MCQs + EMQs) – DNA & Genetics) ‫ﺑﻨﻚ ﺃﺳﺌﻠﺔ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬

?Which enzyme unwinds the DNA double helix during replication .1

a) DNA polymerase I
b) DNA helicase
c) DNA ligase
d) Topoisomerase

:The poly A tail protects the 3’ end from .2

a) 5’3’ exonuclease
b) 3’5’ exonuclease
c) Translation
d) Export

?Which of the following is responsible for the switching on and off of the lac operon .3
a) Lactose
b) Ethanol
c) Malate
d) Fructose

?The ribosome reads mRNA in which of the following direction .4

’a) 3’ 5
’b) 5’ 3
c) Both directions
d) Random

?Which enzyme joins the Okazaki fragments into a continuous strand .5

a) Gyrase
b) Topoisomerase
c) Ligase
d) Helicase

?Name the pyrimidine base which is found in RNA but not in DNA .6
a) Thymine
b) Uracil
c) Adenine
d) Guanine

?Proofreading activity of DNA polymerases occurs in which direction .7

a) 3’ 5’ exonuclease
b) 5’ 3’ exonuclease
c) 5’ 3’ polymerization
d) Both

:Shine–Dalgarno sequence is also known as .8

a) ORF
b) AGGAGG sequence
c) Stop codon
d) Start codon

:In transcription termination in prokaryotes, the Rho protein is involved in .9

a) Initiation
b) Elongation
c) Rho-dependent termination
d) Translation

?Which polycistronic structural gene is regulated by a common promoter and regulatory gene .10
a) Trp operon
b) Lac operon
c) Ara operon
d) His operon

:DNA replication is described as .11

a) Conservative
b) Dispersive
c) Semiconservative
d) Random

?A codon contains how many nucleotides .12

a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
 d) 4

.Name the protein responsible for the formation of RNA primer .13
a) Topoisomerase
b) Gyrase
c) Helicase
d) Primase

:In eukaryotes, transcription occurs mainly in the .14

a) Cytoplasm
b) Ribosomes
c) Nucleus
d) Endoplasmic reticulum

?Which enzyme is primarily responsible for initiating transcription in prokaryotes .15

a) DNA polymerase
b) RNA polymerase
c) Ligase
d) Helicase

:The genetic code translates the language of .16

a) Proteins RNA
b) Amino acids RNA
c) RNA Proteins
d) RNA DNA

:The common bacteria used in genetic engineering is .17

a) S. typhi
b) E. coli
c) Rhizobium
d) S. aureus

:Okazaki fragments are formed on the .18

a) Leading strand
b) Lagging strand
c) Both strands
d) Template

?Which enzyme synthesizes RNA primers during replication .19

a) DNA polymerase III
b) Primase
c) Ligase
d) Helicase

.’Both Prokaryote and Eukaryote have one start codon 5’-AUG-3 .20
a) True
b) False

?Which nucleotide is present in the 5’ cap .21

a) ADP
b) GDP
c) CDP
d) UDP

?Which enzyme is used to join together two different types of DNA molecules .22
a) Ligase
b) Endonuclease
c) Exonuclease
d) Protease

:The TATA box is commonly found in .23

a) Prokaryotic promoter
b) Eukaryotic promoter
c) Ribosome binding site
d) Introns

?What is the mode of replication in [Link] .24

a) Intermediate
b) Dispersive
c) Conservative
d) Semiconservative
 ?Which of the following is true about DNA polymerase .25
’a) Synthesizes DNA 5’3
’b) Synthesizes DNA 3’5
’c) Synthesizes mRNA 3’5
’d) Synthesizes mRNA 5’3

:The monomeric unit of nucleic acid are called .26

a) Nucleotides
b) Nucleosides
c) Pyrimidines
d) Purines

?Which of the following initiation factors brings the initiator tRNA .27
a) IF-4
b) IF-3
c) IF-1
d) IF-2

?What is the regulation of a lac operon by a repressor known as .28

a) Neutral regulation
b) Positive regulation
c) Mixed regulation
d) Negative regulation

?What is the origin of replication .29

a) Start site of replication
b) Site preventing initiation
c) Random location
d) Termination site

?What is the process of synthesis of a polypeptide chain from mRNA known as .30
a) Conversion
b) Replication
c) Transcription
d) Translation

:U-rich RNAs that help in splicing are .31

a) snRNA
b) snoRNA
c) hnRNA
d) mRNA

?Which of the following has self-repairing mechanisms .32

a) DNA and RNA
b) DNA, RNA, proteins
c) Only DNA
d) DNA and proteins

:In eukaryotes, DNA replication occurs during .33

a) G1
b) S phase
c) G2
d) M phase

.Recombinant plasmids are added to bacteria pretreated with __________ ions .34
a) Iodine
b) Magnesium
c) Calcium
d) Ferric

?Which enzyme in bacteria restricts viral growth .35

a) Restriction endonuclease
b) Topoisomerase
c) Gyrase
d) Protease

?Which of the following ensure stable binding of RNA polymerase at the promoter site .36
a) DNA photolyase
b) Sigma factor
c) DNA glycosylase
d) RecA
 :Double-helix structure of DNA discovered by .37
a) Gobind Khurana
b) Nirenberg
c) Watson & Crick
d) Darwin

:The process of RNA formation is .38

a) Replication
b) DNA repair
c) Translation
d) Transcription

?Which of the following initiation proteins help ribosome recognize stop codon .39
a) Cleavage Factors
b) Elongation Factors
c) Termination Factors
d) Release Factors

?The ribosome moves in blocks of how many nucleotides .40

a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4

?Which of the following would relax negatively supercoiled DNA .41

a) DNA gyrase
b) Type I topoisomerase
c) Collagen
d) Elastin

?What does the structural gene (y) of a lac operon code for .42
a) β-galactosidase
b) Transacetylase
c) Permease
d) Glucagon

?Which position of a codon is said to wobble .43

a) First
b) Second
c) Third
d) Fourth

?Which of the following transcription termination techniques has RNA dependent ATPase activity .44
a) Intercalating agents
b) Rho dependent
c) Rho independent
d) Rifampicin

:The coding strand of DNA has the same sequence as .45

a) rRNA
(b) mRNA (except U for T
c) tRNA
d) Template strand

:The process of replication in which each new molecule has one parental and one new strand is called .46
a) Conservative
b) Dispersive
c) Semiconservative
d) Random

?The enzyme photolyase is used in which repair .47

a) Base excision
b) Photoreactivation
c) Nucleotide excision
d) None

?Which site contains upstream sequences .48

a) Prior to start point
b) After the start point
c) Right border of DNA
d) Middle of DNA
 ?Which purine bases are found in DNA and RNA .49
a) Adenine and guanine
b) Cytosine and thymine
c) Adenine and thymine
d) Cytosine and guanine

?Which of the following is NOT a type of RNA .50

a) mRNA
b) rRNA
c) tRNA
d) DNA

?Which antibiotic inhibits peptidyl transferase activity in prokaryotes .51

a) Puromycin
b) Vancomycin
c) Tetracycline
d) Chloramphenicol

:The initiation codon is .52

a) AUG
b) UAA
c) UAG
d) UGA

:The lac operon is regulated by .53

a) Positive regulation
b) Negative regulation
c) Neutral regulation
d) Mixed

?What is the work of sigma factor in transcription .54

a) Helicase
b) Initiation
c) Elongation
d) Termination

?Which mutation replaces a purine with another purine .55

a) Nonsense
b) Silent
c) Transition
d) Transversion

?The ribosome reads mRNA in which direction .56

’a) 3’5
’b) 5’3
c) Both
d) Either

?How many structural genes are present in lac operon .57

a) 1
b) 3
c) 5
d) 7

.The base sequence of each parental strand is used to synthesize a new complementary strand .58
a) True
b) False

.The lagging strand is synthesized discontinuously .59

a) True
b) False

?Which of the following moves in blocks of 3 nucleotides .60

a) Ribosome
b) Ribozyme
c) Polymerase
d) Helicase

?Which of these statements are TRUE for a glycosidic bond .61

a) Sugar–base
b) Sugar–sugar
c) Sugar–phosphate
 d) Base–phosphate

:The poly A tail protects against .62

a) 3’5’ exonuclease
b) 5’3’ exonuclease
c) Translation
d) Export

?Which enzyme prevents supercoiling .63

a) Topoisomerase
b) Ligase
c) Helicase
d) Polymerase

:The 5’ cap nucleotide is .64

a) GDP
b) ADP
c) UDP
d) CDP

?”Which RNA is known as “adaptor .65

a) hnRNA
b) rRNA
c) mRNA
d) tRNA

?Which mutation has negligible effect .66

a) Silent
b) Frameshift
c) Substitution
d) Insertion

:The process by which foreign DNA enters bacteria is .67

a) Transformation
b) Transduction
c) Transcription
d) Translation

:Alpha Amanitin inhibits .68

a) Transcription
b) Translation
c) Replication
d) Repair

?What are telomeres .69

a) Ends of chromosomes
b) Start sites
c) Promoters
d) Introns

:Plasmids and bacteriophages have ability to replicate .70

a) Independently
b) Only in nucleus
c) Only in cytoplasm
d) With host only

:The TATA box helps in .71

a) Promoter recognition
b) Elongation
c) Termination
d) Repair

?Which polycistronic operon codes for enzymes to metabolize lactose .72

a) Lac operon
b) Trp operon
c) Ara operon
d) His operon

?Which of the following is a donor of methyl group in protein methylation .73

a) Methionine
b) Methane
c) O-adenosyl methionine
 d) S-adenosyl methionine

?Which enzymes mediate post-translational modifications .74

a) Kinases
b) Ligases
c) Phosphatases
d) Helicase

?Which is NOT a post-translational modification .75

a) Lipidation
b) Phosphorylation
c) Proteolytic processing
d) Catalysis

:Initiation factors are .76

a) Lipids
b) Proteins
c) Lipopolysaccharides
d) Phospholipids

:Suitable temperature for heat-shock treatment is .77

a) 100°C
b) 42°C
c) 0°C
d) 95°C

:Systemic Lupus Erythematosus is caused by .78

a) Splicing defect
b) Chromosome 13
c) Chromosome 21
d) Genetic mutation

:Down syndrome is caused by .79

a) Radiation
b) Genetic mutation
c) Chromosome 21 abnormality
d) Chromosome 13 abnormality

:Patau syndrome is associated with .80

a) Radiation
b) Chromosome 21
c) Chromosome 13
d) Mutation

:Hemophilia is caused by .81

a) Splicing error
b) Chromosome 21
c) Chromosome 13
d) Genetic mutation

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(Part 2 – Extended Match Questions (EMQs

:Match enzyme with function .82

( ) Restriction Endonucleases

( ) Helicase

( ) β-galactoside transacetylase

( ) DNA polymerase III

( ) Gyrase

:Options

Lac operon .1
 Polymerisation .2

Recombinant DNA .3

Supercoiling .4

Unwinding .5

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:Match disease with cause .83

( ) Down syndrome

( ) Cancers

( ) SLE

( ) Patau syndrome

( ) Hemophilia

:Options

Radiation .1

Genetic mutation .2

Chromosome 21 .3

Splicing defect .4

Chromosome 13 .5

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:Molecule-based EMQs .84

______ The sequence of DNA where replication starts is called .1

______ The process of foreign DNA entry into bacteria is called .2

______ Alpha Amanitin inhibits .3

.Plasmids and ______ replicate independently .4

______ Repetitive sequences at ends of chromosomes are .5

______ A mobile nucleic acid is .6

______ Transcription factors locate the .7

 ______ Removal of bases from chain is .8

______ Substitution of purine with pyrimidine is .9

______ Binding site for first aminoacyl-tRNA is .10

:Options
A. Bacteriophages
B. RNA
C. Promoter
D. Origin of replication
E. Transformation
F. Mushroom
G. Deletion
H. Transversion
I. A site
J. Telomeres