LITTERING

Cause Solution
- People are unaware of the consequences - There should be harsher punishment for
of littering people who litter
- People are irresponsible and do not have - The government should provide more
enough respect for the environment bins in public area
- People develop bad habit of dropping - Children should be educated in school
litter whenever they want rather than about the effects of littering
disposing of it properly - The government should run
- There are not enough easily available campaign/encourage organization to run
trash cans in cities and towns campaign against littering
- There is no strict measure to penalize
people who litter

Vocab:

- Severe
- To be likely to behave in a particular way
- To not suffer any bad consequences after doing sth wrong
- To see sb while they are doing sth wrong = to catch them in the act
- To throw away sth that you no longer need or want

HOMELESSNESS

Cause Solution
- Housing price is too expensive for some - Provide supports for homeless
people people/people escaping abuse.
- Unemployment and poverty can push - Provide affordable home for unemployed
people to live on the streets or low-income people
- Toxic family environment/physical and
mental abuse can force people to run
away

Vocab:

- Affordable
- Accommodation
- Social exclusion
- Permanent supportive housing

TRADITIONAL LIFESTYLES

Reason why they are important

 Traditional lifestyles contain value and meaning passed down from generations to generations
 Understand more about our ancestors/forefathers
We can gain useful insight about our natural world and how to use them to help with our daily
activities like cooking, healing, …
 Still useful and important in today’s world
Attracting tourists, foster one’s country economic

Vocab:

- Fall back on: được hỗ trợ, sử dụng khi gặp khó khan
 Should the modern world crash, we will need to fall back on the traditional ways ol life
- A direct link to out past
- Selflessness, loyalty, respect for elders and humility
- Cultural heritage

They are being lost

Cause Solution
- Globalization and urbanization is - Traditional lessons should be encouraged
happening at a fast pace. The youth are in school as part of the curriculum
more engaged in modern lifestyle. - Government should:
- People are unaware of the traditional + foster/raise fund for hosting traditional
lifestyles’ value events, engage cultural aspects in
tourism
+ provide financial aid to keep local, rural
communities alive
- The media should make a point of putting
a positive spin on traditional lifestyles

Vocab:

- To put a positive spin on sth: To twist a report or story to one's advantage; to interpret and
event to make it seem favorable or beneficial to oneself or one's cause.
- To be made aware
- As part of the curriculum
- Urbanization

PEOPLE MOVING FROM RURAL TO URBAN AREAS

Cause Effect
- Urban areas are more convenient because - Cities struggle with overpopulation
of the development of supermarkets,  Living condition reduced, hard to find job,
multifunctional complex, … increased crime rate
- Urban areas provide more job opportunities  Only high income group will find a good
and more accommodations place to live
 Chances to better themselves - Underpopulation in rural areas will affect
 - Educational and medical facilities are of a agriculture production and local
better standard in a city communities.
 Brighter future for children
- Rural areas’ living condition are becoming
more and more neglected by the
government
 Can not meet the living standard for most
people

Vocab:

- Overpopulation >< underpopulation

- Facilities
- High income group
- To plummet: to fall very quickly and suddenly
- To rocket: to rise very quickly and suddenly
- A lack of = not enough = insufficient = a shortage of = a dearth of
- A glut of = to many = a surfeit of = a surplus of

RULES

With rules Without rules

- People aware there will be consequences - No consequences
and punishment  Crime rate will rocket uncontrollably
 Behave in a right and acceptable way - There would be no safety in communities
 Individuals and society can function  Society would be thrown into complete
better when given guidelines disarray
- Rules protect vulnerable people and keep  No longer society
everyone safe

Vocab:

- Guidelines
- To function
- Vulnerable people
- To be thrown into complete disarray: a state of disorganization or untidiness.
- Rules = regulation = law = order = under control = government power
- Chaotic
- Defenseless
- Put sb off doing sth: cause someone to lose interest or enthusiasm

CULTURAL DIVERSITY

For Against
 - Foster a sense of tolerant towards - Loss of cultural uniqueness / cultural
others’ beliefs. Children will learn that all identity
people and beliefs are equal - There may be cultural clashes/religious
 The world will become more peaceful clashes, or cultures might start
and homogeneous competing against each other for
- Innovation can give new perspectives and predominance
different cultural outlooks  result in violence
 Society will become more integrated

Vocab:

- tolerant
- homogeneous
- cultural outlooks
- integrated: with two or more things combined in order to become more effective
- Cultural identity
- Cultural/religious clash
- To compete for predominance

HAPPINESS

Factors influencing happiness

- Having basic human needs met + having human rights upheld
- Money can affect happiness, but how much money is needed depends on each individual
- Strong family ties are considered essential to happiness as human beings are social creatures
and not meant to live in isolation
- To lose health can be a source of misery and unhappiness

Vocab:

- Uphold: ủng hộ, tán thành, giữ gìn, duy trì, giữ vững tinh thần
- Human needs
- Human rights
- Strong family ties
- Social creatures
- To live in isolation
- A source of misery and unhappiness

UTOPIA

Definition Benefits
- A perfect world where people feel - Provide free health care for all citizens
happy and safe regardless of income or age
- Crimes are non-existent - Obey laws -> form a stable society, create a
 - A place without corruption, greed, or sense of security
selfishness - Promote family value and strong bonds
- People are able to live life to the full between neighbours. Create close-knit
and enjoy perfect health communities that support each other.

Vocab:

- Non-existent
- Live to the full
- Close-knit
- Stable society
- Corruption, greed, selfishness
- In time of crisis
- To forge (a relationship or new conditions)

GENERATION GAP

Cause Effect Solution

- Miscommunication - Weak family ties - Create mutual
between parents and - Conflict between connection by
children parents and children communicating
- Differences in lifestyle + Parents should open
then and now their mind to the
- changes in modern
lifestyles
+ Children should lend
an ear to their parents’
story, feel empathy
with their past

Vocab:

- Age gap
-