Name: Grade & Section: Date:

SCIENCE
THE MALE AND FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM: PARTS AND FUNCTIONS
The male reproductive system and the female reproductive system both are needed
for reproduction. Humans, like other organisms, pass some characteristics of
themselves to the next generation. We do this through our genes, the special carriers
of human traits. The human reproductive system includes the male reproductive
system which functions to produce and deposit sperm; and the female reproductive
system which functions to produce egg cells, and to protect and nourish the fetus until
birth.

Direction: Identify the parts of reproductive system being described in each

sentence.

COWPER’S GLAND SCROTUM SEMINAL VESICLE TESTES

URETHRAOVARY VIGINA CERVIX OVIDUCT
UTERUS

1. It is also called the bulbourethral gland, is one of the two pea-sized

organs found beneath the prostate gland.
2. Saclike pouches attached to the vas deferens. It contributes to the
semen production.
3. A pair of pouch like sacs that contains the testes.
4. The glands that produce the sperm cells and male sex hormone called
testosterone.
5. A passageway of both urine from the urinary bladder and semen from
the glands.
6. Produces egg cells as well as the female sex hormones estrogen and
progesterone.
7. Also called the birth canal. It expands to let the baby pass during
normal delivery.
8. This is the neck of the uterus.
9. This is the usual site of fertilization of the egg and sperm cell.
10. Also called the womb, a hollow muscular organ located at the lower
abdomen.

Directions: Match the reproductive organ with its function:

Organs Functions
Ovaries _____ 1. Site of sperm production
B. Testes _____ 2. Transports eggs from the ovaries to the
uterus
C. Uterus _____ 3. Houses and nurtures the developing fetus
D. Fallopian Tubes _____4. Site of egg production and release of
hormones

“How does human life begin?”

REPRODUCTION IN HUMAN

The human reproductive system includes the male reproductive system which
functions to produce and deposit sperm; and the female reproductive system which
functions to produce egg cells, and to protect and nourish the fetus until birth.

Storytelling:
Fatima's Journey to Meeting Zaynab

Once upon a time, inside a quiet and warm place called the womb, there was a
tiny fertilized egg, no bigger than a dot. This dot was the beginning of a little girl
named Fatima. Fatima was very special because she was about to start an incredible
journey of growth. In the great river of life, unlike the fish who lay their eggs in the
water, humans like Fatima grow inside their mothers, safe and sound. Fatima, who
was just a fertilized egg, found the perfect spot in her mother's womb, a soft and
nourishing place called the uterus. Within just three weeks, Fatima was no longer just
a dot; she became what we call an embryo. It was the very first stage of becoming a
person. She was tiny and hardly looked like a baby at all, but all the magic had
already started.

As days turned into weeks, something amazing happened. Eight weeks after she
started her journey, Fatima had transformed! She wasn't just an embryo anymore; she
became a fetus. Now, she had the tiny beginnings of arms and legs, and she was
beginning to look more like a little human, a tiny version of you and me. Fatima grew
and grew, and after about 24 weeks, she started to move.

Her muscles and bones were getting stronger every day. If you could have
seen her, you would have said she was practicing to run and hug. Then, at around 36
weeks, Fatima was almost ready to meet the world. Her hair was curly and soft, and
her tiny fingernails were just like tiny seashells. She was preparing for her grand
entrance. Finally, after about 37 to 40 weeks of waiting, it was time. Fatima had
become Zaynab, a beautiful newborn baby with bright eyes, ready for her first
breath of air. With a little help, she left the cozy womb and was cradled in the loving
arms of her mother. Nearby, her big brother Hussein looked on with wide, excited
eyes. He had a new sister, and he couldn't wait to teach her about the world. And so,
Fatima's journey, which started with just a little dot, had brought a new life into the
world, and her family named her Zaynab. They all lived happily, learning and growing
together each day.
Directions: Complete each sentence with the correct month of pregnancy (1st–9th
month).
1. The baby bump becomes more visible at the ___ month.
2. During the ___ month, the baby bump is not yet visible.
3. By the ___ month, the mother’s belly is at its largest as she nears delivery.
4. At the ___ month, the belly is slightly more noticeable but still small.
5. The baby bump grows even larger at the ___ month.
6. By the ___ month, the belly looks bigger and more rounded.
7. By the ___ month, a small change in the belly starts to show.
8. At the ___ month, the pregnancy is halfway through the second trimester.
9. By the ___ month, the belly is clearly rounder.

Directions: Answer the following questions.

1. What are the major organs in male and female reproductive system?

2. How does human life begin in the mother’s womb?

3. What are the stages of human development from conception to birth? Illustrate the
sequence by using an arrow head to show direction of one stage from the other.

Direction: Draw and label the male and female reproductive system.
Directions: Sort the following reproductive system parts into the correct table. Write
your answers in the proper column.

ANGIOSPERM AND GYMNOSPERM

Plants are classified into two major groups based on how they produce their seeds:
angiosperms and gymnosperms. Both are seed-producing plants, but they have
different structures, reproductive processes, and appearances.

A. Angiosperms (Flowering Plants) are plants that produce seeds enclosed

inside a fruit. They are the most diverse group of plants and include trees,
shrubs, herbs, and grasses.

Characteristics of Angiosperms:

1. Seeds inside fruits – Their seeds are enclosed in a fruit formed from the ovary
of a flower.
2. Presence of flowers – They reproduce through flowers, which are the
reproductive structures.
3. Broad leaves – Most angiosperms have flat, broad leaves for photosynthesis.
4. Double fertilization – A unique process where one sperm cell fertilizes the egg,
and another forms the endosperm for seed nutrition.
5. Variety of plant types – Includes fruit-bearing trees, vegetables, grains, and
ornamental plants.
Examples: Mango, Rose, Rice, Sunflower, Apple

B. Gymnosperms (Non-flowering Plants) are plants that produce naked

seeds, meaning
the seeds are not enclosed in fruits. They usually have cones instead of
flowers.
 Characteristics of Gymnosperms:
1. Naked seeds – Their seeds develop on the surface of scales or leaves,
usually inside cones.
2. No flowers – Gymnosperms do not have flowers; instead, they reproduce
using cones.
3. Needle-like or scale-like leaves – Their leaves are adapted to survive in
harsh environments.
4. Pollination by wind – Pollen is carried by the wind from male cones to
female cones.
5. Evergreen plants – Most gymnosperms remain green throughout the year.
Examples: Pine, Narra, Cycas, Ginkgo, Spruce

CHARACTERISTICS OF ANIMALS INCLUDING MAMMALS,

REPTILES, INSECTS, BIRDS, FISH, AND AMPHIBIANS

VERTEBRATES- Animals with backbones or vertebral columns are called

vertebrates. Their backbones support and protect their spinal cords. At the end of the
spinal cord is the brain which is enclosed in a skull. As compared to other animals,
vertebrates have internal skeletons that give them shape. They have large and more
developed brains; making them the higher form of animals. They are classified into
five small groups namely: fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals.

These five groups are then divided into two groups according to their ability to
adapt to the changes in the temperature of their environment. The first three groups,
namely fishes, amphibians and reptiles, are all cold-blooded vertebrates for
their body temperature changes with their environment. They do not eat very often
because they depend on their surroundings instead of their bodies for heat. On the
other hand, birds and mammals belong to the warmblooded vertebrates for
their body temperature changes only slightly even if they are in extremely hot or cold
environment. To maintain their body temperature, they must eat often.
1. An insect is an invertebrate which fits into the arthropod group because it has an
exoskeleton and a segmented body. Some examples of insects include bees, ants and
butterflies.
What are some key characteristics of insects?
2. Their bodies are split into three parts and they have six legs (or three pairs of legs).
3. Most insects have two pairs of wings.
4. Insects lay eggs.
5. Insects have antennae (little feelers that help them find their way around and sense
what’s going on).

Insects, with over a million described species, are the most diverse group of
animals on Earth. They may be found in nearly all environments on the planet. No
matter where you travel, you will see organisms from this group. Adult insects range
in size from a minuscule fairy fly to a 21.9-inch-long stick insect. Insect movement can
include flight, walking, and swimming. Insects were the only invertebrates to develop
the ability to fly, and this has played an important role in their success. Many adult
insects use six legs for walking, and they walk in alternate triangles touching the
ground.

This allows the insect to walk quickly while staying stable. A few insects have
evolved to walk on the surface of the water, like water striders. A large number of
other insects also live parts of their lives underwater. Water beetles and water bugs
have legs adapted to paddle in the water. Young dragonflies use jet propulsion,
sending water out of their back end to move.

CHARACTERISTICS OF MICROORGANISMS INCLUDING FUNGI AND BACTERIA

Fungi are a group of living organisms which are classified in their own kingdom.
This means they are not animals, plants, or bacteria. Unlike bacteria, which have
simple prokaryotic cells, fungi have complex eukaryotic cells like animals and plants.
Fungi are found throughout the Earth including on land, in the water, in the air, and
even in plants and animals. They vary widely in size from microscopically small to the
largest organisms on Earth at several square miles large. There are more than
100,000 different identified species of fungi.

How are fungi different from plants?

Fungi were once classified as plants. However, they are different from plants in two
important ways:

Characteristics of Fungi
1) fungi cell walls are composed of chitin rather than cellulose.
Characteristics of Fungi
1. They are eukaryotic.
2. They get their food by decomposing matter or eating off their hosts as parasites.
3. They do not possess chlorophyll like plants.
4. They reproduce through numerous spores rather than pollen, fruit, or seeds.
5. They are usually not motile, meaning they cannot actively move around.

ROLES OF FUNGI

Food - Many fungi are used as food such as mushrooms and truffles. Yeast, a type of
fungi, is used when baking bread to help it rise and to ferment beverages.
Decomposition - Fungi play an important role in the decomposition of organic
matter. This decomposition is necessary for many of the cycles of life such as the
carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen cycles. By breaking down organic matter, fungi release
carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen into the soil and the atmosphere.

Medicine - Some fungi are used to killed bacteria that can cause infections and
disease in humans. They make antibiotics like penicillin and cephalosporin.

TYPES OF FUNGI
Scientists often divide fungi into four groups: club fungi, molds, sac fungi, and
imperfect fungi. Some of the more common fungi that you are likely to see or use
every day are described below.

1. Mushrooms - Mushrooms are part of the club fungi group. Mushrooms are the
fruiting body of a fungus. Some mushrooms are good to eat and are used as food,
while others are very poisonous. Never eat a mushroom you find in the woods!

2. Mold - Molds are formed by filaments called hyphae. Molds tend to form on old
fruit, bread, and cheese. They sometimes look furry as the hyphae grow upward and
release more mold spores from their tips.

3. Yeast - Yeasts are small round single-celled organisms. Yeasts are important in
making bread rise.

BACTERIA
Bacteria are tiny little organisms that are everywhere around us. We can't see them
without a microscope because they are so small, but they are in the air, on our skin, in
our bodies, in the ground, and all throughout nature. Bacteria are single-celled
microorganisms. Their cell structure is unique in that they don't have a nucleus and
most bacteria have cell walls similar to plant cells. They come in all sorts of shapes
including rods, spirals, and spheres. Some bacteria can "swim" around using long tails
called flagella. Others just hang out or glide along.

Are bacteria dangerous?

Most bacteria aren't dangerous, but some are and can make us sick. These bacteria
are called pathogens. Pathogens can cause diseases in animals and plants. Some
examples of pathogens are leprosy, food poisoning, pneumonia, tetanus, and typhoid
fever. Fortunately, we have antibiotics we can take which help to fight off the bad
pathogens. We also have antiseptics to help us keep wounds clean of bacteria and
antibiotic soap we use to wash to help keep off bad pathogens. Remember to wash
your hands!

Are bacteria all bad?

Not at all. Actually, most bacteria are very helpful to us. They play an important role in
the planet's ecosystem as well as in human survival.

Bacteria in the soil

Bacteria work hard in the soil for us. One type of bacteria, called decomposers, break
down material from dead plants and animals. This might sound kind of gross, but it's
an important function that helps to create soil and get rid of dead tissue. Another type
of bacteria in the soil is Rhizobium bacteria. Rhizobium bacteria help to fertilize the
soil with nitrogen for plants to use when growing.

Bacteria in food
Yep, there's bacteria in our food. Yuck! Well, they aren't really that bad and bacteria is
used when making foods like yogurt, cheese, pickles, and soy sauce.

Bacteria in our bodies

There are many good bacteria in our bodies. A primary use of bacteria is to help us
digest and breakdown our food. Some bacteria can also help assist our immune
system in protecting us from certain organisms that can make us sick.

PARTS OF THE BACTERIA CELL

Bacteria in our bodies
The scientific name for bacteria cells is prokaryotes. Prokaryotes are fairly simple
cells in that they do not have a cell nucleus or other specialized organelles.

Interesting Facts about Bacteria:

1. There are around 40 million bacteria in a gram of soil.
2. Bacteria can survive in very harsh conditions including deep areas of the Earth's
crust and in radioactive waste.
3. There are around as many bacteria cells in a human body as there are human cells.
4. Bacteria are used to help the environment by treating sewage and breaking down
oil from oil spills.
5. Some bacteria have chemicals that can generate light. This is called
bioluminescence.