I – PROJECT OVERVIEW

Project Name : Five Story School Building

Location : University of Mindanao, Matina, Davao City
Occupancy Category : Special Occupancy Structure (Category III)
Building Frame : Special Moment Resisting Frame
Foundation System : Isolated Footing

Floor Plans are Shown Below:

II – BUILDING LOADS
2.1 Dead Load

The dead loads for this project were established based on values obtained from relevant standards and reference
textbooks. When weight ranges were provided, approximate values were selected based on the density of the
layouts, the author’s judgment, and considerations such as the building's historical use and functional
characteristics.

a. For DL1 Reference Load

- Self-weight (concrete at 23.54 Kn/m3)
- Floor Loads (2.94 Kn/m2)

Note: A floor dead load of 2.94 kN/m² was calculated based on a slab thickness of 125 mm, using a concrete
density of 23.54 kN/m³. The calculation follows the formula:
Dead Load = Thickness × Density = 0.125 m × 23.54 kN/m³ = 2.94 kN/m².

b. DL2 Reference Load (Superimposed Deadload)

- Floor Loads
o Dead loads included in the floor load calculations are determined in accordance with Table 204-
2 of the NSCP 2015, which provides the minimum design dead loads in kilopascals (kPa) and
are computed as shown below.
Table 1 – Floor Load Computation
FLOORS ROOF
FLOOR LOAD
(kPa) (kPa)
Floor Finish 1.10 1.10
Ceiling Finish 0.10 0.10
MEPFS 0.10 0.50
Interior Partition 1.00 -
Water Proofing 1.00 1.00
Roof Framing and Roofing Sheet - 0.60
TOTAL 3.30 3.30

Note: NSCP 204.3 Partition Loads indicates that floors in office buildings and other buildings
where partition locations are subject to change shall be designed to support, in addition to all
other loads, a uniformly distributed deadload equal to 1.0 kPa.

- Member Loads
Member loads from masonry walls are calculated using the standard unit weights specified in
the NSCP 2015 Concrete Masonry Units (Table 2). The resulting load is influenced by the wall
thickness, which is determined based on architectural and structural design criteria. After
selecting the appropriate thickness (e.g., 100 mm, 150 mm, or 200 mm), the wall's unit weight
is multiplied by its height and length to obtain the total load. This load is then applied as a line
load to the structural members supporting the wall.

Table 2 – Concrete Masonry Units

Grout Wythe Thickness (mm)
Spacing Computation:
100 150 200
16.5 kN/ m3 Density of Units
No Grout 1.05 1.15 1.48 Member Loads = (Story Height) x [(Table 2) + (0.24 kpa * 2)]
800 1.40 1.53 2.01
600 1.50 1.63 2.20 Member loads (4” CHB) = 3.5 m x (2.5 + (0.24*2)) = 10.43 kN/m
400 1.79 1.92 2.54 Member loads (6” CHB) = 3.5 m x (2.63 + (0.24*2)) = 10.885 kN/m
Full 2.50 2.63 3.59
Note: Add 0.24 kPa for each face plastered.
2.2 Live Load

Live loads are defined and regulated by building codes to ensure safety and consistency in design. For
this project, live load values are taken from the NSCP 2015, specifically Table 205-1 (Minimum Uniformly
and Concentrated Live Loads). The magnitude of live loads depends on the type and use of the space
(e.g., residential, commercial, storage, assembly).

Table 3 – School Building Live Load

LIVE LOADS
Design Load
Occupancy
(kPa)
Classrooms 1.9
Corridors Above Ground Floor 3.8
Ground Floor Corridors 4.8
Roof Live Load 1.92

2.3 Seismic Load

Seismic loads are horizontal forces considered in the design of structures to ensure safety during
earthquakes. For this project, seismic loads are calculated based on the provisions of NSCP 2015
Section 208.5.2, which adopts guidelines from UBC 1997. The design considers factors such as seismic
zone, building importance, soil condition, and structural characteristics.

Notes to Remember:

1. Vertical and Orthogonal Effects: Seismic load combinations must account for both vertical and
orthogonal components. As recommended by UBC 1997 Section 1633.1 and NSCP 2015 Section
208.7.1, the combination 100% of seismic load in one direction plus 30% in the perpendicular direction
should be considered.
2. Redundancy Factor (r): For structures with regular framing systems, the redundancy factor is taken as
r = 1.0
3. Seismic Load Equation: The total seismic load is expressed as E = ρEₕ + Eᵥ, where:
Eh = horizontal seismic load
Ev = vertical seismic load
4. Vertical Seismic Load Component: The vertical component is calculated as Ev = 0.5 CaI ; where Ca is
the seismic acceleration coefficient and I is the importance factor.
5. Near-Source Factors (Na and Nv): Refer to NSCP 2015 Tables 208-5 and 208-6 for the determination of
Near Source Factors Na and Nv.
6. Seismic Coefficients (Ca and Cv): Refer to NSCP 2015 Tables 208-7 and 208-8 for the values of seismic
coefficients Ca and Cv based on soil type and seismic zone.
7. Fault Proximity Check: Use the HazardHunterPH tool at [Link] to
assess proximity to known active faults and determine if near-source factors should be applied

Table 4 – Seismic Parameters

SEISMIC PARAMETERS
Zone (Z) 0.4 NSCP 2015 Table 208-3
Importance Factor (I) 1.0 NSCP 2015 Table 208-1
Response Modification Factor (Rx) 8.5 NSCP 2015 Table 208-11
Response Modification Factor (Ry) 8.5 NSCP 2015 Table 208-11
Soil Classification D NSCP 2015 Table 208-2
Near Source Factor (Na) 1.172 NSCP 2015 Table 208-5
Near Source Factor (Nv) 1.544 NSCP 2015 Table 208-6
Seismic Coefficient (Ca) 0.5156 NSCP 2015 Table 208-7
Seismic Coefficient (Cv) 0.988 NSCP 2015 Table 208-8
Figure 1: Hazard Hunter Fault Proximity Check

Table 208-3 – Seismic Zone Factor (Z)

Seismic Zone Factor
Zone (Z) 2 4
Z 0.2 0.4

Table 208-4 – Seismic Source Type

Seismic
Seismic Definition
Source Seismic Source Description
(Magnitude)
Type
Faults that are capable of producing large magnitude
A 7.0 < M < 8.4
events and that have a high rate of seismic activity.
B All faults other than Type A and C. 6.5 < M < 7.0
Faults that are capable of producing large magnitude
C M < 6.5
events and that have a low rate of seismic activity.
Note: When the soil properties are not known in sufficient detail to determine the soil profile type, Type SD shall be
used. Soil Profile Type SE or SF need not be assumed unless the building official determines that Type SE or SF may
be present at the site or in the event that Type SE or SF is established by geotechnical data.
III – IMPORTANT [Link] TOOLS AND SETTINGS FOR EFFECTIVE DESIGN WORKFLOW
3.1 Units, Global Axis, and Interface Setup

The settings outlined below will be applied throughout the duration of this training.

3.2 Global Axis Orientation

By default, the global coordinate system in [Link] is oriented with the Y-axis as the vertical direction,
and the plan view lies in the XZ plane.

This orientation may differ from that used in some CAD software, where the Z-axis is often used as the
vertical direction. To accommodate such cases, [Link] offers a feature called "Set Z Up", which allows
users to align the vertical axis with Z when importing geometry from CAD files.

However, it's important to note that enabling the "Set Z Up" option may restrict access to certain features,
such as the automatic wind load generation. Therefore, this setting should be used with caution, and only
when necessary to match external coordinate systems.
3.3 Local Axis Orientation

In [Link], each structural element has a local axis system where the X-axis runs along the
member length, the Y-axis is the major bending axis, and the Z-axis is the minor bending axis, used
to define load directions, releases, and design parameters accurately.

LOCAL – Z LOCAL – X (AXIAL)

(HORIZONTAL)

LOCAL – Y (VERTICAL)

3.4 Select Cursor

[Link] provides different cursor types for selecting specific categories of entities, such as nodes, beams,
plates, or solids. Each cursor is designed to interact only with a particular type of object, making it easier to
edit or assign properties. This functionality is especially useful in complex models where multiple entity types
are closely positioned, allowing for more precise and efficient selection.

3.5 View Tools – To easily Manipulate and control views.

3.6 View Selected Objects Only Tool – To isolate selected objects or views.

3.7 Command File Editor

When the structural geometry is created using the graphical user interface (GUI) in [Link], the software
automatically translates each action into a command syntax and records it in a command file, which is a
simple ASCII text file.

As users become more experienced with [Link], they may find it quicker and more efficient to make
minor adjustments—such as modifying values or parameters—directly within the command file, rather than
navigating through the graphical interface.

STAAD EDITOR
 PART 1
MODELING, LOADING, AND
ANALYSIS USING [Link]
PART 1 – MODELING, LOADING, AND ANALYSIS USING [Link]
4.0 STARTING THE PROJECT
Let us create the 3D Model.
4.1 Start opening [Link]

4.2 Rename Your File Name, change your file location and Click Create.

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 4.3 Create your first node at 0.0.0

4.4 Select Node 1 and Use Translational Repeat to Create your first Element.
The Translational Repeat tool creates multiple copies of structural elements along a defined direction
and spacing. It's useful for modeling repetitive bays or frames. Use "Link Steps" to automatically connect
repeated nodes with members.

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The model you create must accurately reflect the layout shown in the figure.
4.4 Select Element 1 and Use Translational Repeat to create your first frame (Grid A).

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The model you create must accurately reflect the layout shown in the figure.

4.5 Select all the members and use Translational Repeat to create your entire ground floor.
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You should see this model after the command. Now we already have our footing tie beam.

4.6 To select all elements at the 1.5 m level, switch to the Front View using the View interface, then drag to select the
elements along that elevation.

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4.7 Select all the elements on level 1.5 m and use Translational Repeat to create part of the second floor.

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You should see this model after the command. Now we already have our second-floor framing.

4.8 Select beam elements on second floor and isolate using Selected Objects command.

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You should see this model after the command.

4.9 Start completing the 2nd floor framing by adding the secondary beams.

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To add beams, go to the geometry tab and select the Add Beam tool. Click on the start node and then the end
node to create a beam between them. You can continue this process to add multiple beams across your model.
For more control, use the Snap Node/Grid feature or appropriate view (e.g., Plan or Front) for accurate
placement.

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Copy and Paste Beams command will help the user to complete the entire second floor.
4.10 We will now be completing the whole structure. Select second floor beams and column to do translational
repeat command.

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4.11 This should look like the whole structure.

5.0 MODEL MANAGEMENT

Model management in [Link] involves organizing the structure using tools such as grouping, node and
member numbering, and view saving. These features help users efficiently manage complex models by
simplifying selection, improving element identification, and allowing quick navigation. Proper use of these tools
ensures a more organized and streamlined workflow throughout the modeling and analysis process.

5.1 Set Node Numbering

- Ensure the cursor is set to Node Cursor before selecting nodes, so that only nodes are targeted during selection.

Floors Node Start

BASE 1
GF 1000
2F 2000
3F 3000
2 RD 4000

5. Input the Node Start

1

3. CLICK THE
Joint No. Here

User Note:
To avoid numbering conflicts during renumbering, set the starting node number to 10,000 before performing
the renumbering process.
 5.1 Set Elements Numbering
- Ensure the cursor is set to Beam Cursor before selecting elements, so that only beam members are targeted
during selection.

Floors Beam Start Column Start

BASE - 1
GF 1000 100
2F 2000 200
3F 3000 300
RD 4000
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1
5. Input the Node Start

3. CLICK THE
Member No. Here

User Note:
To avoid numbering conflicts during renumbering, set the starting element number to 10,000 before
performing the renumbering process.
5.3 Create Floor Groups
Create floor groups to organize structural elements by level. These groups will be used later when applying floor
loads efficiently to specific areas of the structure.
DL_1W For dead load one-way floor loads.
DL_2W For dead load two-way floor loads.

LL1_2W For live load two-way floor loads. (1.90 kPa)

LL2_1W For live load one-way floor loads. (3.80 kPa)

LL2_2W For live load two-way floor loads. (3.80 kPa)

LLR_1W For roof live load one-way floor loads. (1.92 kPa)
LLR_2W For roof live load two-way floor loads. (1.92 kPa)

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1

4. Input your group

name here.

3. Select Floor
option.

Input all required groups in the Create Group interface to organize structural elements. This ensures efficient load
application and easier model management.
5.4 Isolate level 2F to RD and set the view to top view and assign the below floor groups. (DEAD Load)
DL_1W For dead load one-way floor loads.
DL_2W For dead load two-way floor loads.

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4. Select Top View

2. Select the desired floor

beams

Press Ctrl + G to open the Group interface and manage or view existing groups within the model.

1. Select the desired beams

The one-way dead load (DL_1W) group has been successfully created
Next, select the two-way slab elements and assign them to the DL_2W group, which is designated for two-way
dead load distribution.

1. Select the desired beams

5.5 Isolate level 2F to RD and set the view to top view and assign the below floor groups. (Live Load)
LL1_2W For live load two-way floor loads. (1.90 kPa)

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4. Select Top View

2. Select the desired floor

beams
Press Ctrl + G to open the Group interface and manage or view existing groups within the model.

1. Select the desired beams

The one-way live load (LL1_2W) group has been successfully created

5.6 Isolate level 2F to RD and set the view to top view and assign the below floor groups. (Live Load 2)
LL2_1W For live load one-way floor loads. (3.80 kPa)
LL2_2W For live load two-way floor loads. (3.80 kPa)

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4. Select Top View

2. Select the desired floor

beams
Press Ctrl + G to open the Group interface and manage or view existing groups within the model.

1. Select the desired beams

The one-way live load (LL2_1W) group has been successfully created

Next, select the two-way slab elements and assign them to the LL_2W group, which is designated for two-way
live load distribution.

1. Select the desired beams

5.7 Isolate level 2F to RD and set the view to top view and assign the below floor groups. (Live Load 2)
LLR_1W For live load one-way floor loads. (1.92 kPa)
LLR_2W For live load two-way floor loads. (1.92 kPa)

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4. Select Top View

2. Select the desired floor

beams

Press Ctrl + G to open the Group interface and manage or view existing groups within the model.

1. Select the desired beams

The one-way live load (LLR_1W) group has been successfully created
Next, select the two-way slab elements and assign them to the LLR_2W group, which is designated for two-way
live load distribution.

1. Select the desired beams

6.0 APPLYING PROPERTIES

In [Link], concrete section properties must be assigned to structural elements to define their size and behavior.
This includes specifying dimensions for beams, columns, and slabs using the Define Property option under the
General tab before assigning them to the respective members.
6.10 By default, [Link] uses 4000 psi concrete as the standard material property. For this project, create
a new material property for 5000 psi concrete using the Material dialog under the General tab.
Additional concrete strengths may also be defined as needed, based on project requirements or
guidance from project management.
Note: Select the desired elements (beam or column) to apply the concrete strength.

4. Change to the desired

3 strength.
5000 psi = 34,473.79 kN/m2

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6.2 Create concrete section properties
Dimension
Elements
(mm)
Column 800 x 800
Girder 600 x 450
Intermediate Beams 450 x 300
Footing Tie Beams 450 x 300

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5. Input the member
dimensions according to
the specified sizes required
for beams and columns

6.3 Apply the previously defined section properties to the corresponding structural elements in the model.

6.3.1 Isolate all the exterior columns and set to top view.

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6.3.2 Assign the selected columns to their designated section properties.

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6.3.3 All beam at Ground Floor are 450 x 300mm.

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6.3.4 Select and isolate beams from 2F to RD and set the view to top view.

1. Select the desired beams

6.3.5 Highlighted beams are 600 x 450 mm

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6.3.6 Highlighted beams are 450 x 300 mm

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6.4 Apply section cracked factors in accordance with ACI 318-14 and NSCP 2015 to account for stiffness
reduction in flexural members.

Apply 0.7 to all columns

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4

Apply 0.7 to all beams

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1. Select all columns 8

Apply 0.35 to all beams

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1. Select all beams 7

6.5 Apply end releases to all secondary beams by releasing moments Mz and My along the local axes to allow
rotational flexibility.

Applying release at Start of the beam

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1. Select All Beams 3

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Applying release at End of the beam
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1. Select All Beams 3

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7.0 SUPPORTS
7.1 Supports application.
- We will apply fixed support boundary conditions at the base of the structure to prevent translation and
rotation in all directions.
7.1.1 Set the view to front view.
7.1.2 Create fixed support condition and apply to the base of the structure.

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1. Select all base nodes

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8.0 DIAPHRAGMS
8.1 Creating and applying rigid diaphragms.
This command is used to define rigid floor diaphragms without manually specifying a master joint for each
level. When applied, [Link] automatically performs the following:

1. Calculates the center of mass for each rigid diaphragm based on the defined mass model. Note that
the mass must be specified using a mass reference load case.
2. Generates an internal analytical node at the center of mass to serve as the master joint for analysis. If
a node already exists at this location, it will be used instead of creating a new one.

8.1.1 Set the view to front view and define rigid diaphragms.

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1. Select the desired nodes

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Rigid Diaphragms Level: 1.5m, 5.0 m, 8.5 m, 12.0 m
9.0 LOAD APPLICATION
9.1 Loading the Structure
In this step, we will apply loads to the structure using [Link]’s Reference Load feature. Reference loads
allow you to define multiple load cases that act as building blocks, which can later be combined into
primary load cases. These reference cases are not analyzed independently but only when included in a real
load case. This approach is particularly useful for large models, as it reduces computational time and limits
the volume of output data to only those results relevant to the actual load combinations being analyzed.
We will set all the dead loads as Reference Load.
9.1.1 Create Reference Load.
DL1 – Selfweight
DL2 – Superimposed Deadload

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9.1.2 DL1 has the load items below:
Self weight Y – 1
- 2.94 kN/m2 one way (floor load)
- 2.94 kN/m2 two way (floor load)

Applying Self weight.

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Applying One Way Floor Loads .

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Applying Two Way Floor Loads .

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9.1.3 DL2 has the load items below:

- 3.30 kN/m2 two way (floor load)
- 3.30 kN/m2 two way (floor load)
- 10.885 kN/m (member load – exterior wall)
- 10.43 kN/m (member load – interior wall)

Applying One Way Floor Loads (DL2).

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Applying Two Way Floor Loads (DL2).

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9.1.4 Isolate GF to 3F, set to top view and apply the -10.885 kn/m for exterior wall and -10.43 kn/m for
interior wall.
Adding Exterior member loads (DL2).

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Adding Interior member loads (DL2).

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9.2 Creating Seismic Definition using UBC 1997.

Table 4 – Seismic Parameters
SEISMIC PARAMETERS
Zone (Z) 0.4 NSCP 2015 Table 208-3
Importance Factor (I) 1.0 NSCP 2015 Table 208-1
Response Modification Factor (Rx) 8.5 NSCP 2015 Table 208-11
Response Modification Factor (Ry) 8.5 NSCP 2015 Table 208-11
Soil Classification 4 NSCP 2015 Table 208-2
Near Source Factor (Na) 1.172 NSCP 2015 Table 208-5
Near Source Factor (Nv) 1.544 NSCP 2015 Table 208-6
Seismic Coefficient (Ca) 0.5156 NSCP 2015 Table 208-7
Seismic Coefficient (Cv) 0.988 NSCP 2015 Table 208-8

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 9.3 Creating Seismic Weight
- The Reference load DL1 and DL2 will be reused as seismic weight.

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Note: The use of negative signs will not affect the results, provided that all load entries are consistent in
terms of sign convention—as is the case in this training model. Load cases R1 and R2 will be used to
compute the seismic weight, which can be verified upon completion of the analysis.
In the absence of a reference load case specifically defined as mass or gravity, [Link] will consider
load cases labeled as DL1 and DL2 for calculating the mass used in rigid diaphragm center of mass
determination. As such, loads from R1 and R2 will be used in the computation of the diaphragm’s center
of mass. This can be verified after the analysis is completed.

9.4 Creating Load Cases

We will create 7 primary load cases for this project, as defined below.

LC Primary Load Case Name

1 EX Seismic X Direction
2 EZ Seismic Y Direction
3 DL1 Dead Load – Self weight
4 DL2 Dead Load – Superimposed
5 LL1 Live load (1.9 kPa)
6 LL2 Live load (3.8 kPa)
7 LLR Roof Live Load (1.92 kPa)
9.4.1 Follow the steps below to create the 7 primary load cases.
1. Seismic Load EX

2. Seismic Load EZ

3. DEAD LOAD 1 (DL 1)

4. DEAD LOAD 2 (DL 2)

5. LIVE LOAD 1 (LL1)

6. LIVE LOAD 2 (LL2)

1. ROOF LIVE LOAD (LLR)

9.5 ADDING LOAD ITEMS TO LOAD CASES

9.5.1 Load item for EX

4 5

3 1
6

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2

Note: Accidental Torsion moment = 0.05 and Natural Torsional Moment = 1.0.
IF THIS UBC/IBC ANALYSIS HAS TENSION/COMPRESSION OR REPEAT LOAD OR RE-ANALYSIS OR SELECT
OPTIMIZE, THEN EACH UBC/IBC CASE SHOULD BE FOLLOWED BY PERFORM ANALYSIS & CHANGE.
9.5.2 Load item for EZ

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Note: Accidental Torsion moment = 0.05 and Natural Torsional Moment = 1.0.
IF THIS UBC/IBC ANALYSIS HAS TENSION/COMPRESSION OR REPEAT LOAD OR RE-ANALYSIS OR SELECT
OPTIMIZE, THEN EACH UBC/IBC CASE SHOULD BE FOLLOWED BY PERFORM ANALYSIS & CHANGE.

9.5.2 Load item for DL1 (We will use Reference Load R1 here)

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9.5.3 Load item for DL2 (We will use Reference Load R2 here)

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9.5.4 Load item for LL1 (LL1_2w)

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9.5.4 Load item for LL2 (LL2_1w)

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9.5.4 Load item for LL2 (LL2_2w)

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9.5.5 Load item for LLR (LLR_2w)

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9.5.6 This should be the complete Primary Load Cases with the added load items.
9.6 PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS
It is recommended to perform a preliminary analysis before creating any load combinations. This allows the user to
identify and correct any modeling errors early in the process, ensuring the structural model is properly set up before
proceeding to the design phase.
9.6.1 Performing the preliminary analysis.

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9.6.2 Running the analysis.

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 9.6.3 Verifying Results
In the Post Processing mode, go to the Reactions page and select Static Check Results to verify that the
difference between the total applied loads and the support reactions is zero. A zero difference confirms
that the loads have been transferred correctly throughout the structure.

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In this same page, a user can also verify if the total deadload match with the seismic weight. L/C 3 and 4
are DL1 and DL2, summing them would be 25,709.475 + 16,518.312 kN = 42,227.787 kN

Reviewing the output file, seismic weight shows almost the same value with the total dead load. This
indicates that the model and the analysis is fine.
10. CREATING LOAD COMBINATIONS
10.1 Creating Load Combinations
[Link] offers multiple methods for combining loads. Users can create load combinations
manually, use pre-defined code-based combinations, or apply auto load rules provided within
the software to generate combinations efficiently and in compliance with design codes.
In this training we will create load combinations manually.
10.1.1 Creating your first load combination.

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To speed-up the process of creating load combinations, a user may simply copy the load
combination from the word file provided.
Design Load [Link] – copy and paste it in the current model command file editor.

10.1.2 Open the command file editor.

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 Copy all the text from the provided word file and paste it the command file editor line 292

Paste Here

Save and Close the command file editor.

Notes to Remember:
1. Vertical and Orthogonal Effects: Seismic load combinations must account for both vertical and
orthogonal components. As recommended by UBC 1997 Section 1633.1 and NSCP 2015 Section
208.7.1, the combination 100% of seismic load in one direction plus 30% in the perpendicular
direction should be considered.
2. Redundancy Factor (r): For structures with regular framing systems, the redundancy factor is taken
as r = 1.0
3. Seismic Load Equation: The total seismic load is expressed as E = ρEₕ + Eᵥ, where:
Eh = horizontal seismic load
Ev = vertical seismic load
4. Vertical Seismic Load Component: The vertical component is calculated as Ev = 0.5 CaI ; where Ca
is the seismic acceleration coefficient and I is the importance factor.
5. Near-Source Factors (Na and Nv): Refer to NSCP 2015 Tables 208-5 and 208-6 for the determination
of Near Source Factors Na and Nv.
6. Seismic Coefficients (Ca and Cv): Refer to NSCP 2015 Tables 208-7 and 208-8 for the values of
seismic coefficients Ca and Cv based on soil type and seismic zone.
7. Fault Proximity Check: Use the HazardHunterPH tool at [Link]
to assess proximity to known active faults and determine if near-source factors should be applied.
 DESIGN LOAD COMBINATION FOR REINFORCED CONCRETE ELEMENTS
(BEAM, COLUMN, AND SHEARWALL)
LC Load Combination Name Expanded Load Combination
101 1.4DL = 1.4(DL1 + DL2)
102 1.2DL + 1.6LL + 0.5LLR = 1.2(DL1 + DL2) + 1.6(LL1 + LL2) + 0.5LLR
103 1.2DL + 1.6LLR + FILL = 1.2(DL1 + DL2) + 1.6LLR + 0.5LL1 + 0.5LL2
104 (1.2 + 0.5CaI)DL + FILL + 1.0EX + 0.3EZ = 1.46(DL1 + DL2) + 0.5LL1 + 0.5LLR + 0.5LL2 + 1.0EX + 0.3EZ
105 (1.2 + 0.5CaI)DL + FILL + 1.0EX - 0.3EZ = 1.46(DL1 + DL2) + 0.5LL1 + 0.5LLR + 0.5LL2 + 1.0EX - 0.3EZ
106 (1.2 + 0.5CaI)DL + FILL - 1.0EX + 0.3EZ = 1.46(DL1 + DL2) + 0.5LL1 + 0.5LLR + 0.5LL2 - 1.0EX + 0.3EZ
107 (1.2 + 0.5CaI)DL + FILL - 1.0EX - 0.3EZ = 1.46(DL1 + DL2) + 0.5LL1 + 0.5LLR + 0.5LL2 - 1.0EX - 0.3EZ
108 (1.2 + 0.5CaI)DL + FILL + 1.0EZ + 0.3EX = 1.46(DL1 + DL2) + 0.5LL1 + 0.5LLR + 0.5LL2 + 1.0EZ + 0.3EX
109 (1.2 + 0.5CaI)DL + FILL + 1.0EZ - 0.3EX = 1.46(DL1 + DL2) + 0.5LL1 + 0.5LLR + 0.5LL2 + 1.0EZ - 0.3EX
110 (1.2 + 0.5CaI)DL + FILL - 1.0EZ + 0.3EX = 1.46(DL1 + DL2) + 0.5LL1 + 0.5LLR + 0.5LL2 - 1.0EZ + 0.3EX
111 (1.2 + 0.5CaI)DL + FILL - 1.0EZ - 0.3EX = 1.46(DL1 + DL2) + 0.5LL1 + 0.5LLR + 0.5LL2 - 1.0EZ - 0.3EX
112 (0.9 - 0.5CaI)DL + 1.0EX + 0.3EZ = 0.64(DL1 + DL2) + 1.0EX + 0.3EZ
113 (0.9 - 0.5CaI)DL + 1.0EX - 0.3EZ = 0.64(DL1 + DL2) + 1.0EX - 0.3EZ
114 (0.9 - 0.5CaI)DL - 1.0EX + 0.3EZ = 0.64(DL1 + DL2) - 1.0EX + 0.3EZ
115 (0.9 - 0.5CaI)DL - 1.0EX - 0.3EZ = 0.64(DL1 + DL2) - 1.0EX - 0.3EZ
116 (0.9 - 0.5CaI)DL + 1.0EZ + 0.3EX = 0.64(DL1 + DL2) + 1.0EZ + 0.3EX
117 (0.9 - 0.5CaI)DL + 1.0EZ - 0.3EX = 0.64(DL1 + DL2) + 1.0EZ - 0.3EX
118 (0.9 - 0.5CaI)DL - 1.0EZ + 0.3EX = 0.64(DL1 + DL2) - 1.0EZ + 0.3EX
119 (0.9 - 0.5CaI)DL - 1.0EZ - 0.3EX = 0.64(DL1 + DL2) - 1.0EZ - 0.3EX
120 (0.9 + 0.5CaI)DL + 1.0EX + 0.3EZ = 1.16(DL1 + DL2) + 1.0EX + 0.3EZ
121 (0.9 + 0.5CaI)DL + 1.0EX - 0.3EZ = 1.16(DL1 + DL2) + 1.0EX - 0.3EZ
122 (0.9 + 0.5CaI)DL - 1.0EX + 0.3EZ = 1.16(DL1 + DL2) - 1.0EX + 0.3EZ
123 (0.9 + 0.5CaI)DL - 1.0EX - 0.3EZ = 1.16(DL1 + DL2) - 1.0EX - 0.3EZ
124 (0.9 + 0.5CaI)DL + 1.0EZ + 0.3EX = 1.16(DL1 + DL2) + 1.0EZ + 0.3EX
125 (0.9 + 0.5CaI)DL + 1.0EZ - 0.3EX = 1.16(DL1 + DL2) + 1.0EZ - 0.3EX
126 (0.9 + 0.5CaI)DL - 1.0EZ + 0.3EX = 1.16(DL1 + DL2) - 1.0EZ + 0.3EX
127 (0.9 + 0.5CaI)DL - 1.0EZ - 0.3EX = 1.16(DL1 + DL2) - 1.0EZ - 0.3EX

DRIFT CHECK LOAD COMBINATION

LC Load Combination Name Expanded Load Combination
201 1.2DL + FILL + 1.0EX + 0.3EZ = 1.2(DL1 + DL2) + 0.5LL1 + 0.5LLR + 0.5LL2 + 1.0EX + 0.3EZ
202 1.2DL + FILL + 1.0EX - 0.3EZ = 1.2(DL1 + DL2) + 0.5LL1 + 0.5LLR + 0.5LL2 + 1.0EX - 0.3EZ
203 1.2DL + FILL - 1.0EX + 0.3EZ = 1.2(DL1 + DL2) + 0.5LL1 + 0.5LLR + 0.5LL2 - 1.0EX + 0.3EZ
204 1.2DL + FILL - 1.0EX - 0.3EZ = 1.2(DL1 + DL2) + 0.5LL1 + 0.5LLR + 0.5LL2 - 1.0EX - 0.3EZ
205 1.2DL + FILL + 1.0EZ + 0.3EX = 1.2(DL1 + DL2) + 0.5LL1 + 0.5LLR + 0.5LL2 + 1.0EZ + 0.3EX
206 1.2DL + FILL + 1.0EZ - 0.3EX = 1.2(DL1 + DL2) + 0.5LL1 + 0.5LLR + 0.5LL2 + 1.0EZ - 0.3EX
207 1.2DL + FILL - 1.0EZ + 0.3EX = 1.2(DL1 + DL2) + 0.5LL1 + 0.5LLR + 0.5LL2 - 1.0EZ + 0.3EX
208 1.2DL + FILL - 1.0EZ - 0.3EX = 1.2(DL1 + DL2) + 0.5LL1 + 0.5LLR + 0.5LL2 - 1.0EZ - 0.3EX
209 0.9DL + 1.0EX + 0.3EZ = 0.9(DL1 + DL2) + 1.0EX + 0.3EZ
210 0.9DL + 1.0EX - 0.3EZ = 0.9(DL1 + DL2) + 1.0EX - 0.3EZ
211 0.9DL - 1.0EX + 0.3EZ = 0.9(DL1 + DL2) - 1.0EX + 0.3EZ
212 0.9DL - 1.0EX - 0.3EZ = 0.9(DL1 + DL2) - 1.0EX - 0.3EZ
213 0.9DL + 1.0EZ + 0.3EX = 0.9(DL1 + DL2) + 1.0EZ + 0.3EX
214 0.9DL + 1.0EZ - 0.3EX = 0.9(DL1 + DL2) + 1.0EZ - 0.3EX
215 0.9DL - 1.0EZ + 0.3EX = 0.9(DL1 + DL2) - 1.0EZ + 0.3EX
216 0.9DL - 1.0EZ - 0.3EX = 0.9(DL1 + DL2) - 1.0EZ - 0.3EX
 SERVICE LOAD COMBINATION – FOR FOOTING DESIGN
LC Load Combination Name Expanded Load Combination
401 1.0DL + 1.0LL = 1.0(DL1 + DL2) + 1.0(LL1 + LL2 + LLR)
402 1.0DL + 0.75LL + 0.535EX = 1.0(DL1 + DL2) + 0.75(LL1 + LL2 + LLR) + 0.535EX
403 1.0DL + 0.75LL - 0.535EX = 1.0(DL1 + DL2) + 0.75(LL1 + LL2 + LLR) - 0.535EX
404 1.0DL + 0.75LL + 0.535EZ = 1.0(DL1 + DL2) + 0.75(LL1 + LL2 + LLR) + 0.535EZ
405 1.0DL + 0.75LL - 0.535EZ = 1.0(DL1 + DL2) + 0.75(LL1 + LL2 + LLR) - 0.535EZ
406 0.6DL + 0.71EX = 0.6(DL1 + DL2) + 0.7EX
407 0.6DL - 0.71EX = 0.6(DL1 + DL2) - 0.7EX
408 0.6DL + 0.71EZ = 0.6(DL1 + DL2) + 0.7EZ
409 0.6DL - 0.71EZ = 0.6(DL1 + DL2) - 0.7EZ
410 1.0DL + 1.0LL + 0.71EX = 1.0(DL1 + DL2) + 1.0(LL1 + LL2 + LLR) + 0.71EX
411 1.0DL + 1.0LL - 0.71EX = 1.0(DL1 + DL2) + 1.0(LL1 + LL2 + LLR) - 0.71EX
412 1.0DL + 1.0LL + 0.71EZ = 1.0(DL1 + DL2) + 1.0(LL1 + LL2 + LLR) + 0.71EZ
413 1.0DL + 1.0LL - 0.71EZ = 1.0(DL1 + DL2) + 1.0(LL1 + LL2 + LLR) - 0.71EZ

ULTIMATE LOAD COMBINATION – FOR FOOTING DESIGN

LC Load Combination Name Expanded Load Combination
501 1.4DL = 1.4(DL1 + DL2)
502 1.2DL + 1.6LL + 0.5LLR = 1.2(DL1 + DL2) + 1.6(LL1 + LL2) + 0.5LLR
503 1.2DL + 1.6LLR + FILL = 1.2(DL1 + DL2) + 1.6LLR + 0.5LL1 + 0.5LL2
504 1.2DL + FILL + 1.0EX = 1.2(DL1 + DL2) + 0.5LL1 + 0.5LLR + 0.5LL2 + 1.0EX
505 1.2DL + FILL - 1.0EX = 1.2(DL1 + DL2) + 0.5LL1 + 0.5LLR + 0.5LL2 - 1.0EX
506 1.2DL + FILL + 1.0EZ = 1.2(DL1 + DL2) + 0.5LL1 + 0.5LLR + 0.5LL2 + 1.0EZ
507 1.2DL + FILL - 1.0EZ = 1.2(DL1 + DL2) + 0.5LL1 + 0.5LLR + 0.5LL2 - 1.0EZ
508 0.9DL + 1.0EX = 0.9(DL1 + DL2) + 1.0EX
509 0.9DL - 1.0EX = 0.9(DL1 + DL2) - 1.0EX
510 0.9DL + 1.0EZ = 0.9(DL1 + DL2) + 1.0EZ
511 0.9DL - 1.0EZ = 0.9(DL1 + DL2) - 1.0EZ
11. CREATING LOAD ENVELOPES
Creating load envelopes is a fast and convenient way to select a particular set of loads to work
with in the post processing mode.
11.1 Create Load Envelopes

2
4

5 3
7

Create all the four envelopes below:

LOAD
ENVELOPE TYPE
COMBINATION
101 TO 126 1000 STRENGTH
201 TO 216 2000 SERVICEABILITY
301 TO 313 3000 SERVICEABILITY (FOOTING)
401 TO 411 4000 STRENGTH (FOOTING)
12. CHECKING OF BUILDING IRREGULARITIES
In this stage, the structure is checked for potential building irregularities related to lateral performance,
based on story-level behavior. The checks include evaluating story drift, locating the center of gravity and
center of rigidity, and assessing story stiffness. These parameters help identify conditions such as soft
stories, which may compromise seismic performance. Ensuring these checks are performed helps
maintain compliance with NSCP 2015 and enhances overall structural stability under lateral loads.
12.1 Drift
Drift is a serviceability concern and should be minimized to the extent possible while remaining
within acceptable limits. The allowable seismic story drift is determined in accordance with UBC
1997 and NSCP 2015 Section 208.6.4.

In [Link], drift is automatically calculated at the center of mass of each floor when a rigid
diaphragm is present, reflecting realistic structural behavior under lateral loading.

12.1.1 Add one more Perform Analysis command for seismic drift with the Load List.

12.1.2 Applying Load list 201 to 216

1
12.1.3 Add the print check command.
Initial allowable drift is calculated below,

= 0.00420 h

5
4
3

6
12.1.4 Run the analysis and review the drift from the output file.

Analysis shows that all of the levels pass in drift.

13. RUNNING THE FINAL ANALYSIS
13.1 Adding additional analysis commands.
- Print Cg (center of gravity)
- Print Dia Cr (Center of Rigidity)
- Print Story Stiffness (Story Stiffness)
- Soft Story Check (ASCE 7)
- Irregularity Check

4
3

5 6

1 1

2 2
 Soft Story and Irregularity Check

2
1

3
3

2
1

3
3

4
3
Run the analysis and view output result.
14. REVIEW OF ANALYSIS OUTPUT
14.1 Floor Diaphragm

14.2 Soft Story Check

14.3 Torsional Irregularity Check

14.4 Geometric Irregularity Check

Based on the analysis output, no significant irregularities were detected in the structure, indicating that it
meets the required stability and serviceability criteria. With these checks completed, we may now
proceed to Part II: The Design.