ASHA JYOTI VIDYAPEETH
PHYSICS INVESTIGATORY PRJOECT ON
“DEPENDENCE OF ANGLE OF
DEVIATION ON THE ANGLE
OF INCIDENCE THROUGH
DIFFERENT LIQUID FROM
HOLLOW PRISM”
TANISHA DAGAR
GRADE: XII (science)
ROLL NO: 26
(2024-25)
Guided by: DINESH SIR
Certificate
THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT Ms. TANISHA DAGAR OF XII,
HAS SUCCESFULLY COMPLETED THE PHYSICS
INVESTIGATORY PROJECT ON “DEPENDENCE OF ANGLE
OF DEVIATION ON THE ANGLE OF INCIDENCE THROUGH
DIFFERENT LIQUID FROM HOLLOW PRISM” AS
PRESCRIBED BY CBSE FOR ACADEMIC SESSION 2024-25.
SIGNATURE OF SIGNATURE OF SIGNATURE OF
INTERNAL EXAMINER PRINCIPAL EXTERNAL EXAMINER
I am grateful to my physics
teacher Mr. Dinesh Sharma for
the invaluable guidance and
feedback provided throughout
this project. Sir’s vast
knowledge and encouragement
have been instrumental.
I would also like to thank our
principal, for enabling access to
resources that made this
project possible.
I am deeply thankful to my
parents for their constant
support and motivation. This
project would not have been
achievable without them.
Name: Tanisha
INDEX
AIM
MATERIALS REQUIRED
THEORY
PROCEDURE
OBSERVATIONS
CONCLUSION
PHOTOS
BIBLOGRAPHY
AIM OF THE PROJECT
To investigate the dependence of the angle of
deviation on the angle of incidence using hollow
prism filled, one by one, with different transparent
fluids.
MATERIALS REQUIRED
DRAWING BOARD
WHITE SHEETS OF PAPER
HOLLOW PRISM
DRAWING PINS
PENCIL
HALF METER SCALE
THUMP PINS
GRAPH PAPER
PROTECTOR
DIFFERENT LIQUIDS (SOAP WATER, OIL AND WATER
THEORY
Refraction of Light through a Prism
Diagram shows section ABC of a prism taken by vertical
plane, perpendicular to the edge. BC is the base of the
prism and AB and AC are its two refracting surfaces.
~ RQ is the incident ray.
~ QS is the refracted ray.
~ ST is the emergent ray.
~ RQN1 = i = angle of incidence.
~ SQN3 = r1 = angle of refraction inside prism.
~ QSN3 = r2 = angle of incidence inside prism.
~ TSN2 = e = angle of emergence
~ BAC = A = angle of prism
~ SFK = D = angle of deviation
In QFS , KFS = FQS + FSQ
D = (i – r1) + (e – r2)
D = i + e – (r1 + r2)
In QSN3, r1 + r2 + QN3S = 180 degree
From (2) and (3)
A = r1 + r3
Eq. (1) becomes,
D=i+e–A
D=i+e–A
Angle of minimum Deviation
(a) Definition: The minimum value of angle of deviation, is called
angle of minimum deviation. It is represented by the symbol
D m.
(b)Explanation : For some angle of deviation (D) there are two
values of angle of incident. One vale equals ‘i’ and other value
equals ‘e’.
As angle i is increased from a small value , e decreases from a
large value and angle of deviation decreases. When angle of
deviation is minimum (Dm), the i and e become equal. The
refracted ray QS goes parallel to base BC. Since i=e we have r1=r2
Hence, at minimum deviation , when r1= r2= r3 (say)
We have A = r1 + r2 = r + r = 2r
Also, at minimum deviation , D = Dm and i = e
From relation A + D = i + e
We have , A + D = i + I = 2i or
From the Snell’s Law, n = sin i / sin r
We have, n = sin (A + Dm /2)/sin A/2
This relation is useful for determination of n for
prism material.
Ray Diagram
PROCEDURE
1. Fix a white paper on the drawing board with the help of
drawing pins.
2. Draw a straight line XX’ parallel to the length of the paper
nearly in the middle of the paper.
3. Mark point Q1,Q 2, Q3, ……..on the straight line XX’ at suitable
distance of about 5cm.
4. Draw normal N1Q 1,N2Q 2 , N3Q 3 ………………… Q 1, Q 2,Q 3…….as shown in
the figure.
5. Draw straight lines R1Q 1, R2Q 2, R3Q 3………making angles 35 degree,
45 degree, 60 degree…..respectively with the normal.
6. Mark one corner of the prism as A and take it as the edge of
prism for all the observations.
7. Put it prism with its refraction face AB in the line XX’ and point
Q 1 in the middle of AB.
8. Mark the boundary of the prism.
9. Fix two or more office pins P1 and P2 vertically on the line R1Q1. The
distance between the pins should be 10mm or more.
10. Look the image of point P1 and P2 through face AC.
11. Close your left eye and bring open right eye in line with two
images.
12. Fix two office pins P3 and P4 vertically, and 10 cm apart such that
the open right eye sees pins P3 and P4 images of P2 and P1 in one
straight line.
13. Remove pins P3 and P4 and encircle their pricks on the paper.
14. Repeat step 7 to 13 with the point Q2, Q3,…….. for i = 40 degree, ….,
60 degree.
To measure D in different cases
15. Draw straight lines through points P3 and P4 to obtain emergent
rays S1T1,S2 T2, S3T3……….
16. Produce T1S1, T2S2, T3S3,……..inward in the boundary of the prism to
meet produced incident rays R1Q1, R2Q2,R3Q3……. At point F1, F2, F3.
17. Measure angles K1 F1 S1 , K2 F2 S2 , K3 F3 S3, ……….. These give angles of
deviation D1, D2, D3……. .
18. Write values of these angles on the paper.
To Measure A
19. Measure angle BAC in the boundary of the prism . this gives
angle A.
20. Record your Observation as given below.
OBSERVATIONS
[Link] ANGLE OF ANGLE OF ANGLE OF ANGLE OF
DEVIAITION DEVIATION DEVIATION DEVIATION
1 D FOR FOR OIL FOR SOAP
WATER WATER
1. 35 degree 1.361 1.461 1.363
2. 45 degree 1.332 1.461 1.363
3. 60 degree 1.374 1.468 1.351
CONCLUSION
1. The angle of minimum deviation for
a. Water = 24 degree,
b. Oil = 34 degree
c. Soap Water = 25 degree
2. The refractive index of the
a. Water , n = 1.34
b. Oil , n = 1.46
c. Soap Water , n = 1.36
3. Speed of light in
a. Water , v = 2.23 x 10^8 m/s
b. Oil , n = 2.05 x 10^8 m/s
c. Soap Water , v = 2.20 x 10^8 m/s
PHOTOS
BIBLIOGRAPHY
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
Physics lab manual
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