Basic Computer Concepts
1. Q: What is the brain of the computer?
A: CPU (Central Processing Unit)
2. Q: What does RAM stand for?
A: Random Access Memory
3. Q: What does ROM stand for?
A: Read-Only Memory
4. Q: Which device is used for pointing and clicking in a GUI?
A: Mouse
5. Q: Which device is used to input text into a computer?
A: Keyboard
6. Q: What is the permanent storage device in a computer called?
A: Hard Disk Drive (HDD) or Solid-State Drive (SSD)
7. Q: Which software helps the computer run and manage hardware?
A: Operating System (OS)
8. Q: Name a popular operating system by Microsoft.
A: Windows
9. Q: Which operating system is open-source and based on Linux?
A: Ubuntu
10. Q: Which part of the computer performs calculations and logic operations?
A: ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit)
• Programming and Languages
11. Q: Who is known as the father of C programming language?
A: Dennis Ritchie
12. Q: Which language is primarily used for web development?
A: JavaScript
13. Q: Python was created by which programmer?
A: Guido van Rossum
14. Q: Java was developed by which company?
A: Sun Microsystems
15. Q: What is an IDE in programming?
A: Integrated Development Environment
16. Q: Which programming language is used for Android app development?
A: Java / Kotlin
17. Q: What does SQL stand for?
A: Structured Query Language
18. Q: HTML is used for what purpose?
A: Creating web pages (markup language)
19. Q: CSS stands for?
A: Cascading Style Sheets
20. Q: Python is interpreted or compiled?
A: Interpreted
• Networking & Internet
21. Q: What does IP in IP address stand for?
A: Internet Protocol
22. Q: What is the full form of HTTP?
A: HyperText Transfer Protocol
23. Q: HTTPS differs from HTTP in what way?
A: HTTPS is secure (uses SSL/TLS encryption)
24. Q: What does DNS stand for?
A: Domain Name System
25. Q: Which device connects multiple computers in a network?
A: Switch
26. Q: Which device is used to connect a network to the internet?
A: Router / Modem
27. Q: What is a firewall used for?
A: To block unauthorized access to a network
28. Q: What is the maximum length of a MAC address?
A: 48 bits (6 bytes)
29. Q: What does LAN stand for?
A: Local Area Network
30. Q: What does WAN stand for?
A: Wide Area Network
• Data & Databases
31. Q: What is a database?
A: A collection of organized data
32. Q: SQL is used for managing what?
A: Databases
33. Q: What is NoSQL?
A: Non-relational database
34. Q: What is primary key in a database?
A: Unique identifier for a record
35. Q: What is foreign key in a database?
A: A field that links two tables
36. Q: What is Big Data?
A: Extremely large data sets that require advanced tools to process
37. Q: What is data mining?
A: Extracting useful information from large data sets
38. Q: What is cloud computing?
A: Delivering computing services over the internet
39. Q: Name a popular cloud service provider.
A: Amazon Web Services (AWS) / Microsoft Azure / Google Cloud
40. Q: What is the main advantage of cloud storage?
A: Access data from anywhere anytime
• Cybersecurity & AI
41. Q: What is phishing?
A: Fraudulent attempt to get sensitive information
42. Q: What is malware?
A: Malicious software
43. Q: Name two types of malwares.
A: Virus, Trojan, Worm, Spyware
44. Q: What is encryption?
A: Converting data into code for security
45. Q: Who is considered the father of Artificial Intelligence?
A: John McCarthy
46. Q: What is machine learning?
A: Computers learning from data without explicit programming
47. Q: What is deep learning?
A: Neural network-based AI technique
48. Q: What is CAPTCHA used for?
A: To distinguish humans from bots online
49. Q: What is blockchain?
A: Distributed digital ledger technology
50. Q: Bitcoin operates on which technology?
A: Blockchain
• Advanced Computer Concepts
51. Q: What is the smallest unit of data in a computer?
A: Bit
52. Q: How many bits make a byte?
A: 8 bits
53. Q: What is a nibble?
A: 4 bits
54. Q: What is firmware?
A: Permanent software programmed into a hardware device
55. Q: What is cache memory used for?
A: To store frequently accessed data for faster processing
56. Q: Which type of memory is volatile?
A: RAM
57. Q: Which type of memory is non-volatile?
A: ROM / Flash
58. Q: What does GPU stand for?
A: Graphics Processing Unit
59. Q: Who is considered the father of the computer?
A: Charles Babbage
60. Q: What is Moore’s Law?
A: The number of transistors on a microchip doubles roughly every two years
• Programming & Languages
61. Q: What is object-oriented programming (OOP)?
A: Programming based on objects containing data and methods
62. Q: Name the four main principles of OOP.
A: Encapsulation, Abstraction, Inheritance, Polymorphism
63. Q: Which language is considered the mother of all programming languages?
A: Assembly / Fortran
64. Q: What is a compiler?
A: A program that converts source code into machine code
65. Q: What is an interpreter?
A: A program that executes code line by line
66. Q: Which programming language is used for iOS app development?
A: Swift
67. Q: What is a function in programming?
A: A block of code designed to perform a task
68. Q: What is recursion?
A: A function that calls itself
69. Q: What is an algorithm?
A: Step-by-step procedure to solve a problem
70. Q: What is the difference between a stack and a queue?
A: Stack is LIFO; Queue is FIFO
• Networking & Internet
71. Q: What is a proxy server?
A: An intermediary server that separates users from the internet
72. Q: What is a VPN?
A: Virtual Private Network, used for secure internet connections
73. Q: What is HTTP status code 404?
A: Page not found
74. Q: What is HTTP status code 200?
A: OK / Successful request
75. Q: What is ping used for?
A: To check the connectivity between two devices
76. Q: What is IP version 6 (IPv6)?
A: The newest version of Internet Protocol with 128-bit addresses
77. Q: What is MAC address?
A: Media Access Control address; unique identifier for network devices
78. Q: What is the difference between a hub and a switch?
A: Hub broadcasts data; switch sends data to specific devices
79. Q: What is a hotspot?
A: A location providing wireless internet access
80. Q: What is bandwidth?
A: Maximum data transfer rate of a network
• Databases & Data Structures
81. Q: What is a linked list?
A: A linear data structure where elements are connected via pointers
82. Q: What is a stack?
A: LIFO (Last In, First Out) data structure
83. Q: What is a queue?
A: FIFO (First In, First Out) data structure
84. Q: What is a binary tree?
A: Hierarchical data structure with nodes having up to two children
85. Q: What is a hash table?
A: Data structure that maps keys to values using a hash function
86. Q: What is normalization in databases?
A: Process to remove redundancy and ensure data integrity
87. Q: What is indexing in databases?
A: A technique to speed up data retrieval
88. Q: What is a stored procedure?
A: Predefined SQL code stored in a database
89. Q: What is a trigger in SQL?
A: A procedure executed automatically on certain database events
90. Q: What is ACID property in databases?
A: Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability
• Cybersecurity & Emerging Technologies
91. Q: What is ransomware?
A: Malware that locks data and demands payment
92. Q: What is a botnet?
A: Network of infected computers controlled remotely
93. Q: What is steganography?
A: Hiding information within other files
94. Q: What is the main programming language for AI?
A: Python
95. Q: What is the Turing Test?
A: Test to measure machine intelligence
96. Q: Who created the first computer virus?
A: Fred Cohen
97. Q: What is the difference between AI and ML?
A: AI is the concept of machines simulating human intelligence; ML is a subset using data to
learn
98. Q: What is IoT?
A: Internet of Things – interconnection of smart devices
99. Q: What is edge computing?
A: Processing data near the source rather than on cloud servers
100. Q: What is quantum computing?
A: Computing using quantum bits (qubits) for faster processing