TKIL Industries Pvt. Ltd.

(formerly known as thyssenkrupp Industries India Pvt. Ltd.)

Document No. : [Link]-176

Revision No. : 2

PROCEDURE FOR RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION OF WELDS

Issued for Boiler Projects as per IBR 1950

Record of Revisions

Revision Date Prepared by Checked & Change Description

Approved by
0 08.10.2020 R. S. Maitre R. C. Korhale First issue

1 28.02.2024 I. K. Manthale R. C. Korhale Para 5.1 – revised for system of identification

Para 6.1 – revised for more clarity
Para 9.1 – revised for more clarity
Para 10.2 – new clause added for Ug limit
Table 12.1 – “over’ replaced by greater sign
Para 13.2 – revised for clarity
2 01.08.2024 R. S. Sangale R. C. Korhale Company name changed.
List of approved brands updated.

RT Level III NDE Level III

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Date: 01.08.2024

1.0 SCOPE
1.1 This procedure describes the requirement and application of Radiographic testing
techniques for detection and evaluation of weld discontinuities.
1.2 This procedure is applicable to longitudinal and circumferential full penetration butt welds
having thickness from 1.5 mm to 125 mm in pipe or plate with weld configurations single /
double V and single / double J.
1.3 This procedure is in accordance with the requirements of Article 2 of ASME Section V,
Section I, Section B 31.1, Section VIII Div.1 and Section IX and IBR 1950.
1.4 The stage, extent and location of examination shall be specified in the Quality Plan.
2.0 TECHNIQUES
2.1 The following techniques shall be used for the radiographic examination of welds:
2.1.1 Single wall single image (panoramic) as per exposure arrangements ‘A’, ‘B’ and ‘C’ shown in
Annex – I.
2.1.2 Single wall single image (unidirectional) as per exposure arrangement D shown in Annex – I.
2.1.3 Double wall single image for pipe welds greater than O.D 89 mm as per exposure
arrangements ‘E’ and ‘F’ shown in Annex – I.
2.1.4 Double wall double image for pipe welds less than or equal to O.D 89 mm as per exposure
arrangement ‘G’ shown in Annex – I.
2.1.5 Double wall double image superimposed as per exposure arrangement ‘H’ shown in Annex-
I.
2.3 Whenever practical, single wall single image technique shall be used.
3.0 SURFACE PREPARATION
3.1 Surfaces shall satisfy the requirement of the applicable materials specification or referencing
code section , with additional conditioning, if necessary , by any suitable process to such a
degree that the images of surface irregularities cannot mask or be confused with the image
of any discontinuity on the resulting radiograph.
3.2 The weld ripples or weld surface irregularities on both the inside (where accessible) and
outside shall be removed by any suitable process to such a degree that the images of surface
irregularities cannot mask or be confused with the image of any discontinuity on the
resulting radiograph.
3.3 The finished surface of all butt-welded joints may be flush with the base material or may
have reasonably uniform crowns, with reinforcement not to exceed that specified in the
referencing Code Section.
4.0 SYSTEM OF IDENTIFICATION
4.1 The following identification marks shall appear on each radiograph as radiographic images:
a) Manufacturer’s symbol or name
b) NDE subcontractor’s name or symbol

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c) Date of radiography
d) Job number/component
e) Weld seam number/Part numbers
f) Spot number
g) Repair designation where applicable
4.2 After every repair, the radiograph shall bear a letter ‘R’ along with identification number. A
segment, which is repaired for the first time, shall contain the letter ‘R1’ along with the other
identification details. A segment, which is repaired two times, shall contain the letter ‘R2’
and so on.
4.3 Identification marks shall not obscure the area of interest in radiographs.
5.0 LOCATION MARKERS (As per Annex - II)
Location markers (As per Annex-II), which shall appear as radiographic images on the
radiograph shall be placed on the part, not on the exposure holder/cassette. Their location
shall be permanently marked on the surface of the part being radiographed when permitted
or on a map, in a manner permitting the area of interest on a radiograph to be accurately
traceable to its location on the part, for the required retention period of the radiograph
Evidence shall also be provided on the radiograph that the required coverage of the region
being examined has been obtained. Location markers shall be placed as follows.
The placement of location markers for different techniques shall be as follows:
5.1 Single Wall Viewing
5.1.1 Source Side Markers:
Location Markers shall be placed on the source side when radiographing the following:
a) Flat components or longitudinal joints in cylindrical or conical components.
b) Curved or spherical components whose concave side is toward the source and when the
source to material distance is less than the inside radius of the component.
c) Curved or spherical components whose convex side is towards the source.
5.1.2 Film Side Markers:
Location Markers shall be placed on the film side when radiographing the following:
a) A curved or spherical component whose concave side is towards the source and the
source to material distance is greater than the inside radius of the component.
b) As an alternative to source side placement (5.1.1 a), location marker may be placed on
the film side when the radiograph shows coverage beyond the location markers to the
extent demonstrated by Annex-II, sketch (e).
5.1.3 Either Side Markers:
Location markers may be placed on either the source side or film side when radiographing
either curved or spherical components whose concave side is toward the source and the
source-to-material distance is equal to the inside radius of the component.

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5.2 Double- Wall Viewing:

For double-wall viewing, at least one location marker shall be placed adjacent to the weld
(or on the material in the area of interest) for each radiograph.
5.3 Mapping the Placement of Location Markers:
When inaccessibility or other limitations prevent the placement of markers as stipulated in
Para 5.1 or 5.2, a dimensional map of the actual marker placement shall accompany the
radiographs to show that full coverage has been obtained.
6.0 RADIATION ENERGY (SOURCE)
6.1 Wherever applicable, Gamma radiation source (Iridium 192 / Cobalt 60) shall be used for
any of the techniques provided density and Image Quality Indicator (IQI) requirements of
this procedure are achieved.
6.2 In case where the required sensitivity cannot be achieved for lower thickness by gamma
radiation, X-ray radiation of maximum 200 kV shall be used.
Nominal Part Thk mm Steel Maximum Kv
Up to 6.4 Incl 140
Over 6.4 through 12.7 180
Over 12.7 through 19 200
7.0 FILMS
7.1 Approved Industrial Radiographic films are as indicated in the following table:
Sr. N0. Film Brand Designation
1 CARESTREAM MX 125, T 200, AA 400
2 LASER D4, D5, D7
3 AGFA D2, D4, D5, D7
8.0 SCREENS
Lead intensifying screens shall be used for exposures, the front and back screens shall be
0.1 mm thickness minimum.
9.0 BACK SCATTER RADIATION
9.1 A lead symbol “B” with minimum dimensions of 7/16 in. (11 mm) in height and 1/16 in.
(1.5 mm) in thickness, shall be attached to the back of each film holder during each
exposure to determine if backscatter radiation is exposing the film. The lead symbol “B”
shall be placed in a location so that it would appear within an area on the radiograph that
meets the requirements of Para 13.0.
9.2 If a light image of the ‘B’ as described in 9.1 appears on a darker background of the
radiograph, protection from backscatter is insufficient and the radiograph shall be
considered unacceptable. A dark image of the ‘B’ on a lighter background shall not be
cause for rejection.

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10.0 GEOMETRIC UNSHARPNESS

10.1 GEOMETRIC UNSHARPNESS DETERMINATION
Geometric unsharpness of the radiograph shall be determined in accordance with
Ug = Fd / D where,
Ug = Geometric unsharpness
F = Source size: the maximum projected dimension of radiating source (or effective
focal spot) in the plane perpendicular to the distance ’D’ from the weld or object
being radiographed.
D = Distance from source of radiation to weld or object being radiograph.
d = Distance from source side of weld or object being radiograph to the film
D & d shall be determined approximate center of the area of interest.
10.2 GEOMETRIC UNSHARPNESS LIMITAIONS:
Recommended maximum values for geometric unsharpness are as follows.
Material Ug Maximum
Thickness, in,(mm) Maximum, in.(mm)
Under 2 ( 50 ) 0.020 ( 0.51 )
2 Inch through 3 ( 50 – 75 ) 0.030 ( 0.76 )
Over 3 through 4 ( 75 – 100 ) 0.040 ( 1.02 )
Greater Than 4 ( 100 ) 0.070 ( 1.78 )
Material Thickness is the thickness on which the IQI is based.
For ASME Sec I Jobs – Above requirements are to be used as a guide but not for the
rejection of radiographs unless the geometrical unsharpness exceeds 1.8 mm.
For ASME B 31.1 Jobs – Above requirements are to be used as a guide but not for the
rejection of radiographs unless the geometrical unsharpness exceeds 2.0 mm.
11.0 EXPOSURE TIME :
11.1 The exposure time for Gamma radiation shall be calculated using the following formula or
by use of calculator provided by the manufacturer.
11.2 The exposure time for X ray radiation shall be calculated by using Manufacturer’s exposure
chart / calculator
12.0 IMAGE QUALITY INDICATOR (IQI) SELECTION
12.1 IQIs shall be selected from either the same alloy material group or grade as identified in
SE-1025 for hole type or SE-747 for wire type or from an alloy material group or grade with
less radiation absorption than the material being radiographed. The designated Hole IQI
or essential wire shall be as specified in Table 12.1. All IQIs that are used shall have valid
calibration certificates from IQI manufacturer in accordance with the requirements of SE-
1025 and SE-747 as applicable. The IQIs with valid calibration status shall be entered in
the Calibration Register.
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12.2 A thinner or thicker hole type IQI than the designated IQI may be substituted for any
section thickness listed in Table 12.1, provided an equivalent or better IQI sensitivity as
listed in Table 12.2, is achieved and all other requirements for radiography are met.
Equivalent IQI sensitivity is shown in any row of Table 12.2, which contains the designated
IQI and hole. Better IQI sensitivity is shown in any row of Table 12.2, which is above the
equivalent sensitivity row. If the designated IQI and hole are not represented in the table,
the next thinner IQI row from Table 12.2 may be used to establish equivalent IQI
sensitivity.
a) Welds with reinforcement: The thickness on which the IQI is based is nominal single
wall material thickness plus the weld reinforcement thickness estimated to be present
on both sides of the weld (I.D. and O.D.) The values used for the estimated weld
reinforcement thicknesses shall be representative of the weld conditions and shall not
exceed the maximums permitted by the referencing Code Section. Physical
measurement of the actual weld reinforcements is not required. Backing rings or strips
shall not be considered as part of the thickness in IQI Selection.
b) Welds without reinforcement: The thickness on which IQI is based is nominal single
wall material thickness. Backing rings or strips shall not be considered as part of the
thickness in IQI selection.
c) Actual Values: With regard to (a) and (b) above, when the actual material weld
thickness is measured, IQI selection may be based on these known values.
12.3 Refer Table 12.3 for wire IQI designation, wire diameter and wire identity.
12.4 One IQI shall be used for each radiograph. In case of radiography using panoramic
technique, a minimum of 3 IQIs shall be placed 120° apart.
12.5 Source-Side IQI(s): The IQI (s) shall be placed on the source side of the part examined as
far as possible.
12.6 Film-Side IQI (s) : Where inaccessibility prevents hand placing the IQI(s) on the source side,
IQI(s) shall be placed on the film side in contact with the part being examined . A lead
letter ‘F’ shall be placed adjacent to or on the IQI(s), but shall not mask the essential hole
when hole IQIs are used.
12.7 A shim of material radiographically similar to the weld metal shall be placed between the
part and the IQI, if needed, so that the radiographic density throughout the area of interest
is not more than minus 15% from (lighter than) the radiographic density through the
designated IQI adjacent to the essential hole. The shim dimensions shall exceed the IQI
dimensions such that the outline of at least three sides of the IQI image shall be visible in
the radiograph.
12.8 IQI Placement for Welds :
a) Wire IQIs: Wire type IQIs shall be placed on the weld so that the length of the wires are
transverse to the longitudinal axis of the weld. The IQI identification and, when used,
the lead letter ‘F’, shall not be in the area of interest, except when geometric
configuration makes it impractical

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b) Hole IQIs: Hole type IQIs may be placed adjacent to or on the weld. The identification
number(s) and, when used, the lead letter ‘F’ shall not be in the area of interest, except
when geometric configuration makes it impractical.
13.0 RADIOGRAPHIC DENSITY
13.1 Density limitations:
The transmitted film density through the radiographic image of the body of the designated
hole-type IQI or adjacent to the essential hole or adjacent to the essential wire of a wire-
type IQI and the area of interest shall be 2.0 minimum for single film viewing for
radiographs made with gamma ray source and 1.8 minimum for radiographs made with X-
ray source. For composite viewing of multiple film exposures, each film of the composite
set shall have a minimum density of 1.3. The maximum density shall be 4.0 for either single
or composite viewing. A tolerance of 0.05 in density is allowed for variation between
density readings.
13.2 Density variation:
a) General
If the density of the radiograph anywhere through the area of interest varies by more
than minus 15% or plus 30% from the density through the body of the hole IQI or
adjacent to the designated wire of a wire IQI, within the minimum/maximum
allowable density ranges specified in Para 14.1, then an additional IQI shall be used for
each exceptional area or areas and the radiograph retaken. When calculating the
allowable variation in density, the calculation may be rounded to the nearest 0.1
within the range specified in para 14.1
b) With shims
When shims are used with hole-type IQIs, the plus 30% density restriction of a) above
may be exceeded, and the minimum density requirements of para 14.1 do not apply
for the IQI, provided the requirements of IQI sensitivity in Para 14.1 are met.
14.0 IQI SENSITIVITY
14.1 Required Sensitivity: Radiography shall be performed with a technique of sufficient
sensitivity to display the designated hole-type IQI image and essential hole, or essential
wire of a wire-type IQI. The radiographs shall also display IQI identifying numbers and
letters. If the designated hole-type IQI image and essential hole, or essential wire of a wire
type IQI, do not show on any film in a multiple film technique, but do show in composite
film viewing, interpretation shall be permitted only by composite film viewing.
14.2 For wire type IQIs, the essential wire shall be visible within the area of interest
representing the thickness used for determining the essential wire, inclusive of the
allowable density variations described in Para 13.2.
15.0 CALIBRATION
15.1 Verification of Source Size: The equipment manufacturer’s or supplier’s publication such
as technical manual, decay curves or written statement documenting the actual or
maximum source size or focal spot, shall be acceptable as source size verification.

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15.2 Densitometer calibration and verification:

Densitometer shall be calibrated at least every 3 months and periodically verified as per
Procedure. No QA/RT/01 or equivalent.
16.0 EVALUATION
16.1 Quality of radiographs:
The exposed films shall be processed under controlled conditions of time and temperature
as per the recommendations of the film manufacturer.
All the radiographs shall be free from mechanical, chemical, or other blemishes to the
extent that they do not mask and are not confused with the image of any discontinuity in
the area of interest of the object.
Some of the blemishes are as mentioned below:
a) Fogging
b) Processing defects like streaks, watermarks, or chemical stains
c) Scratches, finger marks, crimps, dirtiness, static marks, or tears
d) False indications due to defective screens
17.0 PERSONNEL CERTIFICATION
17.1 All personnel evaluating radiographs and assessing acceptance/rejection to Code
requirements shall be qualified and certified to minimum Level II in accordance with
written practice [Link]/WP/01 based on Recommended Practice No. SNT-TC-1A or
equivalent.
18.0 FACILITIES FOR VIEWING OF RADIOGRAPHS
18.1 Viewing facilities shall provide subdued background lighting of an intensity that will not
cause reflections, shadows or glare on the radiograph that interferer with interpretation
process. Equipment used to view radiographs for interpretation shall provide a variable
light source sufficient for the essential IQI hole or designated wire to be visible for
specified density range, The viewing conditions shall be such that light from around the
outer edge of the radiograph or coming through low density portions of the radiograph
does not interfere with interpretation.
19.0 ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA
19.1 Unless otherwise specified referencing Code section acceptance criteria as per Annexure
III shall be followed.
20.0 SPOT RADIOGRAPHY
20.1 Minimum length of the spot for spot radiography shall be 150 mm for each 15 meter.
Increment of weld or part thereof unless otherwise specified.
20.2 In case of spot radiography QAC Engineer shall select spot on the weldment
20.3 When a spot, radiographed as required in Para 20.1 and 20.2 above, has been examined
and the radiograph discloses welding which does not comply with the minimum quality
requirements of the applicable Code, two additional spots, each of length 150 mm shall
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be radiographically examined in the same weld increment at locations away from the
original spot. The locations of such additional spot shall be selected by Inspector or QAC
Engineer with prior permission from the Inspecting Authority as para 20.2. If the two
additional spots examined show welding which meets the minimum quality requirements
of the applicable Code, the entire weld increment represented by the three radiographs
shall be treated as acceptable provided the defects disclosed by the first of the three
radiographs are removed and the area repaired by welding. The weld repaired area shall
be radiographically examined and shall meet the minimum quality requirements of the
applicable Code.
20.4 If either of the two additional spots examined as per Para. 20.3 reveals any unacceptable
defect as per applicable Code requirements, the entire increment of weld represented
shall be rejected. The entire rejected weld shall be removed and the joint shall be re-
welded or the entire increment of weld represented shall be completely radiographed and
only defects shall be corrected. The re-welded joint, or the weld repaired areas, shall be
spot radiographically examined at one location in accordance with Para 20.1 and 20.2 and
the applicable Code requirements.
21.0 DOCUMENTATION
The organization shall prepare and document the radiographic technique details in their
format. As a minimum, the following information shall be provided.
i) Identification as required by para-4.0

ii) Dimensional map (if used) of marker placement in accordance with Para 5.3.
iii) Number of radiographs (exposures)
iv) X-ray voltage or isotope type used
v) X-ray machine focal spot size or isotope physical source size ( F )
vi) Base material type and thickness, weld thickness, weld reinforcement thickness as
applicable
vii) Source-to-object distance ( D )
viii) Distance from source side of object to film ( d )
ix) Film manufacturer and their assigned type/designation
x) Number of film in each film holder/cassette
xi) Single- or double-wall exposure
xii) Single- or double-wall viewing
xiii) A listing of each radiograph location
xiv) Evaluation and disposition of the material (s) or weld(s) examined
xv) Identification (Name) of the Manufacturer’s representative who performed the final
acceptance of the radiographs.
xvi) Date of Manufacture’s evalution

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TABLE 12.1

NOMINAL IQI
SINGLE-WALL SOURCE SIDE FILM SIDE
MATERIAL THICKNESS Hole-Type Essential Wire-Type Hole-Type Essential Wire-Type
RANGE, mm Designation Hole Essential Designation Hole Essential
Wire Wire
≤ 6.4, incl. 12 2T 5 10 2T 4
> 6.4 thro’ 9.5 15 2T 6 12 2T 5
> 9.5 thro’ 12.7 17 2T 7 15 2T 6
> 12.7 thro’ 19.0 20 2T 8 17 2T 7
> 19.0 thro’ 25.4 25 2T 9 20 2T 8
> 25.4 thro’ 38.1 30 2T 10 25 2T 9
> 38.1 thro’ 50.8 35 2T 11 30 2T 10
> 50.8 thro’ 63.5 40 2T 12 35 2T 11
> 63.5 thro’ 101.6 50 2T 13 40 2T 12
> 101.6 thro’ 152.4 60 2T 14 50 2T 13

TABLE 12.2 EQUIVALENT HOLE TYPE IQI SENSITIVITY

HOLE TYPE DESIGNATION EQUIVALENT HOLE TYPE DESIGNATION
2T HOLE
1T HOLE 4T HOLE
10 15 5
12 17 7
15 20 10
17 25 12
20 30 15
25 35 17
30 40 20
35 50 25
40 60 30
50 70 35
60 80 40
80 120 60

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Date: 01.08.2024

TABLE 12.2 (A) – Allowable Reinforcements as per ASME Section I

Maximum Reinforcement mm
Material Nominal Thickness
Category B & C Other Welds
mm
Butt Welds
Upto 3.0 2.5 2.5
Over 3.0 to 5.0 incl. 3.0 2.5
Over 5.0 to 13.0 incl. 4.0 2.5
Over 13.0 to 25.0 incl. 5.0 2.5
Over 25.0 to 50.0 incl. 6.0 3.0
<6mm or 1/8 times the
Over 50.0 to 75.0 incl. 4.0
width of the welds

TABLE 12.2 (B) – Allowable Reinforcements as per ASME Section VIII Div. 1
Maximum Reinforcement mm
Material Nominal Thickness
Category B & C Other Welds
mm
Butt Welds
Less than 2.4 2.4 0.8
2.4 to 4.8 incl. 3.2 1.6
Over 4.8 to 13 incl. 4.0 2.4
Over 13 to 25 incl. 4.8 2.4
Over 25 to 51 incl. 5.0 3.2
Over 51 to 76 incl. 6.0 4.0
Over 76 to 102 incl. 6.0 6.0
Note: The thickness of the weld reinforcement on each face shall not exceed the above.

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TABLE 12.3
WIRE IQI DESIGNATION, WIRE DIAMETER, AND WIRE IDENTITY
SET A SET B
WIRE DIAMETER (mm) WIRE IDENTITY WIRE DIAMETER (mm) WIRE IDENTITY
0.08 1 0.25 6
0.10 2 0.33 7
0.13 3 0.41 8
0.16 4 0.51 9
0.20 5 0.64 10
0.25 6 0.81 11

WIRE IQI DESIGNATION, WIRE DIAMETER, AND WIRE IDENTITY

SET C SET D
WIRE DIAMETER (mm) WIRE IDENTITY WIRE DIAMETER WIRE IDENTITY
(mm)
0.81 11 2.54 16
1.02 12 3.20 17
1.27 13 4.06 18
1.60 14 5.08 19
2.03 15 6.35 20
2.54 16 8.13 21

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 ANNEXURE I
Page : 1 of 4
RADIOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUES
Plate Source-Weld Film Arrangement IQI Location
Exposure Radiograph
Thickness/ Marker
Technique Viewing End View Side View Selection Placement
Pipe OD Placement

12.1
To Source
12.4 Side
Any Single-Wall Single-Wall 12.5
2.1.1 and Either Side
5.1.3
Table - 12.1, Film Side
12.2, & 12.3 12.6

Exposure Arrangement A

12.1
to Source
Any Single-Wall Single-Wall 12.4 Side
2.1.1 12.5
and Film Side
5.1.2
Table - 12.1 Film Side
12.2, & 12.3 12.6

Exposure Arrangement B

PREPARED BY APPROVED BY - NDT LEVEL III

 ANNEXURE I
Page : 2 of 4
RADIOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUES
Plate Source-Weld Film Arrangement IQI Location
Exposure Radiograph
Thickness/ Marker
Technique Viewing End View Side View Selection Placement
Pipe OD Placement

12.1
to Source
Any Single-Wall Single-Wall 12.4 Side
2.1.1 12.5
and Source Side
5.1.1 c)
Table - 12.1 Film Side
12.2, & 12.3 12.6

Exposure Arrangement C

Source

12.1 Source Source

To Side Side
Any Single-Wall Single-Wall SOD 12.4 12.5 5.1.1a
2.1.2
and Film Side
5.1.2 b.
Table - 12.1 Film Side
12.2, & 12.3 12.6 Either
Side
Film 5.1.3
Exposure Arrangement D
OFD

PREPARED BY - APPROVED BY - NDT LEVEL III

 ANNEXURE I
Page : 3 of 4
RADIOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUES
Plate Source-Weld Film Arrangement IQI Location
Exposure Radiograph
Thickness/ Marker
Technique Viewing End View Side View Selection Placement
Pipe OD Placement

Any Double-Wall Single-Wall

2.1.3 12.1
at least 3 to Source
exposures 12.4 Side
120 deg. 12.5
to each and Film Side
other for 5.1.2 a)
complete Table - 12.1 Film Side
coverage 12.2, & 12.3 12.6

Exposure Arrangement E

12.1
Any Double-Wall Single - Wall To Source
2.1.3 at 12.4 Side
least 3 12.5
Exposures and Film Side
120 deg 5.1.2a
to each Table - 12.1 Film Side
other for 12.2, & 12.3 12.6
complete
coverage

Exposure Arrangement F

PREPARED BY - APPROVED BY - NDT LEVEL III

 ANNEXURE I
Page : 4 of 4
RADIOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUES
Plate Source-Weld Film Arrangement IQI Location
Exposure Radiograph
Thickness/ Marker
Technique Viewing End View Side View Selection Placement
Pipe OD Placement

3 ½ In Double-Wall Double-Wall 12.1

(89 mm) 2.1.4 at ( Ellipse ) : To
or least 2 Read Offset 12.4
Less Exposures Source Side &
90 deg. to Film Side and Source Side Either Side
each other Images 12.5 5.2
for Table - 12.1
complete 12.2 & 12.3
coverage

Exposure Arrangement G

3 ½ In Double-Wall Double-Wall : 12.1

(89 mm) 2.1.5 at Read Super To
or least 3 Imposed 12.4
Less Exposures Source Side &
60 deg. or Film Side and Source Side Either Side
120 deg. each Images 12.5 5.2
other for Table - 12.1
complete 12.2, & 12.3
coverage

Exposure Arrangement H

PREPARED BY - APPROVED BY - NDT LEVEL III

 ANNEXURE II
LOCATION MARKER SKETCH
Page : 1 of 1

PREPARED BY - APPROVED BY - NDE LEVEL III

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PROCEDURE FOR RADIOGRAPHIC
Rev. No: 2
EXAMINATION OF WELDS
Date: 01.08.2024

ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA : (Annex-III)

A ) FULL RADIOGRAPHY:
Unless otherwise specified the acceptance standard shall be as per ASME Section VIII Division 1, B
31.1, Section I and IBR 1950 requirements as defined below.
Following types of imperfections are unacceptable :
1) Any indications characterized as a crack or zone of incomplete fusion or penetration
2) Any other elongated indication on radiograph which has a length greater than :
¼ Inch (6 mm) for ‘t’ up to ¾ Inch (19 mm)
⅓ t for ‘t’ from ¾ Inch to 2 ¼ Inch (19 mm to 57 mm)
¾ Inch(19 mm) for ‘t’ over 2 ¼ Inch (57 mm)
Where‘t’ is the thickness of weld excluding any allowable reinforcement. For a butt weld
joining two members having different thickness at the weld,’t’ is the thinner of these two
thicknesses. If full penetration weld includes a fillet weld, the thickness of the throat of the fillet
shall be included in‘t’.
3) Any group of aligned indications that have an aggregate length greater than ‘t’ in a length of
12t, except when the distance between the successive imperfections exceeds 6L where ‘L’ is
the length of the longest imperfection in the group.
4) Rounded indications in excess of that specified by the acceptance standard given in B31.1 Para
136.4.5, Mandatory Appendix 4 of ASME Section VIII Division-1 & Appendix A-250 of Section I.

B) SPOT RADIOGRAPHY:
1) Weld in which indications are characterized as cracks or zones of incomplete fusion or
penetration shall be unacceptable.
2) Welds having indications characterized as slag inclusions or cavities are unacceptable, when the
indication length exceeds ⅔ t, where‘t’ is defined as shown in (A) (2). For all thicknesses,
indications less than ¼ in. (6 mm) are acceptable, and indications greater than ¾ in. (19 mm)
are unacceptable. Multiple aligned indications meeting these acceptance criteria are
acceptable when the sum of their longest dimensions indications does not exceed t within a
length of 6t (or proportionally for radiographs shorter than 6t), and when the longest length L
for each indications is separated by a distance not less than 3L from adjacent indications.
3) Rounded indications are not a factor in the acceptability of welds not required to be fully
radiographed.

C) For welder performance qualifications refer QW-191 of ASME Section IX

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