"_thread" --- Low-level threading API
*************************************
======================================================================
This module provides low-level primitives for working with multiple
threads (also called *light-weight processes* or *tasks*) --- multiple
threads of control sharing their global data space. For
synchronization, simple locks (also called *mutexes* or *binary
semaphores*) are provided. The "threading" module provides an easier
to use and higher-level threading API built on top of this module.
Changed in version 3.7: This module used to be optional, it is now
always available.
This module defines the following constants and functions:
exception _thread.error
Raised on thread-specific errors.
Changed in version 3.3: This is now a synonym of the built-in
"RuntimeError".
_thread.LockType
This is the type of lock objects.
_thread.start_new_thread(function, args[, kwargs])
Start a new thread and return its identifier. The thread executes
the function *function* with the argument list *args* (which must
be a tuple). The optional *kwargs* argument specifies a dictionary
of keyword arguments.
When the function returns, the thread silently exits.
When the function terminates with an unhandled exception,
"[Link]()" is called to handle the exception. The
*object* attribute of the hook argument is *function*. By default,
a stack trace is printed and then the thread exits (but other
threads continue to run).
When the function raises a "SystemExit" exception, it is silently
ignored.
Raises an auditing event "_thread.start_new_thread" with arguments
"function", "args", "kwargs".
Changed in version 3.8: "[Link]()" is now used to
handle unhandled exceptions.
_thread.interrupt_main(signum=[Link], /)
Simulate the effect of a signal arriving in the main thread. A
thread can use this function to interrupt the main thread, though
there is no guarantee that the interruption will happen
immediately.
If given, *signum* is the number of the signal to simulate. If
*signum* is not given, "[Link]" is simulated.
If the given signal isn't handled by Python (it was set to
"signal.SIG_DFL" or "signal.SIG_IGN"), this function does nothing.
Changed in version 3.10: The *signum* argument is added to
customize the signal number.
Note:
This does not emit the corresponding signal but schedules a call
to the associated handler (if it exists). If you want to truly
emit the signal, use "signal.raise_signal()".
_thread.exit()
Raise the "SystemExit" exception. When not caught, this will cause
the thread to exit silently.
_thread.allocate_lock()
Return a new lock object. Methods of locks are described below.
The lock is initially unlocked.
_thread.get_ident()
Return the 'thread identifier' of the current thread. This is a
nonzero integer. Its value has no direct meaning; it is intended
as a magic cookie to be used e.g. to index a dictionary of thread-
specific data. Thread identifiers may be recycled when a thread
exits and another thread is created.
_thread.get_native_id()
Return the native integral Thread ID of the current thread assigned
by the kernel. This is a non-negative integer. Its value may be
used to uniquely identify this particular thread system-wide (until
the thread terminates, after which the value may be recycled by the
OS).
Availability: Windows, FreeBSD, Linux, macOS, OpenBSD, NetBSD, AIX,
DragonFlyBSD, GNU/kFreeBSD.
Added in version 3.8.
Changed in version 3.13: Added support for GNU/kFreeBSD.
_thread.stack_size([size])
Return the thread stack size used when creating new threads. The
optional *size* argument specifies the stack size to be used for
subsequently created threads, and must be 0 (use platform or
configured default) or a positive integer value of at least 32,768
(32 KiB). If *size* is not specified, 0 is used. If changing the
thread stack size is unsupported, a "RuntimeError" is raised. If
the specified stack size is invalid, a "ValueError" is raised and
the stack size is unmodified. 32 KiB is currently the minimum
supported stack size value to guarantee sufficient stack space for
the interpreter itself. Note that some platforms may have
particular restrictions on values for the stack size, such as
requiring a minimum stack size > 32 KiB or requiring allocation in
multiples of the system memory page size - platform documentation
should be referred to for more information (4 KiB pages are common;
using multiples of 4096 for the stack size is the suggested
approach in the absence of more specific information).
Availability: Windows, pthreads.
Unix platforms with POSIX threads support.
_thread.TIMEOUT_MAX
The maximum value allowed for the *timeout* parameter of
"[Link]". Specifying a timeout greater than this value will
raise an "OverflowError".
Added in version 3.2.
Lock objects have the following methods:
[Link](blocking=True, timeout=-1)
Without any optional argument, this method acquires the lock
unconditionally, if necessary waiting until it is released by
another thread (only one thread at a time can acquire a lock ---
that's their reason for existence).
If the *blocking* argument is present, the action depends on its
value: if it is false, the lock is only acquired if it can be
acquired immediately without waiting, while if it is true, the lock
is acquired unconditionally as above.
If the floating-point *timeout* argument is present and positive,
it specifies the maximum wait time in seconds before returning. A
negative *timeout* argument specifies an unbounded wait. You
cannot specify a *timeout* if *blocking* is false.
The return value is "True" if the lock is acquired successfully,
"False" if not.
Changed in version 3.2: The *timeout* parameter is new.
Changed in version 3.2: Lock acquires can now be interrupted by
signals on POSIX.
Changed in version 3.14: Lock acquires can now be interrupted by
signals on Windows.
[Link]()
Releases the lock. The lock must have been acquired earlier, but
not necessarily by the same thread.
[Link]()
Return the status of the lock: "True" if it has been acquired by
some thread, "False" if not.
In addition to these methods, lock objects can also be used via the
"with" statement, e.g.:
import _thread
a_lock = _thread.allocate_lock()
with a_lock:
print("a_lock is locked while this executes")
**Caveats:**
* Interrupts always go to the main thread (the "KeyboardInterrupt"
exception will be received by that thread.)
* Calling "[Link]()" or raising the "SystemExit" exception is
equivalent to calling "_thread.exit()".
* When the main thread exits, it is system defined whether the other
threads survive. On most systems, they are killed without executing
"try" ... "finally" clauses or executing object destructors.