I. LISTENING: (4.

0 POINTS)
Part 1. Maria is a college student. She has handed the first draft of an essay to her tutor. The tutor has
read it, and now he is discussing ways the essays can be improved. For questions 1 to 5, choose the
correct answer, A, B, C or D according to what you hear. Write your answers in the spaces below.
1. It took Maria lots of effort and time to .
A. make her essay clear and short B. persuade the tutor to read her essay
C. practise a speech D. write a better essay
2. The tutor is impressed by .
A. the punctuation B. the spelling
C. the style and choice of language D. the computer's spell check
3. The tutor feels that Maria’s use of English is .
A. generally acceptable B. very poor
C. perfect D. pretty basic
4. How does Maria feel about this?
A. She’s very sad B. She’s relieved
C. She’s delighted D. She’s overjoyed
5. How does the tutor suggest Maria can improve her spelling?
A. Use a dictionary B. Use a computer spell checker
C. Avoid difficult-to-spell words D. Do a double-check
Part 2: You will hear a guide speaking to tourists who are visiting some Romans remains. Listen and
give short answers to the questions. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER
taken from the recording. Write your answers in the spaces below. (1.5 pts)
1. When did the Romans first come to the Corbridge area?
2. Why did the Romans built a series of forts and strongholds?
3. What did people begin to search for in 1201?
4. How often have archaeological digs taken place since 1934?
5. What are the two things that visitors should pay attention to?
Part 3: You are going to hear an interview with a chef called Heston Blumenthal about the process of
eating. Decide whether these statements are (T) true , F (False or NG (not given). You will listen to the
recording twice. Write your answers in the spaces below. (1.0 pt)
1. Heston mentions eating fish from a paper plate with a plastic knife and fork as an example of what
influences the eating experience.
2. According to Heston, the number of taste buds on the tongue and in the mouth gradually decreases.
3. The experiment involving salt and other foods shows that it is impossible to taste something that you
can’t smell.
4. The story about the trainee waiters illustrates that one sense can strongly influence another.
5. According to Heston, reactions to bitterness don’t change overtime.
II. LEXICO-GRAMMAR (3.0 POINTS)
Part 1: Choose the correct answer A, B, C, or D to each of the following questions. Write your answers
1. After the meal, we over our coffee for an hour or so.
[Link] [Link] [Link] [Link]
2 70 percent alcohol is more effective than 100 percent alcohol.
A. An antiseptic used [Link] antiseptic when used
[Link] an antiseptic is used D. When used as an antiseptic
3. Surgeons now can do miracles to their physical
which used to be untreatable. [Link] [Link]
[Link] [Link]
4. Don’t cough the money until the job has been finished.
[Link] [Link] [Link] [Link]
5. The competition , but you failed to enter it.
[Link] have provided you with opportunities [Link] have provided you with opportunities
[Link] have provided you with opportunities D. may have had provisions
6. The chairman had a recommendation that .
A. each member studied more carefully the problem
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 B. the problem was more carefully studied by each member
C. with more carefulness the problem could be studied
D. each member study the problem more carefully
7. Giving up smoking is just one of the ways to heart disease.
A. push off B. put off [Link] off D. brush off
8. When his parents are away, his oldest brother .
A. knocks it off B. calls the shots C. draws the line D. is in the same boat
9. You are being thoroughly in refusing to allow this ceremony to take place.
A. unrequited B. unrepresentative C. unreliable D. unreasonable
10. An almost line of traffic was moving at a snail’s pace through the town.
A. continuous B. constant C. continual D. stopping
Part 2: Write the correct forms of the words given in capitals to complete the passage. (1,0 pt)
Chat GPT is a language model developed by OpenAI that uses deep learning techniques to
generate ([Link]) responses to text-based prompts or questions. GPT stands for
"([Link]) Pre-trained Transformer," which is a type of neural network architecture
that has been trained on large amounts of text data. The GPT model is capable of generating coherent and
([Link]) relevant responses to a wide range of prompts, making it useful for a
variety of applications, such as chatbots, language translation, and content
([Link]) . As a language model, Chat GPT is designed to learn and understand the
structure of human language, enabling it to generate responses that sound like they were written by a
human. Chat GPT gets its information from a vast corpus of text data that has been
([Link]) and used to train the model. This corpus includes a diverse range of
sources, such as books, articles, web pages, and other forms of text-based content that are available on the
internet. However, the responses it generates can ([Link]) knowledge and
information that it has learned from this training data.
The development of ([Link]) language models like Chat GPT has led to
concerns that they could replace human workers and lead to job losses. While it is true that these models
are capable of automating certain tasks that were ([Link]) performed by
humans, they are not necessarily designed to replace human workers. Instead, language models like Chat
GPT are often used to augment human labor, enabling workers to be more
([Link]) and efficient in their roles. In some cases, the development of
language models may lead to the ([Link]) of certain jobs, but they also create
new opportunities in fields such as machine learning, data science, and artificial intelligence.

Part 3: Read the following passage, identify the 10 errors. Pick out and correct them. Number 0 has been
Just as optical fibers (0) has transformed communication, they are also revolutionizing medicine.
These ultra-thin, flexible fibers have opened a window to a living tissues of the body. By inserting optical
fibers through natural openings or small incisions and threading them along the body established
pathways, physicists can look into the lungs, intestines, heart, and other areas that were formerly accessed
to them.
The basic fiber-optics system is called a fiberscope, which consists of two bundles of fibers. One, the
illuminated bundle, carries light to the tissues. It is coupled to a highly-intensity light source. Light enters
the cores of the high-purity silicon glass and travels along the fibers. A lens at the end of the bundle
collects the light and focuses it into the another bundle, the imaging bundle. Each fiber in the bundle
transfers only a tiny fraction of the total image. The reconstructed image can be viewed through an
eyepiece or displayed on a television screen. During the last five years, improving methods of fabricating
optical fibers have led to a reduction in fiberscope diameter and an increase in the number of fibers,
which on turn has increased resolution.
READING COMPREHENSION (7.0 POINTS)
Part 1. Read the following passages and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap. Write your
answers (A, B, C, or D) in corresponding numbered boxes. (1,0 pt)
Long hours and health don't mix
Women are much healthier when they take it easy, reveals a new survey. Those who work long hours are
more likely than men to (1) in unhealthy behaviour such as eating snacks, smoking and
drinking caffeine. (Long hours have no such (2) on men.) One positive benefit of long hours
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 for both sexes, however, is that alcohol (3) is reduced.
The study, funded by the Economic and Social Research Council, is part of a wider study by psychologists
from the University of Leeds, into the effects of stress on eating. 'Stress causes people to
(4) for unhealthy high-fat and high-sugar snacks in (5) to healthier food choices,' says
researcher Dr Daryl O'Connor of the University of Leeds. 'People under stress eat less than usual in their
main meals, including their vegetable (6) ,but shift their preference to high-fat, high-sugar
snacks instead. 'Our (7) are disturbing in that they show stress produces
harmful changes in diet and (8) to unhealthy eating behaviour,' continues Dr O'Connor.
'An overwhelming (9) of evidence shows the importance of maintaining a balanced diet in
(10) of reducing the risk of cancer and cardiovascular diseases and that means eating a low-
fat diet and five portions of fruit and vegetables a day.
2. A. indulge B. satisfy C. yield D. tempt
3. A. contact B. clash C. conflict D. impact
4. A. beverage B. consumption C. expenditure D. acceptance
5. A. choose B. select C. design D. opt
6. A. difference B. option C. preference D. priority
7. A. intake B. influx C. emission D. immersion
8. A. instructions B. rulings C. findings D. institutions
9. A. sends B. makes C. guides D. leads
10. A. lump B. body C. sack D. packet
A. moments B. sessions C. terms D. senses Part 2. Read the text below and think of the word
which best fits each space. Use only ONE suitable word for each space. (1,0 pt)
The computer has brought nothing (1) problems to the world of the twentieth century. Chief
among the problems has (2) the dehumanization of society. People are no (3)
human. Each of us is a series of numbers, numbers to be fed into computers. There are our credit card
numbers, our bank account (4) , our social security numbers, our telephone and electricity
numbers - the computer number game is endless.
What happens to these computerized numbers ? They are distributed to a network of government
agencies and business (5) can use them to invade our privacy. The Internal Revenue Service
stores millions of facts about every citizen. Credit agencies exchange (6) on the spending
and saving practices of nearly every American adult. Mailing lists are (7) available by
computers to dozens of organizations, public and private, who bombard us with unwanted mail.
Just let the computer which stores (8) concerning our accounts, let us say with a credit card
company, make an error and it is almost impossible to correct it. The result is an avalanche of bills,
threads, and loss of credit standing.
The computer has thrown thousands of people out of (9) . The gamut of computer-
generated unemployed runs from highly skilled technicians to typists. These are some of the reasons why
I feel that the (10) of the computer has been detrimental to the quality of our life in the
twentieth century.
Part 3. Read the passage below and choose the correct answer (A, B, C or D). Write your answers in
corresponding numbered boxes. (1,0 pt)
Anthropology distinguishes itself from the other social sciences by its greater emphasis on
fieldwork as the source of new knowledge. The aim of such studies is to develop as intimate an
understanding as possible of the phenomena investigated. Although the length of field studies varies from
a few weeks to years, it is generally agreed that anthropologists should stay in the field long enough for
their presence to be considered ‘natural’ by the permanent residents.
Realistically, however, anthropologists may never reach this status. Their foreign mannerisms make them
appear clownish, and so they are treated with curiosity and amusement. If they speak the local language at
all, they do so with a strange accent and flawed grammar. They ask tactless questions and inadvertently
break rules regarding how things are usually done. Arguably this could be an interesting starting point for
research, though it is rarely exploited. Otherwise, anthropologists take on the role of the ‘superior expert’,
in which case they are treated with deference and respect, only coming into contact with the most high-
ranking members of the society. Anthropologists with this role may never witness the gamut of practices
which take place in all levels of the society.
No matter which role one takes on, anthropologists generally find fieldwork extremely demanding.
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 Anthropological texts may read like an exciting journey of exploration, but rarely is this so. Long periods
of time spent in the field are generally characterised by boredom, illness and frustration. Anthropologists
in the field encounter unfamiliar climates, strange food and low standards of hygiene. It is often
particularly trying for researchers with middle-class, European backgrounds to adapt to societies where
being alone is considered pitiful. It takes a dedicated individual to conduct research which is not in some
way influenced by these personal discomforts.
Nonetheless, fieldwork requires the researcher to spend as much time as possible in local life. A range of
research methodologies can be utilised to extract information. (A) These can be classified as emic or etic.
(B) While emic descriptions are considered more desirable nowadays, they are difficult to attain, even if the
researcher does his utmost to reproduce the facts from the natives’ point of view. (C) More often than not,
aspects of the researcher’s own culture, perspective and literary style seep into the narrative. Moreover,
research generally involves translations from one language to another and from speech into writing. In
doing this, the meaning of utterances is changed. (D) The only truly emic descriptions can be those given
by the natives themselves in their own vernacular.
The least invasive type of research methodology is observation. Here, the researcher studies the group and
records findings without intruding too much on their privacy. This is not to say, however, that the
presence of the researcher will have minimal impact on the findings. An example was Richard Borshay
Lee, who, in studying local groups in the Kalahari refused to provide the people with food so as not to taint
his research, leading to an inevitable hostility towards the researcher which would not otherwise have
been present.
A variant on the observation technique, participant observation requires that the anthropologist not only
observes the culture, but participates in it too. It allows for deeper immersion into the culture studied,
hence a deeper understanding of it. By developing a deeper rapport with the people of the culture, it is
hoped they will open up and divulge more about their culture and way of life than can simply be
observed. Participant observation is still an imperfect methodology, however, since populations may
adjust their behavior around the researcher, knowing that they are the subject of research.
The participatory approach was conceived in an attempt to produce as emic a perspective as possible. The
process involves not just the gathering of information from local people, but involves them in the
interpretation of the findings. That is, rather than the researcher getting actively involved in the processes
within the local community, the process is turned on its head. The local community is actively involved in
the research process.
1. The main premise of the text is:
A. the steps to be followed when undertaking anthropological fieldwork.
B. a history of anthropological fieldwork methodology.
C. the effects that an anthropological fieldwork has on local communities.
D. the problems with conducting anthropological fieldwork.
2. The main reason for anthropological researchers remaining in a community for an extended period of
time is that:
A. they can gather as much information as possible.
B. they can try out a range of different research methodologies.
C. they want local people to behave naturally around them.
D. they need time to become accustomed to the conditions.
3. What does the passage say about researchers who are considered a ‘clown’ by locals?
A. They do culturally unacceptable things without realizing it.
B. They do not gain respect among high-ranking members of the community.
C. They cannot conduct any research of value.
D. They do not study the language and culture of the region before their arrival.
4. What does ‘gamut’ mean?
A. idea or impression B. prohibition or taboo
C. range or extent D. secret or mystery
5. The writer believes that the most difficult aspect of fieldwork for educated westerners is .
A. the lack of companionship. B. poor sanitary conditions.
C. failure to meet expectations. D. never being left alone.
6. In paragraph 3, it is implied that
A. the fieldworker’s emotions and mood prejudice the research.
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 B. the longer a researcher spends in the field, the more depressed he gets.
C. middle-class Europeans find field research more difficult than researchers from other backgrounds.
D. anthropological texts tend to exaggerate the difficult conditions that researchers experience.
7. Where in paragraph 4 does this sentence belong?
A native’s point of view of his own lifestyle is emic, while the analytical perspective of the outsider is etic.
A. (A) B. (B) C. (C) D. (D)
8. Why is the example of Richard Borshay Lee given in paragraph 5?
A. to demonstrate that observation is an ineffective method of gathering data.
B. to highlight why it is important that researchers minimize their impact on a community.
C. to show the dangers of researchers trying to lessen their impact on a community
D. to show how a researcher’s choice of methodology can influence the validity of his findings.
9. How does participant observation differ vary from straightforward observation?
A. It requires the researcher to become actively involved in the daily lives of those being studied.
B. It allows the subjects of the research a greater degree of privacy.
C. It eradicates the problem of research subjects altering their behaviour towards researchers.
10. It takes longer to perform this type of research effectively. Which of the following is NOT true of the
participatory approach?
A. It attempts to reduce etic accounts of a culture to a minimum.
B. It does not require a researcher to be present.
C. It aims to involve the subjects in both information gathering and analysis.
D. It is the reverse of the participant observation technique.
Part 4. Read the text and do the following tasks. (1,0 pt)
Questions 1-6, choose the correct heading for paragraphs A-F from the list of headings below. Write your
answers in the corresponding numbered boxes.
List of Headings
i. The advantage of an intuitive approach to personality assessment
ii. Overall theories of personality assessment rather than valuable guidance
iii. The consequences of poor personality assessment
iv. Differing views on the importance of personality assessment
v. Success and failure in establishing an approach to personality assessment
vi. Everyone makes personality assessments
vii. Acknowledgement of the need for improvement in personality assessment
viii. Little progress towards a widely applicable approach to personality assessment
ix. The need for personality assessments to be well-judged
x. The need for a different kind of research into personality assessment
Paragraphs:
1. Paragraph A
2. Paragraph B
3. Paragraph C
4. Paragraph D
5. Paragraph E
6. Paragraph F
A. Our daily lives are largely made up of contacts with other people, during which we are constantly
making judgments of their personalities and accommodating our behaviour to them in accordance with
these judgments. A casual meeting of neighbours on the street, an employer giving instructions to an
employee, a mother telling her children how to behave, a journey in a train where strangers eye one
another without exchanging a word - all these involve mutual interpretations of personal qualities.
B. Success in many vocations largely depends on skill in sizing up people. It is important not only to such
professionals as the clinical psychologist, the psychiatrist or the social worker, but also to the doctor or
lawyer in dealing with their clients, the businessman trying to outwit his rivals, the salesman with
potential customers, the teacher with his pupils, not to speak of the pupils judging their teacher. Social
life, indeed, would be impossible if we did not, to some extent, understand, and react to the motives
and qualities of those we meet; and clearly we are sufficiently accurate for most practical purposes,
although we also recognize that misinterpretations easily arise particularly on the part of others who
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 judge us!
C. Errors can often be corrected as we go along. But whenever we are pinned down to a definite decision
about a person, which cannot easily be revised through his 'feed-back', the inadequacies of our
judgments become apparent. The hostess who wrongly thinks that the Smiths and the Joneses will get
on well together can do little to retrieve the success of her party. A school or a business may be
saddled for years with an undesirable member of staff, because the selection committee which
interviewed him for a quarter of an hour misjudged his personality.
D. Just because the process is so familiar and taken for granted, it has aroused little scientific curiosity
until recently. Dramatists, writers and artists throughout the centuries have excelled in the portrayal of
character, but have seldom stopped to ask how they, or we, get to know people, or how accurate is our
knowledge. However, the popularity of such unscientific systems as Lavater's physiognomy in the
eighteenth century, Gall's phrenology in the nineteenth, and of handwriting interpretations by
graphologists, or palm-readings by gipsies, show that people are aware of weaknesses in their
judgments and desirous of better methods of diagnosis. It is natural that they should turn to psychology for
help, in the belief that psychologists are specialists in 'human nature'.
E. This belief is hardly justified: for the primary aim of psychology had been to establish the general laws
and principles underlying behaviour and thinking, rather than to apply these to concrete problems of
the individual person. A great many professional psychologists still regard it as their main function to
study the nature of learning, perception and motivation in the abstracted or average human being, or in
lower organisms, and consider it premature to put so young a science to practical uses. They would
disclaim the possession of any superior skill in judging their fellow-men. Indeed, being more aware of
the difficulties than is the non-psychologist, they may be more reluctant to commit themselves to
definite predictions or decisions about other people. Nevertheless, to an increasing extent
psychologists are moving into educational, occupational, clinical and other applied fields, where they
are called upon to use their expertise for such purposes as fitting the education or job to the child or
adult, and the person to the job. Thus a considerable proportion of their activities consists of
personality assessment.
F. The success of psychologists in personality assessment has been limited, in comparison with what they
have achieved in the fields of abilities and training, with the result that most people continue to rely on
unscientific methods of assessment. In recent times there has been a tremendous amount of work on
personality tests, and on carefully controlled experimental studies of personality. Investigations of
personality by Freudian and other 'depth' psychologists have an even longer history. And yet
psychology seems to be no nearer to providing society with practicable techniques which are
sufficiently reliable and accurate to win general acceptance. The soundness of the methods of
psychologists in the field of personality assessment and the value of their work are under constant fire
from other psychologists, and it is far from easy to prove their worth.
Questions 7-10: Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer in the reading passage?
Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes.
YES If the statement agrees with the views of the writer
NO If the statement contradicts the views of the writer
NOT GIVEN If it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this
7. Unscientific systems of personality assessment have been of some use.
8. People make false assumptions about the expertise of psychologists.
9. It is likely that some psychologists are no better than anyone else at assessing personality
10. Research since 1940 has been based on acceptance of previous theories.
Part 5. Read the following passage and fill each blank with a suitable phrase or sentence from the list
given. There are five extra phrases/sentences that you don’t need to use. (1,0 pt)
Pottery is the name given to all kinds of pots and utensils made from clay and other minerals when
they have been ‘fired’, that is, (1) Articles made of pottery include plates, cups and saucers,
cooking dishes, wall and floor tiles, chemical storage jars, bathroom fittings, filters, drain pipes, electrical
insulators and ornaments for the home.
Pottery is one of the oldest crafts, (2) , and long before melting of metals. It enabled
him from very early times to make vessels for storing and cooking food, for carrying water, and for ritual
burial purposes. Early vessels were shaped by hand and probably ‘fired’ in a big bonfire by covering them
over with dried grass and dead branches, (3) .
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 A great advance in pottery followed the invention of the potter’s wheel and the kiln. It is not
certainly known where the potter’s wheel was first used, but it is thought that by about 3500B.C potters in
Central Asia were using some kind of wheel. From there its use spread west and east to Egypt, Crete,
China- (4) .
At first the wheel was nothing more than a small disc, turned on a pivot by hand, (5)
and providing it with a larger circular platform near the ground as well which could be rotated by the
potter with his feet. Such a wheel was probably in use in Egypt by about 200B.C, though this is only
conjecture; but it was certainly still in use in Europe at the beginning of the 19th century.
The list of phrases and sentences
A. which were then set alight
B. covered with a very thin layer of glass
C. which have a hardening effect
D. and then to Ancient Greece and Rome
E. however, the potter’s wheel was improved so that it could be worked by a treadle
F. and shaped against the spin with the fingers or some scraping tool
G. it must be ‘glazed
H. but later it was improved by raising it
I. hardened by heat in the potter’s kiln
J. which began to be practised as soon as man learned to control
fire. Part 6. Read the following passage and write your answers in
boxes 1-5 on your answer sheet by using
NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS. (1,0pt)
Evidence suggests that a key step is to develop a policy on bullying, saying clearly what is meant
by bullying, and giving explicit guidelines on what will be done if it occurs, what records will be kept,
who will be informed, what sanctions will be employed. The policy should be developed through
consultation, over a period of time – not just imposed from the head teacher’s office! Pupils, parents and
staff should feel they have been involved in the policy, which needs to be disseminated and implemented
effectively.
Other actions can be taken to back up the policy. There are ways of dealing with the topic through the
curriculum, using video, drama and literature. These are useful for raising awareness, and can best be tied
in to early phases of development, while the school is starting to discuss the issue of bullying. They are
also useful in renewing the policy for new pupils, or revising it in the light of experience. But curriculum
work alone may only have short-term effects; it should be an addition to policy work, not a substitute.
There are also ways of working with individual pupils, or in small groups. Assertiveness training for pupils
who are liable to be victims is worthwhile, and certain approaches to group bullying such as ‘no blame’,
can be useful in changing the behaviour of bullying pupils without confronting them directly, although
other sanctions may be needed for those who continue with persistent bullying.
What steps should schools take to reduce bullying?
The most important step is for the school authorities to produce a policy which makes the school's
attitude towards bullying quite clear. It should include detailed (1) as to how the school and
its staff will react if bullying occurs. In addition, action can be taken through the (2) . This is
particularly useful in the early part of the process, as a way of (3) and encouraging
discussion. On its own, however, it is insufficient to bring about a permanent solution. Effective work can
also be done with individual pupils and small groups. For example, potential (4) of
bullying can be trained to be more self-confident. Or again, in dealing with group bullying, a 'no blame'
approach, which avoids confronting the offender too directly, is often effective. Playground supervision
will be more effective if members of staff are trained to recognise the difference between bullying and
mere (5) .
Part 7. Fill in each blank with one correct word from the given ones. CHANGE THE WORD FORM to
mutualism side requite smite idol
part play plato ration hero

Youngsters in their teens or even earlier sometimes (1) film stars or other celebrities with
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 a kind of blind, devoted (2) . The objects of such adoration are regarded as gods by their (3)
worshippers. How sad that such devotion is almost always (4) though pop-stars
have been known to marry their fans). Young people also sometimes develop an (5)
obsession for another, often older, person that is not an adult, mature feeling but simply a youthful
infatuation. At parties a boy may (6) try to attract a girl, or vice versa, without intending any
serious, lasting relationship. This is just a flirtation. A relationship which gives deep and lasting happiness
to both partners must not be (7) (felt more strongly by one of the pair than by the other). It
should be based on a (8) love and respect, felt equally by each of the two. Of course it
can take many forms. It might be very deep but entail no physical desire, in which case it is described as
(9) . Certainly, for any relationship to be stable, the two people involved must be compatible (they must get
on well together). This does not necessarily mean that they must have attitudes and interests in common,
for (10) of opposites can work very well. The different characters of the two people somehow
complement each other.
PART 4: WRITING (6.0 points)
Part 1: Finish each sentence in such a way that it means exactly the same as the one printed before it.
1. The Pacific Ocean is on average deeper than the Atlantic.
→ The average …...………………………………………………………………..………….
2. The permit expires at the end of this month.
→ The permit is not …………………………………………………………………..…....…
3. You must remember to lock the drawer whatever you do.
→ On ...................................................................................................................................…
4. Michael has run away from home on other occasions.
→ This ………………………………………………………………………………………...
5. Because there was a late frost, much of the crop was spoiled.
→ A frost, ..................................................................................................................................
Part 2: Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word
given. DO NOT CHANGE THE WORD GIVEN.
1. The heavy downpour brought their picnic to an abrupt end. (CUT)
→ They had to.............................................................................of the heavy downpour.
2. He had nothing to do so he decided to see a movie. (END)
→ He........................................................................................., so he decided to see a movie.
3. Chris and I have the same liking for English. (JUST)
→ Chris.......................................................................................as I do.
4. Lisa has an awful lot of paperwork to get through today. (EARS)
→ Lisa.........................................................................................paperwork today.
5. Valerie has a profound knowledge of Australia. (BACK)
→ Valerie....................................................................................hand.
Part 3: (1,0 pt) Write an email (100–120 words) to your penfriend about a change in your lifestyle over the
past three years. In your email, you may include:
- What change you will talk about.
- What your lifestyle was like in the past.
- What change happened and how your life is now.
- How you feel about this change.
Start and end the email as follows:
Dear Mark,
Part 4: Some people believe that the development of artificial intelligence (AI) will make human labour
obsolete. Others think that work performed by humans will always be important. Discuss both views and
give your own opinion. (3,0 pts)
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.
Write at least 250 words.

E.

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