Signals and Systems

EEE 4601
Sheikh Montasir Mahbub
Lecturer,
Dept of EEE, IUT

Module 2
Linear Time Invariant System

LTI System has both the properties-

• Time Invariance
• Linearity

Example : Electrical Circuit

LTI System : Decomposition of DT signal
LTI System : Decomposition of DT signal

δ[0]=1
X[0]=1.5
x[0]*δ[n]=1.5
LTI System : Decomposition of DT signal

x[0] *δ[n] =1.5

LTI System : Decomposition of DT signal
LTI System : Decomposition of DT signal
LTI System : Decomposition of DT signal
LTI System : Decomposition of DT signal

X[n] = x[-2]*δ[n+2] + x[-1]*δ[n+1] + x[0]*δ[n] +

x[1]*δ[n-1] + x[2]*δ[n-2] + x[3]*δ[n+3]

∞
풙풏 = ∑ 풙[풌] δ[n-k]
LTI System : Decomposition of DT signal

h[n-k]
Impulse Response of a system

LTI System Can be any discrete time signal

δ[n-k]
For Example:
LTI System : Decomposition of DT signal

∞
LTI System
y풏 = ∑ 풙[풌] h[n-k]
Convolution
− ∞ Sum
∞
풙풏 = ∑
−∞
풙[풌] δ[n-k]
 y풏?

∞ ∞
풙풏 = ∑
−∞
풙[풌] δ[n-k] y풏 = ∑
−∞
풙[풌] h[n-k]
x[k]

h[k]

k
n=0

Sum of the
products
n=1
k

Sum of the
k products
n=2
k

Sum of the
products
k
n=3
k

Sum of the
products
k
n=4
k

k
Sum of the
products
n=5
k

Sum of the
k products
x[k]

k -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
k
yퟎ = ∑풙[풌] h[-k] x(k) 2 1.5 -0.5
h(k) 0.5 0 1.5
h(-k) 1.5 0 0.5
k yퟏ = ∑풙[풌] h[1-k] h (-1-k)
h (-k)
1.5 0
1.5
0.5
0 0.5
h (1-k) 1.5 0 0.5
h (2-k) 1.5 0 0.5
k
yퟐ = ∑풙[풌] h[2-k] h (3-k) 1.5 0 0.5
h (4-k) 1.5 0 0.5
h (5-k) 1.5 0 0.5
k
yퟑ = ∑풙[풌] h[3-k]
k
yퟒ = ∑풙[풌] h[4-k]

k
yퟓ = ∑풙[풌] h[5-k]
y풏?
Sum of the y(-1)=1
products
Sum of the y(0)=2+2
products
=4
Sum of the y(1)=1+4+3
products
=8
Sum of the
products
y(2)=2+6+1-1
=8
Sum of the
products y(3)=-2+3+2
=3
Sum of the
products y(4)=-3+1
= -2
Sum of the
products y(5)=-1
Numerical Problem

x[n]={4,-0.5,1,0,1,2}

h[n]= {3,1,-2,-1}
LTI System : Decomposition of CT signal

풙(풕)
∞
= ∫
−∞
풙(휏)δ(t − 휏)d휏

∞
LTI System : Convolution of CT signal

Convolution Sum
LTI System
y(풕)
∞
= ∫
−∞
풙(휏)h(t − 휏)d휏

∞
LTI System : Convolution of CT signal

Convolution Sum
LTI System
y(풕)
∞
= ∫
−∞
풙(휏)h(t − 휏)d휏

x(t) h(t) 풚 풕 = 풙 풕 ∗ 풉(풕)

Convolution of CT signal
Convolution of CT signal

t<0 1<t<2

g(t) f(t) g(t)

f(t)

0 2 0 t-1 t 2
t-1 t
2<t<3
0<t<1
f(t) f(t) g(t)
g(t)

t-1 t 2 0 t-1 2 t
0
Convolution of CT signal
Convolution of CT signal
Convolution of CT signal
Convolution of CT signal
Numerical Problems

h(t)
x(t)

0 T 0 2T
Numerical Problems

Calculate and Sketch f(t) * g(t)

Properties of Convolution

• Commutative Property
푥1 푡 ∗ 푥2 푡 = 푥2 푡 ∗ 푥1(푡)

• Associative Property
[푥1 푡 ∗ 푥2 푡 ] ∗ 푥3 푡 = 푥1 푡 ∗ [푥2 푡 ∗ 푥3 푡 ]

• Distributive Property
푥1 푡 ∗ [푥2 푡 + 푥3 푡 ] = [푥1 푡 ∗ 푥2 푡 ] + [푥1 푡 ∗ 푥3 푡 ]
Properties of Convolution
Thank You !!!