PART II

REFERENTIAL FRAMEWORK

This section lays out a series of theoretical elements, starting

with the project's background, which provides information
relevant work or previous projects on the study subject.
In addition, the theoretical foundations present in each of the
proposed objectives, which must be linked to the line of
investigation of the integrative social project and the curricular units, such is
the case of the present project that falls within the structural line and
the curricular units of topography, soil mechanics, and analysis
structural.

Theoretical Foundation

Background
Flores, Salas, and Rujano (2017), in their project titled Design and Calculation
Structural of Commercial Premises in the Passenger Terminal of
Valera Municipality, Juan Ignacio Montilla Parish, Trujillo State; they took
With the general objective of designing and calculating commercial premises in the locality.

aforementioned, with the purpose of encompassing and addressing the

problem generated by the lack of suitable spaces to relocate the
informal merchants, and thus improve the influx of public transportation and
the pedestrians who pass through the place. Methodologically, this study is
was taken on as a social integrative project and according to its nature it
framed within a field design.
To comply with this project, they proceeded to develop a
structural seismic analysis according to the loads for a concrete structure
type 1 applying the COVENIN 1756-1:2001 standard, they then carried out
a structural design taking into account the design criteria of
plastic methods, furthermore, they designed the foundation system taking into account

considering the seismic variables, topographic survey and study

of the ground, they finally prepared structural plans such as the breakdowns,
sections and basic details.
Regarding the results and conclusions, the topographical survey
I throw an area of 4255 m2and a perimeter of 331.38 ml taking measurements
by the method of tachymetry, they executed a closed polygonal, the
Soil classification was GS (sandy gravel) with a plasticity of 14.05
%, regarding the predimensioning of structural elements was given to
know the dimensions of each of them, yielding 14 foundations of
concentric type, it was finally known that the building has 4 levels
of silver with a total of 4679 m2under construction.
The contribution of the authors to the realization of this project leans
basically in the application of the different methods to calculate and
analyze reinforced concrete structures, when analyzing the elements on the
internal efforts, deformations, and stresses acting upon them,
likewise, they evaluated the standards and procedures of architectural design of
commercial premises applying sanitary, electrical, architectural regulations
and structural.
Next, Campos, Maldonado, and Materano (2017) conducted a
project titled Design and Structural Calculation of a Building for Use
Community in the La Matera Sector, Campo Alegre Parish, San Municipality
Rafael de Carvajal, Trujillo state, developing the general objective, is based
in designing and structurally calculating a building for communal use.
From a methodological point of view, this research is framed under the
guidelines of the Social Integrator Project with field design.
In this line of thought, to carry it out, a diagnosis was made of the
community applying the community approach and the situational diagnosis, to
through brainstorming, and given as procedure the execution of a
structural analysis that includes permanent and variable loads,
also the realization of the structural design by the plastic method according to
norm, and in order to obtain the foundation system, and to be able to elaborate
the structural plans of the building.
According to the results and conclusions, the geotechnical properties of
land includes an area of 789 m2with a moderate slope of 2%, floor
general mete good with low plasticity < 35% and of GC type (gravel
clayey), subsequently the analysis and structural design yielded a slab
nervada in a direction of 0.30 cm thickness, and the beams, columns and
The foundation slab will be built with reinforced concrete that presents a
strength of 250 kg/cm2with a flow strength of 4200 kg/cm2.
The contribution of the authors to this project is linked to the application.
from brainstorming as a technique to prioritize problems,
needs and interests identified in the community diagnosis,
as well as the development of the theoretical foundations and the application
methodological in general, completing the application of the standards
established to calculate reinforced concrete buildings.
On the other hand, Azuaje and Barrio (2017) presented in their work titled
Design Proposal and Structural Calculation of a Community Civic Center in
the Lola Gracia Sector of Briceño, Flor de Patria Parish, Municipality
Pampán, Trujillo State, whose general objective was to develop a proposal for
design and structural calculation of a military civic center in the community before
mentioned. This research is associated with a feasible project with
field design.
The procedure for its preparation consisted of inspecting the
real conditions of the land, through several visits to the community,
they also conducted a geotechnical or topographic survey, studied the
properties of the soil and their characteristics, followed by the
architectural design through a series of plans, and in this way
carry out the structural analysis and design, and at the same time be able to estimate the costs

construction, quantity surveys, material quantities, price

unit cost and investment budget, concluding with the study and evaluation
environmental and sociocultural impact that this building will generate.
The achievement of the objectives yielded results such as;
field measurements were carried out using the tachymetric method, at
situate a single station with the theodolite, points were taken sighted with sights
verticals resulting in a closed polygon of 502.83 m2and a
perimeter of 109.11 m, the sole sample was obtained through a
excavation called calicata of 1 m3, which was studied in the laboratory
with the different methods (granulometry, consistency limits, gravity
specific, compaction, CBR, bearing capacity of the soil), yielding a
classification Poorly graded silty sand, subsequently the design of
this building had 3 levels with adequate spaces, and through the
Structural analysis allows for the observation of axial load calculations, moments.
bending, effort, deflection and stress of slabs, beams, stairs, columns and
to be able to design to the full capacity of the material, the APU and budget yielded a

amount of 59,879,767.87 bs.

The contribution of the authors applied to this project influences development.
of the procedures and techniques for studying the soil and thus be able to
classify it, also obtain precise results of structural analysis
to maximize the use of the material, and when evaluating it with
the concrete breakage method can be anticipated that the element will reach the
exhaustion, finally the correct evaluation of environmental impact
seeking to mitigate negative impacts and generate alternatives for impacts
positives for establishing a sustainable and environmentally friendly development
environment, as well as a balance with the whole ecosystem.
Similarly, Abreu and Barreto (2017) formalized a degree project.
called Structural Design for the Headquarters of the Company of
Bus Transport Trujillo, C.A, Valera Municipality, Trujillo State where the objective
The general was to carry out the structural design of the aforementioned company.
The methodology is based on a field design action project.
which represents a proposal that is redone to provide a solution to a
problematic.
The beginning was framed by the realization of the spatial distribution of
environments of the company's headquarters, in order to design the
building architecture, and in this way obtain the sizing
structural and be able to make minor structural calculations applying the
standards, also establish plans, and finishing with the APU and budget
total investment
The results and conclusions provided an outline of the different
distributions of the environments producing 3 buildings that are connected
between them, they also possess various aesthetic elements that enhance it, the
predimensioning resulted in the construction of slabs in one direction and by the
asymmetric shape of the building should work with a joint of
dilation in axes three and seven thus dividing the behavior
structurally, a budget for February 2017 was finally known.
580,304,602.16 Bs.
The contribution of the authors to the application of this project is based on
the application of the Kani method for the calculation of moments
loading and maximum moments in the slabs and stairs, as well the
application of Venezuelan standards COVENIN, and the distribution of the
spaces according to architecture and urban variables, were also applied
techniques for digitizing plans in the AutoCAD assisted software.