, y) = tan↑1 (xy), approximate f (1.1, 0.8) using
(i) Linear approximation,
(ii) Quadratic approximation.