92. A nurse is directed to administer a hypotonic c.
the client with hyperaldosteronism
intravenous solution. Looking at the following d. the client who is taking corticosteroids
labeled solutions, the nurse should choose:
a. 0.33% sodium chloride. 70. For a nurse caring for a client during severe
b. 0.90% sodium chloride. episodes of hypocalcemia, one of the main focus
c. 5% dextrose in normal saline solution. of the teaching would be the inhibition which of
d. 5% dextrose in water. the following substances
a. Alcohol & Caffeine
62. The nurse is caring for a client with b. Ascorbic acid
congestive heart failure. On assessment, the c. Fatty food
nurse notes that the client is dyspneic and that d. Vitamin D
crackles are audible on auscultation. The nurse
suspects excess fluid volume. What additional 65. A nurse taking care of a 65-year old female
signs would the nurse expect to note in this client patient in a medical surgical unit who is in renal
if excess fluid volume is present? failure. During the assessment the patient
a. Weight loss complains of tingling in her lips and fingers. When
b. Flat neck and hand veins the nurse takes her blood pressure, she has a
c. An increase in blood pressure spasm in her wrist and hand. The nurse suspects:
d. A decreased central venous pressure a. hyperkalemia
(CVP) b. hypermagnesemia
c. hypocalcemia
85. A patient is being discharged home after d. hypophosphatemia
hospitalization with hypocalcemia. Which
statement by the patient indicates she understood 76. The parathyroid hormone plays a major role in
the dietary instructions? the calcium regulation of the body. The further
a. "I will avoid sardines. effects of the hormone in excess would be
b. "I'll avoid salt and Vitamin-D a. Increased gastric and intestinal absorption
supplements." of calcium
c. "I will tell my husband to only purchase b. Decreased intestinal and oral absorption
skim milk." of calcium
d. "I will be sure to eat lots of cheese, tofu c. Increased intestinal and renal calcium
and spinach." absorption
d. None of the above
36. The nurse is infusing a hypotonic solution into
her client. 49. What characterizes the process of diffusion?
The nurse knows that this type of solution will a. Solutes move from an area of higher
affect her client's fluid status by: solute concentration to an area of lower
a. Decreasing water content in the blood concentration
vessels b. There is no movement of solutes
b. Not changing water content in the blood c. Solutes move from an area of lower
vessels concentration to an area of higher
c. Increasing water content in the blood concentration
vessels d. Hydrostatic pressure forces solutes
d. Drawing water into the blood vessels through a semipermeable membrane
55. A nurse caring for a group of clients reviews
the electrolyte laboratory results and notes a
sodium level of 130 mEq/L on one client's 38. Which client situation requires the nurse to
laboratory reports. The nurse understand that discuss the importance of avoiding foods high in
which client is at most risk for the development of potassium?
sodium value at this level? a. A 14-year-old who is taking diuretics.
a. the client with renal failure b. A 16-year-old with ileostomy.
b. the client who is taking diuretics c. A 16-year-old with metabolic acidosis.
d. An 18-year-old who has renal disease. d. Hypomagnesemia
42. The physician has ordered IV replacement of 4. The nurse prepares to administer potassium IV.
potassium for a patient with severe hypokalemia. What’s correct
The nurse would administer this: a. Give undiluted by IV push
a. By rapid bolus b. Always use infusion pump
b. Diluted in 100 cc over 1 hour c. Infuse rapidly for quick effect
c. Diluted in 10 cc over 10 minutes d. Give without monitoring cardiac rhythm
d. IV push
5. A client has Ca²⁺ = 6.5 mg/dL. Which finding is
30. Patient X is diagnosed with constipation. As a expected?
knowledgeable nurse, which nursing intervention a. Positive Trousseau’s sign
is appropriate for maintaining normal bowel b. Negative Chvostek’s sign
function? c. Constipation
a. Assessing dietary intake d. Lethargy
b. Decreasing fluid intake
c. Providing limited physical activity 6. Which client is most at risk for fluid volume
d. Turning, coughing, and deep breathing deficit?
a. Post-op with NG tube suction
33. A patient with tented skin turgor, dry mucous b. CHF patient on diuretics
membranes, and decreased urinary output is c. End-stage renal failure
under nurse Mark's care. Which nursing d. Client with SIADH
intervention should be included in the care plan of
Mark for his patient? 7. Which lab confirms dehydration?
a. Administering I.V. and oral fluids. a. Low urine specific gravity
b. Clustering necessary activities throughout b. Low hematocrit
the day. c. Elevated BUN and hematocrit
c. Assessing color, odor, and amount of d. Decreased serum sodium
sputum.
d. Monitoring serum albumin and total 8. The nurse finds K⁺ = 2.8 mEq/L. Which
protein levels. symptom is expected?
CHATGPT Qs: a. Tall peaked T waves
b. Muscle weakness
[Link] nurse reviews labs: Na⁺ = 120 mEq/L. c. Diarrhea
Which sign is expected? d. Hyperreflexia
a. Thirst
9. Which IV solution is isotonic?
b. Muscle cramps
c. Bounding pulse a. 0.9% NaCl
d. Dry mucous membranes b. 0.33% NaCl
c. D5W after metabolism
2. A nurse infusing a hypotonic solution knows d. 3% NaCl
this will:
a. Decrease water content in blood vessels 10. The nurse is caring for a client with
b. Not change vascular water content hypernatremia. Which is the priority intervention?
c. Increase water content in blood vessels
d. Draw water into blood vessels a. Give oral salt tablets
b. Encourage water intake
3. Which electrolyte imbalance is most likely to c. Administer 3% saline
cause cardiac arrest? d. Restrict free water
a. Hypernatremia
b. Hypocalcemia 11. A client with low magnesium is at risk for:
c. Hyperkalemia
a. Hypotension and bradycardia c. Hypernatremia
b. Seizures and arrhythmias d. Hypermagnesemia
c. Constipation
d. Fluid retention 19. The nurse is teaching about foods rich in
potassium. Which food should be included?
12. The nurse observes Chvostek’s sign. Which
imbalance is suspected? a. Apples
b. Bananas
a. Hypercalcemia c. Rice
b. Hypocalcemia d. Chicken
c. Hypernatremia
d. Hypermagnesemia 20. Which electrolyte imbalance is commonly
associated with alcoholism?
13. Which assessment finding indicates fluid
overload? a. Hyperkalemia
b. Hypomagnesemia
a. Flat neck veins c. Hypercalcemia
b. Crackles in lungs d. Hypernatremia
c. Hypotension
d. Dry mucous membranes 21. A client on diuretics has muscle weakness
and leg cramps. Which imbalance is likely?
14. Which IV solution treats cerebral edema?
a. Hypernatremia
a. 0.45% NaCI b. Hypokalemia
b. 0.9% NaCl c. Hypermagnesemia
c. 3% NaCl d. Hypercalcemia
d. D5W
22. Which condition is associated with metabolic
15. A client’s Na⁺ = 150 mEq/L. What’s most alkalosis?
appropriate?
a. Severe diarrhea
a. Restrict fluids b. Prolonged vomiting
b. Give hypotonic IV solution c. Diabetic ketoacidosis
c. Administer sodium tablets d. Renal failure
d. Encourage salty snacks
23. Which is a sign of fluid volume deficit?
16. Which client is most at risk for hyperkalemia?
a. Bounding pulse
a. Patient on loop diuretics b. Hypotension
b. Client with severe burns c. Crackles in lungs
c. Client with prolonged vomiting d. Jugular vein distension
d. Patient with NG suction
24. A client has hypercalcemia. Which
17. The nurse notes flattened T waves on ECG. intervention is most appropriate?
Which electrolyte is low?
a. Encourage fluid intake
a. Sodium b. Restrict movement
b. Calcium c. Increase vitamin D intake
c. Potassium d. Administer calcium supplements
d. Magnesium
25. The nurse is caring for a client with SIADH.
18. Which electrolyte imbalance causes tetany? Which IV fluid is appropriate?
a. Hyperkalemia a. 0.9% NaCl
b. Hypocalcemia b. 0.45% NaCl
c. D5W d. D5NS
d. 3% NaCl
33. A patient with Addison’s disease is at risk for:
26. Which electrolyte imbalance can cause
laryngeal stridor? a. Hypernatremia and hypokalemia
b. Hyponatremia and hyperkalemia
a. Hypocalcemia c. Hypernatremia and hyperkalemia
b. Hyperkalemia d. Hyponatremia and hypocalcemia
c. Hyponatremia
d. Hypermagnesemia 34. Which electrolyte imbalance causes
decreased reflexes and lethargy?
27. Which sign indicates hyperkalemia on ECG?
a. Hypercalcemia
a. U waves b. Hypocalcemia
b. Tall peaked T waves c. Hypomagnesemia
c. Flattened P waves d. Hyponatremia
d. Shortened QT interval
35. A client with diarrhea for 3 days is most likely
28. A client is prescribed IV magnesium sulfate. to have:
The nurse should monitor for:
a. Metabolic acidosis
a. Hypotension and bradycardia b. Metabolic alkalosis
b. Seizures c. Respiratory acidosis
c. Tetany d. Respiratory alkalosis
d. Positive Chvostek’s sign
29. A patient with renal failure is most at risk for:
a. Hyponatremia
b. Hypocalcemia 36. A patient on furosemide is at risk for:
c. Hyperkalemia
d. Both b and c a. Hyperkalemia
b. Hypokalemia
30. Which lab indicates dehydration? c. Hypernatremia
d. Hypercalcemia
a. Na⁺ = 140 mEq/L
b. BUN = 30 mg/dL 37. A client has Na⁺ = 128 mEq/L. Which is
c. Hct = 35% priority?
d. K⁺ = 4.0 mEq/L
a. Institute seizure precautions
31. The nurse suspects hypokalemia. Which b. Restrict fluids
assessment is most important? c. Encourage sports drinks
d. Administer potassium supplements
a. Lung sounds
b. Cardiac rhythm 38. A patient with hypermagnesemia may require
c. Deep tendon reflexes administration of:
d. Skin turgor
a. Potassium chloride
32. Which solution should not be given to a b. Calcium gluconate
patient with increased intracranial pressure c. Sodium bicarbonate
(ICP)? d. Insulin and glucose
a. 0.9% NaCl 39. Which is a symptom of fluid volume overload?
b. 3% NaCl
c. 0.45% NaCl a. Sunken eyeballs
b. Decreased urine output c. Crackles in lungs
c. Crackles and edema d. Bounding pulse
d. Hypotension
47. Which lab value requires immediate
40. Which electrolyte imbalance is common in intervention?
clients with nasogastric suctioning?
a. Na⁺ = 142 mEq/L
a. Hyperkalemia b. K⁺ = 6.8 mEq/L
b. Hypokalemia c. Ca²⁺ = 9.0 mg/dL
c. Hypernatremia d. Mg²⁺ = 2.0 mEq/L
d. Hypocalcemia
48. Which electrolyte imbalance is common in
41. Which assessment best evaluates fluid clients with massive blood transfusion?
balance?
a. Hyperkalemia
a. Daily weight b. Hypocalcemia
b. Blood pressure c. Hypermagnesemia
c. Skin turgor d. Hyponatremia
d. Intake and output
42. Which fluid is best for resuscitation in
hypovolemic shock?
a. 0.9% NaCI
b. 0.45% NaCl
c. D5W
d. D5 0.45% NaCl
43. Which is a cause of hypernatremia?
a. Excessive water intake
b. Heart failure
c. Diabetes insipidus
d. Addison’s disease
44. Which sign is seen in hypomagnesemia?
a. Muscle twitching
b. Hypotension
c. Bradycardia
d. Depressed reflexes
45. The nurse should hold digoxin if the client has
which electrolyte imbalance?
a. Hypokalemia
b. Hypernatremia
c. Hypercalcemia
d. Hypermagnesemia
46. Which finding is consistent with dehydration in
an elderly client?
a. Decreased urine specific gravity
b. Flat neck veins