CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY OF THE RESEARCH

This part discussed about research design, location and duration of the research,

population and sample, instrument of the research, and procedure of collecting data

and data analysis.

A. Research Design

This research used descriptive qualitative method. Qualitative research is

concerned with meaning as they appear to, or are achieved by persons in lived social

situations.1 Qualitative research is descriptive which the data is collected in the form

of words or pictures rather than numbers. Data in the form of quotes from

documents, field notes, and interviews or excerpts from videotapes, audiotapes, or

2
electronic communications are used to present the findings of the study.

The goal of descriptive research is to describe a phenomenon and its

characteristics. This research is more concerned with what rather than how or why

something has happened. Therefore, observation and survey tools are often used to

gather data.3
This research is aim to known the analysis of students’ understanding about five

simple tenses, the researcher used test and questionnaire in this research.

1
Sherman, R. R., & Webb, R. B. (1998). “Qualitative Research in Education: Focus and
Methods”. London: Falmer Press.
2
Bogdan, R. and Biklen, S.K 1982. “Qualitative Research for Education: An Introduction to
Theory and Methods”, Massachusetts: Allyn and Bacon Inc.
3
Gall, M.D., Gall, J.P., & Borg, W.R. (2007), Educational Research: An introduction (8th
ed.). Boston: Pearson.

28
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B. Location and Duration of the Research

The location of this research took place at SMPN 10 Parepare. This study used

descriptive design. So, the researcher needed time to ask permission to carry out the

research, get the data from students and collect the data to complete the finding of

this research. The researcher needed time for a few a weeks.

C. Population and Sample

1. Population
The population of this research is the students of Junior High School 10

Parepare in academic year 2020/2021 specially eight grade students. There

were 7 class for eight grade at Junior High School 10 Parepare.

2. Sample

The researcher used random sampling technique which involve some

students of eight grade which will consist 20 students.

D. Instrument of the Research

In this research, the researcher used two types of technique in collecting data

the researcher they are:

1. Questionnaire

a. Questionnaire

Questionnaire has a similar function with interviews, only

differing in their implementation. If the interview is delivered by the

researcher to the respondent orally, then the implementation of the

questionnaire is that the respondent is filled in with a questionnaire

compiled by the researcher. The results of this questionnaire data are not in
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the form of a questionnaire, but in the form of a description.4 The

questionnaire contained 10 statement that the students chose disagree or

agree with the statement it depends on their experienced. The students will

mark it with (√).

b. Test

Test is some sentence practice about five simple tenses which used

as a measure to know how far students’ understanding about tenses. So, the
students chose A, B, or C as the best answer. The exercising test will make

in google form, so the students will answer it by online. The exercising test

contained 30 items about five simple tenses, each tenses made 5 items. 5

items were about simple present, 5 items were about past tense, 5 items

were about perfect continuous tense, 5 items about future tense, and 5 items

were about present perfect tense.

2. Observation

Besides from interviews, observation is also a technique in collecting data

that is very common in qualitative research methods. Observation is part of

data collection. Observation means collecting data directly from the field.5

a. Whatsapp Group

As the tool to make the researcher easier to gathering some eight

grade students of Junior High School 10 Parepare, because now, the

students study at home caused by pandemic covid-19.

4
Iryana, Risky Kawasati, “Teknik Pengumpulan Data Metode Kualitatif”, Ekonomi Syariah,
Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Negeri (STAIN) Sorong
5
Semiawan, C. R. (2010). Metode Penelitian Kualitatif Jenis, Karakteristik dan
Keunggulannya. Jakarta: Grasindo.
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E. Procedure of Collecting Data and Data Analysis

The procedure of collecting data. First, the researcher made a whatsapp

group as a tool for the test. Second, the researcher explained about how to answer the

test. Third, the researcher delivered the exercising test by google form to whatsapp

group. Fourth, the researcher limited the time for the students 45 minutes. Fifth, the

researcher analyzed the result of the test.

1. Test
a. Scoring the students’ answer

𝑠𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑤𝑒𝑟

𝑆𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑒 = X 100
𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝐼𝑡𝑒𝑚

b. Classification the students’ score based on the following classification

Table 3.1 Classification of the Score

No. Classification Score

1. Very Good 86-100

2. Good 71-85

3. Fair 56-70

4. Poor 41-55

5. Very Poor ≤ 40

(DirjenPendidikanDasardanMenengah, 2005: 2) 6

2. Questionnaire

𝑓
𝑃= X 100%
𝑁

6
Dirjen Pendidikan Dasar dan Menengah, Peraturan Direktoral Jenderal Pendidikan Dasar
dan Menengah tentang; Penilian Pekembangan Anak Didik (Jakarta: Depdiknas, 2005), p. 2.
 32

Ket.

P = Percentage figure

f = The frequency that is being searched

N = Number of Class (the number of frequencies/ individuals)7

7
Sugiyono, Metode Penelitian Pendidikan (Bandung: Alfabeta, 2011). p.43