📌 Quick Revision:
1. Discuss briefly the types of taxes in Delhi Sultanate.
Answer: There were three types of taxes-
1. The tax levied on crops was called ‘kharaj’ which was about 50
percent of the peasant’s produce.
2. The second tax was on the cattle.
3. The third tax was on the Houses.
2. What did the new dynasties do to gain importance during 7th to
12th centuries?
New dynasties gained acceptance by:
● Performing rituals like hiranya-garbha.
● Marrying into influential families.
● Gaining recognition from priests and making land grants.
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3. “Irrigation works require planning- organising labour and
resources, maintaining these works.” Explain the statement in the
light of the chola empire.
Irrigation works in the Chola period required:
● Building tanks, canals, and wells.
● Organising local labour through village assemblies.
● Maintaining water channels collectively.
This shows a high degree of planning and community
participation in agricultural prosperity.
4. Define Humidity and its relation to the formation of clouds and
precipitation.
Humidity is the amount of water vapor in the air. When air becomes
saturated, clouds form, leading to precipitation.
5. What are minerals? How are they useful for mankind?
Minerals are naturally occurring substances with definite chemical
composition. They are useful for making tools, machinery, energy
resources, ornaments, and daily utilities.
6. Law that provides equal wages for equal work for both men and
women in India.
Equal remuneration act
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7. How does our constitution protect people from discrimination?
The Constitution protects against discrimination through:
● Right to Equality (Article 14)
● Prohibition of untouchability (Article 17)
● Equal access to public places and opportunities. (3)
8. Explain the approach of costa Rican in health.
Costa Rica abolished its army in 1949 and invested heavily in health
and education. Free healthcare, safe drinking water, sanitation, and
immunisation helped achieve high life expectancy.
9. Define legislative Assembly and also its features.
Legislative Assembly is the law-making body of a state. Functions:
● Making laws for the state.
● Controlling government policies and budget.
● Discussing public issues.
10. Verticle movement of Air
Convection
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11. Layer responsible for phenomena like clouds and rainfall occur.
Troposphere
12. Greenhouse effect gases:-
Methane,Carbon dioxide
13. As we go up,the pressure:
Decreases
14. Who were maha samantas?
Maha-Samantas were powerful Samantas (subordinate
rulers/feudatories) who gained military and administrative control and
sometimes declared independence.
15. Founder of chola dynasty:
Vijayalaya Chola
16. In 13th century Hindustan term is used by:
Minhaj-i-siraj
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