Text 1
A galaxy is a collection of stars and other astronomical bodies,
including planets, comets and asteroids, held together by
gravity.
There are many different physical forms and measurements
of galaxies. These include the spiral, barrel-spiral and elliptical.
Our galaxy, called the Milky Way, is approximately 100,000
light years in width and contains over 100 billion stars.
The centre of galaxies can contain many young, very hot
stars as well as older stars. Swirling clouds that have been
energized by magnetic forces also exist in the centre.
At this point in time, no one knows the exact number of
galaxies in the universe. Astronomers are, however, learning
more and more about them everyday.
Adapted from Text Types in English 3, Macmillan Education
Australia PTY LTD
“Our galaxy, called the Milky Way, is…” (paragraph 3)
1. What does the underlined word in the sentence refer to?
a. The writer and the readers.
b. The readers and their friends.
c. The people of the world.
d. The members of the galaxies.
Text 2
Black pepper (Piper nigrum) is a flowering vine in the family
Piperaceae. It is cultivated for its fruit, which is usually dried
and used as a spice and seasoning. The fruit is known as a
peppercorn when dried. It is approximately 5 millimeters (0,20
in) in diameter, dark red when fully mature, and , like all
drupes, contains a single seed. Peppercorns, and the powdered
pepper derived from grinding them, may be described simply
as pepper or more precisely as black pepper (cooked and dried
unripe fruit), green pepper ( dried unripe fruit), and white
pepper (dried ripe seeds).
Black pepper is native to south India. It is extensively
cultivated there and elsewhere in tropical regions. Currently
Vietnam is the world’s largest producer and exporter of pepper,
producing 34% of the world’s Piper nigrum crop as of 2008.
Dried ground pepper has been used since ancient times
for both its flavor and as a medicine. Black pepper is the
world’s most traded spice. It is one of the most common spices
added to European cuisine and its descendants. The spiciness
of black pepper is due to the chemical piperine. We can find
this spice anywhere in the industrialized world. It is often paired
with table salt.
(Adapted from: [Link]
1. How has dried ground peer been used since ancient times?
a. for its flavor
b. as a medicine
c. for trading
d. for both its flavor and as a medicine
2. What does the word native in paragraph one mean?
a. imported
b. indigenous
c. imitation
d. irregular
3. What does the word them in paragraph one refer to?
a. seeds
b. fruits
c. peppercorns
d. black pepper
4. What is paragraph three about?
a. pepper trading
b. the uses of pepper
c. ancient times
d. pepper with table salt
Text 3
A cactus (plural: cacti) is any member of the plant family
Cactaceae, native to the Americas. They are often used as
ornamental plants, but some are also crop plants. Cacti are
grown for protection of property from wild animals, as well as
many other uses.
Cacti are part of the plant order Caryophyllales, which also
include members like beets, gypsophila, spinach, amaranth,
tumbleweeds, carnations, rhubarb, buckwheat, plumbago,
bougainvillea, chickweed and knotgrass.
Cacti are unusual and distinctive plants, which are adapted to
extremely arid and hot environments, showing a wide range of
anatomical and physiological features which conserve water.
Their stems have adapted to become photosynthetic and
succulent, while the leaves have become the spines for which
cacti are well known.
Cacti come in a wide range of shapes and sizes. The tallest is
Pachycereus pringlei, with a maximum recorded height of 19.2
m, and the smallest is Blossfeldia liliputiana, only about 1 cm in
diameter at maturity. Cactus flowers are large, and like the
spines and branches arise from areoles. Many cactus species
are night blooming, as they are pollinated by nocturnal insects
or small animals, principally moths and bats. Cacti range in size
from small and globular to tall and columnar.
1. Where can we find cacti mostly?
A. In the jungle.
B. On the beach.
C. On the mountain.
D. In the arid and hot region.
2. Why do cacti mostly bloom at night?
A. Because their flowers are large.
B. Since cacti are unusual and distinctive plants.
C. Since cacti are pollinated by nocturnal insects.
D. As the afternoon period is used for photosynthetic process.
3. What does the first paragraph tell us about?
A. The members of cacti.
B. The habitat of cacti.
C. The use of cacti
D. Types of cacti.
4. What is the purpose of the text ?
A. To give information about American cacti
B. To explain physical feature of cacti
C. To describe cacti in general
D. To tell cacti’s life
5. “Cacti are unusual and distinctive plants, which …”
The synonym of the word “distinctive” is …
A. typical
B. antique
C. unique
D. Different
Summer is a season which include the hottest and longest
days in a year, among the four seasons, in its cycle. As a
result, summer, which falls between spring and autumn, has
the shortest nights, albeit the summertime may vary among
countries due to climate and tradition. When summer is
coming, the days lengthen.
In most countries in the nothern hemisphere, summer starts
in June and ends in September. Meanwhile, summer occurs in
December, January, and February in southern hemisphere.
During summer, the days are usually bright so people go
holidaying, swimming, or sunbathing on the beach.
Vegetables and tropical fruits, such as pineapples,
watermelons, mangoes, berries, and melons, are abundant in
summer.
6. Among the four seasons, when does the summer falls?
A. Spring and autumn.
B. Autumn and winter.
C. Winter and spring
D. Longest nights in the year.
E. Shortest days in the year.
7. What is the main idea of the second paragraph?
A. Summertime.
B. Summer season.
C. Summer activities.
D. Summer vegetables.
E. Summer in hemisphere.
8. Why do people like to spend the day out in the summer?
A. Summer has the longest days.
B. Summer has various fruits and vegetables.
C. Summer extends from June to September.
D. Summer is the hottest and the longest season.
E. Summer is a good season for outdoor activities.
9. Why do people like to spend the day out in the summer?
A. Summer has the longest days.
B. Summer has various fruits and vegetables.
C. Summer extends from June to September.
D. Summer is the hottest and the longest season.
E. Summer is a good season for outdoor activities.
10 ‘“..are abundant in summer. ” (last paragraph)
What does the underlined word mean?
A. Easy to get.
B. Overwhelming.
C. Having a great deal.
D. Available in large quantities.
E. Ready to be served in large portions.
Recycling is a collection, processing, and reuse of materials
that would otherwise be thrown away. Materials ranging from
precious metals to broken glass, from old newspapers to plastic
spoons, can be recycled. The recycling process reclaims the
original material and uses it in new products.
In general, using recycled materials to make new products
costs less and requires less energy than using new materials.
Recycling can also reduce pollution, either by reducing the
demand for high-pollution alternatives or by minimizing the
amount of pollution produced during the manufacturing
process.
Paper products that can be recycled include cardboard
containers, wrapping paper, and office paper. The most
commonly recycled paper product is newsprint. In newspaper
recycling, old newspapers are collected and searched for
contaminants such as plastic bags and aluminium foil. The
paper goes to a processing plant where it is mixed with hot
water and turned into pulp in a machine that works much like a
big kitchen blender.
The pulp is screened and filtered to remove smaller
contaminants. The pulp then goes to a large vat where the ink
separates from the paper fibres and floats to the surface. The
ink is skimmed off, dried and reused as ink or burned as boiler
fuel. The cleaned pulp is mixed with new wood fibres to be
made into paper again.
Experts estimate the average office worker generates about 5
kg of waste paper per month. Every ton of paper that is
recycled saves about 1.4 cu m (about 50 cu ft) of landfill space.
One ton of recycled paper saves 17 pulpwood trees (trees used
to produce paper).
11. The following things can be recycled except . . .
A. Precious metals.
B. Broken glass.
C. Old newspapers.
D. Plastic spoons.
E. Fresh vegetables and fruits.
12. Which of the following is not the benefit of recycling?
A. It costs more money for the process of recycling.
B. It costs less to make new products.
C. It requires less energy.
D. It can reduces pollution.
E. It reduces the demand of high-pollution alternatives.
13. What is the third step of recycling paper products?
A. Collect and search for contaminants such as plastic bags
and aluminium foil.
B. Mix the paper with hot water in a blender which turns it
into pulp.
C. Screen and filter the pulp to remove smaller
contaminants.
D. Put the pulp to a large vat to separate the ink from the
paper fibres.
E. Mix the pulp with new wood fibres to be made into paper
again.