OB CH5
Instructions:
Read each question carefully and choose the correct answer. Good luck!
1. Which of the following best defines motivation?
A) The external factors that determine behavior
B) The psychological processes that underlie the direction, intensity, and
persistence of behavior or thought
C) The innate drive to seek rewards
D) The learned responses to environmental stimuli
Answer: B
2. What are the three key components of motivation according to the definition
provided?
A) Reward, recognition, and reinforcement
B) Direction, intensity, and persistence
C) Expectancy, instrumentality, and valence
D) Autonomy, mastery, and purpose
Answer: B
3. Extrinsic motivation is primarily driven by:
A) Internal satisfaction and personal growth
B) External rewards such as money and recognition
C) The desire for social acceptance
D) The need for self-actualization
Answer: B
4. Intrinsic motivation occurs when an individual is inspired by:
A) External rewards and recognition
B) The positive internal feelings generated by doing well
C) Social approval from peers
D) Achieving a balance between work and life
Answer: B
5. Which theory of motivation focuses on identifying internal factors such as needs
and satisfaction that energize employee motivation?
A) Process theories
B) Content theories
C) Equity theory
D) Expectancy theory
Answer: B
6. Process theories of motivation primarily explain:
A) How internal factors influence motivation
B) The role of external rewards in motivating behavior
C) The process by which internal factors and situational factors influence
motivation
D) The relationship between effort and performance
Answer: C
7. Which of the following is an example of a content theory of motivation?
A) Expectancy theory
B) Equity theory
C) Maslow’s Need Hierarchy
D) Goalsetting theory
Answer: C
8. According to McGregor’s Theory X, employees:
A) Are self-engaged, committed, responsible, and creative
B) Dislike work and must be monitored
C) Are motivated by intrinsic rewards
D) Prefer working on challenges
Answer: B
9. Theory Y assumes that employees:
A) Dislike work and avoid responsibility
B) Must be motivated with rewards and punishments
C) Are self-engaged, committed, responsible, and creative
D) Work only for monetary rewards
Answer: C
10. Maslow’s Need Hierarchy is arranged in which order from lowest to highest?
A) Physiological, safety, love, esteem, self-actualization
B) Safety, love, physiological, esteem, self-actualization
C) Love, physiological, safety, esteem, self-actualization
D) Esteem, safety, physiological, love, self-actualization
Answer: A
11. According to Maslow, once a need is satisfied, it:
A) Becomes stronger
B) Activates the next higher need in the hierarchy
C) Remains a primary motivator
D) Decreases in importance but can be reactivated
Answer: B
12. Which of the following is NOT one of the three needs in McClelland’s Acquired
Needs Theory?
A) Achievement
B) Affiliation
C) Power
D) Security
Answer: D
13. Individuals with a high need for achievement prefer:
A) Working in teams with cooperation
B) Working on challenging tasks where performance is due to effort and ability
C) Being in charge and controlling others
D) Receiving private praise
Answer: B
14. People with a high need for affiliation tend to:
A) Avoid conflict
B) Prefer working alone
C) Focus on task achievement
D) Seek public recognition
Answer: A
15. According to Self-Determination Theory, which need is NOT one of the three innate
needs?
A) Competence
B) Autonomy
C) Relatedness
D) Security
Answer: D
16. In Self-Determination Theory, the need for competence refers to:
A) The need to feel connected with others
B) The need to feel independent and have control over one’s actions
C) The need to feel efficacious and capable of completing tasks
D) The need to be recognized for achievements
Answer: C
17. Herzberg’s Motivator-Hygiene Theory suggests that job satisfaction and
dissatisfaction arise from:
A) The same set of factors
B) Different sets of factors
C) External rewards only
D) Intrinsic motivation only
Answer: B
18. According to Herzberg, hygiene factors:
A) Cause a person to move from dissatisfaction to satisfaction
B) Cause a person to move from no dissatisfaction to dissatisfaction
C) Include achievement and recognition
D) Are irrelevant to job satisfaction
Answer: B
19. Which of the following is considered a motivator in Herzberg’s theory?
A) Company policy
B) Salary
C) Responsibility
D) Working conditions
Answer: C
20. Equity theory is based on the concept of:
A) Needs and satisfaction
B) Fairness and justice in social exchanges
C) Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation
D) The hierarchy of needs
Answer: B
21. In Equity Theory, an individual’s perception of fairness is based on:
A) The absolute value of rewards received
B) The comparison of their output/input ratio with that of relevant others
C) The intrinsic value of their work
D) The amount of effort exerted
Answer: B
22. Distributive justice refers to:
A) The perceived fairness of the process and procedures used to make allocation
decisions
B) The quality of interpersonal treatment received
C) The perceived fairness of how resources and rewards are distributed
D) The perceived fairness of organizational policies
Answer: C
23. Procedural justice focuses on:
A) The fairness of resource distribution
B) The processes and procedures used to make allocation decisions
C) The outcomes of resource allocation
D) Interpersonal interactions during decision-making
Answer: B
24. According to Expectancy Theory, motivation is determined by:
A) The strength of an individual’s intrinsic needs
B) The perceived likelihood that effort will lead to performance and performance
will lead to desired outcomes
C) The fairness of organizational policies
D) The availability of external rewards
Answer: B
25. In Expectancy Theory, which element refers to the perceived relationship between
performance and outcomes?
A) Expectancy
B) Instrumentality
C) Valence
D) Equity
Answer: B
26. Valence in Expectancy Theory refers to:
A) The perceived likelihood of achieving performance goals
B) The positive or negative value of a reward or outcome
C) The perceived fairness of rewards distribution
D) The process of setting performance goals
Answer: B
27. Goalsetting theory suggests that goals are more effective when they are:
A) Easy and general
B) Specific and difficult
C) Vague and broad
D) Realistic and nonchallenging
Answer: B
28. Which of the following is NOT a motivational mechanism behind the power of goal
setting?
A) Goals direct attention
B) Goals decrease persistence
C) Goals regulate effort
D) Goals foster task strategies and action plans
Answer: B
29. To be effective, goals must be:
A) Easy to achieve
B) General and unspecific
C) Supported by ability and resources
D) Set by managers alone
Answer: C
30. According to Goal-Setting Theory, performance feedback and participation in goal
setting:
A) Are sufficient conditions for goal achievement
B) Are necessary but not sufficient for goal achievement
C) Are not important for goal achievement
D) Should be avoided to maintain autonomy
Answer: B