GOOD MORNING
STUDENTS
WELCOME TO SIR DIAZ’s CLASS
GENERATING
PATTERNS
What is a Pattern?
A pattern may be defined as a sequence
that repeats.
Examples of Patterns in Real-life
Mathematical Patterns
Mathematical patterns may be classified
as letters, numbers, and even shapes.
What is a Sequence?
A SEQUENCE is a series of numbers that follows
a repetitive sequence/pattern. Each number,
letter, or symbol in a sequence is called TERM.
Example: 5 terms
5, 15, 25, 35, 45
1st term 3rd term 5th term
2nd term 4th term
What is a Sequence?
In Mathematics, sequence is a function
whose domain is a finite set or infinite set.
Finite set {𝟏, 𝟐, 𝟑, … , 𝒏}
Infinite set {𝟏, 𝟐, 𝟑, … }
First Example
Identify the next letter in the given
sequence below.
A, D, G, J, M
___
B E H K
C F I L
Second Example
Supply the missing letter in the given
sequence below
Y, T, O, J, E
___
U V PQ K L F G
WX R S MN H I
Third Example
Let us search for the pattern.
F, H, K, O, T
___
G I J L M P Q
N R S
Let us search for the pattern.
3, 7, 19
11, 15, ___
+4 +4 +4 +4
Let us search for the pattern.
34, 16
28, 22, ___
-6 -6 -6
Let us search for the pattern.
5, 40
10, 20, ___
×𝟐 ×𝟐 ×𝟐
Let us search for the pattern.
6
162, 54, 18, ___
÷𝟑 ÷𝟑 ÷𝟑
Let us search for the pattern.
21
1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, ___
+ + + + + +
Activity
M ___,
1. A, D, G, J, ___, P ___
S
2. 1, 3, 5, 7, ___, 11 ___
9 ___, 13
36 ___,
3. 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, ___, 64
49 ___
45 ___,
4. 5, 15, 25, 35, ___, 55 ___
65
15 ___,
5. 1, 3, 6, 10, ___, 28
21 ___
FINDING THE TERMS
OF THE SEQUENCE
GIVEN THE nTH TERM
QUESTION?
How to find the terms of a
sequence is the nth term is
given?
Let’s have the first example.
Find the first 3 terms of the
sequence whose nth term is
given by 𝒂𝒏 = 𝟐𝒏 + 𝟕
Solution:
To find the first 3 terms, substitute 𝒏 = 𝟏, 𝟐, 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝟑
to 𝒂𝒏 = 𝟐𝒏 + 𝟕
𝐼𝑓 𝑛 = 1, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝒂𝟏 = 𝟐 𝟏 + 𝟕
𝒂𝟏 = 𝟐 + 𝟕
𝒂𝟏 = 𝟗
Solution:
To find the first 3 terms, substitute 𝒏 = 𝟏, 𝟐, 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝟑
to 𝒂𝒏 = 𝟐𝒏 + 𝟕
𝐼𝑓 𝑛 = 2, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝒂𝟐 = 𝟐 𝟐 + 𝟕
𝒂𝟐 = 𝟒 + 𝟕
𝒂𝟐 = 𝟏𝟏
Solution:
To find the first 3 terms, substitute 𝒏 = 𝟏, 𝟐, 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝟑
to 𝒂𝒏 = 𝟐𝒏 + 𝟕
𝐼𝑓 𝑛 = 3, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝒂𝟑 = 𝟐 𝟑 + 𝟕
𝒂𝟑 = 𝟔 + 𝟕
𝒂𝟑 = 𝟏𝟑
Conclusion:
Therefore, the first 3
terms of 𝒂𝒏 = 𝟐𝒏 + 𝟕 are
9, 11, and 13.
Second Example
Find the first 5 terms of the
sequence whose nth term is
given by 𝒂𝒏 = 𝟒𝒏 − 𝟑
Solution:
To find the first 5 terms, substitute 𝒏 = 𝟏, 𝟐, 𝟑, 𝟒, 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝟓
to 𝒂𝒏 = 𝟒𝒏 − 𝟑
𝐼𝑓 𝑛 = 1, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝒂𝟏 = 𝟒 𝟏 − 𝟑
𝒂𝟏 = 𝟒 − 𝟑
𝒂𝟏 = 𝟏
Solution:
To find the first 5 terms, substitute 𝒏 = 𝟏, 𝟐, 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝟑
to 𝒂𝒏 = 𝟒𝒏 − 𝟑
𝐼𝑓 𝑛 = 2, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝒂𝟐 = 𝟒 𝟐 − 𝟑
𝒂𝟐 = 𝟖 − 𝟑
𝒂𝟐 = 𝟓
Solution:
To find the first 5 terms, substitute 𝒏 = 𝟏, 𝟐, 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝟑
to 𝒂𝒏 = 𝟒𝒏 − 𝟑
𝐼𝑓 𝑛 = 3, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝒂𝟑 = 𝟒 𝟑 − 𝟑
𝒂𝟑 = 𝟏𝟐 − 𝟑
𝒂𝟑 = 𝟗
Solution:
To find the first 5 terms, substitute 𝒏 = 𝟏, 𝟐, 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝟑
to 𝒂𝒏 = 𝟒𝒏 − 𝟑
𝐼𝑓 𝑛 = 4, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝒂𝟒 = 𝟒 𝟒 − 𝟑
𝒂𝟒 = 𝟏𝟔 − 𝟑
𝒂𝟒 = 𝟏𝟑
Solution:
To find the first 5 terms, substitute 𝒏 = 𝟏, 𝟐, 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝟑
to 𝒂𝒏 = 𝟒𝒏 − 𝟑
𝐼𝑓 𝑛 = 5, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝒂𝟓 = 𝟒 𝟓 − 𝟑
𝒂𝟓 = 𝟐𝟎 − 𝟑
𝒂𝟓 = 𝟏𝟕
Conclusion:
Therefore, the first 5
terms of 𝒂𝒏 = 𝟒𝒏 − 𝟑 are
1, 5, 9, 13, and 17.
Third Example
Find the first 4 terms of the
sequence whose nth term is
given by 𝒂𝒏 = −𝟑𝒏 + 𝟐
Solution: 𝒂𝒏 = −𝟑𝒏 + 𝟐
𝐼𝑓 𝑛 = 1, 𝐼𝑓 𝑛 = 2,
𝒂𝟏 = −𝟑 𝟏 + 𝟐 𝒂𝟐 = −𝟑 𝟐 + 𝟐
𝒂𝟏 = −𝟑 + 𝟐 𝒂𝟐 = −𝟔 + 𝟐
𝒂𝟏 = −𝟏 𝒂𝟐 = −𝟒
Solution: 𝒂𝒏 = −𝟑𝒏 + 𝟐
𝐼𝑓 𝑛 = 3, 𝐼𝑓 𝑛 = 4,
𝒂𝟑 = −𝟑 𝟑 + 𝟐 𝒂𝟒 = −𝟑 𝟒 + 𝟐
𝒂𝟑 = −𝟗 + 𝟐 𝒂𝟒 = −𝟏𝟐 + 𝟐
𝒂𝟑 = −𝟕 𝒂𝟒 = −𝟏𝟎
Conclusion:
Therefore, the first 5
terms of 𝒂𝒏 = −𝟑𝒏 + 𝟐
are -1, -4, -7, and -10.
Fourth Example
Find the first 3 terms of the
sequence whose nth term is
given by 𝒂𝒏 = 𝟒 𝒏
Solution: 𝒂𝒏 = 𝟒𝒏
𝐼𝑓 𝑛 = 1, 𝐼𝑓 𝑛 = 2, 𝐼𝑓 𝑛 = 3,
𝟏 𝟐 𝟑
𝒂𝟏 = 𝟒 𝒂𝟐 = 𝟒 𝒂𝟑 = 𝟒
𝒂𝟏 = 𝟒 𝒂𝟐 = (𝟒)(𝟒) 𝒂𝟑 = (𝟒)(𝟒)(𝟒)
𝒂𝟐 = 𝟏𝟔 𝒂𝟑 = 𝟔𝟒
Conclusion:
Therefore, the first 5
terms of 𝒂𝒏 = 𝟒 are 4,
𝒏
16, and 64.
Activity
Find the first 5 terms of the given sequence whose
nth term is given by the rule:
1) 12 − 4𝑛 2) 6𝑛 + 5
𝟖, 𝟒, 𝟎, −𝟒, −𝟖, 𝟏𝟏,𝟏𝟕, 𝟐𝟑, 𝟐𝟗,𝟑𝟓,
Activity
Find the first 5 terms of the given sequence whose
nth term is given by the rule:
1) 4𝑛 − 3 2) 10 − 5𝑛
𝟏, 𝟓, 𝟗, 𝟏𝟑, 𝟏𝟕 𝟓, 𝟎, −𝟓, −𝟏𝟎, −𝟏𝟓
FINDING THE nTH TERM
GIVEN THE TERMS OF
THE SEQUENCE
QUESTION?
What about if the terms of
the sequence are given,
how do we find its nth
term?
Let’s have the first example.
Find the nth term of the
sequence whose terms are
𝟓, 𝟖, 𝟏𝟏, 𝟏𝟒, …
First step: Look for a pattern,
5, 8, 11, 14,
+3 +3 +3
Second step: Write 𝑎𝑛 = 3𝑛 and substitute 𝑛 = 1
If 𝒏 = 𝟏, then 𝒂𝟏 = 𝟑 𝟏 = 𝟑
What is the first term again? 𝟓
What must be added to 3 to get 5 (1st term)? 𝟐
What is the nth term of the given sequence?
𝒂𝒏 = 𝟑𝐧 + 𝟐
Third step: Substitute other values of n to
𝒂𝒏 = 𝟑𝒏 + 𝟐
If 𝒏 = 𝟐, then 𝒂𝟐 = 𝟑 𝟐 + 𝟐 = 𝟖
If 𝒏 = 𝟑, then 𝒂𝟑 = 𝟑 𝟑 + 𝟐 = 𝟏𝟏
If 𝒏 = 𝟒, then 𝒂𝟒 = 𝟑 𝟒 + 𝟐 = 𝟏𝟒
Second example.
Find the nth term of the
sequence whose terms are
𝟏, 𝟖, 𝟏𝟓, 𝟐𝟐, …
First step: Look for a pattern,
1, 8, 15, 22,
+7 +7 +7
Second step: Write 𝑎𝑛 = 7𝑛 and substitute 𝑛 = 1
If 𝒏 = 𝟏, then 𝒂𝟏 = 𝟕 𝟏 = 𝟕
What is the first term again? 𝟏
What must be added to 7 to get 1 (1st term)? −𝟔
What is the nth term of the given sequence?
𝒂𝒏 = 𝟕𝐧 − 𝟔
Third step: Substitute other values of n to
𝒂𝒏 = 𝟕𝒏 − 𝟔
If 𝒏 = 𝟐, then 𝒂𝟐 = 𝟕 𝟐 − 𝟔 = 𝟖
If 𝒏 = 𝟑, then 𝒂𝟑 = 𝟕 𝟑 − 𝟔 = 𝟏𝟓
If 𝒏 = 𝟒, then 𝒂𝟒 = 𝟕 𝟒 − 𝟔 = 𝟐𝟐
Third example.
Find the nth term of the
sequence whose terms are
𝟓, 𝟏, −𝟑, −𝟕, …
First step: Look for a pattern,
5, 1, -3, -7
+ (-4) + (-4) + (-4)
Second step: Write 𝑎𝑛 = −4𝑛 and substitute 𝑛 = 1
If 𝒏 = 𝟏, then 𝒂𝟏 = −𝟒 𝟏 = −𝟒
What is the first term again? 𝟓
What must be added to -4 to get 5 (1st term)? 𝟗
What is the nth term of the given sequence?
𝒂𝒏 = −𝟒𝐧 + 𝟗
Third step: Substitute other values of n to
𝒂𝒏 = −𝟒𝒏 + 𝟗
If 𝒏 = 𝟐, then 𝒂𝟐 = −𝟒 𝟐 + 𝟗 = 𝟏
If 𝒏 = 𝟑, then 𝒂𝟑 = −𝟒 𝟑 + 𝟗 = −𝟑
If 𝒏 = 𝟒, then 𝒂𝟒 = −𝟒 𝟒 + 𝟗 = −𝟕
Fourth example.
Find the nth term of the
sequence whose terms are
𝟔, 𝟑𝟔, 𝟐𝟏𝟔, 𝟏𝟐𝟗𝟔 …
First step: Look for a pattern,
6, 36, 216, 1296
×𝟔 ×𝟔 ×𝟔
Second step: Write 𝑎𝑛 = 6𝑛 and substitute 𝑛 = 1
If 𝒏 = 𝟏, then 𝒂𝟏 = 𝟔 𝟏 = 𝟔
What is the first term again? 𝟔
What is the nth term of the given sequence?
𝐧
𝒂𝒏 = 𝟔
Third step: Substitute other values of n to
𝒏
𝒂𝒏 = 𝟔
If 𝒏 = 𝟐, then 𝒂𝟐 = 𝟔𝟐 = 𝟑𝟔
If 𝒏 = 𝟑, then 𝒂𝟑 = 𝟔 = 𝟐𝟏𝟔
𝟑
If 𝒏 = 𝟒, then 𝒂𝟒 = 𝟔𝟒 = 𝟏𝟐𝟗𝟔
Fifth example.
Find the nth term of the
sequence whose terms are
𝟔, 𝟏𝟗, 𝟑𝟖, 𝟔𝟑, 𝟗𝟒
First step: Look for a pattern,
6, 19, 38, 63, 94
+𝟏𝟑 +𝟏𝟗 +𝟐𝟓 +𝟑𝟏
first difference
First step: Look for a pattern,
13, 19, 25, 31
+𝟔 +𝟔 +𝟔 𝟑𝒏 𝟐
The coefficient of 𝑛2 will be half of the second difference
Second step: Subtract sequence by 3𝑛 2
6 19 38 63 94
-
𝟑𝒏 𝟐
3 12 27 48 75
𝟑 𝟕 𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟓 𝟏𝟗
Third step: Write 𝑎𝑛 = −4𝑛 and substitute 𝑛 = 1
3 7 11 15 19
+𝟒 +𝟒 +𝟒 +𝟒
𝟐
𝟑𝒏 +𝟒𝒏 −𝟏
TRY IT OUT
Find the nth term of the sequence whose terms are:
4, 7, 14, 25, 40
𝟐
𝟐𝒏 − 𝟑𝒏 + 𝟓
TRY IT OUT
Find the nth term of the sequence whose terms are:
3, 11, 23, 39, 59
𝟐
𝟐𝒏 + 𝟐𝒏 − 𝟏
THANK YOU FOR
LISTENING!