The Management Process
Friday, 19 September 2025 11:38
Importance of management in modern society
• They ensure that org. functions effectively and contribute to economic/social
progress
• Provide direction, coordinate resources and guide workers to achieve goals
• Management decisions influence society by promoting ethical practices, social
responsibility and environmental sustainability
Management Process
Planning
-setting org. goals and finding the best way to achieve them
-Strategic Plans are made by Top Management
Tactical Plans are made by functional managers to support long-term plans
-Operational plans made by lower management to plan for short term periods
Organising
-once plans have been determined, have to allocate resources to relevant dept.
-tasks, roles and responsibilities have to be defined and policies established to
achieve goals
-match org. structure to its strategies
Leading
-directing HR and motivating them so that their actions are aligned with formulated
goals/plans
-communicate goals throughout the org.
Controlling
-constantly making sure org. is on the right course to attain goals
-identify and rectify deviations
Working with and Managing people is a big part of management and a successful
through others business. You need to be able to manage different types of
people to make sure your goals are achieved.
Achieving Org This is a target you are aiming to achieve. These are used to
goals & measure performance. To see how close or far away they are
Objectives from their goal.
Balancing Effectiveness = Doing things right.
effectiveness & Efficiency = using the required resources to achieve your
efficiency outcome. (reducing and not wasting resources)
Making the most Resources are always limited. Managers need to work within a
of limited certain budget / criteria
resources
Coping with a Successful managers need to anticipate and adjust to up coming
changing changing circumstances. Eg changes in Technology (AI affecting
environment many industry’s)
Levels of Management
Quick Notes Page 1
Areas of Management
→ Financial Function
Responsible for obtaining the necessary finances for org. at lowest
cost. Managing the profitability,liquidity and solvency of org
→ Operations function
Activities concerned with the actual provision of g/s to clients. They
design, direct and control process that transforms inputs into goods
→ HR function
Appointment, development and maintainance of HR, to enable org to
operate at optimal levels
→ Procurement function
Buying materials needed. Ensure right product is available at the
right time, quality, quantity and best price
→ Research and development function
Developing new g/s and improving old g/s
→ Public Relations function
Creating a favourable , objective image of org and establish good
relations with those (in)directly concerned
→ Marketing function
Getting the final customer to buy the g/s. new product developments,
promotion and distribution
Role distribution of managers
• Interpersonal role
□ Figurehead:
social,legal and ceremonial responsibility
Source of inspiration
People look up to you as a person with authority
□ Leader:
Manage the performance and responsibility of
everyone in team
□ Liason:
Must communicate with internal and external
contacts
Quick Notes Page 2
contacts
Network effectively on behalf of org
• Informational role
□ Monitor:
Seek out info related to org, looking for changes
in environment
Monitor teams in terms of productivity and well-
being
□ Disseminator:
Communicate potential useful info to org/team
□ Spokesperson:
Represent and speak for org.
Transmitting info about org and its goals to
persons outside it
• Decision making role
□ Entrepreneur:
Create and control change
Solving problems, generate new ideas and
implement them
□ Distribution handler:
Mediate any disputes/crisises
□ Resource allocator:
Allocate funding, assign staff and other
resources
□ Negotiator:
Take part in, direct important negotiations
Managerial skills
Technical
-ability to apply education, training and experience to effectively organise a task
-ability to resolve issues and team collaboration
-ability to use creativity, originate ideas and correct and develop ways to improve
productivity
Teambuilding
-ability to listen,communicate effectively and develop an effective team
-directing and coaching
-directing means that teams know what is expected of them and gives guidance on
how to do it
-coaching focus on improved performance, solve problems as a team
Drive
-ability to set goals,maintain standards and evaluate performance to achieve
outcomes
-control of details, oversee performance of work in detail
-ability/ willingness to work with team and expect co-operation
-ability to urge others to perform without dominating
How managers can acquire new skills
• Through formal education and practical experience
• On the job training, job rotation and internships, gain hands-on experience in
problem-solving and decision making
• Mentorship and coaching from experienced managers, develop leadership and
interpersonal skills
Required skills to be an effective manager
•
Quick Notes Page 3
•
Quick Notes Page 4