1 COMPLEX NUMBER

EXERCISE - 3 : ADVANCED OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

Objective Questions I [Only one correct option]


 a2  b2  c 2
 d2  e 2
 f2  g 2

 h 2  A2  B 2

3  2i sin  3. The area of the triangle on the complex plane formed by

1. 1  2i sin  will be purely imaginary, if  is equal to the complex numbers z, iz and z + iz is

(a) |z|2 (b) | z |2

 
(a) 2n  (b) n 
3 3 | z |2
(c) (d) none of these
2

(c) n  (d) None of these Ans. (c)
3
Sol. A(z), B(+ iz) and C(z + iz)
Ans. (c)

3  2i sin  1  2i sin 
Sol. z  B(+iz)
1  2i sin  1  2i sin 

3  6i sin   2i sin   4sin 2 


1  4sin 2 

3  4sin 2  8i sin 
z 
1  4sin 2  1  4sin 2  (z + iz)
A(z)
C
 z is purely imaginary

3  4sin 2 
0
1  4sin 2 
 z  iz   z iz iz i
  e
3  
 z  iz   iz z z
 sin 2    sin 2  
4 3

 ei  i   
 2
   n 
3

BCA 
2. If (a + ib) (c + id) (e + if) (g + ih) = A + i B, then 2
(a2 + b2) (c2 + d2) (e2 + f2) (g2 + h2) is equal to
(a) A2 – B2 (b) A2 + B2 1
 area ABC   AC  BC
2
(c) A4 + B4 (d) A4 – B4
Ans. (b) 1 1 2
  iz z  z
2 2
Sol.  a  ib   c  id   e  if   g  ih   A  iB
4. If arg (z1 ) = arg (z2), then
 z1 z2 z3 ...zn  z1 z2 ... zn
(a) z2 = kz1–1 (k > 0) (b) z2 = kz1 (k > 0)
 a  ib c  id e  if g  ih  A  iB (c) | z 2 || z1 | (d) None of these
Ans. (a)
 COMPLEX
2 NUMBER 2
COMPLEX NUMBER

7. If  (0,  the principal value of the arg (z) and |z| of
Sol. arg  z1   arg  z2 
1  cos   i sin  
5

  arg  z1   arg  z2  the complex number z  is

 cos   i sin  
3

 arg  z1   arg  z2   0
 5   
(a)  , 32 cos (b) , 32 cos5
 arg  z1 z2   0 2 2 2 2

 4 
 z1 z2  k  k  0  (c)  ,16 cos (d) None of these
2 2
 z2  kz11  k  0  Ans. (a)

5. z and  are two non zero complex number such that

1  cos   i sin  
5

|z| = || and Arg z + Arg  = , then z equals Sol. z

 cos   i sin  
3

(a)  (b) – 
(c)  (d) –
Ans. (b) 5
 2   
Sol. Let | z ||  | r  2 cos  i 2 sin cos 

2 2 2
 
3
i
e
 z  rei and   rei

where      (given)
5
 i 2 
5 
e 
now z  rei  rei      re i .e  i    re  i        
5   
  i  2 
  2 cos    2 cos  e
6. If z is a complex number of unit modulus and argument ,  2  ei 3    2
 1 z 
then arg   is equal to
 1 z  8. If z = rei, then | iiz | is equal to
(a) e–r sin  (b) re–r sin 

(a) – (b)   

r cos 
2 (c) e 2 (d) re–r cos 
(c)  (d) –  Ans. (c)
Ans. (c)
Sol. z  rei
1 z 1 z
Sol.  z iz
1 z 1 1  i 
i iz   e 2 
z
 

 1
 Observe that | z | 1  zz  z  
2
 
 z  rei
 z  e 2
 e 2

1 z
Then the arg of the number is just the argument of z
1 z 
 r  cos   i sin  
 e 2
and that’s  .
 COMPLEX NUMBER 3


 r cos 

 r sin  .i 4
 e 2
.e 2  2 r 2
r
The left inequality gives

 r cos 
e 2
r 2  2r  4  0
The corresponding roots are
9. The minimum value of Z  1  2i  4i  3  Z is

(a) (b) 5 2  20
5 r  1  5
2
(c) 2 13 (d) 15
Thus r  5  1 or r  1  5
Ans. (c)

Sol. | z1  z2 |  | z1 |  | z2 | Implies that r  5  1  As r  0  ...  i 

| z  1  2i |  | 4i  3  z |  | z  1  2i  4i  3  z | Again consider the right inequality

4
 | 6i  4 |  52  2 13 r  2  r 2  2r  4  0
r
10. If |z2 – 1| = |z|2 + 1, then z lies on
The corresponding roots are
(a) a circle (b) the imaginary axis
(c) the real axis (d) an ellipse 2  20
r  1 5
Ans. (b) 2

Sol. |z2 – 1| = |z2 | + |1| Thus 1  5  r  1  5

Using triangle inequality z2 and 1 are collinear & lie on
opposite side of origin. But r > 0, hence r  1  5 ... (ii)

So z2 = -k k  R

  (i) and (ii) gives 5 1  r  5 1

So, the greatest value is 5 1

zi k
12. If z – z + 1 = 0, then z – z–n, where n is a multiple of 3,
2 n

4 is
11. If z   2, then the maximum value of | z | is equal to
z (a) 2 (–1)n (b) 0
(c) (–1)n+1 (d) None of these
(a) 3 1 (b) 5 1
Ans. (b)
(c) 2 (d) 2  2
Ans. (b) 1 1 4
Sol. z2  z  1  0  z2  z  1  0  z 
2
Sol. We have for any two complex numbers  and 
1 i 3
| |  |  |  |   | z  z  ,  2
2

4 4 4 z n  z  n        
n n
Now | z |   z  |z| 2
|z| z |z|
n
  1 n   1
n
 n
4
Let | z | r  0, then r  2
r  n is multiple of 3
n
z n  z  n   1   1
n
0
 4 COMPLEX NUMBER

13. The value of the expression 15. If , , are the cube roots of a negative number p, then
for any three real numbers x, y, z the value of
 1  1   1  1 
2  1  1  2   3  2   2  2  x  y  z
          is
x  y  z
 1  1   1  1 
4  3    3  2   .......  (n  1)  n    n  2  ,
         1 i 3 1  i 3
(a) (b)
2 2
where  is an imaginary cube root of unity, is
(c) (x + y + z) i (d) 
n (n 2  2) n (n 2  2) Ans. (b)
(a) (b)
3 3
1 1 1
Sol. x1  p     p  3 ,   w  p  3 ,   w  p  3
3 2
n (n  1)  4n
2 2
(c) (d) None of these
4
x  y   z
Ans. (c) Now x  y  z 

 1  1   1  1 
Sol. S  2  1    1  2   3  2   2  2   ... n terms. 1 1 1
         x  p  3  y  p  3 w  z  p  3 w2
 1 1 1
 1  1  x  p  3 w  y  p  3 w2  z  p  3
Tr   r  1  r    r  2    r  1 r   2
   
  r  

we know x 3  1   x  1  x    x   2   
 x  yw  zw  w 2 2

xw3  yw4  zw2

Put x   r

r 3
 
 1   r  1  r    r   2 

 x  yw  zw  w 2 2

 w2
So, Tr = r + 1 3
 x  yw  zw  2

n 2  n  1
2
16. The complex number z = 1 + i is rotated through an angle
 Tr   r  1  3

4
n
3
in anticlockwise direction about the origin and
2
1 3
14. Which of the following is a fourth root of i ? stretched by additional 2 units, then the new complex
2 2
number is
 
(a) cis (b) cis (a)  2  2i (b) 2  2i
12 2
(c) 2  2i (d) 2–2i
 
(c) cis (d) cis Ans. (d)
6 3
Ans. (a)


1 3 i
Sol. z i e 3
2 2


1
i  Sol.
z 4  e 12  cis
12
 COMPLEX NUMBER 5

After rotation, z becomes z .

z1
i
 Stretched by additional 2 units, modulus of new z
 2 1
z1
complex number z2  2 2 i
z2
 
 z2  2 2 cos  2 2 sin i
4 4 z1 z
   i   1  i
z2 z2
z2  2  2i
17. The equation |z + 1 – i| = |z – 1 + i| represents a
(a) straight line (b) circle
(c) parabola (d) hyperbola
Ans. (a)

Sol. z  1  i  z 1  i ... (i)

z   i  1 represents distance of z from (i - 1)

z  1  i  represents distance of z from (1 - i)

So, (i) represents perpendicular bisector of (i - 1) and (1 - i)

(-1, 1)

(1, -1) z1
 is purely real
z2

18. If z1 and z2 are two complex numbers satisfying the equation z1z  z2
19. If  K, K > 0 (z1, z2  0), then
z1z  z2
z1  iz 2 z
 1, then 1 is
z1  iz 2 z2 (a) for k  1, locus z is a straight line
(b) for k {1, 0}, z lies on a circle
(a) purely real (b) of unit modulus
(c) for k  0, z represents a point
(c) purely imaginary (d) None of these
(d) for k  1, z lies on the perpendicular bisector of the line
Ans. (a)
z2 z
segment joining and  2 .
z1  iz2 z1 z1
Sol. 1
z1  iz 2
Ans. (b)

z1 z  z2
Sol.  K; K  0
z1 z  z2
 6 COMPLEX NUMBER

(b) an isosceles triangle which is not equilateral

z (c) an isosceles triangle which is not right angled
z 2
z1
 K (d) a right angled triangle
z2
z Ans. (a)
z1
Sol. For equilateral triangle with vertices A(z1), B(z2), C(z3)
for K = 1; locus of z is straight line, for K  {1, 0), z will be
z12  z22  z32  z1 z2  z2 z3  z3 z1
on circle.
20. If the complex numbers z 1 , z 2 , z 3 satisfying for complex numbers. A, B, O

z1  z3 1  i 3 A B
 , then triangle is Given;   1  A2  B 2  AB
z 2  z3 2 B A

(a) an equilateral triangle  A2  B 2  O 2  AB  AO  BO

(b) a right angled triangle 22. Let z1 and z2 be two roots of the equation z2 + az + b = 0, z
(c) a acute angled triangle being complex. Further, assume that the origin, z1 and z2
(d) an obtuse angled isosceles triangle form an equilateral triangle, then

Ans. (a) (a) a2 = 2b (b) a2 = 3b

(c) c2 = ab (d) a2 = b
z1  z3 1  i 3 Ans. (b)
Sol. 
z2  z3 2
Sol. As z1 , z2 are roots of z 2  az  b  0

 z1  z2  a, z1 z2  b
Again 0, z1, z2 are vertices of an equilateral triangle

 02  z12  z2 2  0.z1  0.z2  z1 z2

 z12  z2 2  z1 z2

  z1  z2   3 z1 z2
2

a2 = 3b
z1  z3 1 i 3 23. Let z1, z2 and z3 be three points on |z| = 1. If 1, 2 and 3 be
 the arguments of z 1 , z 2 , z 3 respectively, then
z2  z3 2
cos (1 – 2) + cos (2 – 3) + cos (3 – 1)
 z1  z3  z2  z3  AC  BC 3 3
(a)   (b)  
2 2

z1  z3 i 
Also;  e 3  C 
z 2  z3 3 3
(c)  (d) none of these
2
 ABC is equilateral.
Ans. (a)

21.
A B
 1.
If A and B be two complex numbers satisfying Sol. x  cos  1  2   cos  2  3   cos  3  1 
B A
Then the two points represented by A and B and the  x  cos 1 cos 2  sin 1 sin 2
origin form the vertices of
 cos 2 cos 3  sin 2 sin 3
(a) an equilateral triangle
 7 COMPLEX NUMBER

 cos 3 cos 1  sin 3 sin 1 1 1 1 

T1  
2 1.2 2.3 

 2x  3  sin 2 1  sin 2 2  sin 2 3 
1 1 1 
2  sin 1 sin 2  sin 2 sin 3  sin 3 sin 1  T2  
2  2.3 3.4 


 cos2 1  cos2 2  cos2 3 

1  1 1 
TK    
2  cos 1 cos 2  cos 2 cos 3  cos 3 cos 1  2  K  K  1  K  1  K  2  

 2x  3   sin 1  sin 2  sin 3 

2
1  1 1 
S   
2 1.2  K  1  K  2  
  cos 1  cos 2  cos 3 
2

 2x  3  0 1
lim S 
k  4
3
x 
2 i 1 i
 lim z1 z 2 ... zk  e 4
 
k  2 2
 
24. If z n  cos  i sin for 25. If z is a complex number satisfying |z2 – 1|=4 |z|, then the
n(n  1) (n  2) n(n  1) (n  2)
minimum value of |z| is
n=1, 2, 3, ....., k, then thevalueof Lk 
im (z z .....z ) is
1 2 k
(a) 2 5  4 (b) 2 5  4

1 i 1 3 (c) 5 2 (d) None of these

(a)  (b)   i
2 2 2 2
Ans. (c)

1 3 1 i 1
(c)   i (d)  z 2  1  4 | z | z  4
2 2 2 2 Sol.
z
Ans. (d)
1
 z 4
      z
zn  cos    i sin 
Sol.  n  n  1  n  2    n  n  1  n  2  
   
1
  4 | z | 4
i
n  n 1  n  2 
|z|
e

  
 | z |2 4 | z | 1  0 & | z |2  4 | z | 1  0
i i i
lim z1 z2 ....zk  e 1.2.3 . e 2.3.4 . e 3.4.5 ...
    | z |   2  5    0
k 
So, | z | 4 | z | 1  0  | z |  2  5
2

 1 1 1 
i     ... 
e
 As 2  
 1.2.3 2.3.4 3.4.5 
| z | 2 5 50

1 1 1
S    ... and | z |2 4 | z | 1  0
1.2.3 2.3.4 3.4.5

Tr 
1 1 1
  
1  
 | z |  2  5   | z |   2  5   0

r  r  1  r  2  2  r  r  1  r  1  r  2  
 8 COMPLEX NUMBER

28. Let P denotes a complex number z on the Argand’s plane,


 | z |  5  2 As  2  5  0 
 
and Q denotes a complex number 2 | z |2 CiS    
So, Minimum | z | 5  2 4 
where  = amp z. If ‘O’ is the origin, then the OPQ is
26. The area of the triangle whose vertices are i, , , where
(a) isosceles but not right angled
i  1 and ,  are the non-real cube roots of unity,,
(b) right angled but not isosceles
is
(c) right isosceles
3 3 3 3 (d) equilateral
(a) (b)
2 4
Ans. (c)

3  
i   
(c) 0 (d) Sol. Q  z2  2 | z | e  4 
4
Ans. (d)

1 i 3 1 i 3 Q(Z2)
Sol. z1  i, z2   , z3  
2 2 2 2
2|Z|

0 1 1 P(Z)
1 1 3 1   1 1  3 3 
area   1        1  
2 2 2 2   2 2   4 4   |Z|

1 3
  1 O
2 2

1 3 3
  
2 2 4

The roots of  z  1  2  z  1 (where n  3 and is

n n
27.
complex cube root of unity) lie on a
In OPQ, using cosine rule
(a) straight line (b) ellipse
(c) circle (d) rectangular hyperbola
 | z |2 2 | z |2  PQ 2
Ans. (c) cos 
4 2 2 | z |2
If z is a root of  z  1  2  z  1 , then
n n
Sol.
 PQ2 | z |2
n n
 z 1  z 1  PQ | z |
   2   | 2 | 2
 z 1 z 1
So
z 1
  21/ n
z 1

As 21/n  1, so z lies on a circle.

 COMPLEX NUMBER 9

2|Z|
|Z|

O |Z| P

1  iz
29. If z = x + iy and w  , then |w| = 1
zi
 z lies on real axis
implies that in the complex plane
30. If z 1 lies in |z–3| < 4, z 2 on |z–1| + |z +1| = 3 and
(a) z lies on the imaginary axis
A = |z1 –z2|, then
(b) z lies on the real axis
(c) z lies on the unit circle 15 15
(a) 0  A  (b) 0  A 
2 2
(d) None of the above
Ans. (b) 17 17
(c) 0  A  (d) 0  A 
2 2
1  iz
Sol. z  x  iy; w  ; | w | 1 Ans. (d)
z i
Sol. z1 lies in |z - 3| < 4
1   Interior region of circle with centre (z = 3) and radius 4.
i  z
1  iz i
 | w | 1   1 z2 on |z - 1| + |z + 1| = 3
z i z i
 Represents region on ellipse; f1(1, 0), f2(-1, 0), 2a = 3

i  z z1
|i| 1
z i

z i z   i  (–1, 0) (7, 0)
 1  1  | z   i  |  | z  i | 3
z i z i
z2

 two curves intersect

 minimum distance = 0.
For maximum
 10 COMPLEX NUMBER

x2 y 2 2 For S2 : C2  0, 0  , r2  3
Ellipse; 2
 2  1; 2a  3, ae  1  e 
a b 3
C1C2  2, r2  r1  3  2
b2 4 4b2
e2  1  2
  1  r2  r1  C1C2
a 9 9
 No common point in circles
2
4b 5 5 5 32. If | z | = max {| z – 1|, |z + 1|} then
   b2   b 
9 9 4 2
1
(a) | z  z | (b) z  z  1
4 x2 4 y2 2
  1
9 5 (c) | z  z | 1 (d) None of these
Ans. (d)
3 5 9 5
Normal : x sec   y cosec =   1
2 2 4 4 Sol. | z | max  z  1 , z  1 
 passes through (3, 0)

9 2
sec   1  sec   (Not Possible)
2 9

 3 
Z
But normal from   ,0  passes through (3, 0)
 2 

17 |Z+1| |Z-1|
 Max distance = 8.5 =
2

31. The system of equations | z  1  i| 2  , (where i = 1 ) has


| z | 3
-1 1
(a) no solution (b) one solution
(c) two solutions (d) none of these
Ans. (a)

z 1 i  2   x 1   y 1  2  S1

2 2
Sol. |z - 1| > |z + 1| for Re(z) < 0
|z + 1| > |z - 1| for Re(z) > 0
z  3  x 2  y 2  9  S2
| z  1 |; Re( z )  0
So, | z | | z  1|; Re( z )  0


If Re( z )  0  | z | | z  1 |

 x  1
2
 x2  y2   y2

1
x .
2

1
z   iy
For S1 : C1  1,  1 , r1  2 2
 COMPLEX NUMBER 11

1
But Re(z) cannot be . Hence not possible to have
2

1
z  iy
2
Similarly for Re(z) < 0
33. Locus of z, if

 3
 4 , when | z |  | z  2 |
arg[z  (1  i)]   is
  , when | z |  | z  2 |
 4  Locus represents set two Rays as point (1, 1) is not
included in locus.
(a) straight line passing through (2, 0) Objective Questions II [One or more than one correct option]
(b) straight lines passing through (2, 0), (1, 1)
34. If z1 = a + ib and z2 = c + id are complex numbers such
(c) a line segment
that |z1| = |z2| = 1 and Re  z1 z2  = 0, then the pair of
(d) a set of two rays
complex numbers w1 = a + ic and w2 = b + id satisfies
Ans. (d)
(a) |w1| =1 (b) |w2| =1
 3 (c) Re  w1w 2   0 (d) None of the above
 4 ; | z |  | z  2 |
Sol. arg  z  1  i    
Ans. (a,b,c)
  ; | z || z  2 |
 4 Sol. z1 = a + ib, z2 = c + id

 | z1 |2  a 2  b2  1, | z2 |2  c 2  d 2  1
If | z |  | z  2 |  Re  z   1
z1 z2   a  ib   c  id   ac  bd  i  bc  ad 

Now Re  z1 z2   ac  bd  0

a d
Let    (say) ... (i)
b c

 from a 2  b2  1 and c 2  d 2  1

   
b 2 1   2  1, c 2 1   2  1  b 2  c 2 and a 2  d 2

w1 = a + ic, w2 = b + id

If | z |  | z  2 |  Re( z )  1 | w1 | a 2  c 2  a 2  b 2  1, | w2 | 1

w1w2   a  ic   b  id 

Re  w1 w2   ab  cd   b  b  c  c     b 2  c 2   0

(from (i))
 12 COMPLEX NUMBER

35. Let z1 and z2 be complex numbers such that z1  z 2 and (a) 2 z1  z2 | 2 z1 |  | z2 |

| z1 | = | z2 |. If z1 has positive real part and z2 has negative
 | 2 z1  z2 | 2  2
z z
imaginary part, then 1 2 may be
z1  z 2  | 2 z1  z2 | 4

(a) zero (b) real and positive (b) min | z1  z2 | r2  r1  1

(c) real and negative (d) purely imaginary
Ans. (a,d) 1 1
(c) z2  z  | z2 |  | z |
Sol. Given, |z1| = |z2| 1 1

z1  z2 z1  z2 z1 z1  z1 z2  z2 z1  z2 z2 1
Now,  
z1  z2 z1  z2 | z1  z2 |2 So z2  z  3
1

| z1 |2   z2 z1  z1 z2   | z2 |2 37. If a complex number z has modulus 1 and argument

 /3, then z2 + z
| z1  z2 |2
(a) is purely imaginary
z 2 z1  z1 z 2
  | z1 |2 | z 2 |2  (b) has modulus 3
| z1  z 2 |2 
(c) lies on the imaginary axis
As, we know z  z  2i Im  z  (d) none of these
Ans. (a,b,c)
 z2 z1  z1 z2  2i Im  z2 z1 

Sol. | z | 1, arg z 
z1  z2 2iIm  z2 z1  3
 
z1  z2 | z1  z2 |2 
  i
Which is purely imaginary or zero  z  cos  i sin OR z  e 3
3 3
Therefore, (a) and (d) are correct answers.
OR z = - w2
36. Let z1, z2 be two complex numbers represented by points
on the circle |z| = 1 and |z| = 2, respectively, then 1  3i
where w2 
(a) max |2z1+z2| = 4 (b) min |z1–z2| = 1 2
So,
1
(c) z 2  3 (d) None of these z2 + z = w4 + (-w2) = w - w2
z1

Ans. (a,b,c) 1  3i  1  3i 
    i 3
2  2
 

38. If is an imaginary constant such that z2 + z +  = 0

has a real root, then
(a)     1
|Z|=2
(b)     0
Sol. (1, 0) (2, 0)

(c)     1
|Z|=1 (d) the absolute value of the real root is 1
Ans. (a,c,d)
 COMPLEX NUMBER 13

 
2
Sol.  z  z    0 3n  2  1
 
 n 2 1 
Let P be the real root i.e. z = P,   1  2
1 
Let   x  iy
40. If z0, z1 represents points P, Q on the locus |z–1|=1 and
  x  iy  P 2  P  x  iy  0 
the line segment PQ subtends an angle at the points
2
 xP 2  P  x  0 and yP 2  y  0 z = 1, then z1 is equal to

 y  0  P  1 i
(a) 1 + i (z0 –1) (b)
xP + P + x = 0
2 z0  1

1 (c) 1 – i (z0 –1) (d) i (z0 –1)

When P = 1; x + 1 + x = 0  x  
2 Ans. (a,c)

1 A(Z0)
When P = - 1, x - 1 + x = 0 x 
2
B(Z1)
1 1
   iy OR   iy Sol.
2 2 Z(1,0)

1 1
  iy OR   iy
2 2

    1 OR  1
39. If 1 is a complex cube root of unity, then sum of the z z 
arg  0 
series S = 1 + 2+ 32 + ... + 3n3n-1 (n N) is  z1  z  2

3n
(a)
 1
2

(b) n   1  z  z1 z  z i   2 
  
 0  0 e
z1  z z1  z
(c) 0 (d) 1
Ans. (a,b)  | z0  z || z1  z |
Sol. 1 + 2x + 3x2 + ... + 3nx3n–1
 z0  z  i  z1  z 
d d  x  x 3n 1 
  x  x 2  ...  x 3n    
dx dx  1  x   z0  1   i  z1  1

 z1  1  i  z0  1

  
(1  x) 1   3n  1 x 3n  x  x3n 1 
41. If A (z1), B (z2) and C (z3) be the vertices of a triangle ABC
1  x 
2

 AB
Put x = , get in which ABC  and  2, then the value of z2
4 BC
1 + 2+ 32 + ... + 3n 3n–1 is equal to
1    1  3n  1      3n (a) z3 + i (z1 + z3)
 
1   
2
1    (b) z3 – i (z1 – z3)
(c) z3 + i (z1 – z3)
(d) None of these
 14 COMPLEX NUMBER

Ans. (b,c) (b) affix of E is –z2z3/z1

(c) if z12 = z2z3 and z22 = z3z1, then ABC is equilateral
A(z1) (d) if z2 + z3 = 0, then ABC is a right angled.
Ans. (a,b,c,d)

A(Z1)
Sol.
/4
Sol. B |Z|=1
B(Z2) C(Z3)
(Z2)

AB z z C(Z3)
 2 1 2 E
BC z 2  z3

 z1  z2  z3
z1  z2 z z i (a) Centroid (G) =
 1 2 e4 3
z3  z2 z 2  z3
Circum - centre is the origin O represents the orthocenter (z)
  
 2  cos  i sin 
 4 4 O(z) G C(O)

 1 i  z1  z2  z3 2  o  1  z
 2    
 2 2 3 2 1

 z  z1  z2  z3
z1  z2
  1 i
z3  z2

 z1 – z2 = (1 + i) (z3) – z2 (1 + i)
 z2 (1 +i – 1) = z3 (1 + i) – z1

z3 1 i   z1
 z2 
i
(b)
 z2    z3i 1 i   z1i 

 z2  z1i  z3  i 1

 z3  i  z1  z3 


Similarly, (c) when angle is taken as  . z3
e
i   2C 
 ei .e  
i 2C
4
z
42. Suppose A(z1), B(z2) and C(z3) are vertices of a triangle
 i 2C 
lying on the unit circle |z| = 1. AD is altitude of the ABC  e
meeting the unit circle in E.
(a) orthocentre of ABC is z1 + z2 + z3
 COMPLEX NUMBER 15

Take conjugate of eq. (1)

z
 ei 2C ... (1)
z3  a0 z 4  a1 z 3  a2 z 2  a3 z  a4  0 ... (2)

Similarly z1 , z2 , z3 , z4 are also root

z2 (1) – (2)
e 
i 2C

z1 ... (2)
    
a0 z 4  z 4  a1 z 3  z 3  a2 z 2  z 2  a3  z  z   0 
from (1) and (2)

z z  
  z  z  a 0 z 2  z 2  z  z   a z 1
2
 z 2  zz 
 2
z3 z
 a 2  z  z   a 3   0
z 2 z3
z  z  z, Hence z1 is equal to atleast one of
z1
z1 , z2 , z3 , z4
(c) z  z2 z3
1
2
Numerical Value Type Questions
z1 z3
  6 6
z2 z1  1 i 3   1 i 3 
 1  i 3    1  i 3 
44. The value of  is
   
 ei1  ei 2 (Using Rotation Theorem)
Ans. (2)
So angle formed at O (circumcentre) by AB and AC are equal.
6 6
Similarly, from z2 2  z3 z1 means that angle formed at O by  1  3i   1  3i 
Sol. x      
BC and AC are equal.  1  3i   1  3i 
Hence, triangle is equilateral.
6 6
(d) z2 + z3 = 0  1  3i   1  3i 
   
From (a) part z2 + z2 + z3 is orthocentre  2   2 
z1 is orthocentre  1  3i   1  3i 
 2   2 
A is orthocentre
Triangle has a right angle at A.
6
43. If z1, z2, z3, z4 are roots of the equation   w2    w 6
    2 
 w
a0z4 + a1z3 + a2z2 + a3z + a4 = 0,    w 
where a0, a1, a2, a3 and a4 are real, then
 1  3i 2 1  3i 
(a) z1 , z2 , z3 , z4 are also roots of the equation  w  ,w  
 2 2 
(b) z1 is equal to at least one of z1 , z2 , z3 , z4
1 1
(c)  z1 ,  z2 ,  z3 ,  z4 are also roots of the equation So, x  w6  6
 1  2
w 1
(d) None of the above
45. If z2 + z + 1 = 0, where z is a complex number, then the value
Ans. (a,b)
2 2 2 2
   2
1  1  1  1
of  z     z  2    z  3   ...   z  6  is
3 6
4 3 2
Sol. Let a0 z  a1 z  a2 z  a3 z  a4  0 ... (1)  z  z  z   z   

has four roots : z1, z2, z3, z4 Ans. (12)

 16 COMPLEX NUMBER

Sol. z 2  z  1  0  z  ,  2 1      
2

 2
;    1
2 2 2 1      
 1  1   1 
  z     z 2  2   ...  z 6  6 
 z  z   z 
 x2  1  x  1

   
2 2
 4   2  2 3  3 48. For a complex number z the minimum value of
| z | + | z – 2 | is

 
 4  1  2 22  4  8  12
2 Ans. (2)

46. Number of common roots of the equations

z 3  2 z 2  2 z  1  0 and z1985  z100  1  0 , z being a
complex number, is
Ans. (2)
Sol. z3 + 2z2 + 2z + 1 = 0 Sol.

(z + 1) (z2 + z + 1) = 0
z = -1, , 2
For x to be minimum z lies on line segment joining z = 0 and
Now, for z = -1, & 2
z = 2.
z1985 + z100 + 1 is equal to
 xmin  2
z = -1
(-1)1985 + (-1)100 + 1 0 49. If a,b,c are three distinct real numbers and 1 is a complex
z= a  b  c  2
()1985 + ()100 + 1 = 2 + + 1 = 0 cube root of unity, then the value of is
a  2  b  c
z = 2
Ans. (1)
  2 1985
    2 100
1     1  0 2
Sol. We have

|a + b+ c2| = |a3 + b+ c2|    1

3
 z = , 2 satisfy both the equations.
47. If and  are different complex numbers with || = l, then = |(a2 + b + c)|
 = || |a2 + b + c|
is
1  
= |a2 + b + c|  |  | 1
Ans. (1)
a  b  c 2
   1
Sol.   1; x a 2  b  c
1  
50. If z lies on the circle centered at origin and if area of the
 
2
      triangle, whose vertices are z, z and z + z, (being an
 x2  
1  
2
1    1    imaginary cube root of unity), is 4 3 sq. units. Then radius
of the circle is
2 Ans. (4)
      
 x2  Sol. Area of the triangle
1       
 COMPLEX NUMBER 17

i
z
Sol. 2z  i 2 2 m
m
5z  1 5 1
z
5

i
z
 2  5m
1 2
z
5

 Above equation represents a straigth line;

i
z
2  1  5m
1 2
z
5

2
m  0.4
5
1 2
 .| z |.| z | sin  4 3
2 3 53. If a point z1 is the reflection of a point z2 through the line
bz  bz  c, b  0, in the Argand plane, then bz 2  bz1 is
 | z |2  16
equal to kc, then value of k is
|z| = 4
Ans. (1)
51. If 1, x1, x2, x3 are the roots of x4 - 1 = 0 and is an imaginary
cube root of unity, then the value of

 2
 x1   2
 x2   2
 x3 
is
  x1   x2    x3 
Sol.
Ans. (1)
Sol. We have x4 - 1 = (x - 1) (x - x1) (x - x2) (x - x3)

 2

 x1  2  x2  2  x3  
Thus, For any point (z) on line |z - z1| = |z - z2|
  x1   x2    x3 
 z  z1
2
 z  z2
2
  
  z  z1  z  z1   z  z 2  z  z 2 

 2

 1   x1   x2   x3
2
 2
 2

  1  1  x1   x2    x3  2
  zz1  z1 z  z1  zz2  z 2 z  z 2
2

   z  z2  z1   z  z 2  z1   z 2  z1
4 2 2
1  1 1 2 1
2

  1
 1 4 1  1  1
By comparing with bz  bz  c
2z  i 2 2
52. If z C, then  m, m R represents a straight line b  z 2  z1 , z 2  z1  c
5z  1
if 10 m = bz 2  bz1   z2  z1  z 2   z 2  z1  z1
Ans. (4)
 18 COMPLEX NUMBER

2 2 2 (a) A (b) B
 z2 z 2  z1 z 2  z 2 z1  z1  z 2  z1  c (c) C (d) D
54. Number of complex numbers z such that |z| = 1 and Ans. (a)

z z
  1 is Sol. z | z | ei
z z
z
Ans. (8)  1   cos   1  i sin 
|z|
z z
Sol. z  1 and  1
z z z
1   cos   12  sin 2 
|z|
z z
  1  z 2  z 2  zz
z z  1  1  2 cos 

 z2  z 2  1 
 2 2sin 2
2
Let z  x  iy;  | z | 1  x  y  1 ...  i 
2 2


 2 sin
z z
2 2
 x  y  2ixy  x  y  2ixy  1
2 2 2 2
2

1 1 | arg z ||  |
 x2  y2   x2  y2   ... ii
2 2
A
1
Solving x 2  y 2  1 & x 2  y 2  
2 l
D
1 1 3 C
 x2   x   and y  
4 2 2 P

1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3
So,  i,   i,  i,   i
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
Arc length  AP   1 
1
Similarly, 4 numbers on solving x2 + y2 =1 and x  y 
2 2
. 
2 AD  1sin
2
ASSERTION REASON

(A) If ASSERTION is true, REASON is true, REASON is a  AP  2 sin
2
correct explanation for ASSERTION.
(B) If ASSERTION is true, REASON is true, REASON is not 
a correct explanation for ASSERTION. Chord AD = 2 sin
2
(C) If ASSERTION is true, REASON is false.
arc  AP   
(D) If ASSERTION is false, REASON is true.
Chord (AP) < arc (AP)
55. Assertion : If z is a complex number (z  1), then

z z
 1  | arg z | Hence  1  arz  z 
|z| |z|

Reason : In a unit radius circle chord (AP)  arc (AP)

 COMPLEX NUMBER 19

The correct matching is

1 3
56. Assertion : If |z| 2, then the least value of z  is . (a) A–S; B–Q,R; C–Q,P; D–P
2 2
(b) A–Q; B–P; C–Q,P; D–S
Reason : |z1 + z2| |z1| + |z2|
(c) A–P; B–Q; C–R; D–S
(a) A (b) B
(c) C (d) D (d) A–S; B–Q; C–R; D–P

Ans. (b) Ans. (a)

Sol. | z |  2
2
 
Sol. For (a) Re z  Re  z  z 
Observe that Let z = x + iy

|z|
1 1
 z | z|
1  
 Re x 2  y 2  2 xyi  Re  x  iy  x  iy 
|z| z |z|
 x2  y2  2x
1 1 1
2  z   2 Which represents a Rectangular hyperbola as
2 z 2
x2 – 2x – y2 = 0
3 1 5 OR
 z 
2 2 2 (x – 1)2 – y2 = 1

Match the Following (b) | z  z1 |  | z  z2 | 

Each question has two columns. Four options are given  | z1  z2 |

representing matching of elements from Column-I and
Column-II. Only one of these four options corresponds If   | z1  z2 | z represents an ellipse
to a correct [Link] each question, choose the option
and if  | z1  z2 |  z represents a line segment.
corresponding to the correct matching.

57. Match the following 2z  i z i / 2 m

(c)  m 
Column I Column II z 1 z 1 2
(A) Locus of the point z (P) A circle which represents a straight line if m = 2 and which represents a
satisfying the equation circle if m  2, m  R +
Re (z2) = Re (z  z) (d) Let z = x + iy, | z | 25
(B) Locus of the point z (Q) A straight line
 x 2  y 2  25
satisfying the equation
|z–z1| + |z–z2|=, R+ Now
and   |z1 – z2| 1  75 z  h  ik  Let 
(C) Locus of the point z (R) An ellipse
h + ik = -1 + 75x - 75 iy
satisfying the equation
 h  75 x  1, k  75 y
2z  i
 m, where i  1 , mR+
z 1   h  1  75 x, k  75 y

(D) If | z |  25, then the points (S) A rectangular 2


  h  1  k 2  752 x 2  y 2 
representing the complex hyperbola
  h  1  k 2   75    25 
2 2
number 1  75 z will be on
 20 COMPLEX NUMBER

which represents a circle. 2

i
58. Match the equation on the left with the curve they Sol. we 7

represent on the right

  w  w2  w 4
Column 1 Column 2
(A) |z - 3| + |z - i| = 10 (P) circle   w3  w5  w6

2z  3 i
2
(B) 2 (Q) hyperbola we 7
 w 7  e i 2  1
z i
   w  w2  w 4   w3  w5  w6 
(C) z  z  5
2 2
(R) straight line

z6  w4  w6  w7  w5  w7  w8  w7  w9  w10
(D) 3 (S) ellipse
z  2i  w4  w6  1  w5  1  w  1  w2  w3
The correct matching is
 1  w  w2  w3  w4  w5  w6  2
(a) A-S; B-R; C-P; D-Q
(b) A-S; B-P; C-Q; D-P  2  1  w  ...  w6  0 
(c) A-S; B-R; C-R; D-P 60. and are roots of the equations :
(d) A-S; B-R; C-Q; D-P (a) x2 + x + 1 = 0 (b) x2 + x + 2 = 0
Ans. (d) (c) x2 + 3x + 5 = 0 (d) None of these
Sol. From standard equations (a) and (d) are ellipse and circle Ans. (b)
respectively.
Sol.     w  w2  w4  w3  w5  w6
z 3/ 2
(b) can be written as 1
z i  w  w2  w3  w4  w5  w6

z lies on the perpendicular bisector of the line segment = -1

joining 3/2 and i. And   2
(c) Let z = x + iy
Required equation: x 2   1 x  2  0  x 2  x  2  0
Thus, z  z  5
2 2

61. 2equals :
2 (x2 - y2) = 5
 x2 - y2 = 5/2 (a) 1  7 i (b) 1  7 i
Thus, z lies on a hyperbola. (c) 1 + 7i (d) 1 – 7i
Using the following passage, solve Q.59 to Q.62 Ans. (a)

Passage – 1  2   2   4 
Sol.   cos    i sin    cos  
 7   7   7 
 2   2 
Let w = cos    i sin   and  = w + w2 + w4 and
 7   7   4   8   8 
i sin    cos    i sin  
= w + w + w .
3 5 6  7   7   7 
59. equals : 2 4 8
i i i
(a) –1 (b) 0 e 7 e 7 e 7

(c) 1 (d) 2
2 4 8
Ans. (d) Im    sin  sin  sin
7 7 7

2 4 
 sin  sin  sin
7 7 7
 COMPLEX NUMBER 21

 Img    0  z 2 z1 | z1 | | z 2 | (cos   i sin )

 Re (z 2 z1 ) | z1 | | z 2 | cos  ... (i)

 2    2  0
and Im (z 2 z1 ) | z1 | | z 2 | sin  ... (ii)
1  1  8 1  i 7
   The dot product of z1 and z2 is defined by z1 . z2 = |z1| |z2|
2 2
cos = Re (z 2 z1 ) [from (i)] and cross product of z1 and z2
6
62. w k2
equals : is defined z1 × z2 = |z1| |z2| sin = Im (z 2 z1 ) [from Eq. (ii)]
k 0

63. If z1 = 2 + 5i, z2 = 3 – i, then the value of (z1 .z 2  z 2  z1 )

(a) i (b) 7i
is equal to
(c) –i (d)  7 i (a) 2 (b) 3

Ans. (b) (c) 2 3 (d) 3 2

6 Ans. (d)
w k2 2 2 2 2 2
Sol.  w0  w1  w2  w3  ....  w6
k 0 Sol. z1  2  5i  | z1 | 4  25  29

 1  w  w4  w9  w16  w25  w36 z2  3  i | z2 | 10

 1  w  w4  w 2  w2  w4  w  w7  1 Now

For z1.z2  z2  z1  P  Let 


 1  2 w  w2  w4 
draw z1 and z2 in complex plane
 1  2
Using the following passage, solve Q.63 to Q.65

Passage – 2

Let z1 = a1 + ib1  (a1, b1) and z2 = a2 + ib2  (a2, b2); where

i  1, be two complex numbers.

z1 | z1 | i
 e
z2 | z 2 |

2  5i 29 i
  e
3i 10

 ei 
 2  5i   3  i   10
If POQ = , From Rotation theorem
10 29
z 2  0 | z 2 | i z z |z |
 e  2 1  2 e i 1  17i
z1  0 | z 1 | z1 z1 | z1 |  ei 
10 29
z 2 z1 | z 2 | i
  e  z 2 z1 | z1 | | z 2 | ei
| z1 |2 | z1 |
 22 COMPLEX NUMBER

1 17 1134 1341
cos   i sin    i (c) (d)
290 290 65 65
Ans. (c)
1 17
 cos   , sin  
290 290
Z1(5+12i)
P  z1.z2  z2  z1  | z1 | | z2 | cos   sin 
Z2(3+4i)

 1 17  Sol.
 29  10   
 290 290 

 18  3 2
64. If z 1 = 3 + 4i and z 2 = 4 + 3i, then the value of Projection of z1 on z2 | z1 | cos 

 3  Projection of z2 on z1 | z2 | cos 
sin        is equal to
 2 
 | z1 | cos  | z2 | cos
1 7
(a)  (b)    | z1 |  | z2 | cos 
7 25

1 z1 z1
And, z  z  cos   i sin  
24
(c)  (d) 
25 25 2 2

Ans. (b)
5  12i 13
   cos   i sin  
z1 z1 i 3  4i 5
Sol. z  z e
2 2
 5  12i   3  4i   13
  cos   i sin  
3  4i 25 5
 cos   i sin 
4  3i
63
On comparing the real parts, cos  

 3  4i   4  3i   cos   i sin  65
25
63
Now, | z1 |  | z2 | cos   13  5  
65
16  9 7
 sin   
25 25
1134

65
3
   
2

7
sin       sin   
25
65. If z1 = 5 + 12i and z2 = 3 + 4i, then (the projection of
z1 on z2 + projection of z2 on z1) is equal to

4131 3411
(a) (b)
65 65