VECTOR

AIEEE Syllabus
1. Scalar & vector quantities
2. Kinds of vector
3. Addition & subtraction of vectors
4. Relation between two parallel vectors
5. Collinearity of three points
6. Coplanar and non-coplanar vectors
7. Scalar of dot product of two vectors
8. Vector or cross product of two vectors
9. Scalar triple product
10. Volume of tetrahedron
11. Vector triple product

Total No. of questions in Vector are:

Solved examples……….......………………..…48
Level # 1 …….………………………………. 163
Level # 2 …….……………………………….…40
Level # 3 …….……………………………….…37
Level # 4 ……………………………………..…59

Total No. of questions…..………..347

***
1. Students are advised to solve the questions of exercises (Levels # 1, 2, 3, 4) in the
same sequence or as directed by the faculty members.
2. Level #3 is not for foundation course students, it will be discussed in fresher and
target courses.

Index : Preparing your own list of Important/Difficult Questions

CAREER POINT, CP Tower, Road No.1, IPIA, Kota (Raj.), Ph: 0744-3040000 VECTOR 3
 Instruction to fill

(A) Write down the Question Number you are unable to solve in column A below, by Pen.
(B) After discussing the Questions written in column A with faculties, strike off them in the
manner so that you can see at the time of Revision also, to solve these questions again.
(C) Write down the Question Number you feel are important or good in the column B.

COLUMN :A COLUMN :B
EXERCISE
NO. Questions I am unable
Good/Important questions
to solve in first attempt

Level # 1

Level # 2

Level # 3

Level # 4

Advantages

1. It is advised to the students that they should prepare a question bank for the revision as it is
very difficult to solve all the questions at the time of revision.

2. Using above index you can prepare and maintain the questions for your revision.

CAREER POINT, CP Tower, Road No.1, IPIA, Kota (Raj.), Ph: 0744-3040000 VECTOR 4
 KEY CONCEPTS
= = =
A physical quantity which is completely specified
by its magnitude only is called scalar. It is Note :
represented by a real number along with suitable (i) | |=1
unit.
(ii) Unit vectors parallel to x-axis, y-axis and
For example, Distance, Mass, Length, Time, z-axis are denoted by i, j and k respectively.
Volume, Speed, Area are scalars.
(iii) Two unit vectors may not be equal unless
On the other hand, a physical quantity which has
they have the same direction.
magnitude as well as direction is called a vector.
For example, Displacement, velocity, acceleration, (iii) Equal Vector :
force etc. are vector quantities.
Two vectors and are said to be equal , if

(a) | | = | |
Geometrically a vector is represented by (b) they have the same direction
directed line segment. If for a vector , = , (iv) Collinear vectors or Parallel vectors :
then A is called its initial point and B is called its Vectors which are parallel to the same line are
terminal point. Clearly and represents called collinear vectors or parallel vectors. Such
different line segments vectors have either same direction or opposite
direction. If they have the same direction they are
If = , then its magnitude is expressed by | | said to be like vectors, and if they have opposite
or | | or AB. directions, they are called unlike vectors.

Note : In the diagram and are like vectors whereas

The magnitude of a vector is always non negative and are opposite vectors.
real number.
(v) Coplanar Vectors :
If the directed line segment of some given vectors
lie in a plane then they are called coplanar
(i) Zero or null vector : vectors. It should be noted that two vectors
A vector whose magnitude is zero is called zero having the same initial point are always coplanar
or null vector and it is denoted by 0 or . The but such three or more vectors may not be
coplanar.
initial and terminal points of the directed line
segment representing zero vector are coincident (vi) Position Vectors :
and its direction is arbitrary. The vector which represents the position of
(ii) Unit vector : the point A with respect to a fixed point (called
origin) O is called position vector of the point A.
A vector of unit magnitude is called a unit vector. If (x,y,z) are coordinates of the point A, then
A unit vector in the direction of a is denoted by .
Thus =x +y +z
(vii) Reciprocal vectors :
CAREER POINT, CP Tower, Road No.1, IPIA, Kota (Raj.), Ph: 0744-3040000 VECTOR 5
 A vector which has the same direction as vector a If the vectors are defined in terms of , and .
but whose magnitude is the reciprocal of the i.e. if = a1 + a2 + a3 and
magnitude of a, is called the reciprocal vector of
vector a and is denoted by a–1. = b1 + b2 + b3 then their sum is defined as

Thus if a =  , then + = (a1 + b1) + (a2 + b2) + (a3 + b3)

a–1 = . = =
Vector addition has the following properties.
Note : A unit vector is self reciprocal. (i) Binary Operation : The sum of two vectors
is always a vector.
(ii) Commutativity :
For any two vectors and ,
3.1 Triangle law of addition :
+ = +
If two vectors are represented by two consecutive (iii) Associativity :
sides of a triangle then their sum is represented by For any three vectors , and ,
the third side of the triangle but in opposite
direction. This is known as the triangle law of +( + )=( + )+
addition of vectors. (iv) Identity :
zero vector is the identity for addition For
any vector a
+ = = +
(v) Additive inverse :
For every vector its negative vector –
exists. such that
Thus, if = , = , and = + (– ) = (– ) + =
then + = i.e. + = i.e. (–a) is the additive inverse of the vector .

3.2 Parallelogram Law of Addition : Also if = a1 + a2 + a3

then – = a1 – a2 – a3
If two vectors are represented by two adjacent
sides of a parallelogram, then their sum is (vi) Cancellation Law :
represented by the diagonal of the parallelogram For any three vectors , and
whose initial point is the same as the initial point
of the given vectors. This is known as  =
parallelogram law of addition of vectors.

If and are two vectors, then their subtraction

– is defined as – = + (– )
Thus if = , = , and = where – is the negative of having magnitude
then + = i.e. + = equal to that of and direction opposite to .
Where is a diagonal of the parallelogram If = a1 + a2 + a3
OABC. and = b1 + b2 + b3
3.3 Addition in component form :
then – = ( – ) + (a2 – b2) + (a3 + b3)

CAREER POINT, CP Tower, Road No.1, IPIA, Kota (Raj.), Ph: 0744-3040000 VECTOR 6
Note : =

If is a vector and m is a scalar (i.e. a real

number) then ma is a vector whose magnitude is
(i) –  – m times that of and whose direction is the same
as that of a, if m is positive and opposite to that of
(ii) ( – ) –  –( – ) , if m is negative,
(iii) Since any one side of a triangle is less than
the sum and greater than the difference of the magnitude of m = |m |
other two sides, so for any two vectors and m (magnitude of a) = m| |
, we have
Again if = a1 + a2 + a3 then
| + || |+| |
m = (ma1) + (ma2) + (ma3)
| + || |–| |
Note :
| – || |+| |
(i) The multiplication of a vector by a scalar is
| – || |–| | also named as ‘scalar multiplication’.
(ii) From the definition of Scalar multiplication it
is obvious to note that

||  = m , where m is some suitable

If be any given vector and also suppose that scalar.
the position vectors of initial point A and terminal Properties
point B are a and b respectively,
If , are any two vectors and m, n are any scalar
then = – = – then
i.e. = p.v. of point B – p.v. of point A (i) m( ) = ( ) m = m (commutativity)
= p.v. of terminal point – p.v. of initial point
(ii) m (n ) = n (m ) = (mn) (Associativity)

Let A and B be two given points whose

coordinate are respectively (x1,y1, z1) and (x2, y2, z2)

If and are p.v. of A and B relative to point O,

then

= x1 + y1 + z1 If and are the position vectors of two points

A and B, then the position vector c of a point P
= x2 + y2 + z2
dividing AB in the ratio m : n is given by
Now = – = –
= (x2 – x1) + (y2 – y1) + (z2 – z1) =

Distance between the points and

= magnitude of
CAREER POINT, CP Tower, Road No.1, IPIA, Kota (Raj.), Ph: 0744-3040000 VECTOR 7
 x + y = 0 

Particular Case :
(ii) If = a1 + a2 + a3 and
(i) Position vector of the mid point of AB is = b1 + b2 + b3 then from the property

(ii) Any vector along the internal bisector of of parallel vector, we have ||
AOB is given by
 = =
( + )
Note :
(i) If the point P divides AB in the ratio m: n
externally, then m/n will be negative. If m is
(i) If , , be position vectors of three points
positive and n is negative, then p.v.c of P is
A,B and C respectively and x, y,z be three
given by = scalars so that all are not zero, then the
necessary and sufficient conditions for three
(ii) If , , are position vectors of vertices of a points to be collinear is that
x + y + z = 0 and x + y + z = 0
triangle, then p.v. of its centroid is
(ii) Three points A, B and C are collinear, if any
two vectors , and are parallel
(iii) If a,b,c,d are position vectors of vertices of a i.e. one of them is scalar multiple of any one
tetrahedron, then p.v. of its centroid is of the remaining vectors.

(i) If , , be three coplanar vectors, then a vector c

can be expressed uniquely as linear combination
(i) If and be two parallel vectors, then there of remaining two vectors i.e.
exists a scalar k such that =k = +
Where and  are suitable scalars.
i.e. there exist two non- zero scalar quantities
x and y so that x + y = 0 Again =  +   vectors , and are
coplanar.
If a and b be two non-zero non-parallel
If , , be three coplanar vectors, then there
vectors then x +y = 0 x = 0 and y = 0
exist three non zero scalars x, y, z so that
obviously
x +y +z =0
(ii) If , , be three non coplanar non zero vector
then
x + y + z = 0  x = 0, y = 0, z = 0

CAREER POINT, CP Tower, Road No.1, IPIA, Kota (Raj.), Ph: 0744-3040000 VECTOR 8
(iii) Any vector r can be expressed uniquely as the Geometrically, the scalar product of two vectors is
linear combination of three non coplanar and non- equal to the product of the magnitude of one and
the projection of second in the direction of first
zero vectors , and i.e. r = x + y + z
vector i.e. . = ( cos )
where x, y and z are scalars.
= | | (projection of in the direction of )
Similarly . = ( cos )
Product of two vectors is done by two methods = | | (projection of in the direction of )
when the product of two vectors results in a scalar
quantity then it is called scalar product. It is also Here projection of on =
called as dot product because this product is
represented by putting a dot.
Projection of on =
When the product of two vectors results in a
vector quantity then this product is called
Vector Product. This product is represented by
(x) sign so that it is also called as cross product.
(i) If and are like vectors, then  = 0 so
. =| || |= i.e. scalar product of two
7.1 Definition : like vectors is equal to the product of their
modulii
If and are two non zero vectors and  be the
(ii) If and are unlike vectors then  =  so
angle between them, then their scalar product (or
dot product) is defined as the number a b cos  . = cos  = – .
where a and b are modulii of and respectively (iii) The scalar product of a vector by itself is
equal to the square of its modulus i.e.
and 0 . It is denoted by . . Thus . = | |2
. = | | | | cos  = a b cos  (iv) If and are perpendicular to each other
then = /2, so
. = cos  /2 = 0
i.e. the scalar product of two perpendicular
vectors is always zero.
But its converse may not be true i.e.
. =0 
But if a and b are non zero vectors, then
. =0 
Note :
Thus 0,  0, . = 0,  
(i) .  R
(v) With the help of the above cases, we get the
(ii) .  | || |
following important results:
(iii) . > 0 angle between and is acute (a) . = . = . = 1 (b) . = . . . = 0
. < 0  angle between and is obtuse. (vi) If and are unit vectors, then
(iv) The dot product of zero and non- zero . = cos 
vector is a scalar zero.
7.2 Geometrical Interpretation :

CAREER POINT, CP Tower, Road No.1, IPIA, Kota (Raj.), Ph: 0744-3040000 VECTOR 9
 If , , are any vectors and m, n any scalars =( . ) +( . ) +( . )
then

(i) . = . (Commutativity)
(i) If and be two vectors and  be the angle
(ii) (m ). = . (m ) = m ( . ) between them, then

(iii) (m ). (n ) = (mn) ( . ) cos = = . = .

(iv) .( + ) = . + . (Distributivity) (ii) If = + + and

(v) . = . = = + + then

Infact . = .  .( – )=0 cos =

 = 0 or = or ( – )
Note : If and are perpendicular to each other
(vi) ( . ) . is meaningless then a1 b1 + a2 b2 + a3 b3 = 0

(vi) scalar product is not binary operation.

Note :

(a) ( . ). is not defined

(b) ( + )2 = | |2 + 2 . + | |2

(c) ( – )2 = | |2 – 2 . + | |2

(d) ( + ). ( – ) = | |2 – | |2 = | |2 – | |2
(i) Component along a =
(e) | + | = | | + | |  || = OM = ( b cos )

(f) | + |2 = | |2 + | |2   =

(g) | + | = | – |   = .a

(ii) Component perpendicular to =

= +
= –
Let and be two vectors such that
= – .
= + +

and = + +

Then . = + + If a constant force F acting on a particle displaces

In particular it from point A to B, then
. = | |2 = 1
2
+ 2
2
+ 3
2 work done by the force W = F.
For any vector , (where = )
CAREER POINT, CP Tower, Road No.1, IPIA, Kota (Raj.), Ph: 0744-3040000 VECTOR 10
 (i) The vector product of two parallel vectors is
always zero i.e. if vectors a and b are parallel,
then × =0

In particular × =0

(ii) If and are perpendicular vectors, then

× =| || | =

(iii) If , , be three mutually perpendicular unit

8.1 Definition :
vectors, then
If and be two vectors and
(0 ) be the angle between them, then (a) × = × = × =0
their vector (or cross) product is defined to be a
(b) × = , × = , × =
vector whose magnitude is ab sin  and whose
direction is perpendicular to the plane of and (c) × =– , × =– , × =–
such that , and × form a right handed
system.

 × = | | | | sin  If = + +

= sin  and = + +
Where is a unit vector perpendicular to the plane
and be angle between and , then
of and such that , and form a right
handed system. sin2  =
8.2 Vector product in terms of components :

If = a1 +a2 + a3 and = b1 + b2 + b3 then

× = (a2 b3 – a3b2) + (a3b1 – a1b3)

+ (a1 b2 – a2 b1)
If , , are any vectors and m,n any scalars then

= (i) ×  × (Non- commutativity)

but × =–( × )
8.3 Angle between two vectors :
and | × | = | × |
If  is the angle between and , then
(ii) (m ) × = × (m ) = m ( × )
sin = (iii) (m ) × (n ) = (mn) ( × )

If is the unit vector perpendicular to the plane (iv) ×( × )( × )×

of and , then
(v) × ( + ) = ( × ) + ( × )

= (Distributivity)
(vi) × = × = Infact

CAREER POINT, CP Tower, Road No.1, IPIA, Kota (Raj.), Ph: 0744-3040000 VECTOR 11
 × = ×  ×( – )=0 9.1 Definition :
If , , are three vectors, then their scalar triple
 = 0 or = or || ( – )
product is defined as the dot product of two
vectors and × . It is generally denoted by
. ( × ) or [ ]. It is read as box product of
, , . Similarly other scalar triple products can be
The vector product of the vectors and
defined as
represents a vector whose modulus is equal to the
( × ). , ( × ). .
area of the parallelogram whose two adjacent
sides are represented by and . Therefore Note :

| × | = area of a parallelogram whose adjacent Scalar triple product always results in a scalar
quantity (number).
sides are and .
9.2 Geometrical Interpretation :
Further it should be noted that if , represent The scalar triple product of three vectors is equal
two diagonals of a parallelogram, to the volume of the parallelopiped whose three
coterminous edges are represented by the given
then the area of the parallelogram = | × | vector.

Therefore ( × ). =[ ] = Volume of the

Note : Area of a quadrilateral ABCD
parallelopiped whose coterminous edges are ,
= | × | and

9.3 Formula for scalar Triple Product :

(i) If = a1 + a2m + a3n, = b1 + b2m + b3 n

and = c1 + c2m + c3n, then
(i) Area of triangle ABC = | × |

(ii) If , , are position vectors of vertices of a [ ]= = [mn]

ABC then its

Area = |( × ) + ( × ) + ( × )|
(ii) = + + , = + +
Note :
and = + + , then
Three points with position vectors , , are
collinear if
( × )+( × )+( × )=0 [ ]=

(iii) For any three vectors , and

The moment of the force F acting at a point A
about O is given by (a) [ + + + ]=2[ ]

Moment of F = ×F= ×F (b) [ – – – ]= 0

(c) [ × × × ]=2[ ]2

CAREER POINT, CP Tower, Road No.1, IPIA, Kota (Raj.), Ph: 0744-3040000 VECTOR 12
9.4 Properties of Scalar Triple product
= [ ]
(i) The position of (.) and (×) can be interchanged
i.e. . ( × ) = ( × ) . (ii) If , , , are position vectors of vertices
but ( × ) . = .( × ) A,B,C,D of a tetrahedron ABCD, then

So [ ]=[ ]=[ ]
Therefore if we don’t change the cyclic order
its volume =
of a, b and c then the value of scalar triple
product is not changed by interchanging dot
and cross.
(ii) If the cyclic order of vectors is changed, then
sign of scalar triple product is changed i.e.
. [ × ] = – .( × ) 11.1 Definition :

The vector triple product of three vectors , ,

or [ ]=–[ ]
is defined as the vector product of two vectors
from (i) and (ii) we have
and × . It is denoted by
[ ]=[ ]=[ ]
× ( × ).
=–[ ]=–[ ]=–[ ]
(iii) The scalar triple product of three vectors 11.2 Properties :
when two of them are equal or parallel, is
zero i.e. (i) Expansion formula for vector triple product is
given by
[ ]=[ ]=0
(iv) The scalar triple product of three mutually
perpendicular unit vectors is ±1 Thus .
[ ] = 1, [ ]=–1 (ii) If ,
(v) If two of the three vectors , , are parallel and then
then [ ]=0 =
(vi) , , are three coplanar vectors if [ ]=
0 i.e. the necessary and sufficient condition
for three non-zero collinear vectors to be
coplanar is
Note :
[ ]=0
(i) Vector triple product is a vector quantity.
(vii) For any vectors , , , d (ii) 
[ + d] = [ d] + [ d] (iii) Vector is coplanar with and

(iv) The direction of is

perpendicular to and parallel to and and
(i) If , , are position vectors of vertices A, B
.
and C with respect to O, then volume of
tetrahedron OABC

CAREER POINT, CP Tower, Road No.1, IPIA, Kota (Raj.), Ph: 0744-3040000 VECTOR 13
 SOLVED EXAMPLE
Ex.1 If G is the centroid of triangle ABC then  + + = Ans. [A]
value of + + will be- Ex.2 In a parallelogram ABCD, = , =
(A) (B) 3
then equals-
(C) 3 (D) 3
(A) (B)
Sol. If D is middle point of side BC then-
(C) (D)
A
Sol. According to figure
D C
G

b
B
C
D

A a B
= ( + )
= +
 G divides AD in the ratio of 2 : 1 = + [ = ]
 =2
= [ =– ] Ans.[D]
 – = +

CAREER POINT, CP Tower, Road No.1, IPIA, Kota (Raj.), Ph: 0744-3040000 VECTOR 14
Ex.3 If ABCDEF is a regular hexagon and Ex.6 If the middle points of sides BC, CA & AB of
+ + + + =k , triangle ABC are respectively D, E, F then
then k equals- position vector of centre of triangle DEF,
when position vector of A, B, C are
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 6 (D) 5
respectively
Sol.  = and = ,
, , is-
E D
(A) ( ) (B) ( )

F C
(C) 2 ( ) (D) ( )

Sol. The position vector of points D, E, F are

A B
respectively
so + + + +
= + + + + + , + and +
=( + )+( + )+ So, position vector of centre of DEF
= + + =3
k = 3 Ans.[B] =
Ex.4 If a point P on the side BC of triangle ABC is
such that + = + then ABQC = [ ] Ans.[D]
will be-
(A) Square (B) Rectangle Ex.7 The p.v. of the point A is and the
(C) Parallelogram (D) None of these point P divides any line AB in the ratio 1: 2.
Sol. From figure
If the p.v. of P is , then p.v. of B will
C Q
be-
(A) (B)
P
(C) (D)
Sol. Let the p.v. of B be r
A B

+ =  =

+ =  =
So = then ABQC is a parallelogram.  = Ans.[B]
Ans.[B]
Ex.8 If and are
Ex.5 The length of diagonal AC of a collinear vectors, then-
parallellogram ABCD whose two adjacent (A) p = 4/3, q = – 10/3
sides AB and AD are represented respectively (B) p = 10/3, q = 4/3
by and is- (C) p = – 4/3, q = 10/3
(A) 3 (B) 4 (C) 5 (D) 7 (D) p = 4/3, q = 10/3
Sol.  = + Sol. Given vectors are parallel, so we have
=
= =
 Length of the diagonal =| |
= =7 Ans.[D]  p = 4/3, q = 10/3 Ans.[D]

CAREER POINT, CP Tower, Road No.1, IPIA, Kota (Raj.), Ph: 0744-3040000 VECTOR 15
Ex.9 If + = + , then A, B, C
=– Ans.[A]
are-
(A) coplanar (B) collinear
(C) non-collinear (D) None of these Ex.12 If = , = and =
Sol. + = +  = , then vectors , , are -
 || and a point B is common to both (A) linearly independent
vectors and . Hence A, B, C are (B) collinear
collinear. Ans.[B] (C) linearly dependent
(D) None of these
Ex.10 Let A = (x + 4y) + (2x + y + 1) and Sol. Let x ( ) + y( ) + z( ) =
B = (y – 2x + 2) + (2x – 3y – 1) where
 x( ) + y( )
and are non collinear vectors, if
+ z( )=
3A = 2B; then
 x + y + 2z = 0
(A) x = 1, y = 2 (B) x = 2, y = 1
2x – 3y – z = 0
(C) x = 2, y = – 1 (D) x = – 1, y = 2
– 3x + 2y + 5z = 0
Sol. 3 A = 3(x + 4y) + 3 (2x + y + 1)
Solving these equations, we get x = 0 = y = z
2 B = 2(y – 2x + 2) + 2 (2x – 3y – 1)
 vectors are linearly independent.
 3A = 2B  3(x + 4y) = 2 (y – 2x + 2), Ans.[A]
3 (2x + y + 1) = 2(2x – 3y – 1)
 7x + 10 y = 4 and 2x + 9y = – 5
Ex.13 If = and =
 x = 2, y = – 1 Ans.[C]
are vectors of equal
Ex.11 Let position vectors of points A, B, C and D
magnitude then p is equal to-
are respectively , (A) 0 (B) 1
, and (C) 0 or 1 (D) 2
. If the points are coplanar, Sol. | |= =
then the value of  is- | |=
(A) – (B)  | | = |b|  p2 + 13 = p + 13
 p = 0 or 1 Ans.[C]
(C) 0 (D) None of these
Sol. = Ex.14 If , and
= are position vectors of
& = vertices of a triangle, then it is-
If A, B, C, D are coplanar, then vectors (A) equilateral
, and are coplanar, then (B) isosceles
=x( ) (C) right angled isosceles
(D) None of these
+y
Sol. If given points are A, B, C respectively, then
| | =| |
 – 4x + y = – 1, 3x + 7y = 5
and 3x + (+ 1)y = – 3 = =
Solving first two equations | | =| |

x= ,y= = =
| | =| |
Substituting these values of x and y in third
= =
equation, we get
CAREER POINT, CP Tower, Road No.1, IPIA, Kota (Raj.), Ph: 0744-3040000 VECTOR 16
 Now | |2 = | |2 + | |2 Sol. In the given alternatives no vector is collinear
Hence given points form a right angled with the and . Ans.[D]
triangle. Ans.[D]

Ex.15 A, B, P, Q, R are five points in any plane. If Ex.18 If and , then

forces , , acts on point A and is equal to-
force , , acts on point B then (A) 4 (B) 3
resultant is- (C) 2 (D)
(A) 3 (B) 3
Sol. =
(C) 3 (D) 4
 = = =3
Sol. From figure
Ans.[B]
A P

Ex.19 If A (4, 7, 8) , B = (2, 3, 4) and C = (2, 5,7)

Q are vertices of a triangle ABC, then the length
of bisector of angle A is -
R
B (A) (B)
+ =
+ = (C) (D)
+ =
Sol. If AD is bisector of angle A, then D divides
So( + + )+ ( + + )= 3
BC in the ratio AB : AC
 =
so required resultant = 3 . Ans.[A]

Ex.16 The length of diagonals of parallelogram with

adjacent sides as and But =
are-
and =
(A) , (B) ,
 = 6, =3
(C) , (D) None of these
Sol. Let the given vectors be and , then the  = ( – 3i – 4j – 3k)
diagonals will be represented by and
. So the diagonals are represented by | |= Ans.[B]
and .
Hence their lengths are Ex.20 The vector , directed along the internal
= and
bisector of the angle between the vectors
= , Ans.[C]
and with | |= 5
Ex.17 If two vertices of a triangle are respectively
is-
and , then the third vertex may be-
(A) (B) (A) (B) ( )
(C) (D) All three
(C) ( ) (D) None of these

CAREER POINT, CP Tower, Road No.1, IPIA, Kota (Raj.), Ph: 0744-3040000 VECTOR 17
Sol. Let  =0
and  = or – = or  ( – )
Internal bisector divides the BC in the ratio of  = or = or  ( – )
Ans.[C]
C Ex.23 If moduli of vectors , , are 3, 4 and
|AC|
 5 respectively and , and , and
 c
b are perpendicular to each other, then
• modulus of is -
D |AB|
) (A) 5 (B) 2 (C) 50 (D) 20
A ) Sol.  ( ) + =0
B
a Similarly  ( )  + =0
and ( )  =0
: , = 9, =3  + + =0
= Now
| |2
= | |2 + | |2 + | |2 + 2(
)
= = 9 + 16 + 25 = 50
 | | =5 Ans.[A]

= ±5 Ex. 24 If  be the angle between vectors

and , then
=± ( ) Ans.[A] cos  equals-
(A) 5/7 (B) 6/7
Ex.21 The projection of the vector on (C) 4/7 (D) 1/2
vector is- Sol. cos  = = = 5/7 Ans.[A]
(A) (B)
Ex.25 If | |=| | then angle between a and b
is
(C) (D) (A) 60º (B) 30º
(C) 90º (D) 180º
Sol. Let , and so Sol. |a + b | = | |
projection of on is | |2 =| |2
 | |2 + | |2 + 2 . = | |2 + | |2 – 2 .
=
4 . = 0
 . = 0   Ans.[C]
= = Ans.[C]
Ex. 26 Forces and are acting
Ex.22 If for three vectors , , ; = ; at a particle which is displaced from point
then which of the following is correct- to the point . The
(A) = work done by forces is-
(B) = (A) 30 units (B) 36 units
(C) = or = or  ( – ) (C) 24 units (D) 18 units
(D) ( – ) Sol. Resultant force
Sol. =
CAREER POINT, CP Tower, Road No.1, IPIA, Kota (Raj.), Ph: 0744-3040000 VECTOR 18
 =( )+( ) Sol. Vector and

=
=
Displacement vector
=( )–( )
=
=
 work done by force = . =
= 10 – 6 + 32 = 36 units
Ans.[B]  || = =
Ex.27 For any two vectors and
Ans.[C]
equals-
Ex.30 The unit vector perpendicular to the plane
(A) (B)
passing through points P( ), Q(
) and R( ) is-
(C) (D) None of these
(A) (B) ( )
Sol. = (| | | | sin )2
= | |2| |2 sin2 = | |2| |2(1– cos2 ) (C) ( ) (D) ( )

= | |2| |2 – (| | | |cos )2 Sol. = ( ) – =

= Ans.[A]

Ex.28 If , , are three vectors such that = ( ) – =

= , then-
(A) =
Now × =
(B) =
(C) = =
=
(D) None of these
 = =4
Sol.  =  =–( )
 =  reqd. unit vector =
=
= ( ) Ans.[C]
=
Similarly =
Ex.31 If , , be three non- zero vectors, then
 = = Ans.[C]
|( × ). | = | | | | | |, if -
Ex.29 If is a unit vector which is
(A) . = . = 0
perpendicular to vectors and (B) . = . = 0
then || is equal to- (C) . = . = 0
(D) . = . = . = 0
(A) – (B) Sol. |( × ) . c | = | | | | | |
 |(a × ) | | | cos  = | | | | | |
(C) (D) None of these (where  is the angle between × and )

CAREER POINT, CP Tower, Road No.1, IPIA, Kota (Raj.), Ph: 0744-3040000 VECTOR 19
  | | | | | | sin  cos  = | | | | | |
(where  is the angle between and ) now =
 sin  = 1, cos  = 1
  = 90º,  = 0º =
 . = 0, . = 0, . = 0 Ans.[D]
Area of parallelogram
Ex.32 If . = . and × = × , then correct
= | |
statement is-
(A) || ( – ) (B) ( ) = =5 Ans.[B]
(C) = or = (D) None of these
Sol. . =  =0 Ex.35 If , and
 = or – = or  ( – ) are position vectors of vertices of a triangle,
 = or = or  ( – ) ...(1) then its area is-
Also × = ×  × ( – ) = (A) 26 (B) 13 (C) 2 (D)
 = or – = or || ( – ) Sol. If A, B, C are given vertices, then
 = or = or || ( – ) ...(2) = , =
Observing to (1) and (2) we find that
= or = Ans.[C]  × =( )× =

Ex.33 The components of any vector a along and

perpendicular to a non-zero vector b are-  = =2

(A) , (B) ,  Area of ABC = =

Ans. [D]

(C) , (D) , Ex.36 If A,B,C,D are any four points, then

Sol. Let  be the angle between and , then

equals-
component of along
(A) Area of ABC
= | | cos  = = (B) 2(Area of ABC)
(C) 3(Area of ABC)
and component of perpendicular to (D) 4 (Area of ABC)

= | | sin  = Sol. Let , , and be position vectors of

points A,B,C and D respectively, then
= Ans.[C] × =
= × – × – × + ×
Ex.34 The area of parallelogram whose diagonals
Similarly
are respectively and
×
is-
(A) 5 (B) 5 (C) 2 (D) 3 = × – × – × + ×

Sol. Area of parallelogram = | × |

= × – × – × + ×
where = and = Therefore given expression
CAREER POINT, CP Tower, Road No.1, IPIA, Kota (Raj.), Ph: 0744-3040000 VECTOR 20
 = |2 ( × – × + × )| =
= 2 |( × + × + × )|
=
= 4 (Area of ABC) Ans.[D]

Ex. 37 , , and are the position vectors of =

four coplanar points A, B, C and D =
respectively. If =0 =0 Ans.[D]

= , then for the ABC,D Ex.40 If vectors , and

is- are coplanar, then the value
(A) incentre (B) orthocentre of p is-
(C) circumcentre (D) centroid (A) 2 (B) 6
Sol. =0 (C) – 2 (D) – 6
Sol. , , are coplanar  =0
   
Similarly =0  =0
 
 (10 + p + 3) – (6 – 5 – p) = 0
 D is the orthocentre of ABC.
p = – 6 Ans.[D]
Ans.[B]
Ex.41 If ,
Ex.38 Force , and and are the coterminus
edges of a parallelopiped then its volume is-
are acting at the point P (0, 1, 2). The moment (A) 108 (B) 210
(C) 272 (D) 308
of these forces about the point A (1, –2, 0) is-
Sol. Required volume =
(A) (B)

=
(C) (D) None
of these = | – 3 (– 21 – 15) – 7 (9 + 21)
+ 5 (15 – 49) ]
Sol. If be the resultant force, then = |108 – 210 – 170|
= = 272 Ans.[C]
Ex.42 For any vector , = ×( × )+ ×
Also = =
( × )+ ×( × ) equals-
 required moment = × (A) 2 (B) – 2
(C) (D) –
= = Sol. =( . ) –( . ) +( . ) –( . )
+( . ) –( . )
Ans.[B] = – a1 + – a2 + – a3
[ = a1i + a2 + a3 (say)]
Ex.39 is equal to-
(A) 0 (B) 2 [abc] u=3 – =2 Ans.[A]
(C) [abc] (D) None of these
Sol.

CAREER POINT, CP Tower, Road No.1, IPIA, Kota (Raj.), Ph: 0744-3040000 VECTOR 21
Ex.43 Let , , such that | | = 1, | | = 1 and (A) 0 (B) 1
| | = 2 and if ×( × )+ = then acute (C) – 1 (D) 2
Sol. Since , , are non-coplanar vector
angle between and is -

(A) (B)  =  0

(C) (D) None of these

Sol. If angle between and is  then – Now =0

. = | | | | cos 
= 1.2 cos  = 2 cos
but =
 + =0
 =
 (2 cos) – 1. =–
 [(2 cos ) – ]2
= [– ]2  (abc +1) =0
 4 cos2  | |2 – 2. (2 cos ) .
+ | |2 = | |2  abc + 1 = 0 [  0]
2
 4 cos  – 4 cos  (2 cos ) + 4 = 1  abc = – 1 Ans.[C]
 4 (1 – cos2 ) = 1[ | | = 1, | | = 1]
sin  = 1/2 Ex.46 A unit vector in xy- plane which makes 45º
angle with vector and 60º angle with
= Ans.[C]
vector 3i – 4j will be-
Ex.44 Let = , = & = = (A) (B) ( )/
be three vectors. A vector in the plane of (C) ( )/ (D) None of these
b and c whose projection on a is will
be- Sol. Let the required vector be =
(A) (B)  x2 + y 2 = 1 ...(1)
If given vectors be a and b respectively, then
(C) (D)
as given
Sol. Let the required vector =
 = (1 + t) + (2 + t) – (1 + 2t) cos 45º = x=y=1 ...(2)
Also projection of on =
cos 60º =  6x – 8y = 5 ...
 =
(3)
= = But (1), (2) and (3) do not hold together.
Hence such a vector is not possible.
–t–1=2 Ans.[D]
t=–3
 = Ex.47 If vectors , and
Ans.[C]
(a  b c 1) are coplanar, then
Ex.45 If = 0 and = (1,a,a2),
+ + equals-

= (1, b, b2) and = (1, c, c2) are non- (A) 1 (B) 0

coplanar vectors, then (abc) equals- (C) – 1 (D) None of these

CAREER POINT, CP Tower, Road No.1, IPIA, Kota (Raj.), Ph: 0744-3040000 VECTOR 22
Sol. Since vectors are coplanar,

 = 0 

=0

[Using R2 – R1, R3 – R2]

 a(b – 1) (c – 1) – (1 – a)
{(c – 1) – (1 – b) ] = 0
 a (1 – b) (1 – c) + (1 – a) (1 – c)
+ (1– a) (1– b) = 0
 (a – 1 + 1) (1 – b) (1 – c) + (1 – a)
(1 – c) + (1 – a) (1 – b) = 0
 (1 – b) (1 – c) + (1 – a) (1 – c) +
(1 – a) (1 – b) = (1 – a) (1 – b) (1 – c)

 + + =1 Ans.[A]

Ex.48 Let = and = if

vector is such that = | |, | |=2
and angle between ( × ) and is the
30º then is equal to -

(A) (B) (C) 2 (D) 3

Sol. | |2 = ( ). ( )=
 | |2
+| |2
–2 . =8
 | |2 + (4 + 1 + 4) – 2 . = 8
 | |2 + 9 – 2 | | = 8 [ . = | |]
 | |2 – 2 | | + 1 = 0
| – 1|2 = 0  = 1
|( × ) × | = | × | | | sin 30º

=1× | × |= | × |

But × = =

| × |= =3

| ( × ) × |= Ans.[B]

CAREER POINT, CP Tower, Road No.1, IPIA, Kota (Raj.), Ph: 0744-3040000 VECTOR 23