A

Major Project Report on

ENERGY SIMULATION OF BUILDING USING

eQUEST SOFTWARE
Submitted to:

RAJIV GANDHI PROUDYOGIKI VISHWAVIDYALAYA

BHOPAL (M.P)
In Partial fulfilment for the award of degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
CIVIL ENGINEERING
By:

Amit Kumar Malviya 0187CE201014

Aryan Yadav 0187CE201018
Devendra Sharma 0187CE201030
Dewargh Tiwari 0187CE201031
Under the Guidance of
Mr. Iqbal Hafeez Khan
Assistant Professor

SAGAR INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

SISTEC
GANDHI NAGAR, BHOPAL - 462036 (M.P.)
I
June, 2024

II
 CANDIDATE’S DECLARATION

We hereby certify that the project entitled “Energy Simulation of Building using eQUEST
Software” submitted by Aryan Yadav (0187CE201018), Amit Kumar Malviya
(0187CE201014), Devendra Sharma (0187CE201030) & Dewargh Tiwari
(0187CE2010131) in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the degree of
the B. Tech. (Civil Engineering) submitted in Rajeev Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya,
Bhopal at Sagar Institute of Science and Technology, Gandhi Nagar Bhopal is an authentic
record of our own work carried out during period from January 2024 to June 2024 under the
guidance of Mr. Iqbal Hafeez Khan, Assistant Prof., Department of Civil Engineering.

[Link]. Names Signature

1 Amit Kumar Malviya _________________

2 Aryan Yadav _________________

3 Devendra Sharma _________________

4 Dewargh Tiwari _________________

Place - _________________
Date - __________________

III
Ref. No. ................................. Date .................................

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project titled “Energy Simulation of Building using eQUEST
Software” is the bonafide work carried out by Aryan Yadav (0187CE201018), Amit
Kumar Malviya (0187CE201014), Devendra Sharma (0187CE201030), & Dewargh
Tiwari (0187CE2010131) in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the
degree of the B. Tech. (Civil Engineering) submitted in Rajeev Gandhi Proudyogiki
Vishwavidyalaya, Bhopal at Sagar Institute of Science and Technology, Gandhi Nagar
Bhopal is an authentic record of my own work carried out during period from January
2024 to June 2024 under the guidance of Mr. Iqbal Hafeez Khan, Assistant Prof.,
Department of Civil Engineering.

Signature of the Guide Signature of the HOD, CE

Mr. Iqbal Hafeez Khan Dr. Arnav Anuj Kasar

Assistant Professor

Signature of the Project Coordinators Signature of the Principal SISTec GN

Dr. Megha Jain Prof. (Dr.) Dinesh Kumar Rajoriya

ABSTRACT

IV
Energy simulation is a powerful tool that can be used to predict the energy consumption and
performance of a building before it is constructed. It can be used to evaluate different design
options and identify energy-saving measures. This project will use the eQUEST software to
perform an energy simulation of a mid-rise office building consisting of 8 floors with one
basement.
This project investigates the impact of improved building envelope thermal performance on the
annual energy consumption of a mid-rise office building using eQUEST software. The study
focuses on a hypothetical 8-story building with a basement, simulating three scenarios:

Baseline Case: This case represents the standard construction with a U-value of 0.5
Btu/(h⋅ft2⋅°F) for the building envelope.

Proposed Case: This scenario explores the potential energy savings by enhancing the building
envelope's thermal resistance, reducing the U-value to 0.2 Btu/(h⋅ft2⋅°F).

Proposed Case with Insulating Material (Fiberglass): Building upon the Proposed Case, this
scenario introduces additional insulating material to further improve the U-value to 0.2
Btu/(h⋅ft2⋅°F).

The eQUEST software was employed to model and simulate the energy performance of each
scenario under identical operating conditions. The results demonstrate a 4% reduction in annual
energy consumption for the Proposed Case compared to the Baseline Case. Furthermore, the
Proposed Case with Insulating Material achieved an even greater energy saving of 6% compared
to the baseline.

This project highlights the significant potential for reducing energy consumption in buildings
through improved envelope thermal performance. The findings encourage the adoption of
sustainable construction practices and the utilization of building energy modelling tools like
eQUEST to optimize building design and operation for energy efficiency.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

V
We express my sincere gratitude to the Sagar Institute of Science and Technology Gandhi Nagar
Bhopal for giving me the opportunity to work on the Major Project during my final year of
[Link]. (CE) is an important aspect in the field of engineering.

We would like to thank Dr. Dinesh Kumar Rajoriya, Principal and Dr. Arnav Anuj Kasar, Head
of Department, CE at SISTec GN for their kind support.

We also owe our sincerest gratitude towards Mr. Iqbal Hafeez for his valuable advice and
healthy criticism throughout our project, which helped us immensely to complete my work
successfully.

We would also like to thank everyone who has knowingly and unknowingly helped us
throughout our work. Last but not least, a word of thanks for the authors of all those books and
papers which We have consulted during our project work as well as for preparing the report.

[Link]. Names Signature

1 Amit Kumar Malviya _________________

2 Aryan Yadav _________________

3 Devendra Sharma _________________

4 Dewargh Tiwari _________________

Place - _________________
Date - __________________

List of Figures

VI
Figure Number Figure Caption Page No.
3.1 Building Geometry 13

3.2 Shell Components 14

3.3 Floor Designs 17 & 18

3.4 Zoning 19

3.5 3D Model of a Mid-Rise Office Building 20

3.6 WWR for the Model 21

3.7 Schedules of Occupants for Weekdays 24

3.8 Schedules of Occupants for Weekends 24

3.9 Schedules of Lighting for Weekdays 25

3.10 Schedules of Lighting for Weekends 25

3.11 Schedules of Equipment for Weekdays 26

3.12 Schedules of Equipment for Weekends 26

3.13 Schedules of Lift for Weekly 27

3.14 Schedules of Lift for Weekends 27

3.15 Assumption Sheet 29

4.1 Water Side System 30

4.2 Baseline Case 35

4.3 Proposed Case 36

4.4 Proposed Case with Insulating Material (Fiberglass) 36

4.5 Comparative Graph of all cases 38

List of Tables

VII
Table Number Description Page No.

4.1 Conditioned & Unconditioned Areas 33

4.2 Energy Demand 34

4.3 Comparison - Total Annual Energy Consumption 37

VIII
 Table of Content

Title Page i
Declaration of the Student ii
Certificate of the Guide iii
Abstract iv
Acknowledgment v
List of Figures vi
List of Tables vii
Chapter 1 – Introduction 1 - 10
1.1 - Problem Definition 4
1.2 - Energy Simulation 4
1.3 - Factors Affecting Energy Simulation 5
1.4 - About eQUEST 7
1.5 - eQUEST file type 7
1.6 - eQUEST Workflow 8
1.7 - eQUEST Output 9
1.8 - System Requirements 10
Chapter 2 - Literature Review 11 - 12
2.1 – Case Study 11
Chapter 3 – Methodology 13 - 29
3.1 - Building Geometry Input 14
3.2 - Define Building Components 15
3.3 - Create a Thermal Zone 18
3.4 - Define HVAC Systems 21
3.5 - Define Lighting Systems 22
3.6 - Define Occupancy and Use Schedules 22
3.7 - Define Equipment 22
3.8 - Simulate the Building Energy Performance 27
3.9 - Optimize the Building Energy Performance 27

IX
 3.10 - Validate and Verify the Results 28
Chapter 4 - Analysis & Results in eQUEST 30 - 39
4.1 - Study Parameters 30
4.2 - Result in eQUEST 32
4.3 - Energy Consumption 33
4.4 - Energy Demand 34
4.5 - Energy Use Intensity (EUI) 35
4.6 - Energy Cost 35
4.7 - Optimization Result 37
4.8 - Insulating Material 39
Chapter 5 - Conclusion 40
References 41

X
 Chapter - 1
Introduction
Buildings utilize 73% of the electricity produced in the United States and 41% of the energy
produced in the world (USGBC, 2012). This energy usage incurs enormous expenses and has a
detrimental environmental impact. Building operation can account for up to 97% of total primary
energy consumption, underscoring the long-term benefit of energy efficiency measures (Scheuer,
Keoleian, & Reppe. 2003). Project teams can use energy modelling software to help analyze
design decisions in terms of life-cycle costs in order to maximize building performance.

The energy performance of a building is determined by a variety of interrelated internal and

exterior elements, including material selection, mechanical and electrical systems, solar
orientation, climate, and human usage. Modifying different design components can result in
complicated interactions that are difficult to understand in isolation. Building energy modelling
software offers capabilities for assessing energy consequences across dynamically
interconnected systems. This training module depicts the interaction implications of such
selections for a given building type in different climates. eQUEST, a free software supplied as an
interface to the Department of Energy's computation engine, DOE-2, is the primary software
used.

The DOE-2 building energy simulation engine was created by the Department of Energy and the
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory to offer a public building energy simulation tool that
uses accurate localized weather data and can be used by professionals (Birdsall, 1990). The
engine incorporates thermodynamic characteristics of a building, weather data, and operating
assumptions to calculate estimated performance over time using complex algorithms. eQUEST is
a DOE-2 interface that provides simple wizards to guide the user through model development,
while accessing DOE-2 capabilities. eQUEST and other simulation tools are commonly used by
project design teams as a tool to enable evaluation of energy consumption impacts related to
specific design options. It is also used to simulate energy performance in support of fulfilment of
LEED energy performance credits.

It is generally recommended to compare and evaluate relative energy performance rather than
forecast actual building energy use when using energy modelling software. According to
industry experts, the accuracy of building energy models when used to forecast the performance
of actual non-residential buildings ranges from +/-10 to +/-40% (Clevenger & Haymaker, 2006).
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Overly optimistic system performance assumptions are a common source of mistake in forecasts
made by energy models. factors that are unknown and unclear, such the actual weather, "as-built"
construction, or overly simplistic modelling assumptions. However, the fundamental building
science and calculation algorithms used by the majority of energy modelling software are
dependable and may work as strong and useful instruments to analyze the relative impacts of
design choices. Building simulation can thereby influence the choice of building components in
both formal and informal design development, value engineering and performance optimization
exercises. Students will utilize eQUEST to input, simulate, and analyze design possibilities in the
following activity.

Windows form building aesthetics, allow daylight, provide views, and provide thermal
encapsulation. As a result, windows are considered one of the most critical components of a
commercial building envelope system [1]. The window-to-wall ratio (WWR) represents the
proportion of exterior wall surface area that is glazed (consists of windows), and WWR
influences many building attributes: window size establishes the physical/visual connection to
the exterior, and material use determines the environmental impacts [2]. Heat transfer
(conduction), solar heat gain (radiation), air leakage or ventilation (infiltration), and daylighting
(lighting demand offset) all have an impact on building energy use and occupant comfort.

Energy consumption in buildings is a significant contributor to overall energy usage and

greenhouse gas emissions. As the demand for sustainable and energy-efficient buildings
continues to grow, the need for accurate and reliable tools to assess and optimize energy
performance becomes increasingly important. Building energy simulation software plays a
crucial role in this process by providing a virtual platform to model, simulate, and analyze the
energy usage of buildings.[3]

This project will involve a systematic approach to energy simulation using eQUEST, starting
with the collection and input of building data, including architectural drawings, specifications,
and operational characteristics. The software will be used to create a detailed virtual model of the
building, incorporating key parameters and inputs necessary for accurate energy performance
simulation.

The simulation process will include defining the building geometry and envelope properties,
modeling the HVAC systems, specifying lighting and equipment loads, incorporating occupancy
schedules, and selecting appropriate weather data for the location. By running the simulations,

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we will obtain valuable insights into the building's energy consumption, demand profiles, and
potential areas for energy optimization.

Throughout this project, we will analyze the simulation results, comparing different design
scenarios, energy conservation measures, or operational strategies to identify the most effective
approaches for improving energy performance and reducing energy costs. The findings and
conclusions drawn from this project will contribute to the understanding of energy simulation
using eQUEST software and provide practical recommendations for energy-efficient building
design and operation.

By delving into the field of energy simulation and utilizing eQUEST software, this major project
aims to enhance our understanding of building energy performance and contribute to the broader
goal of sustainable and energy-efficient buildings.

The increasing demand for sustainable and energy-efficient buildings has propelled the
development of sophisticated tools and methodologies for assessing and optimizing energy
performance. Energy simulation software has emerged as a powerful tool in this context,
enabling designers and engineers to analyze and predict the energy consumption of buildings. By
simulating various building components and systems, energy simulation software helps identify
opportunities for energy conservation, evaluate design alternatives, and optimize building
performance. This major project focuses on the topic of "Energy simulation by eQUEST
software," which aims to explore the capabilities and applications of eQUEST in modeling and
simulating building energy performance. The findings of the project will be documented in a
report that will include the following:

 A detailed description of the eQUEST model and the energy efficiency measures that
were simulated.
 The results of the baseline energy simulation and the energy efficiency measure
simulations.
 An evaluation of the energy savings and cost savings associated with the energy
efficiency measures.

This project is expected to make a significant contribution to the field of building energy
simulation. The results of the project will be used to inform the design of more energy-efficient
office buildings and to develop energy efficiency retrofit strategies for existing office buildings.

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1.1 - Problem Definition
The built environment is a significant contributor to global energy consumption. Optimizing
building design for energy efficiency is crucial for reducing our environmental impact and
lowering operational costs.

This project addresses the challenge of accurately assessing the potential for energy savings
through improved building envelope performance. Traditional methods like physical audits can
be resource intensive.

Therefore, this project aims to:

Utilize eQUEST building energy modelling software to simulate the impact of various building
envelope configurations on the annual energy consumption of a mid-rise office building.

Analyse the potential for energy savings achievable through improved thermal resistance of the
building envelope.

Demonstrate the effectiveness of building energy modelling as a tool for optimizing building
design and promoting sustainable construction practices.

By utilizing eQUEST software and focusing on the building envelope, this project seeks to
bridge the gap between design choices and their impact on energy consumption, ultimately
contributing to more energy-efficient and environmentally friendly buildings.

1.2 - Energy Simulation

Energy simulation is the process of using computer-based models to simulate and analyze the
energy performance of buildings, systems, or processes. It involves the use of software tools to
predict and evaluate energy consumption, thermal comfort, and other relevant parameters.
Energy simulations can be used in various applications, such as building design, retrofit analysis,
renewable energy integration, policy compliance, and system optimization. Factors that affect
energy simulations include building geometry, envelope properties, HVAC systems, occupancy
patterns, climate data, construction materials, system efficiencies, control strategies, building
codes, and occupant comfort requirements. Accurately accounting for these factors and using
appropriate input data is crucial for reliable and insightful energy simulation results.

Energy simulations can be used in various applications, such as:

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  Building design: Architects and engineers use energy simulations to optimize the energy
performance of buildings during the design phase. It helps in assessing the impact of
different design strategies, such as building orientation, insulation levels, and HVAC
systems, on energy consumption and occupant comfort.
 Retrofit analysis: Energy simulations can be used to analyze and compare the energy-
saving potential of various retrofit measures in existing buildings. This helps in
identifying cost-effective energy efficiency upgrades and estimating the return on
investment.
 Renewable energy integration: Simulations play a crucial role in assessing the
feasibility and impact of integrating renewable energy technologies, such as solar panels
or wind turbines, into buildings or energy systems. It helps in optimizing the sizing,
placement, and operation of these systems.
 Policy and code compliance: Energy simulations are used to evaluate and verify
compliance with energy codes and standards. They provide a quantitative assessment of a
building's energy performance, which is essential for regulatory compliance and energy
certification programs.
 System optimization: Simulations can be used to optimize the operation and control of
complex energy systems, such as district heating and cooling networks or micro grids. By
modeling and analyzing different scenarios, energy simulations can help in identifying
the most efficient strategies for energy generation, distribution, and storage.

Energy simulations rely on mathematical models that represent the physical behavior of
buildings, equipment, and energy systems. These models take into account factors such as
climate conditions, occupancy patterns, thermal properties of materials, and equipment
specifications. Simulation results provide insights into energy consumption, heating and cooling
loads, indoor air quality, and other performance metrics.

Overall, energy simulations are a valuable tool for improving energy efficiency, reducing
environmental impact, and making informed decisions in the design, operation, and retrofit of
buildings and energy systems.

1.3 - Factors Affecting Energy Simulation

Several factors can influence the accuracy and reliability of energy simulations. Here are some
key factors that can affect energy simulation results:
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 Building geometry and orientation: The size, shape, and layout of the building have a
significant impact on energy consumption. Factors such as window-to-wall ratio, building
aspect ratio, and shading from adjacent structures can affect solar gains, daylighting, and
overall thermal performance.
 Building envelope properties: The thermal characteristics of the building envelope,
including insulation levels, glazing properties, and air leakage rates, greatly influence
energy usage. Properly modeling these properties is crucial for accurate simulation
results.
 HVAC systems and controls: The type, capacity, efficiency, and control strategies of
heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems affect energy consumption
and thermal comfort. Accurately modeling HVAC systems and their interactions with the
building is essential for realistic energy simulations. Occupancy and usage patterns: The
number of occupants, their behavior, and the activities performed within the building
impact energy demand. Factors such as occupancy schedules, internal heat gains from
equipment and lighting, and ventilation requirements should be considered to capture
realistic energy usage patterns.
 Climate data: Local climate conditions, including temperature, humidity, solar radiation,
and wind patterns, have a significant influence on a building's energy performance. The
use of accurate and representative weather data is crucial for reliable energy simulations.
 Construction materials and thermal properties: The thermal conductivity, specific
heat, and density of building materials affect heat transfer within the building. Accurately
modeling these properties is important for capturing the thermal behavior of the building
envelope and its impact on energy consumption.
 System efficiencies and performance: The efficiency of HVAC equipment, lighting
systems, and other energy-consuming devices should be accurately represented in the
simulation models. The performance characteristics of renewable energy systems, such as
photovoltaic panels or wind turbines, also need to be properly accounted for.
 Control strategies and set points: The way building systems are controlled, and the set
points chosen for temperature, humidity, and other parameters can significantly impact
energy consumption. Accurate representation of control strategies is crucial for realistic
simulation results. Building codes and standards: Compliance with energy codes and
standards may require specific modeling approaches and assumptions. It is important to

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 consider the applicable regulations and guidelines to ensure the simulations align with the
required criteria.
 Occupant comfort requirements: The desired indoor comfort levels, such as
temperature, humidity, and air quality, affect HVAC system operation and energy
consumption.

1.4 - About eQUEST

eQUEST is a building energy modeling software used in the design and analysis of energy-
efficient buildings. It is a powerful and comprehensive tool that can model different building
types, systems, and components, and can simulate energy use and cost for a building over its
lifetime.

eQUEST allows users to model different HVAC systems, lighting, and other building systems to
determine the best design options for a building. It can also be used to estimate the energy
consumption and cost of a building, as well as its carbon footprint.

eQUEST is widely used in the building design and construction industry, especially for green
building certification programs like LEED and Energy Star. It is a free software and is supported
by the U.S. Department of Energy, making it widely accessible to designers and engineers across
the globe.

eQUEST is a powerful software, but it requires a significant learning curve to become proficient
in its use. Users need to have a good understanding of building systems, energy modeling
principles, and simulation software to make the most out of eQUEST.

1.5 - eQUEST File Types

In EQUEST software, there are different file types used to input and output data. Here are some
of the file types used in EQUEST:

1. INP file - This is the main input file in eQUEST. It contains all the building geometry,
construction materials, HVAC system components, and operating schedules used in the
simulation.

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2. WEA file - This file contains weather data used in the simulation, including temperature,
humidity, solar radiation, and wind speed.
3. DDY file - This file contains the design day data used in the simulation, including temperature,
humidity, and solar radiation.
4. CSV file - This file is used to import and export data to and from eQUEST. Users can export
simulation results to a CSV file and analyze them in a spreadsheet program like Microsoft Excel.
5. RPT file - This file contains the simulation results, including energy consumption, HVAC
system performance, and other performance metrics.
6. DXF file - This file is used to import building geometry from a CAD program into eQUEST. It
allows users to import complex building geometry and streamline the modeling process
7. IDF file - This file is used to export building geometry from eQUEST to other simulation
programs like Energy Plus. It allows users to use the building geometry modeled in eQUEST in
other simulation programs.
8. XLS file - This file is used to input operating schedules for HVAC systems, lighting, and other
building systems. Users can input schedules for different building zones and equipment types in
a spreadsheet program like Microsoft Excel and import them into eQUEST.

1.6 - eQUEST Workflow

The typical workflow for creating a building energy model in eQUEST is as follows:

1. Create a new project: In the Project Navigator window, click on "New Project" to create a new
project. Enter a name for the project and select the type of building that you want to model.
2. Define building geometry: In the Input window, select "Building Geometry" and enter
information about the building's size, shape, and orientation. Use the drawing tools to create an
accurate floor plan and elevations of the building.
3. Define building construction: In the Input window, select "Building Shell" and enter
information about the building's construction, including walls, roofs, floors, and windows. Use
the construction library to select pre-defined construction assemblies or create custom
assemblies.
4. Define HVAC system: In the Input window, select "HVAC System" and enter information
about the building's heating, ventilation, and air conditioning system. Use the HVAC library to
select pre-defined HVAC components or create custom components.

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5. Define lighting system: In the Input window, select "Lighting System" and enter information
about the building's lighting system. Use the lighting library to select pre-defined lighting
components or create custom components.
6. Define other energy-consuming equipment: In the Input window, select "Other Equipment"
and enter information about any other energy-consuming equipment in the building, such as
appliances and electronics.
7. Run simulation: In the Project Navigator window, select "Run Simulation" to start the energy
simulation. The simulation may take several minutes or hours to complete, depending on the size
and complexity of the building model.
8. Review results: In the Output window, review the results of the energy simulation, including
detailed energy consumption reports, graphs, and charts. Use the Reports window to generate
customized energy analysis reports based on the simulation results
9. Iterate and optimize: Use the simulation results to identify areas where energy consumption can
be reduced and make changes to the building energy model as needed. Run the simulation again
to see how the changes affect energy consumption.

1.7 - eQUEST Outputs

eQUEST software provides various outputs that help in evaluating the energy performance of a
building and identifying opportunities for energy savings. The outputs generated by eQUEST
include:

1. Hourly Energy Consumption: eQUEST can simulate the energy consumption of a building on
an hourly basis, giving insight into the energy usage patterns and allowing the identification of
peak demand periods.
2. Annual Energy Consumption: eQUEST can calculate the annual energy consumption of a
building based on different energy sources such as electricity, gas, and oil.

3. Energy Cost: eQUEST can estimate the energy cost of a building based on the simulated energy
consumption and the utility rates.
4. Energy Savings: eQUEST can identify opportunities for energy savings by comparing the
energy consumption of the baseline building design with alternative designs that incorporate
energy-saving measures such as improved insulation, efficient lighting, or renewable energy
systems.
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5. Carbon Emissions: eQUEST can estimate the carbon emissions associated with the energy
consumption of a building and compare it to a baseline value.
6. HVAC System Performance: eQUEST can evaluate the performance of the HVAC (heating,
ventilation, and air conditioning) system and provide recommendations for improving its
efficiency.
7. Thermal Comfort: eQUEST can assess the thermal comfort of the building occupants by
analyzing the indoor temperature, humidity, and air velocity.

1.8 - System Requirements

The following are the minimum system requirements to use eQUEST software:

 Operating system: Windows 10/8.1/8/7/Vista/XP

 Processor: 1 GHz or faster
 Memory: 2 GB RAM (4 GB recommended)
 Hard disk space: 1 GB free disk space
 Display: 1024 x 768 or higher screen resolution

Recommended system requirements:

 Operating system: Windows 10/11

 Processor: 2 GHz or faster quad-core processor
 Memory: 4 GB RAM (8 GB or more recommended)
 Hard disk space: 2 GB free disk space
 Display: 1920 x 1080 or higher screen resolution

If you are planning to use eQUEST to simulate large or complex buildings, it is recommended to
use a computer with higher system requirements, such as a 64-bit operating system, a faster
processor, and more memory.

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 Chapter - 2

Literature Review
Roy, A. et. al. (2021) reviewed that for a multi‐story factory building case study, the Base Case
and Design Case Energy consumption are compared with the actual. Simulation showed that,
design case values were less than the base case, and there is 18.9% of energy saving. The design
case value is compared with the actual value, and the simulation accuracy was measured to be
4.31% Mean Base Error and 14.95% Cumulative Root Mean Square Error. A comparison is
made for two conventional HVAC systems with evaporative cooling pad system, which is found
to be both energy & cost efficient.[4]

Lamichhane, S. et. al. (2021) reviewed a study that investigated the impact of twenty building
parameters on building energy performance. The study used data from two operational
commercial buildings to develop an energy model in eQUEST, which was then calibrated to
industry standards. The top three parameters affecting energy performance for both buildings
were identified as heating setpoint, cooling setpoint, and the presence of a server room. When
optimized simultaneously, the energy efficiency of the two buildings improved by 29% and 35%,
respectively. This research underscores the importance of these specific parameters in optimizing
building energy performance.[5]

Aqil, M. et. al. (2022) reviewed the study, which investigates non-energy passive strategies for
achieving energy-efficient buildings, focusing on a Nitte, India laboratory with uncomfortable
conditions due to its GI sheet roofing and concrete walls. Using the eQUEST software, the
research demonstrates the potential to enhance human comfort through cost-effective insulation,
like 5 mm coconut pith insulation on walls and 5 mm jute fiber under the roof with a 0.3 m air
gap, alongside low emissivity glass windows. The maintained temperature is 75-80 ˚F (24-27 ˚C)

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for most hours, with relative humidity between 40 and 49 percent, significantly improving the
previously uncomfortable conditions.[6]

Baig, A. et. al. (2014) reviewed a paper that presents a case study in the energy modeling of an
existing energy-efficient library building located in Tweed, Ontario. The study found that the
simulated annual electricity consumptions were 1.5% less than the actual electricity
consumptions, and the average difference for annual natural gas consumption was 7%. The
authors suggest that the accuracy of the simulation model in future studies could be improved by
on-site weather measurement, collection of hourly energy consumption and occupancy data.[7]

Rallapalli, H. (2010) reviewed a thesis that compared the use of two whole building energy
simulation programs, eQUEST and energy Plus, for energy-efficient building design. The thesis
found that eQUEST is more user-friendly and produces results quickly, while energy Plus is
better at modeling complex systems and providing more accurate results. However, energy Plus
also takes longer to run simulations. The thesis suggests that a common front-end interface for
both programs would be beneficial, allowing users to select the appropriate engine based on the
specific needs of each project. This would enhance flexibility and efficiency in energy analysis
for building design and performance assessment.[8]

Nasim, H. et. al. (2022) investigated the yearly energy usage of an engineering college in the hot
and dry climate of Bikaner, India (28.0229 °N, 73.3119 °E). The study looks at the elements that
influence energy consumption, with an emphasis on a model that uses an air-cooled chiller for
space cooling. The eQUEST simulation programmed was used to construct the model, which
corresponds to ASHRAE 90.1(The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-
Conditioning Engineers.) and India's Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC). The study
demonstrates a clear influence on energy usage by analyzing alternative building orientations and
roof structures, resulting in possible yearly energy savings of up to 3.36%.[9]

Zerroug, A. et. al. (2011) reviewed a paper that compared two popular whole building energy
simulation programs, eQUEST and Energy Plus. Both programs are developed by the United
States Department of Energy, but eQUEST is generally considered to be more user-friendly and
quicker to produce results. The paper also found that eQUEST is more accurate in replicating
real heat and energy flows in buildings, making it a better choice for use in the preparatory phase
of projects.[10]

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 Chapter – 3

Methodology
eQUEST is a building energy modeling software that allows users to create accurate and detailed
energy models of buildings. The software uses a comprehensive methodology that involves
several steps to model the building's energy performance accurately. Here is a detailed
methodology of eQUEST software:

3.1 - Building Geometry Input

The first step in creating an energy model in eQUEST is to input the building's geometry data.
eQUEST requires the building geometry information in a certain file format such as DXF, DWG,
or WRL format. The building geometry is modeled in 3D and the input data includes the
building's shape, size, location, and orientation. Building geometry input is a critical step in
energy simulation using eQUEST software. It involves accurately defining the physical
dimensions, layout, and structural features of the building being simulated. The key aspects of
building geometry input include:

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 Floor Plans: Obtain detailed floor plans of the building, which provide information about the
arrangement and dimensions of rooms, corridors, and other spaces. Floor plans help
determine the overall layout and organization of the building.
 Elevations: Obtain elevations, which depict the building's external faces, including walls,
windows, doors, and roofs. Elevations provide information about the building's exterior
design, fenestration, and architectural features.
 Importing Drawings: Import the floor plans and elevations into the eQUEST software. This
can be done by utilizing the software's import capabilities, which may support common file
formats such as AutoCAD or DXF. Importing the drawings allows for a precise
representation of the building's geometry within the software.
 Room Dimensions: Define the dimensions of each room, including length, width, and
height. This information helps establish the interior space of the building and ensures
accurate simulation results.
 Wall Properties: Specify the properties of walls, such as thickness, insulation levels, and
construction materials. This information is crucial for modeling heat transfer through the
building envelope accurately.

Figure 3.2 - Shell Component

Page 14 of 42
 Window and Door Parameters: Input the dimensions, glazing properties, and orientations
of windows and doors. These details influence the natural lighting, solar heat gain, and
ventilation within the building.
 Roof Configuration: Define the shape and properties of the roof, including insulation,
materials, and slopes. The roof characteristics impact the building's thermal performance and
energy consumption.

3.2 Define Building Components

The next step is to define the building components such as walls, roofs, floors, doors, and
windows. The properties of each component such as material type, thickness, insulation, and
solar heat gain coefficient are entered in the software. eQUEST allows users to input different
types of building components and their properties. Building components refer to the various
elements or parts that make up a building's structure, envelope, systems, and interior. These
components contribute to the overall functionality, performance, and aesthetics of the building.
Here are some common building components:

 Walls: The vertical structures that enclose and define the building's perimeter. Walls
provide structural support, insulation, and protection from external elements.
 Roofs: The uppermost covering of a building that protects against weather elements such
as rain, snow, and sunlight. Roofs can be flat or pitched and are typically constructed
with materials such as shingles, tiles, or metal.
 Windows: Transparent openings in walls that allow natural light to enter and provide
views to the exterior. Windows can be made of glass, plastic, or other translucent
materials and are essential for daylighting and ventilation.
 Doors: Entry points into the building, allowing access for occupants and securing the
building. Doors come in various types, such as hinged, sliding, or revolving, and can be
made of wood, metal, or glass.
 Floors: Horizontal surfaces within a building that provide support for occupants and
contents. Floors are constructed with materials such as concrete, wood, or tiles and can
incorporate insulation for thermal comfort.
 Ceilings: The upper surface of a room or space that covers the overhead structure.
Ceilings can be plain or decorative and may include acoustic treatments, lighting fixtures,
or mechanical system components.

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  HVAC Systems: Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems that regulate indoor
temperature, humidity, and air quality. HVAC components include furnaces, heat pumps,
air conditioners, fans, ductwork, and thermostats.
 Electrical Systems: The infrastructure that delivers electricity throughout the building.
Electrical components include wiring, outlets, switches, circuit breakers, and lighting
fixtures.
 Plumbing Systems: The network of pipes, fixtures, and valves that supply water,
distribute it within the building, and handle wastewater. Plumbing components include
sinks, toilets, showers, pipes, pumps, and water heaters.
 Interior Finishes: Materials and finishes applied to interior surfaces for aesthetics and
functionality. These include paint, wallpaper, flooring, cabinetry, countertops, and
decorative elements.

Each building component plays a crucial role in the overall performance and functionality of a
building. Understanding and appropriately selecting and integrating these components are
essential for achieving desired outcomes in terms of structural integrity, energy efficiency,
comfort, and aesthetics.

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Floor Plans

Basement Ground Floor

1st Floor 2nd Floor

3rd Floor 4th Floor

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 5th Floor 6th Floor

7th Floor 8th Floor

Figure 3.3 - Floor Plans

3.3 - Create a Thermal Zone

The building is then divided into thermal zones in eQUEST. A thermal zone represents the areas
with the same thermal properties such as temperature and humidity. The thermal zones can be
defined by the building's physical layout, HVAC systems, and other factors. The building can be
divided into as many thermal zones as required. A thermal zone refers to a distinct area or space
within a building that is characterized by similar thermal conditions. Creating thermal zones is
important for accurately modeling and simulating the energy performance of a building. Here's a
step-by-step process to create a thermal zone:

 Identify Boundaries: Determine the boundaries of the thermal zone. This can be done by
analyzing the physical layout, architectural features, and functional requirements of the
building. Consider factors such as partition walls, doors, and other barriers that separate
different areas.

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 Define Zone Properties: Assign properties and characteristics to the thermal zone based
on its intended use, occupancy, and thermal behavior. Consider factors such as the
heating and cooling requirements, insulation levels, internal loads, and ventilation
strategies specific to the zone.
 Group Building Elements: Group the relevant building elements within the thermal
zone. This includes walls, roofs, floors, windows, and doors that define the boundaries of
the zone. Ensure that the assigned elements accurately represent the physical components
within the zone.
 Assign Materials and Properties: Specify the thermal properties of the building
elements within the thermal zone. This involves assigning appropriate materials, such as

Figure 3.4 - Zoning

insulation materials for walls and roofs, glazing properties for windows, and thermal
resistance values for floors. These properties affect the heat transfer characteristics and
energy performance of the zone.

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 Figure 3.5 - 3D Model of a Mid-Rise Office Building

 Define Internal Loads: Identify and input the internal heat sources and loads specific to
the thermal zone. This includes lighting fixtures, equipment, appliances, and occupants.
Consider their schedules, power consumption, and heat output to accurately represent the
internal load profile within the zone.
 HVAC System Integration: If applicable, integrate the heating, ventilation, and air
conditioning (HVAC) system components that serve the thermal zone. This includes air
supply and return ducts, terminal units, thermostats, and control strategies. The HVAC
system should be designed to meet the thermal comfort and energy requirements of the
zone.
 Simulation and Analysis: Run the energy simulation using the created thermal zone
model within the software. This will provide insights into the energy consumption,
thermal
comfort, and performance of the zone. Analyze the simulation results to evaluate and
optimize the thermal performance of the zone.

By creating distinct thermal zones, it becomes possible to analyze and evaluate the energy
performance of specific areas within a building. This approach allows for targeted optimization
strategies and enables a more accurate assessment of thermal comfort and energy efficiency.

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 Figure 3.6 - WWR for the Model

3.4 - Define HVAC Systems

The next step is to define the HVAC systems in eQUEST. The HVAC systems are defined based
on the building's requirements and the system efficiency. The parameters such as equipment
type, capacity, efficiency, and control strategy are entered into the software. EQUEST allows
users to input different types of HVAC systems and their properties. HVAC stands for Heating,
Ventilation, and Air Conditioning. HVAC systems are an integral part of building services and
are responsible for providing thermal comfort and maintaining indoor air quality. These systems
control the temperature, humidity, air movement, and air quality within a building. Here are the
key components of HVAC systems:

 Heating: HVAC systems provide heating to maintain a comfortable indoor temperature

during cold weather. Heating sources can include furnaces, boilers, heat pumps, or
electric heaters. These systems distribute heat through radiators, baseboard heaters, or
forced-air systems.
 Ventilation: Ventilation is the process of exchanging indoor air with fresh outdoor air. It
helps remove pollutants, control moisture, and replenish oxygen levels within a building.
Ventilation systems use fans and ductwork to distribute and circulate the air.

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  Air Conditioning: HVAC systems provide cooling to maintain a comfortable indoor
temperature during hot weather. Air conditioning is achieved through various cooling
technologies such as central air conditioning units, split systems, heat pumps, or chilled
water systems. These systems remove heat from indoor air and deliver cool air through
ducts or individual units.
 Ductwork: Ductwork is a network of channels that distribute conditioned air throughout
the building. It ensures proper airflow and delivers heated or cooled air to different
spaces. Ducts can be made of sheet metal, fiberglass, or flexible materials.
 Thermostats and Controls: HVAC systems are controlled by thermostats, which
monitor and adjust the indoor temperature based on user preferences. Advanced controls
and automation systems allow for precise temperature and humidity control, scheduling,
and energy optimization.
 Air Filters: HVAC systems incorporate air filters to remove dust, particles, and allergens
from the air. Filters help maintain indoor air quality by capturing contaminants before the
air is circulated back into the building.
 Fans and Blowers: Fans and blowers are essential components of HVAC systems. They
move air through the ductwork, enabling proper ventilation, air circulation, and
distribution of conditioned air.
 Exhaust Systems: Exhaust systems remove stale or polluted air from specific areas such
as kitchens, bathrooms, or mechanical rooms. They prevent the buildup of odors,
moisture, and contaminants by expelling air to the outdoors.

Proper design, installation, and maintenance of HVAC systems are crucial for achieving energy
efficiency, thermal comfort, and indoor air quality goals. Modern HVAC systems often
incorporate energy-efficient technologies, such as variable-speed drives, smart controls, and heat
recovery systems, to optimize performance and reduce energy consumption.

3.5 - Define Lighting Systems

The lighting systems are defined in eQUEST based on the building's requirements and the
system efficiency. The parameters such as lighting type, wattage, control strategy, and
occupancy sensors are entered into the software. eQUEST allows users to input different types of
lighting systems and their properties. eQUEST allows users to model a variety of lighting control
strategies, such as occupancy sensors and dimming controls. Lighting controls can help to reduce

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energy consumption by automatically turning off the lights when they are not in use or by
reducing the light level when less light is needed.

Lighting for the project:

 Basement areas – 0.20 Watt per sq. Feet
 All 8 floors – 0.90 Watt per sq. Feet

3.6 - Define Occupancy and Use Schedules

The occupancy and use schedules for each thermal zone are defined in EQUEST to simulate the
building's energy consumption accurately. The schedules include the occupancy patterns,
lighting usage, and HVAC set points for each zone. EQUEST allows users to input different

occupancy and use schedules for each thermal zone. Occupancy is defined as the number of people
in a space at any given time. It is one of the key factors that determines the energy consumption of a
building.

Occupancy for the project:

 Office areas – 200 No. of person
 Rest of the area – 2 No. of person

3.7 - Equipment
eQUEST allows users to specify the efficiency of each piece of equipment. This information is
used to calculate the energy consumption of the equipment.
Equipment for the project:
 Basement areas – 0.20 Watt per sq. Feet
 All 8 floors – 0.30 Watt per sq. Feet

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 Figure 3.9 - Schedules of Lighting for Weekdays

Figure 3.11 - Schedules of Equipment for Weekdays

Figure 3.10 - Schedules of Lighting for Weekends

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Figure 3.13 - Schedules of Lift for Weekly

Figure 3.14 - Schedules of Lift for Weekends

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3.8 - Simulate the Building Energy Performance
eQUEST uses the inputs defined in the previous steps to simulate the building's energy
performance. The simulation calculates the hourly energy consumption and energy demand for
the building, as well as the energy use intensity (EUI), and the peak energy demand. The
software also provides reports on the building's CO2 emissions, energy costs, and other metrics.
The simulation results can be used to evaluate the building's energy performance and identify
areas for improvement.

3.9 - Optimize the Building Energy Performance

eQUEST allows the user to optimize the building's energy performance by changing the inputs
such as HVAC system efficiency, lighting control strategy, or building orientation. The
simulation results can be used to evaluate the impact of these changes on the building's energy
consumption and identify the most effective energy-saving strategies.

3.10 - Validate and Verify the Results

The simulation results need to be validated and verified against actual building data to ensure
the accuracy of the energy model. This can be done by comparing the simulation results with the
building's energy bills, utility data, or on-site measurements. The validation and verification
process helps to ensure the accuracy of the energy model and identify any discrepancies.

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Assumption Sheet

Figure 3.15 - Assumption Sheet

Page 27 of 42
 Chapter - 4

Analysis & Results in eQUEST

4.1 - Determination of Study Parameter

For the study, many building characteristics such as design, control, and building operation, as
well as one external parameter (weather condition), were used. Chapter 1 discusses many criteria
that influence building energy performance. A review of the literature on such factors and
controls is given in Chapter 2. These characteristics were discovered to have a substantial
influence on the building's energy performance. The following are the primary parameters to be
investigated:

HVAC system
 Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER)
 The overall efficiency of the drive motor, supply fan, and motor

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Figure 4.1 - Water Side System

  Supply fan static pressure
 Economizer

Building envelope and infiltration

 Roof insulation
 Wall insulation
 Infiltration

Window and door

 U-value
 SHGC
 Overhangs
 Fans

Lighting system
 Lighting power density (LPD)
 Daylight control

Thermostat set point and setback controls

 Cooling set point
 Heating set point
 Temperature setback control

Demand controlled ventilation (DCV)

Demand control ventilation (DCV) is a strategy used in building ventilation systems to optimize
the amount of fresh air supplied to spaces based on actual occupancy levels and indoor air
quality (IAQ) requirements. The goal of DCV is to improve energy efficiency by reducing the
amount of ventilation air supplied when spaces are unoccupied or have lower occupancy levels,
while still maintaining a healthy and comfortable indoor environment.

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Occupancy and plug load
Occupancy and plug load are two important factors that contribute to the energy consumption of
buildings. Understanding and managing these factors are crucial for optimizing energy efficiency
and reducing overall energy usage.

Building orientation
Building orientation plays a crucial role in energy simulation using eQUEST software as it
significantly impacts the energy performance and efficiency of a building. The orientation refers
to the positioning of the building in relation to the cardinal directions (north, south, east, and
west) and the surrounding environment. In eQUEST software, the building orientation input
allows users to specify the direction in which the building faces. This information is essential for
accurately simulating the building's response to solar radiation and natural daylight. By properly
aligning the building with the sun's path, the software can simulate the solar heat gain and
shading effects, which influence the building's cooling and heating loads.

Climatic condition
Climatic conditions refer to the prevailing weather patterns, temperature ranges, humidity levels,
precipitation, and other atmospheric characteristics in a particular region or area. Understanding
the climatic conditions of a location is crucial in various aspects, including building design,
energy efficiency, and occupant comfort.

4.2 - Results in eQUEST

Using eQUEST software, this project looked at how increased building envelope thermal
efficiency affected the annual energy usage of a mid-rise office structure. The main findings are:
 Baseline Case: The annual energy consumption for the baseline case with a U-value of
0.5 Btu/(h⋅ft2⋅°F) served as the reference point for comparison.
 Proposed Case: Reducing the U-value to 0.2 Btu/(h⋅ft2⋅°F) resulted in a 4% decrease in
annual energy consumption compared to the baseline.
 Proposed Case with Insulating Material: Implementing additional insulation to achieve
a U-value of 0.2 Btu/(h⋅ft2⋅°F) yielded a further 6% reduction in annual energy
consumption compared to the baseline.

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These findings show a direct link between enhanced building exterior thermal performance and
lower energy use. The project convincingly demonstrates the potential for large energy savings
achieved via strategic design decisions and the use of building energy modelling technologies.
The table below summarizes the building area breakdown.

Table 4.1 - Conditioned & Unconditioned Areas

Conditioned and Unconditioned Areas

Floor No. Total Area (sqft) Conditioned Area (sqft) Unconditioned Area (sqft)

Basement-1 81600 0 81600

Ground floor 38119 24298.1 13820.9
1st Floor 42321 27776.2 14544.8
2nd Floor 46700 37167.7 9532.3
3rd Floor 46740 37806.2 8933.8
4th Floor 46736 37075.7 9660.3
5th Floor 46728 37071.7 9656.3
6th Floor 42196 32591.5 9604.5
7th Floor 46654 37034.7 9619.3
8th Floor 46654 37034.7 9619.3
Total 484448 307856.5 176591.5

4.3 - Energy Consumption

Energy Consumption: eQUEST calculates the hourly energy consumption for each thermal zone
in the building. The software provides a breakdown of the energy consumption by end-use such
as lighting, HVAC, and plug loads. The energy consumption results can be used to evaluate the
building's energy efficiency and identify areas for improvement.
Energy consumption is a crucial aspect of building performance evaluation, providing insights
into the amount of energy used by a building or facility. It encompasses the total energy
consumed over a specific period, typically measured in kilowatt-hours (kWh) or British thermal
units (BTUs). Energy consumption includes the utilization of different energy sources such as
electricity, natural gas, fuel oil, district heating/cooling, and renewable energy. Tracking energy
consumption is essential for understanding the operational efficiency of a building, identifying
areas of high energy use, and implementing strategies to reduce energy waste and costs. By
monitoring and analyzing energy consumption patterns, building owners and operators can make
Page 31 of 42
 informed decisions about energy management, efficiency improvements, and the integration of
renewable energy sources to minimize environmental impact and achieve sustainability goals.

4.4 - Energy Demand

Energy Demand eQUEST also calculates the hourly energy demand for the building. The energy
demand results can be used to evaluate the building's peak energy demand and identify strategies
to reduce it. Energy demand refers to the amount of power or energy required by a building or
facility to meet its operational needs. It represents the instantaneous or average load that a
building's energy systems must supply. Energy demand is influenced by various factors,
including occupancy patterns, equipment usage, weather conditions, and building activities.
Understanding energy demand is crucial for designing and sizing energy systems to meet the
building's requirements efficiently.
Table 4.2 - Energy Demand

Baseline Case Proposed Case (With

End Use Design Energy Type Proposed Case
Insulating Material)
Interior Lighting Electricity 2180.71 2093.48 2049.86
Space Cooling Electricity 2380.05 2284.39 2237.25
Pumps Electricity 655.43 655.43 655.43
Heat Rejection Electricity 106.28 102.03 99.9
Fans -Interior Electricity 776.07 745.03 729.51
Receptacle
Electricity 1414.11 1414.11 1414.11
Equipment
Elevators &
Electricity 620.06 620.06 620.06
Escalators
Basement Electricity 336 336 336
Total Annual Energy Use (MWH/year) 8468.71 8129.95 7960.58
Annual Process Energy (Rs/year) 42343.5 40649.75 39802.9
Peak demand is the maximum level of energy consumption within a specific period, often
occurring during periods of high occupancy or when multiple energy-intensive activities are
taking place. Identifying peak demand helps determine the capacity needed for energy
infrastructure, such as HVAC systems and electrical distribution, to avoid overloading and
ensure reliable operation.

4.5 - Energy Use Intensity (EUI)

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Energy Use Intensity (EUI) eQUEST calculates the energy use intensity (EUI) for the building.
EUI is a metric that expresses the energy consumed per unit area of the building. The EUI results
can be used to compare the energy performance of the building with other buildings of similar
type and size. Energy Use Intensity is a metric used to assess and compare the energy efficiency
of buildings or facilities. It quantifies the amount of energy consumed per unit of floor area or a
specific building-related metric. EUI is calculated by dividing the total energy consumed within
a given period by the relevant metric, typically expressed in kilowatt-hours (kWh) per square
meter or square foot.

EUI provides a standardized measure that allows for benchmarking and comparison across
different buildings or facilities. It enables stakeholders to evaluate energy performance, identify
areas for improvement, and make informed decisions regarding energy efficiency upgrades or
operational changes. Lower EUI values indicate higher energy efficiency, as they indicate lower
energy consumption relative to the size or function of the building.

4.6 - Energy Costs

Figure 4.2 - Baseline Case

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Energy Costs eQUEST calculates the building's energy costs based on the energy consumption
and the utility rates. The energy cost results can be used to evaluate the building’s operating cost

Page 34 of 42
 stand and identify strategies to reduce them. Energy costs refer to the expenses associated with
the consumption of energy, including electricity, natural gas, and other fuel sources.
Understanding energy costs is crucial for effective energy management and optimizing
operational expenses. Energy costs consist of two primary components: energy usage and utility
rates. The energy usage component is determined by the amount of energy consumed by the

Comparison - Total Annual Energy Consumption

Proposed Case
End Use Design Energy Type Baseline Case Proposed Case
(Fiberglass)
Interior Lighting Electricity 2180.71 2093.48 2049.86

Space Cooling Electricity 2380.05 2284.39 2237.25

Pumps Electricity 655.43 655.43 655.43

Heat Rejection Electricity 106.28 102.03 99.9

Fans -Interior Electricity 776.07 745.03 729.51

Receptacle
Electricity 1414.11 1414.11 1414.11
Equipment
Elevators &
Electricity 620.06 620.06 620.06
Escalators
Basement Electricity 336 336 336

Total Annual Energy Use (MWH/year) 8468.71 8129.95 7960.58

Annual Process Energy (Rs/year) 42343.5 40649.75 39802.9

Saving (%) - 4% 6%
building or facility, measured in units such as kilowatt-hours (kWh) or British thermal units
(BTUs). The utility rates component represents the price per unit of energy, which can vary
based on factors such as location, time of use, and market conditions.

4.7 - Optimization Results

Optimization Results eQUEST allows users to optimize the building's energy performance by
changing the inputs such as HVAC system efficiency, lighting control strategy, or building
orientation. The simulation results can be used to evaluate the impact of these changes on the
building's energy consumption and identify the most effective energy-saving strategies.

Page 35 of 42
 Annual Energy Consumpti on
2500

2000

1500
Energy Consumption

1000

500

0
ng g ps on r t rs t
in io en en
hti ol m cti er m to
Li g Co Pu j e
-In
t ip al
a em
r e Re ns qu sc Ba
s
io ac at E E
ter Sp He Fa cle &
In ta rs
ep a to
e c ev
R El
End uses

Baseline Case Proposed Case Proposed Case (With Insulating Material)

It's important to note that eQUEST doesn't automatically suggest the "optimal" solution. While it
can compare scenarios, finding the true optimal design requires consideration of various factors
beyond just energy consumption, such as:

 Initial cost: Implementing upgrades might involve higher initial costs.

 Life cycle cost: Evaluate the cost of materials, installation, maintenance, and potential
energy savings over a longer period.
 Occupant comfort: Ensure the chosen solution doesn't compromise thermal comfort or
indoor air quality.
 Regulations: Adhere to relevant building codes and energy efficiency standards.

Therefore, while eQUEST provides valuable insights for optimizing energy consumption,
informed decision-making considering various aspects is crucial for selecting the most suitable
solution for your specific project.

4.8 - Insulating Materials

Fiberglass is a common and versatile building insulation material that can be used in various
eQUEST simulations. Here's a detailed breakdown of its characteristics:
Page 36 of 42
Composition:

 Made from fine glass fibres, typically bound with a resin.

 Available in various densities, impacting its thermal resistance and other properties.

Benefits:

 Cost-effective: One of the most affordable insulation materials.

 Readily available: Widely used and easily accessible from building suppliers.
 Good U-value: Provides adequate thermal resistance for various applications.
 Lightweight: Easy to handle and install.
 Fire retardant: Many fiberglass options offer fire resistance properties.

Chapter - 5

CONCLUSIONS

Page 37 of 42
The project successfully demonstrated that improving the building envelope's thermal
performance can significantly reduce energy consumption in office buildings. The findings
highlight the following key points:

 Energy Savings Potential: Even moderate improvements in U-value can lead to

noticeable energy savings.
 Strategic Design Choices: Careful consideration of building envelope materials and
insulation can contribute to a sustainable and energy-efficient building design.
 Building Energy Modelling Tools: Software like eQUEST can be valuable for
evaluating the impact of design decisions on energy performance.

This project underscores the importance of prioritizing energy efficiency in building design. By
adopting sustainable construction practices and utilizing building energy modeling tools,
significant progress can be made towards reducing the environmental impact of the built
environment. The findings from this project can be applied to inform future design decisions for
office buildings and contribute to a more sustainable future.

This project successfully demonstrated the effectiveness of improving building envelope thermal
performance in reducing energy consumption for a mid-rise office building. By simulating
different U-value scenarios in eQUEST software, the project revealed that:

 Enhancing the building envelope's thermal resistance (Proposed Case) resulted in a 4%

annual energy saving compared to the baseline.
 Further improvement by incorporating insulating materials (Proposed Case with
Insulating Material (Fiberglass)) achieved an even greater energy saving of 6%.

These findings emphasize the crucial role of building envelope design in achieving energy
efficiency in buildings. They encourage the implementation of sustainable construction practices
and the utilization of building energy modelling tools like eQUEST to optimize building design
and operation for a reduced environmental impact.

References

Page 38 of 42
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conservation measures in an office building in hot and humid climate.” Building and
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fice_building_in_hot_and_humid_climate
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