Aa¨vq-2: †f±i

†f±i ivwk
†h mKj †fŠZ ivwk‡K m¤•Y©iƒ‡c cÖKv‡ki Rb¨ gvb I w`K DfqB cÖ‡qvRb nq
Zv‡`i‡K †f±i ivwk ev w`K ivwk e‡j|
D`vniY : ej, †eM, Z¡iY BZ¨vw` †f±i ivwk|

†¯‹jvi ivwk
†h mKj †fŠZ ivwk‡K m¤•Y©iƒ‡c cÖKv‡ki Rb¨ ïay gvbB h‡_ó, w`‡Ki †Kvb
cÖ‡qvRb nq bv Zv‡`i‡K †¯‹jvi ivwk ev Aw`K ivwk ejv nq|
D`vniY : `ª“wZ, ˆ`N¨©, fi, mgq BZ¨vw` †¯‹jvi ivwk|

†f±i ivwk I †¯‹jvi ivwki cv_©K¨

b cv_©‡K¨i welq †f±i ivwk †¯‹jvi ivwk
s
1. gvb I w`K DfqB Av‡Q| gvb Av‡Q, w`K †bB|
2. †hvM, we‡qvM, ¯^vfvweK exRMvwYwZK ¯^vfvweK
¸Y, fvM wbq‡g Kiv hvq bv| exRMvwYwZK wbq‡g
Kiv hvq|
3. `ywU ivwki †f±i ivwk A_ev †¯‹jvi me©`vB GKwU †¯‹jvi
¸Yd‡ji cÖK…wZ ivwk DfqB n‡Z cv‡i| ivwk|
4. ¸Yd‡ji gvb `ywU †f±i ivwki g‡a¨ `ywU †¯‹jvi ivwki
†KvbwUi gvb kb¨ bv n‡jI g‡a¨ AšZ GKwU ivwki
¸Ydj kb¨ n‡Z cv‡i| gvb kb¨ bv n‡j ¸Ydj
KLbI kb¨ n‡e bv|
5. cwieZ©b ïay gvb A_ev ïay w`K ïay gv‡bi cwieZ©‡b
A_ev gvb I w`K Df‡qi cwiewZ©Z nq|
cwieZ©‡b cwiewZ©Z
nq|

i. GK‡iLx †f±i
msÁv : GKB †iLvq Aew¯’Z GKvwaK †f±i‡K GK‡iLx ev mg‡iL ev mg-
ˆiwLK †f±i e‡j|
D`vniY : wP‡Î, , , , †f±i PviwU GK‡iLx †f±i|
O D
A B C
ii. gy³ †f±i
msÁv : †h †f±‡ii Avw` we›`y wbw`©ó bq
Zv‡K gy³ †f±i ev ¯^vaxb †f±i e‡j| a
D`vniY : wP‡Î, GKwU gy³ †f±i ev
¯^vaxb †f±i|
iii. mxgve× †f±i
msÁv : †h †f±‡ii Avw` we›`y †Kv_vq n‡e
Zv w¯’i _v‡K Zv‡K mxgve× †f±i e‡j| P
O B
 D`vniY : O we›`y‡Z ej OB eivei wµqv K‡i
eySv‡j †f±i mxgve× †f±i hvi cv`we›`y O|
iv. kb¨ ev bvj †f±i
msÁv : †h †f±‡ii gvb kb¨ Zv‡K kb¨ ev bvj †f±i e‡j| G †f±‡ii Avw` I †kl
we›`y GKB we›`y‡Z Aew¯’Z|
v. mgvb †f±i
msÁv : `ywU †f±‡ii gvb mgvb I w`K GKB
w`‡K n‡j Zv‡`i GKwU‡K AciwUi mgvb †f±i A
ev mg‡f±i e‡j|
B
D`vniY : wP‡Î, I mgvb †f±i| A_©vr,

vi. wecixZ †f±i

msÁv : `ywU †f±‡ii gvb mgvb wKšz w`K P
wecixZ n‡j Zv‡`i GKwU‡K AciwUi wecixZ
†f±i e‡j|
D`vniY : wP‡Î, I ci¯•i wecixZ †f±i| Q
A_©vr,
vii. mgZjxq †f±i
`yB ev Z‡ZvwaK †f±i GKB Z‡j Aew¯’Z _vK‡j Zv‡`i‡K mgZjxq †f±i e‡j|
D`vniY : wP‡Î , I wZbwU †f±i KvM‡Ri Z‡j Aew¯’Z| Kv‡RB Giv
mgZjxq †f±i|

 
C B

A

wPÎ : mgZjxq †f±i

viii. Ae¯’vb †f±i
cÖm½ KvVv‡gvi gj we›`yi mv‡c‡¶ Ab¨ †Kvb we›`yi Ae¯’vb wbY©‡qi
Rb¨ †h †f±i e¨envi Kiv nq Zv‡K Ae¯’vb †f±i e‡j|
e¨vL¨v : wP‡Î O n‡”Q cÖm½ KvVv‡gvi gj we›`y Ges P †h †Kvb GKwU
we›`y|
Y P


r
O X

wPÎ : Ae¯’vb
†f±i
†f±iwU O we›`yi mv‡c‡¶ P we›`yi Ae¯’vb wb‡`©k Ki‡Q| ZvB
GKwU Ae¯’vb †f±i| Ae¯’vb †f±i‡K A‡bK mgq e¨vmva©
Y †f±i Øviv
cÖKvk Kiv nq| j
A_©vr, =
x. AvqZvKvi ev AvqZ GKK †f±i
i
O X

k
Z
 wÎgvwÎK ¯’vbv¼ e¨e¯’vq abvÍK X, Y
Ges Z A‡¶i w`‡K e¨eüZ h_vµ‡g , Ges
GKK †f±i¸‡jv‡K AvqZvKvi ev AvqZ
GKK †f±i e‡j|

†f±i †hv‡Mi wÎfzR mÎ

wee„wZ : `ywU †f±i‡K GKwU wÎfz‡Ri `ywU mwbœwnZ evû Øviv GKB µ‡g
w`‡K I gv‡b wb‡`©k Ki‡j wÎfzRwUi Z…Zxq evû wecixZ µ‡g w`‡K I gv‡b D³
†f±i `ywUi jwä wb‡`©k K‡i|
e¨vL¨v : awi, I GKB RvZxq `ywU †f±i|
C

A B
ABC wÎfz‡Ri AB Ges BC evû h_vµ‡g †f±i I †K wb‡`©k K‡i|
mÎvbymv‡i, = +
ev, = + †hLv‡b,

MvwYwZK c×wZ‡Z `ywU †f±‡ii †hvMdj wbY©q

g‡bKwi, I `ywU †f±i| G‡`i †hvMdj wbY©q Ki‡Z n‡e|
awi, I †f±iØq ABC Gi AB I BC evû Øviv w`‡K I gv‡b mwPZ| A_©vr =
, =
myZivs wÎfzR mÎ Abyhvqx I Gi jwä †K AC evû C
Øviv w`‡K I gv‡b mwPZ Kiv hvq|
A_©vr, Ges jwä †f±i Gi w`K n‡e AC eivei|
C we›`y n‡Z AB Gi ewa©Zvs‡ki Dci CD j¤^ AuvwK| c
mg‡KvYx wÎfzR ACD n‡Z,
b
AC2 = AD2 + CD2 [cx_v‡Mviv‡mi Dccv`¨ Abymv‡i]

ev, AC = (AB + BD) + CD
2 2 2

ev, AC = AB + 2 [Link] + BD +CD
2 2 2 2 A
B D
ev, AC = AB + [Link]. BC cos  + (BD + CD )
2 2 2 2
 BDCa mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡R
cos  =
ev, AC2 = AB2 + 2 AB. BC cos  + BC2 [ BCD G, BC2 = BD2 + CD2]
ev, AC2 = AB2 + BC2 + 2AB. BC cos 
ev, AC =
ev,
ev,
A_©vr, [†hLv‡b n‡jv I †f±i؇qi wµqv‡iLvi
ga¨eZ©x †KvY]

mvgvšwiK mÎ
†Kvb we›`y‡Z wµqviZ `ywU †f±i‡K GKwU mvgvšwi‡Ki `ywU mwbœwnZ
evû Øviv gv‡b I w`‡K wb‡`©k Ki‡j mvgvšwi‡Ki H we›`yMvgx KY©B gv‡b I
w`‡K G‡`i jwä wb‡`©k K‡i|
e¨vL¨v : g‡bKwi, I †f±iØq OACB mvgvšwi‡Ki OA I OB mwbœwnZ
evûØq Øviv wb‡`©wkZ|
myZivs mvgvšwi‡Ki KY© OC †f±i `ywUi jwä wb‡`©k K‡i|
A_©vr jwä,
jwäi gvb wbY©q
awi, I Gi wµqv‡iLvi ga¨eZx© †KvY |
A_©vr, AOB = | B C
C we›`y †_‡K OA Gi ewa©Zvs‡ki Dci CD j¤^ AuvwK|
OB  AC Q R
 AOB =CAD=  Q

mg‡KvYx wÎfzR OCD n‡Z, 

OC2 = OD2 + CD2 O A D
= (OA + AD)2 + CD2 P
2 2 2
= OA + [Link]. AD + AD +CD
= OA2 + [Link]. AD + AC2 [  ACD G, AC2 = AD2 + CD2]

= OA2 + AC2 + [Link]. AC cos [ mg‡KvYx ACD-G, ]

A_©vr, R 2 2 2
= P + Q + 2PQ cos
ev, R =
 jwäi gvb,
jwäi w`K wbY©q
awi, jwä , †f±‡ii mwnZ  †KvY Drcbœ K‡i| A_©vr, COD = 

GLb, OCD n‡Z, tan =

=  mg‡KvYx ACD-G ,

  = tan1

†`LvI †h, †Kvb we›`y‡Z wµqvkxj `ywU †f±i ivwki jwäi m‡e©v”P gvb
I me©wbæ gvb h_vµ‡g ivwk `ywUi †hvMdj I we‡qvMd‡ji mgvb|
g‡b Kwi, †f±i I Gi ga¨eZx© †KvY | †`Lv‡Z n‡e †h, GKwU we›`y‡Z
wµqvkxj I †f±i `ywUi m‡e©v”P I me©wbæ gvb h_vµ‡g I Gi gv‡bi
†hvMdj I we‡qvMd‡ji mgvb|
cÖgvY : mvgvšwiK mÎvbymv‡i †f±i؇qi jwäi gvb,
R= .................... (i)
wbw`©ó †f±i؇qi Rb¨ P I Q Gi gvb aª“eK| myZivs (i) bs mgxKiY n‡Z †`Lv hvq
jwäi gvb  Gi Dci wbf©ikxj| cos Gi gvb me©vwaK n‡j R Gi gvb me©vwaK
n‡e Ges cos Gi gvb me©wbæ n‡j R Gi gvb me©wbæ n‡e|
jwäi m‡e©v”P gvb : Avgiv Rvwb, cos Gi me©vwaK gvb Ô+1Õ| hLb  = 0°
nq ZLb cos =1 nq| A_©vr †f±i ivwkØq GKB w`‡K wµqvkxj n‡j jwäi gvb
me©vwaK nq|
 Rmax =
=
 =
= =P+Q
AZGe, jwäi m‡e©v”P gvb †f±i؇qi gv‡bi †hvMd‡ji mgvb|
jwäi me©wbæ gvb : Avgiv Rvwb, cos Gi me©wbæ gvb ‘1’| hLb  = 180°
ZLb cos = 1 nq| A_©vr, †f±iØq wecixZ w`‡K wµqvkxj n‡j jwäi gvb
me©wbæ nq|
 Rmin =
=
= =P~Q
AZGe, jwäi me©wbæ gvb †f±i؇qi gv‡bi we‡qvMd‡ji mgvb| (cÖgvwYZ)
cÖgvY Ki †h, mgvb mgvb †f±‡ii jwä Dnv‡`i wµqv †iLvi ga¨eZx©
†KvY‡K mgwØLwÊZ K‡i|
A_ev, †`LvI †h, mgvb mgvb †f±‡ii jwäi wµqvi w`K †f±i؇qi ga¨eZx©
†Kv‡Yi mgwØLÊK eivei|

awi, P gv‡bi `ywU †f±i O we›`y‡Z h_vµ‡g OA I OB eivei wµqviZ| cÖgvY Ki‡Z
n‡e †h, †f±i؇qi jwäi wµqvi w`K, ga¨eZx© †KvY  †K mgwØLwÊZ K‡i|
cÖgvY : G‡`i ga¨eZ©x †KvY | G‡`i jwäi wµqv †iLv OC, OA Gi mv‡_  †KvY
Drcbœ Ki‡j, mvgvšwiK mÎ n‡Z Avgiv cvB,
tan= = B
C
ev, tan  P
A


  O
P A
 tan = tan
ev, =
A_©vr, jwäi w`K ivwk؇qi ga¨eZ©x †KvY‡K mgwØLwÊZ K‡i| (cÖgvwYZ)

†¯‹jvi ¸Yb ev WU ¸Yb

`ywU †f±i ivwki ¸Ydj hw` GKwU †¯‹jvi ivwk nq, Z‡e
Zv‡K †¯‹jvi ¸Yb ev WU ¸Yb e‡j| GB ¸Yd‡ji gvb †f±i
`ywUi gvb I Zv‡`i ga¨eZx© †Kv‡Yi cosine Gi ¸Yd‡ji Q
mgvb|
e¨vL¨v : awi, I `ywU †f±i Ges G‡`i ga¨eZx© †KvY 
| myZivs †f±i `ywUi †¯‹jvi ¸Ydj ev WU ¸Ydj . = PQ P
cos
D`vniY : ej I miY DfqB †f±i ivwk| wKšz G‡`i ¸Ydj,
B
A_©vr, KvR GKwU †¯‹jvi ivwk| hw` gv‡bi ej cÖ‡qvM
Kivq e‡ji wµqv‡iLvi mwnZ  †Kv‡Y e¯zi miY S nq

Zvn‡j  S
KvR = ej  e‡ji w`‡K miY
W = P  OC = P  S cos = PS cos = . 
O 
P C

†f±i ¸Yb ev µm ¸Yb

`ywU †f±i ivwki ¸Ydj hw` GKwU †f±i ivwk nq, Z‡e
Zv‡K †f±i ¸Yb ev µm ¸Yb e‡j| GB ¸Yd‡ji gvb ivwk
Q
`ywUi gvb I Zv‡`i ga¨eZx© †Kv‡Yi sine Gi ¸Yd‡ji mgvb
Ges w`K n‡e †f±iØq †h mgZ‡j Aew¯’Z Zvi Awfj¤^

eivei|
e¨vL¨v : awi, I `ywU †f±i Ges G‡`i ga¨eZx© P
†KvY |
myZivs, †f±i `ywUi µm ¸Ydj  = PQ sin. GLv‡b,
GKwU GKK †f±i hv ¸Yd‡ji w`K wb‡`©k K‡i|
D`vniY : ej I †Kvb we›`y n‡Z Zvi wµqv we›`yi `iZ¡ DfqB †f±i ivwk| ej I e‡ji
wµqv we›`yi ga¨eZx© `i‡Z¡i ¸Ydj‡K e‡ji åvgK ev †gv‡g›U e‡j| GUvI GKwU
†f±i ivwk|
g‡b Kwi, gv‡bi GKwU ej OA eivei Kvh©iZ| †f±‡ii Avw` we›`y O n‡Z †Kvb
we›`y B Gi `iZ¡ r|
myZivs, B we›`yi mv‡c‡¶ ejwUi åvgK = ej  B we›`y
n‡Z ejwUi j¤^ `iZ¡
A_©vr,  = [Link] B
= [Link] sin 
r
= P.r sin
= Pr sin

myZivs, åvg‡Ki w`‡K GKK †f±i n‡j,
 = O D A
P

†`LvI †h, †f±i ivwki †¯‹jvi ¸Yb wewbgq mÎ †g‡b P‡j wKšz †f±i ¸Yb Zv
†g‡b P‡j bv|
g‡b Kwi, I `ywU †f±i Ges G‡`i ga¨eZx©
†KvY |
†`Lv‡Z n‡e †h, . wewbgq mÎ †g‡b P‡j A_©vr, Q
. = . ; wKš‘  Zv †g‡b P‡j bv| A_©vr, 
 

†¯‹jvi ¸Y‡bi †¶‡Î : . = PQ cos GKwU †¯‹jvi 

ivwk P
Avevi, . = QP cos = PQ cos
myZivs . = .
A_©vr, †¯‹jvi ¸Yb wewbgq mÎ †g‡b P‡j|

†f±i ¸Y‡bi †¶‡Î :  = PQ sin GKwU †f±i

ivwk| GLv‡b GKK †f±iwU ¸Yd‡ji w`K wb‡`©k 
K‡i| I †f±iØq †h mgZ‡j Aew¯’Z †mB mgZ‡ji O O
we›`y‡Z GKwU WvbnvwZ ¯Œz †i‡L cÖ_g †f±‡ii
w`K †_‡K wØZxq †f±‡ii w`‡K ¶z`ªZg †Kv‡Y
Nyiv‡j ¯ŒzwU †hw`†K AMÖmi nq †mB w`KB n‡e
Gi AwfgyL| myZivs wPÎ n‡Z  Ges  Gi 
AwfgyL ci¯•i wecixZ| O

A_©vr, †f±i ¸Yb wewbgq mÎ †g‡b P‡j bv|
(cÖgvwYZ)

I n‡j cÖgvY Ki †h,

(i) = AxBx + AyBy + AzBz Ges (ii) =

DËi : †`Iqv Av‡Q, I

GLv‡b h_vµ‡g X, Y I Z A¶ eivei GKK †f±i|
cÖgvY
(i) =
= Ax .
= AxBx ( .) +AxBy ( . )+AxBz ( . )+AyBx( . ) +AyBy ( . ) +AyBz( )
+AzBx( )+AzBy ( . )+ Az Bz ( . )
= AxBx  1 + 0 + 0 + 0 + AyBy  1 + 0 + 0 + 0 + AzBz  1
[ . = . = . = 1 Ges . = . = . = 0]
= AxBx + AyBy + Az Bz
 = AxBx + AyBy + AzBz (cÖgvwYZ)
(ii) = (Ax + Ay + Az )  (Bx + By + Bz )
= Ax  (Bx + By + Bz )+ Ay  (Bx + By + Bz ) + Az  (Bx + By + Bz )
= AxBx(  ) + AxBy (  ) + AxBz (  )+ AyBx(  )+ AyBy(  )+ AyBz(  )+
AzBx (  )
+ AzBy(  )+ AzBz (  )
= 0 + AxBy  AxBz  AyBx + 0 + AyBz + AzBx  AzBy + 0
[†h‡nZz  =  =  = 0;  = ,  = , Ges  = – , 
=– ,  = ]
= (AyBz  AzBy)  (AxBz  AzBx) + (AxBy  AyBx)
myZivs, wbY©vq‡Ki mvnv‡h¨ †jLv hvq : =
(cÖgvwYZ)

cÖgvY Ki †h, (.(( + () = (.( + (.(

mgvavb : wP‡Î (, ( Ges ( †f±i wZbwU h_vµ‡g O(, O( Ges O( Øviv mwPZ Kiv
n‡q‡Q| GLb wPÎ †_‡K Avgiv cvB
(.(( +() = (. ((+ () R
= (.( Q
= A  (Gi Dci (Gi j¤^ Awf‡¶c
= A  ON
= A  (OM + MN)
= A  OM + A  MN
wKš‘, A  MN = A  ( Gi Dci ( Gi j¤^ Awf‡¶c = (.(
Ges A  MN = A  ( Gi Dci (Gi j¤^ Awf‡¶c = (. (O M N P
ev, (.(( +() = (.(+ (.(
 (. (( +() = (. ( + (.(

†f±i wefvRb eY©bv K‡i ivwki AbyfwgK Ges Dj¤^ Dcvs‡ki gvb
wbY©q Ki|
A_ev, †f±i ivwki wefvRb Kv‡K e‡j? †Kvb †f±i ivwk‡K †h †Kvb `ywU
†Kv‡Y wefvwRZ K‡i wewkóvsk؇qi ivwkgvjv †ei Ki|
†f±i we‡klY ev wefvRb
GKwU †f±i ivwk‡K `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK †f±i ivwk‡Z wef³ Kivi c×wZ‡K †f±‡ii
we‡klY ev wefvRb e‡j Ges wef³ Ask¸‡jv‡K gj †f±iwUi Dcvsk e‡j|
†h †Kvb `yB w`‡K Dcvsk
aiv hvK, wP‡Î OC †iLv ( †f±iwUi gvb I w`K wb‡`©k K‡i| GLb ( †f±iwU‡K Ggb
`ywU Dcvs‡k wef³ Ki‡Z n‡e hv‡Z G¸‡jv OC Gi mv‡_ h_vµ‡g  Ges  †KvY
Drcbœ K‡i| GLb O we›`y †_‡K OC †iLvi mv‡_ Gi `yB cv‡k  I  †KvY K‡i OA
Ges OB †iLv Uvbv nj| OACB mvgvšwiKwU cY© Kiv n‡j mvgvšwi‡Ki
mÎvbymv‡i OA Ges OB evû `yw&U (†f±‡ii `ywU Dcvsk wb‡`©k Ki‡e|
g‡b Kwi wefvwRZ Dcvsk (= (Ges (= (|
wPÎ (K) †_‡K BOC = OCA =  Ges OAC = 180  ( + )| GLb OAC wÎfyR
we‡ePbv K‡i Avgiv cvB;
=
ev = (AC = OB = Y)
R †f±i‡K hw` mg‡Kv‡Y wefvwRZ Kiv nq, A_©vr Dcvsk `ywU hw` ci¯•i j¤^
nq| Z‡e,
 +  = 90 [wPÎ L] B C B C
 sin ( + ) = sin 90 = 1

 X = R sin  Ges Y = R sin  
180 –(+)
Avevi, †h‡nZz  +  = 90 ev,  = 90    
 sin  = sin (90) = cos  O A O A
 X = R cos
Ges Y = R sin K L
myZiv; †Kvb †f±i R-‡K hw` `ywU ci¯•i j¤^ Dcvs‡k wefvwRZ Kiv Dcvsk X Ges X-
Gi mv‡_ mg‡Kv‡Y Dcvsk Y n‡e|
X = R cos 
Y = R sin 

cÖ‡qvRbxq mgxKiYmgn

bs mgxKiY cwiwPwZ GKK

1. A â= GKK †f±i

GKK †f±i : â  
|A| A = †f±i 

| A | = A Gi gvb
2. †f±i †hvRb (mvgvšwiK mÎ) PI Q `yBwU †f±i degree
: (wWMÖx)
 = P I Q Gi
(K) R = P  Q  2PQ cos 
2 2 degree
ga¨eZx© †KvY
(wWMÖx)
Q sin  R = jwä
(L) tan =
P  Q cos 
 = R Ges P Gi
ga¨eZx© †KvY
3. †f±‡ii gvb : Ax , Ay Ges Az
| A |  A 2x  A 2y  A 2z h_vµ‡g X, Y Ges Z 
A¶ eivei A Gi Dcvsk|
4. Ae¯’vb †f±i : r = Ae¯’vb †f±i
(K) r  xî  yĵ  zk̂ r = Ae¯’vb †f±‡ii gvb 
x, y, z = r Gi ¯’vbv¼
(L) r = x 2  y 2  z 2
bs mgxKiY cwiwPwZ GKK
5. †f±i wefvRb (†h †Kvb `yB P I Q `yBwU †f±i degree
w`‡K) R = jwä (wWMÖx)
P

Q

R
 = P I R Gi ga¨eZx© degree
sin  sin  sin    (wWMÖx)
†KvY
 = Q I R Gi
ga¨eZx© †KvY
6. †f±i wefvRb (ci¯•i j¤^ `yB
w`‡K) :
 
(K) P = R cos 
(L) Q = R sin 
7. †¯‹jvi ¸Yb : A I B `ywU †f±i degree
(1) A . B = AB cos  = G‡`i ga¨eZx© (wWMÖx)
(2) A . B = AxBx + AyBy + AzBz †KvY
Ax, Ay Ges Az I Bx, By
Ges Bz h_vµ‡g X, Y

Ges Z A¶ eivei A I

B Gi Dcvsk
8. †f±i †hv‡Mi mÎ :
AB =  
A x  B x  î + A y  B y  ĵ  A z  B z  k̂
9. î , ĵ I k̂ Gi cvi¯•wiK WU X A¶ eivei GKK
î =
¸Yb : †f±i
(K) î . î = ĵ . ĵ = k̂ . k̂ = 1 ĵ = Y A¶ eivei GKK

†f±i
(L) î . ĵ = ĵ . k̂ = k̂ . î = 0
k̂ =Z A¶ eivei GKK
†f±i
10 î , ĵ I k̂ Gi cvi¯•wiK µm
. ¸Yb :
(K) î  î = ĵ  ĵ = k̂  k̂ = 0
(L) î  ĵ = k̂ ; ĵ  k̂ = î ; k̂  î  
= ĵ
(M) ĵ  î = – k̂ , k̂  ĵ = – î , î 
k̂ = – ĵ
11 µm ¸Yb : n̂= GKwU GKK †f±i
. î ĵ k̂ hv µm ¸Yd‡ji w`K
(K) A B  A x A y A z wb‡`©k K‡i|
Bx B y Bz Ax, Ay, Az h_vµ‡g X, Y,
 bs mgxKiY cwiwPwZ GKK
   
(L) A B  B A Z A¶ eivei A Gi 
Dcvsk
(M) A B AB sin  n̂
Bx, By, Bz h_vµ‡g X, Y,
Z A¶ eivei B Gi
Dcvsk
î , ĵ, k̂ h_vµ‡g X, Y, Z
A¶ eivei GKK †f±i
12 A Ges B ci¯•i mgvšivj
. n‡e,  
hw` A  B = 0 nq|
13 A Ges B ci¯•i j¤^ n‡e,
. hw`  
A. B = 0 nq|
14 B Gi Dci A †f±‡ii j¤^ | B | = B Gi gvb|
. A. B 
Awf‡¶c =
|B|

15 dx x = miY ms–1
v=
. dt a = Z¡iY (wgUvi/†m. )
dv ms–2
a = dt v = †eM
d (wgUvi/†m.2 )
= t Gi mv‡c‡¶
dt s (†m‡KÛ)
†Wwi‡fwUf| m (wgUvi)

\
MvwYwZK cÖ‡kœi
cÖKvi‡f`

K) jwäi gvb I w`K wbY©‡qi cÖkœ :

mgvav‡bi wbqg :
i. `yB bs mgxKi‡Yi mvnv‡h¨ cÖkœwUi mgvavb Kiv
hvq|
ii. cÖ‡kœ `ywU †f±i Ges Zv‡`i ga¨eZx© †KvY Rvbv
_vK‡j jwäi gvb I w`K wbY©q Kiv hvq|
mZK©Zv : `ywU †f±‡ii gvb †h GK‡K _vK‡e jwäi gvbI
GKB GK‡K †ei n‡e|

1| `ywU †f±i ivwki cÖ‡Z¨KwUi gvb 5 GKK| Zviv GKB

we›`y‡Z ci¯•i 120° †Kv‡Y wµqv K‡i| Zv‡`i jwäi gvb I
w`K wbY©q Ki|
mgvavb : †`Iqv Av‡Q, P Gi gvb, P = 5 GKK
 Q Gi
gvb, Q = 5 GKK
ga¨eZ©x †KvY,  = 120°
†ei Ki‡Z n‡e, jwä R Gi gvb, R = ?
R I P Gi ga¨eZx© †KvY, = ?
Avgiv Rvwb, R = P 2  Q 2  2PQ cos 
= 25  25  50 cos 120 GKK
= 25 GKK = 5 GKK (Ans.)
Q sin  5 sin 120 0
Avevi, tan  = P  Q cos  =
5  5 cos 120 0
= 1.732
  = tan1 1.732 = 60° (Ans.)

L) †f±i؇qi ga¨eZx© †KvY wbY©‡qi cÖkœ :

mgvav‡bi wbqg :
i. mvZ b¤^i mgxKi‡Yi mvnv‡h¨ cÖkœwUi mgvavb Kiv
hvq|
ii. `ywU †f±i wÎgvwÎK ¯’vbv¼ e¨e¯’vq †`Iqv _vK‡j Zv‡`i
AšM©Z †KvY wbY©q Kiv hvq|

2| A 3ˆi  3ˆj  3kˆ Ges B 2ˆi  ˆj  3kˆ n‡j, A I B †f±i؇qi

ga¨eZx© †Kv‡Yi gvb wbY©q Ki|
mgvavb : †`Iqv Av‡Q, A 3î  3ĵ  3k̂
Ges B 2î  ĵ  3k̂
†ei Ki‡Z n‡e, A I B Gi ga¨eZ©x †KvY, 
Avgiv Rvwb,
A.B AB cos 

ev, cos = A. B
AB

=
3î  3 ĵ  3k̂ . 2i  ĵ  3k̂ 
 9  9  9  4 1  9
63 9 0
= = =0
27 14 378
  = cos1 0 = 90° (Ans.)

M) `ywU †f±‡ii †¯‹jvi ¸Yb I †f±i ¸Y‡bi cÖkœ :

mgvav‡bi wbqg :
i. mvZ b¤^i I GMvi b¤^i mgxKi‡Yi mvnv‡h¨ cÖkœwU
mgvavb Kiv hvq|
ii. `ywU †f±‡ii wÎgvwÎK ¯’vbv¼ Ae¯’v Rvbv _vK‡j Zv‡`i
†¯‹jvi ¸Yb I †f±i ¸Yb †ei Kiv hvq|

3| †f±i A I B Gi †¯‹jvi ¸Yb I †f±i ¸Yb wbY©q Ki| †hLv‡b,

A 2ˆi  3ˆj  4kˆ ; B ˆi  2ˆj  3kˆ

mgvavb : †`Iqv Av‡Q, A 2î  3 ĵ  4k̂

 B î  2 ĵ  3k̂
†ei Ki‡Z n‡e, A.B ? Ges A B ?
 
†¯‹jvi ¸Yb, A . B  2î  3 ĵ  4k̂ . î  2 ĵ  3k̂ 
= 2  6 + 12
= 8 (Ans.)
î ĵ k̂
Ges †f±i ¸Yb, A B = 2 3 4
1 2 3

= î (9 + 8)  ĵ (64) + k̂ (43)
= 17 î  2 ĵ  7 k̂ (Ans.)

N) †eM I Z¡iY wbY©‡qi cÖkœ

mgvav‡bi wbqg :
i. 15bs mgxKi‡Yi mvnv‡h¨ cÖkœwU mgvavb Kiv hvq|
ii. mi‡Yi mgxKiY †`Iqv _vK‡j †eM I Z¡iY wbY©q Kiv hvq|
1 2
4| gy³fv‡e coš GKwU e¯‘i miY‡K x = 2 gt Øviv eY©bv
Kiv hvq| e¯‘wUi †eM (i) 1 †m‡KÛ c‡i KZ n‡e ?
(ii) 5 †m‡KÛ c‡i KZ n‡e ? (iii) e¯‘wUi Z¡iY KZ n‡e ?
1 2
mgvavb : †`Iqv Av‡Q, miY, x = 2 gt
g‡b Kwi, 1 †m. c‡i †eM = v1
5 †m. c‡i †eM = v2
Ges Z¡iY = a
†ei Ki‡Z n‡e, †eM, v1 I v2 = ?
Ges Z¡iY, a = ?
1 2
GLb, x = 2 gt
dx 1
t-Gi mv‡c‡¶ x Gi †Wwi‡fwUf dt  2 . 2 gt = gt
 v = gt
(i) 1 †m. c‡i †eM, v1 = (9.8 ms2) (1s)
1
= 9.8 ms (Ans.)
(ii) 5 †m c‡i †eM, v2 = (9.8 ms2) (5s)
1
= 49 ms (Ans.)
dv d
(iii) Z¡iY, a = dt  dt (gt) = g
 a = 9.8 ms2 (Ans.)

mgm¨vewji mgvavb
cÖkœ-1| A  î  3 ĵ  2k̂ ; B î  2 ĵ  k̂ Ges
C  2 î  3 ĵ  4k̂ n‡j cÖgvY Ki †h (B  C) A = B A  C A |
mgvavb : †`Iqv Av‡Q, A î  3 ĵ  2k̂
B î  2 ĵ  k̂
Ges C 2î  3 ĵ  4k̂
evgc¶  
= B  C A
  
= î  2 ĵ  k̂  2î  3 ĵ  4k̂  î  3 ĵ  2k̂ 
 
= 3î  ĵ  3k̂  î  3 ĵ  2k̂ 
î ĵ k̂
3 1 3
= 1 3 2
= î  2  9  ĵ 6  3  k̂ 9  1
= – 11 î  3 ĵ + 10 k̂
Wvbc¶ = B A  C A
= î  2 ĵ  k̂ î  3 ĵ  2k̂  2î  3 ĵ  4k̂ î  3 ĵ  2k̂ 
î ĵ k̂ î ĵ k̂
= 1 2 1 + 2 3 4
1 3 2 1 3 2

= î 4  3 ĵ 2  1 k̂ 3  2 î  6  12 ĵ 4  4 k̂ 6  3

= 7î  3 ĵ  k̂  18î  0 ĵ  9k̂
= 11 î  3 ĵ  10k̂
 evgc¶ = Wvbc¶ (cÖgvwYZ)
 
cÖkœ-2| `ywU †f±i A î  ĵ  k̂ Ges B 2î  3 ĵ  6k̂ Gi †f±i ¸Ydj
Ges G‡`i ga¨eZ©x †KvY wbY©q Ki|

mgvavb : †`Iqv Av‡Q, A  î  ĵ  k̂

Ges B  2î  3 ĵ  6k̂
 
†ei Ki‡Z n‡e, †f±i ¸Ydj, A B = ?
ga¨eZ©x †KvY,  = ?
Avgiv Rvwb,
î ĵ k̂
 
A  B = 1 1 1
2 3 6

= î (– 6 + 3) + ĵ (2 – 6) + k̂ (– 3 + 2)
= – 3 î – 4 ĵ – k̂ (Ans.)

Avevi, A.B = AB cos 

A.B
ev, cos  =
AB
(î  ĵ  k̂ )(2î  3 ĵ  6k̂ )
ev, cos =
1  1  1 4  9  36
ev, cos =
ev, cos =
ev,  = cos–1
ev,  = 24.87
  = 24.87 (Ans.)
cÖkœ-3| a Gi †Kvb gv‡bi Rb¨ †f±i A I B ci¯•i mgvšivj
n‡e †hLv‡b A 5î  2 ĵ  3k̂ Ges B 15î  aĵ  9k̂
mgvavb : †`Iqv Av‡Q, A 5î  2 ĵ  3k̂
B 15î  aĵ  9k̂
†ei Ki‡Z n‡e, a = ?
î ĵ k̂
A B 5 2 3
GLb, = 15 a  9

= î  18  3a  ĵ ( 45  45)  k̂ 5a  30 
= (3a  18) î + (5a 30) k̂
GLb, A I B ci¯•i mgvšivj n‡e hw` A B = 0 nq|
A_©vr, 3a  18  5a  30 0
2 2

ev, (3a18) + (5a  30)2 = 0

2

ev, 9a2  108a + 324 + 25a2  300a + 900 = 0

ev, 34a2  408 a + 1224 = 0
ev, a2  12a + 36 = 0
ev, (a  6)2 = 0
ev, a  6 = 0
 a = 6 (Ans.)
 
cÖkœ-4| A = 2 î + 3 ĵ  5 k̂ Ges B = m î + 2 ĵ – 10 k̂ | m Gi gvb
KZ n‡j †f±iØq ci¯•‡ii Dci j¤^ n‡e ?
mgvavb : †`Iqv Av‡Q,

A = 2 î + 3 ĵ  5 k̂

Ges B = m î + 2 ĵ – 10 k̂
†ei Ki‡Z n‡e, m = ?
Avgiv Rvwb,

 I B ci¯•i j¤^ n‡e hw`,
A
A . B = 0 nq
ev, (2 î + 3 ĵ – 5 k̂ ).(m î + 2 ĵ – 10 k̂ ) = 0
ev, 2m( î.î ) + 6( ĵ. ĵ ) + 50 ( k̂ . k̂ ) = 0
ev, 2m + 6 + 50 = 0
ev, m =
ev, m = – 28
 m = – 28 (Ans.)
   
©cÖkœ-5| A = 2 î + 2 ĵ  k̂ Ges B = 6 î – 3 ĵ + 2 k̂ n‡j A I B Gi
ga¨eZx© †KvY wbY©q Ki|

mgvavb : †`Iqv Av‡Q,


A = 2 î + 2 ĵ  k̂

Ges B = 6 î – 3 ĵ + 2 k̂
 
†ei Ki‡Z n‡e, A I B Gi ga¨eZx© †KvY,  = ?
 
Avgiv Rvwb, A . B = AB cos
ev, cos =
=
=
=
=
ev,  = cos1
  = 79 (Ans.)
  
cÖkœ-6| hw` A = 6 î – 3 ĵ + 2 k̂ Ges B = 2 î + 2 ĵ + k̂ nq Z‡e
 
A . B wbY©q Ki|
mgvavb : †`Iqv Av‡Q

A = 6 î – 3 ĵ + 2 k̂

Ges B = 2 î + 2 ĵ + k̂
 
†ei Ki‡Z n‡e, A . B = ?
 
†¯‹jvi ¸Yb, A . B = (6 î – 3 ĵ + 2 k̂ ). (2 î + 2 ĵ + k̂ )
= 12 î.î  – 6 ĵ. ĵ + 2 k̂.k̂ 
= 12 – 6 + 2

=8
 A.B = 8 (Ans.)


 
cÖkœ-7| GKwU KYvi Dci F  î  3ĵ  2k̂  N ej KvR Kivi d‡j

KYvwUi d  2î  dyĵ  k̂  m miY nq| dy-Gi gvb KZ n‡j m¤•vw`Z
Kv‡Ri cwigvY kb¨ n‡e?

mgvavb : †`Iqv Av‡Q, ej, F = ( î  3 ĵ + 2 k̂ )N

miY, d = (2 î + dy ĵ  k̂ ) m
KvR, W = 0
†ei Ki‡Z n‡e, dy = ?
Avgiv Rvwb
 
KvR, W = F . d = ( î  3 ĵ + 2 k̂ ). (2 î + dy ĵ  k̂ )
= 2( î . î )  3dy( ĵ . ĵ )  2( k̂ . k̂ )
ev, 0 = 2  3dy  2 ( W = 0)
ev,  3dy = 0
 dy = 0 (Ans.)
 
cÖkœ-8| P = 4î  4 ĵ  k̂ Ges Q = 2î  2 ĵ  k̂ †f±iØq GKwU
mvgvšwi‡Ki `ywU mwbœwnZ evû wb‡`©k Ki‡j Dnvi
†¶Îdj wbY©q Ki|
mgvavb : †`Iqv Av‡Q,

P = 4î  4 ĵ  k̂

Ges Q = 2î  2 ĵ  k̂
†ei Ki‡Z n‡e, mvgvšwi‡Ki †¶Îdj = ?
Avgiv Rvwb,  
mvgšwi‡Ki †¶Îdj = P Q
î ĵ k̂
 
P Q 4  4 1
GLb, = 2  2 1

= î (4 + 2) + ĵ (2 + 4) + k̂ (–8 + 8)
= 6 î + 6 ĵ
 
 P Q =
= = = 8.48 eM©GKK (Ans.)
  
cÖkœ-9| A 3î  2 ĵ  k̂ , B î  2 ĵ  3k̂ Ges
      
C = î  ĵ  2k̂ n‡j cÖgvY Ki †h, A. B C  = A B. C

mgvavb : †`Iqv Av‡Q,


A 3î  2 ĵ  k̂

B î  2 ĵ  3k̂

Ges C î  ĵ  2k̂
  
evgc¶ = A. B C  
î ĵ k̂

= A. 1 2  3
1 1 2


= 3î  2 ĵ  k̂ . 4  3 î   3  2ĵ  1  2 k̂ 
= 3î  2 ĵ  k̂ . 7î  5 ĵ  k̂ 
= 21 î. î   10 ĵ. ĵ  k̂. k̂ 
= 21  10  1
= 10   
Wvbc¶ = A B. C
î ĵ k̂
= 
3 2 1 . î  ĵ  2k̂ 
1 2 3

= {( 6  2) î + (1 + 9) ĵ + (6  2) k̂ }. (î  ĵ  2k̂ )

= ( 8î  10 ĵ  4k̂ ).(î  ĵ  2k̂ )
=  8 (î.î )  10( ĵ. ĵ) +8 (k̂.k̂ )
=  8 + 10 + 8
= 10
 Wvbc¶ = evgc¶ (cÖgvwYZ)
 
cÖkœ-10| A 9î  ĵ  6k̂ I B 4î  6 ĵ  5k̂ †f±i `ywUi †¯‹jvi ¸Ydj
wbY©q Ki Ges †`LvI †h, †f±iØq ci¯•‡ii Dci j¤^|

mgvavb : †`Iqv Av‡Q, A 9î  ĵ  6k̂

B 4î  6 ĵ  5k̂
 
†ei Ki‡Z n‡e, A . B ?
Ges †`Lv‡Z n‡e †f±iØq ci¯•‡ii Dci j¤^|
 
GLb, A . B (9î  ĵ  6k̂ ) . (4î  6 ĵ  5k̂ )
= 36 (î.î )  6( ĵ. ĵ)  30(k̂.k̂ )
 
= 36  6  30
 A . B 0 (Ans.)
†h‡nZz †f±i؇qi †¯‹jvi ¸Ydj kb¨, myZivs ej‡Z cvwi †f±iØq
ci¯•‡ii Dci j¤^| (cÖgvwYZ)
 
cÖkœ-11| GKwU KYvi Dci F (6î  3 ĵ  2k̂ ) N ej cÖ‡qv‡M

KYvwUi r (2î  2 ĵ  k̂ )m miY nq| ej KZ…©K m¤•vw`Z
Kv‡Ri cwigvY wbY©q Ki|[h: †ev: 03]
mgvavb : †`Iqv Av‡Q,

ej, F (6î  3 ĵ  2k̂ ) N

miY, r (2î  2 ĵ  k̂ )m
†ei Ki‡Z n‡e, m¤•vw`Z  
KvR, W = ?
Avgiv Rvwb, W = F . r
= (6î  3 ĵ  2k̂ ) . (2î  2 ĵ  k̂ )
= 12 (î.î )  6( ĵ. ĵ)  2(k̂.k̂ )
= 12 – 6 – 2
W = 4 Joule (Ans.)
  
cÖkœ-11| A 3î  ĵ  3k̂ Ges B î  4 ĵ  2k̂ n‡j A eivei B Gi j¤^
Awf‡¶c wbY©q Ki|

mgvavb : †`Iqv Av‡Q, A 3î  ĵ  3k̂

B î  4 ĵ  2k̂
 
†ei Ki‡Z n‡e, A eivei B Gi
j¤^ Awf‡¶c = ?
Avgiv

Rvwb,

A eivei B Gi

j¤^ Awf‡¶c = B cos ...........(i)
Avevi, A . B AB cos 
 
A.B
ev, B cos = A
(3î  ĵ  3k̂ ) . (î  4 ĵ  2k̂ )
= 9 1  9
=
=
 B cos 
= (Ans.) 
cÖkœ-12| `ywU †f±i P  î t 2  ĵt  k̂ (2 t  1) Ges Q î 5t  ĵt  k̂t 3 n‡j
  
(P.Q) Ges (P Q) wbY©q Ki|

mgvavb : †`Iqv Av‡Q, P î t 2  ĵt  k̂ (2 t  1)

Q î 5t  ĵt  k̂t 3

†ei Ki‡Z n‡e, (P.Q) ?
 
Ges (P Q) = ?
Avgiv

cvB,
P.Q {î t 2  ĵt  k̂ (2 t  1)}.( î 5t  ĵt  k̂t 3 )
= t2  5t  t  t  (2t + 1)t3
= 5t3  t2  2t4  t3
 4t  2t  t
3 4 2
=
 (P.Q) = (4t  2t4  t2)
3

= 12t2  8t3  2t (Ans.)

î ĵ k̂
 
P Q  t 2  t 2t  1
Avevi, 5t t  t3
= î ( t 4  2t 2  t )  ĵ(10t 2  5t  t 5 )  k̂ ( t 3  5t 2 )
= (t4 2t 2  t) î + (t5 + 10t2 + 5t) ĵ +(t3 + 5t2) k̂
 (P Q) = (t4  2t2  t) î
 + (t5 + 10t2 + 5t) ĵ + (t3 + 5t2) k̂
= (4t3  4t  1) î + (5t4 + 20t + 5) ĵ + (3t2 + 10t) k̂
(Ans.)
 
cÖkœ-13| P 2î  3 ĵ  4k̂, Q  2 ĵ  î  3k̂ †f±iØq †h Z‡j Ae¯’vb
K‡i Zvi Dj¤^w`‡K GKwU GKK †f±i wbY©q Ki|

mgvavb : †`Iqv

Av‡Q, P 2î  3 ĵ  4k̂
Q î  2 ĵ  3k̂
 
†ei Ki‡Z n‡e, P Q Gi w`‡K GKK †f±i, n̂ = ?
î ĵ k̂
 
P Q 2 3  4
Avgiv Rvwb, = 1 2 3
= (9  8) î + ( 4  6) ĵ + (4  3) k̂
  = î  10 ĵ  7 k̂
P Q
n̂  
 = P Q
î  10 ĵ  7k̂
= 1  100  49
= (î  10 ĵ  7k̂ ) (Ans.)
 
cÖkœ-14| †f±i P 2î  3 ĵ  k̂ Gi Dci Q 4 ĵ  5k̂ Gi j¤^ Awf‡¶‡ci
gvb wbY©q Ki| 
mgvavb : †`Iqv

Av‡Q, P 2î  3 ĵ  k̂
Q 4 ĵ  5k̂
 
†ei Ki‡Z n‡e , P Gi Dci Q Gi
j¤^ Awf‡¶c = ?
Avgiv Rvwb,
 P Gi Dci Q Gi j¤^ Awf‡¶c = Q cos 
Avevi, P.Q  PQ

cos 
P.Q
ev, Q cos = P
(2î  3 ĵ  k̂ ) . (4 ĵ  5k̂ )
= 4  9 1
=
 Q cos = – (Ans.)

cÖkœ-15| †Kvb KYvi Ae¯’vb †f±i r = [(3.0 ms1)t + 4.2m] î +

[5.3 ms1] ĵ n‡j †eM v wbY©q Ki|
mgvavb : †`Iqv Av‡Q,

Ae¯’vb †f±i, r = [(3.0 ms1)t + 4.2m]î + [5.3 ms1] ĵ
†ei Ki‡Z n‡e, †eM, v = ?
Avgiv Rvwb,
 dr
v
dt
= {[(3.0 ms1) t + 4.2m] î + [5.3ms1] ĵ }
= (3.0 ms1 + 0) î + 0. ĵ

 v = (3.0 ms1) î (Ans.)
 
cÖkœ-16| †`LvI †h, A 2î  4 ĵ  7k̂ Ges B 3î  5 ĵ  2k̂ n‡j †f±i
`yBwU ci¯•i mg‡Kv‡Y Aew¯’Z|
 
mgvavb : †`Iqv Av‡Q, A 2î  4 ĵ  7k̂

B 3î  5 ĵ  2k̂
  
GLb,

A I B ci¯•‡ii mg‡KvY n‡j A.B 0 n‡e
 A .B  (2î  4 ĵ  7 k̂ ).(3î  5 ĵ  2k̂ )
= 6 20 + 14
 = 0
 A.B 0
 A I B †f±iØq ci¯•‡ii j¤^| (cÖgvwYZ)

cÖkœ-17| (= ^t2  ^t + ^ (2t + 1) Ges (= ^5t + ^t  ^t3 n‡j wbY©q

Ki|
mgvavb : †`Iqv Av‡Q,
(= ^t2  ^t + ^ (2t + 1)
(= ^5t + ^t  ^t3
†ei Ki‡Z n‡e, = ?
Avgiv cvB,
( {^t2  ^t + ^(2t + 1)}{ ^5t + ^t  ^t3}
= 5t3 – t2 – 2t4 – t3
= 4t3 – t2 – 2t4
GLb, = (4t3 – t2 – 2t4
= 4  3t2 – 2t – 2  4dt3
= 12t2 – 2t – 8t3
cÖkœ-18| ( = ( 2( + ( Ges (= 3( 6( + 3( n‡j †`LvI †h, ( I (
ci¯•i mgvšivj|
mgvavb : ‡`Iqv Av‡Q, (= ( 2( + (
( = 3( 6( + 3(
( Ges ( ci¯•i mgvšivj n‡e, hw` ( ( = 0 nq
GLb, ( ( =
= ((6 + 6) + ((33) + ((6+6)
=0+0+0
=0
 (I (ci¯•i mgvšivj| [†`Lv‡bv nj]

mgm¨vewji mgvavb

W. kvnRvnvb Zcb-Gi eB‡qi mgvavb

cÖkœ-1| †Kvb GK we›`y‡Z GKB mgq 10N Ges 6N gv‡bi
`ywU †f±i 60 †Kv‡Y wµqv Ki‡j †f±i `ywUi jwäi gvb
wbY©q Ki|
mgvavb : †`Iqv Av‡Q, cÖ_g ivwki gvb, P = 10N
wØZxq ivwki gvb, Q = 6N
ivwk؇qi ga¨eZx© †KvY,  = 60.
†ei Ki‡Z n‡e, jwä †f±i, R = ?
Avgiv Rvwb, R2 = P2 + Q2 + 2PQ cos 
= (10) + (6)2 + 2  10  6  cos 60
2

= 100 + 36 + 60 [ cos60° = 0.5]

= 196
R = 14 N (Ans)

cÖkœ-2| GKwU b`xi †mªv‡Zi †eM 5 km h1| †mªv‡Zi

mv‡_ 60 †Kv‡Y 4 kmh1 †e‡Mi GKwU †bŠKv Pvjbv Ki‡j
†bŠKv cÖK…Zc‡¶ KZ †e‡M †Kvb w`‡K Pj‡e ?
mgvavb : †`Iqv Av‡Q,
 †mªv‡Zi †eM, P = 5 km h1
†bŠKvi †eM, Q = 4 km h1
†mªv‡Zi †eM I †bŠKvi †e‡Mi ga¨eZx© †KvY,  = 60
†ei ei‡Z n‡e, jwä †eM, R = ?
jwäi w`K,  = ?
Avgiv Rvwb, R2 = P2 + Q2 + 2PQ cos 
= (5) + (4)2 + 2  5  4  cos 60
2

= 25 + 16 + 20 [ cos60° = 0.5]
= 61
 R = 7.81 km h1
g‡b Kwi, †bŠKvi jwä‡eM †mªv‡Zi mv‡_  †KvY Drcbœ K‡i
P‡j|
Q sin 
Avgiv Rvwb, tan  = P  Q cos 
4 sin 60
= 5  4 cos 60
3.464
= 52
 = tan1 (0.495)
= 26.33 (Ans.)

cÖkœ-3| GKB we›`y‡Z wµqvkxj `ywU mgvb gv‡bi

†f±‡ii ga¨eZx© †KvY KZ n‡j G‡`i jwäi gvb †h †Kvb
GKwU †f±‡ii gv‡bi mgvb n‡e ?
mgvavb : †`Iqv Av‡Q, GKB we›`y‡Z wµqvkxj `yÕwU †f±‡ii
gvb mgvb Ges jwä †f±‡ii gvb wµqvkxj †h †Kvb GKwU †f±‡ii
gv‡bi mgvb|
†ei Ki‡Z n‡e, †f±i؇qi ga¨eZx© †KvY,  = ?
g‡b Kwi, cÖ_g †f±i, P = P
wØZxq †f±i, Q = P
jwä †f±i, R = P
Avgiv Rvwb, R2 = P2 + Q2 + 2PQ cos 
ev, P2 = P2 + P2 + 2  P  P  cos  [gvb ewm‡q]
ev, P2 = 2P2 + 2P2cos  [Dfq c¶‡K P Øviv fvM K‡i]
ev, 1 = 2 + 2cos 
1
ev, cos  =  2
 1
ev,  = cos1   2 
  = 120 (Ans.)

cÖkœ-4| GKRb muvZvi“ †mªvZnxb Ae¯’vq b`x‡Z 3

kmh1 †e‡M muvZvi KvU‡Z cv‡ib| †mªv‡Zi b`x‡Z wZwb
G cvo †_‡K †mvRv Icv‡o hvIqvi Rb¨ muvZvi KvUv ïi“
K‡i 5 kmh1 †e‡M †KvbvKzwb b`x cvi n‡jb| b`x‡Z
†mªv‡Zi †eM KZ ?
mgvavb : †`Iqv Av‡Q,
†mªvZnxb b`x‡Z mvZvi“i †eM, P = 3 kmh1
†mªv‡Zi b`x‡Z muvZvi“i jwä †eM, R = 5 kmh1
muvZvi“ Ges †mªv‡Zi †e‡Mi ga¨eZx© †KvY,  = 90.
†ei Ki‡Z n‡e, †mªv‡Zi †eM, Q = ?
Avgiv Rvwb, R2 = P2 + Q2 + 2PQ cos 
ev, (5) = (3) + Q2 + 2 3  Q  cos 90
2 2
 ev, 25 = 9 + Q2 [cos 90 = 0]
ev, Q2 = 16
 Q = 4 km h1 (Ans.)
cÖkœ-5| GKwU b`x‡Z †mªv‡Zi †eM 5 km h1| GKwU
†bŠKv‡K NÈvq 10 kmh1 †e‡M Pvjbv Kiv hvq| †Kvb w`‡K
†bŠKv Pvjv‡j Aci cv‡o wVK †mvRvmywR †cuŠQv
hvq ?
mgvavb : g‡b Kwi, †mªv‡Zi †eM u Ges †bŠKvi †eM v Ges
†eM؇qi ga¨eZx© †KvY | b`xwU‡K †mvRvmywR AwZµg
Ki‡Z †bŠKvi jwä †eM R, †mªv‡Zi †eM u Gi mv‡_  = 90 †KvY
ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e|
GLv‡b, †mªv‡Zi †eM, u = 5 km h1
v = 10
h1 km h R
1
†bŠKvi †eM, v = 10 km
†mªv‡Zi mv‡c‡¶ jwä‡e‡Mi w`K,  = 90
†ei Ki‡Z n‡e, =? 90
v sin 
Avgiv Rvwb, tan  = u uv=cos
5kmh 1

10 sin 
ev, tan 90 = 5  10 cos 
10 sin 
ev,  = 5  10 cos 
ev, 5 + 10 cos  = 0
5
ev, cos  =  10
1
ev, cos  =  2
 1
ev,  = cos1   2 
  = 120 (Ans.)
cÖkœ-6| †Kvb e¯‘‡K 10 N e‡j `w¶Y w`‡Ki mv‡_ 30 †Kv‡Y
cwðg w`‡K Uvbv n‡j e‡ji `w¶YgyLx I cwðggyLx
Dcvs‡ki gvb KZ ?
mgvavb : †`Iqv Av‡Q, ej, vN = 10 N
`w¶Y w`‡Ki mv‡_ †KvY,  = 30
†ei Ki‡Z n‡e,
e‡ji `w¶YgyLx Dcvsk, vvs = ? w
e‡ji cwðggyLx Dcvsk W
vw = ?
wPÎ n‡Z Avgiv cvB, E
vw = v sin 30
= 10 sin 30 v s
= 5 N (Ans) v = 10 N
Avevi, S
vs = v cos
= 10 cos 30
= 8.66 N (Ans)

cÖkœ-7| A 3 î  2 ĵ  k̂ , B 2 î  4 ĵ  3k̂ , C  î  2 ĵ  2k̂

(i) | C |? ; (ii) A  B  C = ?
(iii) |2 A  3 B  5 C | = ?
mgvavb : †`Iqv Av‡Q, A 3î  2 ĵ  k̂
B 2î  4 ĵ  3k̂
C  î  2 ĵ  2k̂
†ei Ki‡Z n‡e, C =?
A  B  C ?

2A  3B  5C = ?

(i) C  î  2 ĵ  2k̂
 | C |   12  22  22
= 1  4  4 = 9 = 3 (Ans.)
(ii) A  B  C = 3î  2 ĵ  k̂  2î  4 ĵ  3k̂  î  2 ĵ  2k̂
= 4î  4 ĵ
 A  B  C = 4  ( 4)
2 2

= 16  16 = 32
= 16 2 = 4 2 (Ans.)
(iii) 2A  3B  5C
= 2 
3î  2 ĵ  k̂ 
 3 2 î  
 4 ĵ  3k̂  5  î  2 ĵ  2k̂ 
= 6î  4 ĵ  2k̂  6î  12 ĵ  9k̂  5î  10 ĵ  10k̂
= 5î  2 ĵ  k̂
 2A  3B  5C = 5   2   1
2 2 2

= 25  4  1
= 30 (Ans.)
cªkœ-8| †Kvb GKwU KYvi Dci wb‡æv³ PviwU ej wµqv
Ki‡Q| jwä ejwU wbY©q Ki| jwä e‡ji gvb KZ n‡e ?
F1 = 2 î + 3 ĵ  5 k̂ , F2 = – 5 î + ĵ + 3 k̂ ,
F3 = î 2 ĵ + 4 k̂ , F4 = 4 î – 3 ĵ  2 k̂
mgvavb : †`Iqv Av‡Q, F1 = 2 î + 3 ĵ  5 k̂
F2 = –5 î + ĵ + 3 k̂
F3 = î 2 ĵ + 4 k̂
Ges F4 = 4 î 3 ĵ  2 k̂
†ei Ki‡Z n‡e, jwä ej, F = ?
Ges jwä e‡ji gvb, F = ?
Avgiv cvB,
F = F1 + F2 + F3 + F4
= 2 î + 3 ĵ  5 k̂  5 î + ĵ + 3 k̂ + î 2 ĵ
+ 4 k̂ + 4 î 3 ĵ  2 k̂
= 2 î  ĵ (Ans.)
= 2   1 = 4  1 = 5 (Ans.)
2 2
Ges F
cÖkœ-9| A  2 î  4 ĵ  5k̂ Ges B  î  2 ĵ  3k̂ |
A I B Gi jwä †f±‡ii mgvšivj GKK †f±iwU wbY©q Ki|
mgvavb : †`Iqv Av‡Q, A 2î  4 ĵ  5k̂
Ges B î  2 ĵ  3k̂
†ei Ki‡Z n‡e, GKK †f±i, n̂ = ?
g‡b Kwi, A I B Gi jwä †f±i = R
Ges R Gi mgvšivj GKK †f±i = n̂
Avgiv cvB, R A  B
 = 2î  4 ĵ  5k̂ + î  2 ĵ  3k̂
= 3î  6 ĵ  2k̂
R
 n̂ =|R|
3î  6 ĵ  2k̂
= 3  62   22
2

3î  6 ĵ  2k̂
= 9  36  4
3î  6 ĵ  2k̂
= 49
3î  6 ĵ  2k̂
= 7
3 6 2
= 7 î  7 ĵ  7 k̂ (Ans.)

cÖkœ-10| P I Q we›`yi Ae¯’vb †f±i h_vµ‡g P ( î  ĵ  k̂ ) Ges

Q ( 2 î  3 ĵ  2k̂ ) | PQ †f±i wbY©q Ki| GB †f±‡ii gvb KZ n‡e ?
mgvavb : †`Iqv Av‡Q,
P we›`yi Ae¯’vb †f±i, P = (î  ĵ  k̂ )
Q we›`yi Ae¯’vb †f±i, Q = (2î  3 ĵ  2k̂ )
†ei Ki‡Z n‡e, PQ ? Ges PQ =?
awi, P we›`yi Ae¯’vb †f±i = r1
Ges Q we›`yi Ae¯’vb †f±i = r2
Avgiv Rvwb, PQ  r r2  r1
= 2î  3 ĵ  2k̂  î  ĵ  k̂
= î  2 ĵ  3k̂ (Ans.)
Ges PQ  1  2   3
2 2 2

= 1  4  9 = 14 (Ans.)

cÖkœ-11| A  î  3 ĵ  2k̂ Ges B 4 î  2 ĵ  4k̂ n‡j A . B = ?

mgvavb : †`Iqv Av‡Q, µ A î  3 ĵ  2k̂
Ges B 4î  2 ĵ  4k̂
†ei Ki‡Z n‡e, A . B = ?
  
A . B  î  3 ĵ  2k̂ . 4î  2 ĵ  4k̂
   
= 4 î.î  6 ĵ. ĵ  8 k̂.k̂
=4 68
= 414 =  10 (Ans.)
 
cÖkœ-12| A = 9 î + ĵ – 6 k̂ Ges B = 4 î – 6 ĵ + 5 k̂ †f±i `ywUi
†¯‹jvi ¸Ydj wbY©q K‡i †`LvI †h, Giv ci¯•i j¤^|
mgvavb : †`Iqv Av‡Q,
A = 9 î + ĵ – 6 k̂
 
B = 4 i – 6 ĵ + 5k̂
†ei Ki‡Z n‡e,  A . B = ?
Ges
 †`Lv‡Z
 n‡e A I B ci¯•i  j¤^|

A I B ci¯•i j¤^ n‡e hw` A . B = 0 nq|
 
A . B = (9 î + ĵ – 6 k̂ ). (4 î – 6 ĵ + 5 k̂ )
 = 36( î.î )– 6( ĵ. ĵ ) – 30( k̂.k̂ )
= 36 – 6 – 30
 = 36 – 36
A. B = 0  
A_©vr, A I B ci¯•i j¤^| (cÖgvwYZ)
cÖkœ-13| GKwU b`x‡Z †mªvZ 1kmh1 †e‡M cÖevwnZ
n‡”Q| GKRb gvwS †mªv‡Zi mv‡_ 30 †KvY K‡i 3 kmh1
†e‡M †bŠKv Pvjv‡”Qb| b`xwU 05 km PIov n‡j GK Zxi
†_‡K iIbv n‡q Ab¨ Zx‡i †cuŠQv‡Z KZ mgq jvM‡e ?
mgvavb : †`Iqv Av‡Q, †bŠKvi †eM, P = 3kmh1
†mªv‡Zi †eM, Q = 1kmh1
b`xi cÖ¯’, d = 05km.
†ei Ki‡Z n‡e, b`x cvi n‡Z mgq, t = ?
GLv‡b,
†mªv‡Zi w`‡K †bŠKvi †e‡Mi Dcvsk = 3 cos 30
3
= 3 2
3 3
= 2 kmh1
b`xi cÖ¯’ eivei †bŠKvi †e‡Mi Dcvsk = 3 sin 30
1
= 3 2
= 15 kmh 1
3 3
†mªv‡Zi Awfgy‡L †gvU †eM = (1 + 2 ) kmh 1. GB †eM
†bŠKv‡K †mªv‡Zi mgvšiv‡j wb‡q hvq, b`x cvi n‡Z mvnvh¨
K‡i bv|
Kv‡RB b`xi cÖ¯’ eivei †bŠKvi †e‡Mi Dcvsk b`x cvi K‡i|
d
 cÖ‡qvRbxq mgq, t = 1 5
0 5
= 1 5 h
0 5 60
= 1 5 min
= 20 min (Ans.)

cÖkœ-14| `ywU †f±i ivwk F1 I F2 GKwU we›`y‡Z wgwjZ

nj| F1 Gi gvb 20N Ges GwU Abyf‚wg‡Ki mv‡_ 60 †KvY
K‡i Dc‡ii w`‡K wµqviZ| F2 Gi gvb 25N Ges GwU Lvov
Dc‡ii w`‡K KvR Ki‡Q| G‡`i jwäi Abyf‚wgK I Dj¤^
Dcvsk wbY©q Ki|
mgvavb : †`Iqv Av‡Q,
F1 e‡ji gvb = 20 N
F1 Abyf‚wg‡Ki mv‡_ †KvY K‡i , 1= 60
F2 e‡ji gvb = 25 N
F2 ej Abyf‚wg‡Ki mv‡_ †KvY K‡i, 2 = 90
†ei Ki‡Z n‡e, Abyf‚wgK w`‡K jwäi Dcvsk = ?
Dj¤^ eivei jwäi Dcvsk = ?
Avgiv Rvwb,
Abyf‚wgK w`‡K F1 Gi Dcvsk = F1 cos 1
= 20 cos 60
= 20  05
= 10 N
F2 = 25N

F1 = 20N

60°
Dj¤^ w`‡K F1Gi Dcvsk = F1 sin 1
= 20  sin 60
3
= 20  2
= 10 3 N
Avevi,
Abyf‚wgK w`‡K F2 Gi Dcvsk = F2 cos 2
= 25  cos 90
= 0.
Ges Dj¤^ w`‡K F2 Gi Dcvsk = F2 sin 2
= 25  sin 90
= 25 N
Abyf‚wgK w`‡K jwäi Dcvsk = 10 + 0
= 10 N (Ans)
Dj¤^ eivei jwäi Dcvsk = 10 3 + 25
= 4232 N (Ans)
cªkœ-15| r1 2 î  ĵ  k̂ , r2  î  3 ĵ  2k̂ , r3  2ˆi  ˆj  3kˆ Ges r4 3 î  2 ĵ  5k̂
†f±i ivwkMy‡jv †`Iqv Av‡Q| a, b, c †¯‹jvi ivwk¸‡jvi gvb
†ei Ki hv‡Z r4 ar1  br2  cr3 m¤•K©wU wVK _v‡K|
mgvavb : r1 2î  ĵ  k̂
 a r1 2aî  aĵ  ak̂
r2 î  3 ĵ  2k̂
 br2 bî  3bĵ  2bk̂
r3  2î  ĵ  3k̂
 cr3  2cî  cĵ  3ck̂
†`Iqv Av‡Q, r4 3î  2 ĵ  5k̂
Ges r4 a r1  b r2  cr3
 3î  2 ĵ  5k̂  2aî  aĵ  ak̂  bî  3bĵ  2bk̂  2cî  cĵ  3ck̂
ev, 3î  2 ĵ  5k̂ = (2a + b 2c) î + (–a + 3b +c) ĵ
+ (a 2b  3c) k̂
 Avgiv cvB, 2a + b  2c = 3 ……….. (i)
 a + 3b + c = 2 …….… (ii)
a  2b 3c =5 ……… (iii)
(ii) I (iii) bs mgxKiY †hvM K‡i cvB,
 a + 3b + c = 2
a  2b  3c = 5
b 2c = 7 ……….. (iv)
(b – 2c) Gi gvb (i) bs mgxKi‡Y ewm‡q cvB,
2a + 7 = 3
ev, 2a = 3  7
ev, 2a = 4
 a = 2 (Ans.)
a Gi gvb (iii) bs mgxKi‡Y ewm‡q cvB,
22b  3c = 5
ev, 2b  3c =5 + 2
 2b + 3c = 7 ………. (v)
(iv) bs mgxKiY‡K 2 Øviv ¸Y K‡i (v) bs mgxKiY n‡Z we‡qvM
Kwi,
2b + 3c =  7
2b  4c = 14
 + –
7c = 21
 c = 3 (Ans.)
c Gi gvb (iv) bs mgxKi‡Y ewm‡q cvB,
b+ 6=7
ev, b = 7 6
 b = 1 (Ans.)

cÖkœ-16| a  b  a  b n‡j †`LvI †h, a I b ci¯•‡ii Dci j¤^|

mgvavb : †`Iqv Av‡Q, a  b  a  b
cªgvY Ki‡Z n‡e, a I b ci¯•i j¤^
g‡b Kwi, a I b Gi ga¨eZx© †KvY = 
†f±i †hvR‡bi mvgvšwiK mÎ n‡Z cvB,
jwä, R = a 2  b 2  2ab cos 
1
A_©vr 
a  b  a 2  b 2  2ab cos  2

1
Ges 
a  b  a 2  b 2  2ab cos  2

cÖkœvbymv‡i, a  b  a  b
1 1
ev, a 2  b 2  2ab cos  2 = a 2  b 2  2ab cos  2
ev, (a 2  b 2  2ab cos ) = a 2  b 2  2ab cos  
[Dfq c¶‡K eM© K‡i ]
ev a2 + b2 + 2ab cos   a2  b2 + 2ab cos  = 0
ev, 4ab cos  = 0
ev, cos  = 0
ev, cos  = cos 90°
  = 90°
A_©vr a I b ci¯•‡ii Dci j¤^| (Showed)

cÖkœ-17| hw` A 3 î  ĵ  2k̂ Ges B = 2 î  3 ĵ  k̂ nq Zvn‡j, (i)
| A B | = ? (ii) ( A  2B )  ( 2 A  B ) ? (iii) | ( A  B ) ( A  B ) | = ?

mgvavb : †`Iqv Av‡Q, A = 3î  ĵ  2k̂

B 2î  3 ĵ  k̂
(i) †ei Ki‡Z n‡e, | A  B | = ?
î ĵ k̂
A B 3 1  2
= 2 3 1
= î  1  6 ĵ 3  4 k̂ 9  2
= 5 î  7 ĵ  11 k̂
 A B = 5   7   11
2 2 2
= 195 (Ans.)
(ii) †ei Ki‡Z n‡e, (A  2B)  (2A  B) ? A  2B2A  B
= 3î  ĵ  2k̂  4î  6 ĵ  2k̂ 6î  2 ĵ  4k̂  2î  3 ĵ  k̂ 
= 7î  5 ĵ4î  5 ĵ  5k̂ 
î ĵ k̂
7 5 0
= 4 5 5
= î  25  0 ĵ  35  0 k̂  35  20
=  25î  35 ĵ  55k̂
   
 A  2B  2A  B =  25î  35 ĵ  55k̂ (Ans.)
(iii) †ei Ki‡Z n‡e, | (A  B) ( A  B ) | = ?
A  BA  B
= 3î  ĵ  2k̂  2î  3 ĵ  k̂   3î  ĵ  2k̂  2î  3 ĵ  k̂ 
 
= 5î  2 ĵ  k̂  î  4 ĵ  3k̂ 
î ĵ k̂
5 2 1
=1 43
= î  6  4 ĵ  15  1 k̂  20  2
=  10 î + 14 ĵ  22k̂
=  10  14   22
( A  B) ( A  B) 2 2 2

= 780 = 2 195 (Ans.)
   2
cÖkœ-18| cÖgvY Ki †h,  
A . B + A B = A2B2 2

mgvavb
  : Avgiv cvB,
A. B = AB cos
Ges  = AB sin
A B n̂
 A B = AB sin
   2
 evgc¶ = A. B + A B
2

= A2B2 cos2 + A2B2 sin2

= A2B2 (sin2 + cos2)
= A2B2 = Wvbc¶ (cÖgvwYZ)
cÖkœ-19| evqy f‚wgi mgvšiv‡j DËi w`‡K 5 km hr1 †e‡M
cÖevwnZ n‡”Q| wb‡æv³ w`Kmg‡n Gi Dcvsk KZ ?
(K) ce© w`K (L) cwðg w`K, (M) Lvov Dc‡ii w`K|
cwðg

`w¶Y DËi
5 kmh–1

mgvavb : †`Iqvce© Av‡Q,

f‚wgi mgvšiv‡j DËi w`‡K †eM = 5 km hr1
†ei Ki‡Z n‡e, ce©, cwðg I Lvov Dc‡ii w`‡K DËi w`‡Ki †e‡Mi
Dcvsk = ?
(K) g‡b Kwi, ce© w`‡Ki Dcvsk = Ay
Avgiv cvB,
Ay = (5 km hr1) cos 90°
= (5 km hr1)  0
=0
 Ay = 0 (Ans.)
(L) g‡b Kwi, cwðg w`‡Ki Dcvsk = By
Avgiv cvB,
By = (5 km hr1) cos 90°
[ DËi I cwðg w`‡Ki ga¨eZx© †KvY = 90°]
= (5 km hr1)  0
=0
 By = 0 (Ans.)
(M) g‡b Kwi, Lvov Dc‡ii w`‡Ki Dcvsk = Cy
Avgiv cvB,
Cy = (5 km h1) cos 90°
 [ DËi w`K I Lvov Dc‡ii w`‡Ki ga¨eZx© †KvY = 90°]
= (5km h1)  0
=0
 Cy = 0 (Ans.)

cÖkœ-20| evqy `w¶Y-ce© w`‡Ki gvSvgvwS †Kvb w`K

n‡Z DËi-cwðg w`‡K cÖevwnZ n‡”Q| evqyi †e‡Mi DËi-
gyLx I cwðg-gyLx Ask‡Ki gvb h_vµ‡g 3 km/hr I 4 km/hr
(K) evqyi cÖK…Z †eM KZ ? (L) evqy DËi w`‡Ki mv‡_
KZ †Kv‡Y cÖevwnZ n‡”Q ?
mgvavb : †`Iqv Av‡Q,
DËi-gyLx AskK, P = 3km /hr
cwðg-gyLx Ask‡K, Q = 4 km /hr
DËi-gyLx AskK Abyf‚wgK Ges cwðg-gyLx AskK Dj¤^ n‡j,  =
90°
(K)†ei Ki‡Z n‡e, evqyi cÖK…Z †eM, R = ?
Avgiv Rvwb,
2 2
R= P  Q  2PQ cos 
= 3km h  1 2  4km h  1 2  2 3 km h  1 4km h  1 cos 90
= 9 km 2 h  2  16km 2 h  2  0 [ cos 90° = 0]
= 25 km2hr  2
= 5 km h1 (Ans.)
(L) g‡b Kwi, evqy DËi w`‡Ki mv‡_  †Kv‡Y cÖevwnZ n‡”Q|
†ei Ki‡Z n‡e, †KvY  = ?
Avgiv Rvwb,
Q sin 
tan  = P  Q cos 
4 km hr  1 sin 90 
= 3 km hr  1  4 km h  1 cos 90 
4 km hr  1 4
= 3 km hr  1  0 = 3
 4
 
ev,  = tan 1
 3
  = 53° 7 © (Ans.)

cÖkœ-21| `ywU w`K ivwki jwäi m‡e©v”P gvb 12 GKK

Ges me©wbæ gvb 2 GKK| ivwk؇qi gvb wbY©q Ki|
mgvavb : g‡b Kwi, w`K ivwk `ywU P I Q
†`Iqv Av‡Q, P I Q Gi m‡e©v”P gvb 12 GKK Ges me©wbæ gvb
2 GKK|
†ei Ki‡Z n‡e, P I Q = ?
Avgiv Rvwb, `ywU w`K ivwki m‡e©v”P gvb Zv‡`i gv‡bi
†hvMd‡ji mgvb Ges me©wbæ gvb G‡`i e„nËgwU n‡Z
¶z`ªZiwUi we‡qvMd‡ji gv‡bi mgvb|
myZivs, P + Q = 12 ……… (i)
P – Q = 2 ………. (ii)
(i) bs I (ii) bs mgxKiY †hvM K‡i cvB,
P + Q = 12
P–Q=2
2P = 14
ev, P = 7
 P = 7 GKK (Ans.)
(i) bs G P Gi gvb ewm‡q cvB,
 7 + Q = 12
ev, Q = 12  7 = 5
 Q = 5 GKK (Ans.)
cÖkœ-22| `ywU mggv‡bi †f±i GKwU we›`y‡Z wµqvkxj|
G‡`i jwäi gvb †h †Kvb GKwU †f±‡ii gv‡bi mgvb|
†f±i؇qi ga¨eZx© †KvY KZ ?
mgvavb : g‡b Kwi, mggv‡bi `yBwU †f±i
P=Q=x
cÖkœg‡Z, R = x
†ei Ki‡Z n‡e, †f±i؇qi ga¨eZx© †KvY,  = ?
Avgiv Rvwb,
R2 = P2 + Q2 + 2PQ cos
ev, x2 = x2 + x2 + 2x2 cos
ev, x2 = 2x2 + 2x2 cos
ev, x2 = 2x2(1 + cos )
ev, 1 = 2 (1 + cos)
ev, 1 + cos =
ev, cos =
ev, cos = cos120
  = 120 (Ans.)

cªkœ-23| GKwU BwÄb PvwjZ †bŠKvi †eM NÈvq 14

wK‡jvwgUvi| GKwU b`x AvovAvwo cvi n‡Z n‡j
†bŠKvwU‡K †Kvb& w`‡K Pvjv‡Z n‡e ? (†mªv‡Zi †eM
NÈvq 7 km) |
mgvavb : †`Iqv Av‡Q, †bŠKvi †eM, B = 14 km h1
†mªv‡Zi †eM, A = 7 km h1
B †K A Gi mv‡_ Ggb †Kv‡Y () Pj‡Z n‡e hv‡Z Zv‡`i jwä R
nq hv A Gi mv‡_ AvovAvwo w`‡K|
†ei Ki‡Z n‡e, AvovAvwofv‡e b`x cvi nIqvi Rb¨ †bŠKv
Pvjv‡bvi w`K,  = ?
R
B


©
A
B sin 
Avgiv Rvwb, tan  = A  B cos 
B sin 
ev, tan 90° = A  B cos 
1 B sin 
ev, 0 = A  B cos 
ev, A + B cos  = 0
ev, 7 km hr1 + 14 km hr1 cos = 0
1
ev, cos  = – 2
 1
 
  = cos1  2  = 120°
  = 120° (Ans.)
cÖkœ-24| `ywU w`K ivwk A 1 Ges A 2 GKwU we›`y‡Z
GKB mg‡q wµqv K‡i| A 1 Gi gvb 4 GKK Ges GwU
Abyf‚wg‡Ki mv‡_ 30° †KvY Drcbœ K‡i| A 2 Gi gvb 3
GKK Ges GwU Abyf‚wgK w`‡K wµqvkxj| jwäi
Abyf‚wgK I Dj¤^ AskK †ei Ki|
mgvavb : g‡b Kwi, jwäi gvb = R
Ges Abyf‚wgK I Dj¤^ AskK h_vµ‡g Rx I Ry
Y

A1
†`Iqv Av‡Q, A 1 Gi gvb = 4 GKK
A 2 Gi gvb = 3 GKK R
ga¨eZx© †KvY,  = 30°

†ei Ki‡Z n‡e, Rx = ? 30° X
Ry = ? A2
2 2
Avgiv cvB, R = A 1  A 2  2A 1 A 2 cos 30
= 4  3  2 4 3 cos 30
2 2

= 45.78 = 6.766
4 sin 30 
GLb, tan  = [ n‡jv R Ges A Gi ga¨eZ©x †KvY]
3  4 cos 30 
2
ev, tan  = 6.46
ev, tan  = 0.3096
  = tan 1 (0.3096) = 17°12©
 jwäi Abyf‚wgK Dcvsk, Rx = R cos 
= 6.766 cos 17°12©
= 6.46 (Ans.)
Ges jwäi Dj¤^ Dcvsk, Ry = R sin 
= 6.6766 sin 17°12´
= 1.99 = 2 (Ans.)

cÖkœ-25| A 10 î  10 ĵ  5k̂ ; (1) A Gi gvb wbY©q Ki|

(2) A Gi w`‡K GKwU GKK †f±i wbY©q Ki|
mgvavb :
(1)†`Iqv Av‡Q, A 10î  10 ĵ  5k̂
†ei Ki‡Z n‡e, A Gi gvb , A = ?
A = 102  102   52
= 225
= 15
 A Gi gvb = 15 (Ans.)
(2)†`Iqv Av‡Q, A 10î  10 ĵ  5k̂
†ei Ki‡Z n‡e, GKK †f±i, n̂ = ?
 A
Avgiv Rvwb, n̂ = A

10 î  10 ĵ  5 k̂
=
102  102   52
10 î  10 ĵ  5 k̂
=
225
10 î  10 ĵ  5 k̂
=
15
2 2 1
 n̂ = î  ĵ  k̂ (Ans.)
3 3 3
cªkœ-26| P  3 î  4 ĵ  2k̂ ; Q 5 î  2 ĵ  k̂
(1) P  Q = KZ ? (2) P  Q = KZ ? (3) Q  P = KZ ?
mgvavb :
†`Iqv Av‡Q, P = 3î  4 ĵ  2k̂
Q = 5î  2 ĵ  k̂
(1) †ei Ki‡Z n‡e, PQ = ?
P  Q  3î  4 ĵ  2k̂  5î  2 ĵ  k̂
= 8î  2 ĵ  3k̂ (Ans.)
(2) †ei Ki‡Z n‡e, P Q= ?
P  Q = 3î  4 ĵ  2k̂  5î  2 ĵ  k̂
=  2î  6 ĵ  k̂ (Ans.)
 
(3)†ei Ki‡Z n‡e, Q  P = ?
Q  P = 5î  2 ĵ  k̂  3î  4 ĵ  2k̂
= 2î  6 ĵ  k̂ (Ans.)

cÖkœ-27| OABC GKwU mvgvšwiK| Gi mwbœwnZ

evûØq OA Ges OC, KY© OB Gi mv‡_ h_vµ‡g 30° I 40°
†KvY Drcbœ K‡i| K‡Y©i ˆ`N¨© 20 †[Link]. n‡j, OA Ges
OC Gi ˆ`N¨© KZ ?
mgvavb :C
B

20 cm
40°
30°
O A

†`Iqv Av‡Q,
OABC mvgvšwi‡Ki mwbœwnZ evûØq OA I OC, KY© OB Gi
mv‡_ h_vµ‡g 30° I 40° †KvY ˆZwi K‡i| K‡Y©i ˆ`N¨© OB = 20
cm
†ei Ki‡Z n‡e, ˆ`N©¨ OA = ?
OC = ?
 20 sin 40 
Avgiv cvB, OA =

sin 30   40   [†f±‡ii Dcvsk mÎ e¨envi K‡i]
20 sin 40 
=
sin 70 
= 13.68 cm
 OA = 13.68 cm (Ans.)
20 sin 30 
Ges OC = sin 30   40 
20 sin 30 
= sin 70 
= 10.64 cm
 OC = 10.64 cm (Ans.)

cÖkœ-28 (K)| †Kvb we›`y P Gi ¯’vbv¼ (2,3, 4) n‡j

we›`ywUi Ae¯’vb †f±i wbY©q Ki| (L) A (2,1, 3) Ges B
(1, 2, 3) we›`y؇qi ms‡hvMKvix w`K ivwkwU wbY©q
Ki|
mgvavb :
(K)†`Iqv Av‡Q, P-Gi ¯’vbv¼ (2, 3, 4)

†ei Ki‡Z n‡e, P we›`yi Ae¯’vb †f±i, r = ?
Avgiv Rvwb, r xî  yĵ  zk̂
GLv‡b, x = 2, y = 3, z = 4
 r = 2î  3 ĵ  4k̂ (Ans.)
(L) †`Iqv Av‡Q, A(2, 1, 3) Ges B(1, 2, 3)
†ei Ki‡Z n‡e, A I B we›`y؇qi ms‡hvMKvix w`K ivwk AB = ?
A we›`yi Ae¯’vb †f±i, r1 2î  ĵ  3k̂
B we›`yi Ae¯’vb †f±i, r2  î  2 ĵ  3k̂
Avgiv cvB, AB r2  r1
= – î  2 ĵ  3k̂  2î  ĵ  3k̂
=  3î  3 ĵ  6k̂ (Ans.)

cÖkœ-29| P 5 î  ĵ  3k̂ ; Q k̂ (1) P . Q = KZ ? (2) P Q =

KZ ?
mgvavb :
(1) †`Iqv Av‡Q,

P 5î  ĵ  3k̂

Q k̂
 
†ei Ki‡Z n‡e, P. Q = ?
Avgiv
 
cvB,
P. Q = 5î  ĵ  3k̂ . k̂
   
= 5 î. k̂ – ĵ. k̂ + 3 k̂. k̂  
=0–0+3
= 3 (Ans)
(2)†`Iqv Av‡Q, P 5î  ĵ  3k̂ Ges Q k̂
†ei Ki‡Z n‡e, P Q = ?
 î ĵ k̂
P Q 5 1 3
= 0 0 1
= î (1 0)  j (50) + k̂ (00)
=  î  5 ĵ (Ans.)

cÖkœ-30| `ywU †f±‡ii †¯‹jvi ¸Ydj 18 GKK| G‡`i †f±i

¸Yd‡ji gvb 6 3 GKK| †f±i؇qi ga¨eZx© †KvY KZ ?
mgvavb : †`Iqv Av‡Q, A.B = 18 GKK
A B
=6 3
†ei Ki‡Z n‡e, ga¨eZx© †KvY,  = ?
Avgiv Rvwb, A . B = AB cos
ev, 18 = ABcos
 AB cos = 18 …………. (i)
Avevi, A B = AB sin 
ev, 6 3 = AB sin
 AB sin = 6 3 ………. (ii)
(ii)  (i) bs n‡Z cvB,
AB sin  6 3
AB cos  = 18
3
ev, tan  = 3
1
ev, tan  = 3
1
Zvn‡j,  = tan–1 3
  = 30° (Ans.)

cÖkœ-31| P  î  ĵ  k̂ ; Q 2î  2 ĵ  2k̂ ; †`LvI †h, P Ges Q ci¯•i

mgvšivj|
mgvavb : †`Iqv Av‡Q, P = î  ĵ  k̂
Q = 2î  2 ĵ  2k̂
P Ges Q ci¯•i mgvšivj n‡e, hw`, P  Q = 0 nq|
  
GLb, P  Q = î  ĵ  k̂  2î  2 ĵ  2k̂
î ĵ k̂
1 1 1
= 2 2 2

= î 2  2 ĵ2  2 k̂ 2  2

=00+0
=0
 P I Q ci¯•i mgvšivj| (cÖgvwYZ)

cªkœ-32| A = 3 î  ĵ + 3 k̂ ; B = î  4 ĵ + 2 k̂ ; A eivei B Gi j¤^

Awf‡¶c wbY©q Ki|
mgvavb : †`Iqv Av‡Q, A = 3 î  ĵ + 3 k̂
B = î  4 ĵ + 2 k̂
†ei Ki‡Z n‡e, A eivei B Gi j¤^ Awf‡¶c B cos  = ?
g‡b Kwi, A I B Gi ga¨eZx© †KvY = 
Avgiv Rvwb, A . B = AB cos
A.B
ev, Bcos  = A
3î  ĵ  3k̂ . î  4 ĵ  2k̂ 
= 32   12  32
346 13
= 9  1  9 = 19 (Ans.)

cÖkœ-33| GKB we›`y‡Z GKB mg‡q wµqviZ `ywU

†f±‡ii gvb mgvb| †`LvI †h, G‡`i jwä †f±i؇qi ga¨eZx©
†KvY‡K mgwØLwÛZ K‡i|
mgvavb : †`Iqv Av‡Q,
GKB we›`y‡Z GKB mg‡q wµqviZ `ywU †f±‡ii gvb mgvb|
†`Lv‡Z n‡e ,†f±i؇qi jwä †f±i؇qi ga¨eZx© †KvY‡K
mgwØLwÊZ K‡i|
awi, †f±iØq A Ges B Ges G‡`i ga¨eZx© †KvY =  Ges jwä
†f±i A Gi mwnZ ´ †KvY Drcbœ K‡i|
B sin θ
Zvn‡j , © = tan1 A  B cos θ
B sin θ
= tan1 B  B cos θ [ A =B]
sin θ
= tan1 1  cos θ
  θ
2 sin
. cos sin
2 2 2
= tan1  = tan1 cos θ
2 cos 2
2 2
θ
= tan1 tan 2
θ
 © = 2
A_©vr, jwä †f±i؇qi ga¨eZx© †KvY‡K mgwØLwÊZ K‡i|
(†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)

cÖkœ-34| `ywU †f±‡ii gvb h_vµ‡g 10 Ges 15 GKK| Zviv

ci¯•‡ii mv‡_ mg‡Kv‡Y wµqv K‡i| G‡`i †f±i ¸Yd‡ji gvb
KZ n‡e †ei Ki| 
mgvavb : †`Iqv Av‡Q, A = 10 GKK

B = 15 GKK
 = 90  
†ei Ki‡Z n‡e, A B = ?
   
Avgiv Rvwb, A B = sin A B
= 10  15  sin 90
= 10  15  1
= 150 GKK (Ans.)
cÖkœ-35| GKwU †e‡Mi Abyf‚wgK I Dj¤^ As‡ki gvb
h_vµ‡g 60 ms1 I 80 ms1| †eMwUi gvb KZ ?
mgvavb : †`Iqv Av‡Q,
†e‡Mi AbyfzwgK Dcvsk, P = 60 ms–1
Dj¤^ Dcvsk, Q = 80 ms–1
Dcvsk؇qi ga¨eZ©x †KvY, = 90
†ei Ki‡Z n‡e, jwä †eM, R = ?
Avgiv Rvwb,
R=
=
= ms–1
 R = 100 ms–1 (Ans)

cÖkœ-36| `ywU KYv h_vµ‡g 12 ms1 I 20 ms1 †e‡M 120°

†KvY Drcbœ K‡i †Kvb GKwU we›`y‡K AwZµg Kij| 4 s
c‡i Zv‡`i ga¨Kvi `iZ¡ KZ n‡e ?
mgvavb 
: †`Iqv Av‡Q,
P Gi gvb = (12  4) ms
–1
–1
 = 48 ms
Q Gi gvb = (20  4) ms–1
= 80 ms–1
ga¨eZx© †KvY,  = 120
†ei Ki‡Z n‡e, ga¨eZx© `iZ¡, R = ?
Avgiv Rvwb, R=
=
=
=
= 112 m (Ans.)

cÖkœ-37| GKwU e¯‘KYvi †eM 6 ms1| Zvi MwZi mv‡_ 90

†Kv‡Y 2 ms2 Gi GKwU Z¡iY wµqv K‡i| 4 s ci KYvwUi †eM I
miY KZ n‡e ?
mgvavb : †`Iqv Av‡Q, ux = 6ms1
ay = 2 ms2

GLb, u = ux î + uy ĵ
= ux î [ uy = 0]
= 6 î

Avevi, a = ax î + ay ĵ
= 2 ĵ [ ax = 0]
  
Avgiv Rvwb, u  atv
= 6 î + 2t ĵ
GLb, t = 4 s ci

v = 6î  8 ĵ

 v  (6) 2  (8) 2
=
= = 10 ms1 (Ans.)
   1
Avevi, S ut  at 2
2
= 6t î  t 2 ĵ
 t = 4s ci

S 24î  16 ĵ

 S  (24) 2  (16) 2
=
=
= 28.84 m (Ans.)
 
cÖkœ-38| A 2î  2 ĵ  k̂ I B 6î  3 ĵ  2k̂ `ywU †f±i ivwk|
 
(K) AI B Gi gvb wbY©q Ki|

(L) (2A  3B) Gi gvb wbY©q Ki|

mgvavb : †`Iqv Av‡Q, A 2î  2 ĵ  k̂

B 6î  3 ĵ  2k̂
 
(K) †ei Ki‡Z n‡e, A = ? Ges B ?
 2 2 2
Avgiv cvB, A  (2)  (2)  ( 1)
=
= 3 (Ans.)
 2 2 2
Avevi, B  (6)  ( 3)  (2)
=
=
= 7 (Ans.)  
(L) †ei Ki‡Z n‡e, 2A  3B Gi gvb = ?
 
 2A  3B = 2(2î  2 ĵ  k̂ )  3(6î  3 ĵ  2k̂ )
= 4î  4 ĵ  2k̂  18î  9 ĵ  6k̂
= 22î  5 ĵ  4k̂
 
 2A  3B =
=
=
=
= 5(Ans.)

cÖkœ-39| P I Q `ywU we›`yi ¯’vbv¼ h_vµ‡g (4,  2, 1) I (3, 1, 

2)|
(K) G‡`i Ae¯’vb †f±i wbY©q Ki|
(L) PQ †f±i ivwk I Gi gvb †ei Ki|
mgvavb : W. Zdv¾j †nv‡m‡bi 11 bs cÖ‡kœi Abyiƒc|
DËi : (K) 4î  2 ĵ  k̂ I 3î  ĵ  2k̂
(L) PQ  î  3 ĵ  3k̂ I PQ  19
  
cÖkœ-40| A 2î  2 ĵ  k̂ I B 6î  3 ĵ  2k̂ `ywU †f±i ivwk| A Gi
mgvšiv‡j GKwU GKK †f±i wbY©q Ki|

mgvavb : †`Iqv Av‡Q, A 2î  2 ĵ  k̂
 
†ei Ki‡Z n‡e, A Gi mgvšiv‡j GKK †f±i n̂ ?
A
n̂  
Avgiv Rvwb, A

2î  2 ĵ  k̂
= (2)  (2) 2  ( 1) 2
2

2î  2 ĵ  k̂
= 4  4 1
2î  2 ĵ  k̂
 n̂ = 3 (Ans.)

cÖkœ-41|GKwU mvgvšwi‡Ki mwbœwnZ evû `ywU

h_vµ‡g
A = î  4 ĵ  k̂ I B =  2 î  ĵ + k̂ | Gi †¶Îdj wbY©q Ki|
mgvavb : †`Iqv Av‡Q,
A = î  4 ĵ  k̂ Ges B =  2 î  ĵ + k̂ †hLv‡b A I B GKwU
mvgvšwi‡Ki `ywU mwbœwnZ evû|
†ei Ki‡Z n‡e, mvgvšwi‡Ki †¶Îdj = ?
Avgiv Rvwb,
mvgvšwi‡Ki †¶Îdj = | A  B |
GLb, A  B = î ĵ k̂
1 4 1
2 1 1
= î ( 4 1)  ĵ (12) + k̂ (18)
= –5 î + ĵ  9 k̂
=  5  1   9
2 2 2
 |A  B|
= 107
 mvgvšwiKwUi †¶Îdj 107 eM© GKK (Ans.)

cÖkœ-42| GKRb †jvK †mªvZnxb Ae¯’vq 100 wgUvi

cÖk¯ GKwU b`x 4 wgwb‡U †mvRvmywR muvZwi‡q cvi
n‡Z cv‡i; wKš‘ †mªvZ _vK‡j †m GKB c‡_ 5 wg‡b‡U G‡K
AwZµg K‡i| †mªv‡Zi MwZ‡eM wbY©q Ki|
mgvavb :

V1 V2

†`Iqv Av‡Q, cÖ¯’ S = 100 wgUvi

mgq t1 = 4 wgwbU
Ges t2 = 5 wgwbU
†ei Ki‡Z n‡e, v=?
g‡b Kwi, †mªv‡Zi †eM = v
†jvKwUi †eM = v1
Avgiv Rvwb, S = v1t1
 ev, 100 wgUvi = v1  4 wgwbU
 v1 = 25 wgUvi /wgwbU
awi, jwä †eM = v2
Avgiv Rvwb, S = v2t2
100 wgUvi
ev, v2 = 5 wgUvi
= 20 wgUvi / wgwbU
 Avgiv cvB, v12 = v2 + v22
A_©vr, (25)2 = v2 + (20)2
 v = 15 wgUvi/ wgwbU
DËi : 15 wgUvi /wgwbU

cÖkœ-43| w`K ivwk A Gi `ywU Dcvsk Ax = 6 I Ay = 8. X-

A‡¶i mv‡_ w`K ivwk A KZ wWMÖx †Kv‡Y Av‡Q ?
mgvavb : †`Iqv Av‡Q, Ax = 6
Ay = 8 Y

Ay A

X
g‡b Kwi, Ax
w`K ivwk A, X-A‡¶i mv‡_ †Kv‡Y Av‡Q|
†ei Ki‡Z n‡e, †KvY  = ?
Avgiv Rvwb, Ax = A cos ......................(i)
Ges Ay = A sin ...................... (ii)
(ii) bs †K (i) bs Øviv fvM K‡i cvB
Ay
tan  = A x
Ay 8
ev,  = tan A x = tan–1 6
–1

  = 53.13° (Ans.)

cÖkœ-44| GKwU RvnvR ce©-DËi w`‡K 60° †Kv‡Y 130

km `iZ¡ AwZµg Kij| RvnvRwU hvÎvwe›`y n‡Z KZ`i
DËi I KZ`i ce© w`‡K †Mj ?
mgvavb : †`Iqv Av‡Q,
DËi
 = 60°
A = 130 km
AN
†ei Ki‡Z n‡e,
DËi w`‡Ki `iZ¡, AN = 60°?
Ges ce© w`‡Ki `iZ¡,AA E
E = ? ce
wPÎ †_‡K, ©
AE = (130 km) cos 60°
= 65 km (Ans.)
Ges AN = (130 km) sin 60°
= 112.6 km (Ans.)
 
cÖkœ-45| wP‡Î cÖ`wk©Z †f±i A I B Gi mgwó A  B I Aši
A – B wbY©q Ki|
Y
 15 N
B
(6 N)
30°
X
mgvavb : Avgiv Rvwb,
A + B = (Ax î + Ay ĵ ) + (Bx î + By ĵ )...............(i)
Ges A  B = (Ax î + Ay ĵ ) – (Bx î + By ĵ )...........(ii)
GLv‡b, Ax = – 6 cos 0° Ges Bx = B cos 30°
=–6 = 15 cos 30°
= 13
Ay = A sin 0° By = B sin 30°
=60 = 15 sin 30°
=0 = 7.5
(i) bs n‡Z cvB,
7.5
A + B = – 6 î + 13 î + 7.5 ĵ 1 = tan–1 7
= 7 î + 7.5 ĵ = 47°
 |A +B | = (7) 2  (7.5) 2
= 10.25
Avevi, (ii) bs n‡Z cvB,
A – B = – 6 î – 13 î – 7.5 ĵ
= – 19 î – 7.5 ĵ
 7.5
 | A– B| = ( 19) 2  ( 7.5) 2 2 = tan–1  19
= 20.42 = 21.54°
DËi : | A + B | = 10.25, X-A‡¶i mv‡_ 47° †Kv‡Y Aew¯’Z|
| A – B | = 20.42, X-A‡¶i mv‡_ 21.54° †Kv‡Y Aew¯’Z|

cÖkœ-46| GKRb †jvK cÖ_‡g ce©w`‡K 5.12 km Ges Zvici

`w¶Y w`‡K 3.87 km wM‡q wekÖvg †bq (wPÎ-2)|
hvÎvwe›`y n‡Z †jvKwUi wekÖv‡gi `iZ¡ R Gi gvb I w`K
wbY©q Ki|
mgvavb : †`Iqv Av‡Q,
ce© w`‡K, P = 5.12 km
`w¶Y w`‡K, Q = 3.87 km
ce© I `w¶Y w`‡Ki ga¨eZ©x †KvY,  = 90°
5.12 k m c
 e
3.87 km©
R

`w¶
Y
g‡b Kwi,
R ce©w`‡Ki mwnZ  †KvY Drcbœ K‡i‡Q
†ei Ki‡Z n‡e, R = ? Ges  = ?
Avgiv Rvwb,
R= P 2  Q 2  2PQ cos 
= (5.12)2  (3.87)2  2 (5.12) (3.87) cos 90 km
= 26.21  14.98  0 km
= 6.42 km
 Q sin  
Avevi, Avgiv Rvwb,  = tan–1  P  Q cos  
 3.87. sin 90
= tan–1 5.12  3.87 cos 90
= – 37.1°
 = – 37.1°
DËi : R = 6.42 km Ges  = – 37.1°

cÖkœ-47| w`K ivwk A I B Gi ga¨eZ©x

†KvY 60°| Zv‡`i jw× †f±i R Gi gvb KZ ? A Gi
mv‡c‡¶ R Gi w`K wK n‡e ?
mgvavb : D`vniY 1 Gi Abyiƒc|
DËi : R = 7.0;  = 21.79°
60°
|| = 5m
cÖkœ-48| `ywU †f±i ivwk = 2 î + 3 ĵ Ges B = 3 î – 4 ĵ n‡j
(i) C = + B Ges (ii) D = 3 A –2 B Gi gvb KZ ?
mgvavb :
(i) †`Iqv Av‡Q, A = 2 î + 3 ĵ
Ges B = 3 î – 4 ĵ
†ei Ki‡Z n‡e C = A + B = ?
C = +B
 C = 2 î + 3 ĵ + 3 î – 4 ĵ = 5 î – ĵ
DËi : C = 5 î – ĵ
(ii) †`Iqv Av‡Q, A = 2 î + 3 ĵ
B = 3 î – 4 ĵ
†ei Ki‡Z n‡e D = 3A – 2B = ?
D = 3A– 2B
 D = 3 (2 î + 3 ĵ ) – 2(3 î – 4 ĵ )
= 6 î + 9 ĵ – 6 î + 8 ĵ
= 17 ĵ
DËi : D = 17 ĵ

cÖkœ-49| GKwU †f±i a Gi gvb 1.5 m Ges ce©w`‡K gyL

K‡i Av‡Q| GB †f±‡ii Av‡jv‡K wbæwjwLZ †f±i¸‡jvi gvb I
w`K wb‡`©k Ki : (K) – a , (L) a 2 (M) – 2.5 a (N) 5 a
mgvavb : †`Iqv Av‡Q,
DËi
a = 1.5 m ce©

cw ce
ðg ©
`w¶
†ei Ki‡Z n‡e,
– a , a ;  2.5a
2
Ges 5a
(K) a = 1.5 m ce©
 – a = 1.5 m cwðg (Ans.)
(L) | a | = 1.5 m
ev, | a | 1.5m = 0.75 m
2 2

 | a | = 0.75 m
2
a
Gi w`K a Gi w`‡K n‡e A_©vr ce© w`‡K
2

 a = 0.75 m ce© (Ans.)

2
(M) | a | = 1.5 m
ev, 2.5 | a | = 2.5  1.5 m
 2.5 | a | = 3.75 m
Avevi, – 2.5 a Gi w`K a Gi wecixZ w`‡K n‡e, A_©vr cwðg
w`‡K|
 2.5 a = 3.75m cwð‡g (Ans.)
(N) | a | = 1.5 m
ev, 5  | a | = 5  1.5 m
 5 | a | = 7.5 m
Avevi, 5a Gi w`K n‡e a Gi w`‡K A_©vr ce© w`‡K|
 5 a = 7.5 m ce© (Ans.)
cÖkœ-50| P I Q `ywU †f±i †hvM Kiv nj| cÖgvY Ki †h,
G‡`i jwäi gvb P + Q Gi †P‡q †ewk ev P – Q Gi †P‡q Kg
n‡Z cv‡i bv|
mgvavb : R = P 2  Q2  2PQ cos 
cos-Gi gvb m‡e©v”P n‡j R m‡e©v”P cos- Gi m‡e©v”P
gvb =1
 cos  =1
cos  = cos 0°
 = 0°
Avgiv Rvwb, hLb P I Q Gi gvb w¯’i ZLb  Gi gvb hZ Kg n‡e
jw×i gvb ZZ †ewk n‡e|
myZivs  = 0° n‡j jw×i gvb me‡P‡q †ewk n‡e Ges  = 180°
n‡j jw×i gvb me‡P‡q Kg n‡e|
Avgiv Rvwb, jwäi gvb, R= P 2  Q2  2PQ cos 
  = 0° n‡j, R= P 2  Q 2  2PQ cos 0

= P 2  Q 2  2PQ [ cos = 1]
 = ( P  Q) 2
R =P+Q
 jwäi m‡e©v”P gvb n‡Z cv‡i, P + Q
Avevi,  = 180° n‡j,
R = P 2  Q 2  2PQ cos 180
= P 2  Q2  2PQ( 1) [ cos180° = –1]
= ( P  Q) 2
R =P–Q
 jwäi me©wbæ gvb n‡Z cv‡i, P – Q
myZivs P I Q Gi jwäi gvb P + Q Gi †P‡q †ewk ev P – Q Gi †P‡q
Kg n‡Z cv‡i bv| (cÖgvwYZ)

cÖkœ-51| wÎ-gvwÎK ¯’vbvsK e¨e¯’vq GKwU †f±‡ii

Avw` we›`yi ¯’vbv¼ (5, 4, 3) Ges †kl we›`yi ¯’vbvsK (8,
6, 5)| †f±iwUi gvb wbY©q Ki|
mgvavb : †`Iqv Av‡Q, GKwU †f±‡ii Avw` we›`yi ¯’vbv¼ =
(5, 4, 3)
Ges †kl we›`yi ¯’vbv¼ = (8, 6, 5)
g‡b Kwi, †f±iwU
†ei Ki‡Z n‡e, †f±iwUi gvb | | = ?
X A¶ eivei Gi Dcvs‡ki gvb, Ax = 8 – 5 = 3
Y A¶ eivei Gi Dcvs‡ki gvb, Ay = 6 – 4 = 2
Ges Z A¶ eivei Gi Dcvs‡ki gvb,
Az = 5 – 3 = 2
 Avgiv Rvwb,
Gi gvb | |= A x 2  A y 2  A z 2
= (3) 2  (2) 2  (2) 2
= 944
= 17 (Ans.)

cªkœ-52| A I B `ywU miY †f±‡ii X, Y I Z-Dcvsk¸‡jv

wgUvi-G wbæiƒc :
Ax = 5.0, Ay = 0, Az = – 2.0;
Bx = – 3.0, By = 4, Bz = 6;
†f±i `ywUi jwäi gvb wbY©q Ki|
mgvavb : †`Iqv Av‡Q, Ax = 5.0 m; Ay = 0 m; Az = – 2.0 m
Ges Bx = – 3.0 m; By= 4m; Bz = 6 m
†ei Ki‡Z n‡e, jwäi gvb, |R| = ?
R =A + B
= (Ax î + Ay ĵ + Az k̂ ) + (Bx î + By ĵ + Bz k̂ )
= 5 î + 0 ĵ – 2 k̂ – 3 î + 4 ĵ + 6 k̂
= 2 î + 4 ĵ + 4 k̂
|R| = (2) 2  (4) 2  (4) 2 m
 = 4  16  16 m
= 36 m
= 6 m (Ans.)

cÖkœ-53| `yÕwU †f±i ivwki e„nËi jw× 14 GKK Ges

¶z`ªZi jwä 2 GKK| ivwk `yÕwU ci¯•‡ii mv‡_ 90° †Kv‡Y
GKwU KYvi Dci wµqv Kij| jwäi gvb wbY©q Ki|
mgvavb : g‡b Kwi,
 
†f±i ivwk `ywU h_vµ‡g P I Q
kZ©g‡Z, P + Q = 14 ..........(1)
P  Q = 2 .............(2)
(1) I (2) bs mgxKiY †hvM K‡i cvB,
P = 8 Ges Q = 6
awi, jwä = R
†`Iqv Av‡Q,
 = 90
R =
=
=
=
 R= 10 GKK (Ans.)

cÖkœ-54| GKwU †bŠKv ce© w`‡K

NÈvq 6 wK‡jvwgUvi †e‡M hvw”Qj|
H mgq evZvm †mvRv DËi w`‡K DËi
w`K
NÈvq 8 wK‡jvwgUvi †e‡M cÖevwnZ
nw”Qj| †bŠKvwUi cÖK…Z †eM 8 km/h I
w`K wbY©q Ki| 

mgvavb : †`Iqv Av‡Q, 6 km/h ce©

†bŠKvi †eM, v1 = 6 km/h w`K

evZv‡mi †eM, v2 = 8 km/h

Ges G‡`i ga¨eZ©x †KvY, = 90°
g‡b Kwi,
†bŠKvi cÖK…Z †eM = v hv ce© w`‡Ki mv‡_  †KvY Drcbœ
Ki‡Q|
†ei Ki‡Z n‡e, v= ?
=?
Avgiv Rvwb,
v = v12  v 2 2  2v1 v 2 cos 
= (6) 2  (8) 2  2 6 8 cos 90
= 36  64  0 km/h [ cos 90° = 0]
= 100 km/h
 = 10 km/h (Ans.)
v 2 sin 
Avevi, tan = v  v cos 
1 2

8 sin 90
= 6  8 cos 90
8
=6 [ sin 90° = 1 Ges cos 90° = 0]
  = 53.13°
A_©vr, †bŠKvi cÖK…Z †e‡Mi w`K ce© w`‡Ki m‡½ 53.13°
†Kv‡Y DËi w`‡K| (Ans.)

cÖkœ-55| GKwU †e‡Mi Abyf‚wgK I Dj¤^ As‡ki gvb

h_vµ‡g 60 wgUvi/†m. I 80 wgUvi/†m./| †eMwUi gvb
KZ ?
mgvavb : †`Iqv Av‡Q, vx = 60 ms1
vy = 80 ms1

†ei Ki‡Z n‡e †eM v Gi gvb = ?
  
Avgiv cvB, v v x î  v y ĵ
= 60 î + 80 ĵ

 v
=
=

 v = 100 ms1 (Ans.)

cÖkœ-56| GKwU Rvnv‡Ri †e‡Mi ce©gyLx Dcvs‡ki gvb

30 wK: wg:/NÈv Ges `w¶YgyLx Dcvs‡ki gvb 40 wK:
wg:/ NÈv| RvnvRwUi †e‡Mi Y gvb I w`K wbY©q Ki|
mgvavb : †`Iqv Av‡Q, vx X
vx = 30 wK: wg:/NÈv  ce
vy = 40 wK: wg:/NÈvvy V ©
†ei Ki‡Z n‡e, v=?
=? `w¶
g‡b Kwi, Y
RvnvRwUi †eM = v hv ce©w`‡Ki mwnZ  †Kv‡Y Av‡Q|
Avgiv Rvwb, v = vx î + vy ĵ
vx = vcos
 v cos = 30 ...................(i)
Avevi, vy = – v sin
 v sin = – 40 ................... (ii)
(i)2 + (ii)2 n‡Z cvB,
v2 cos2 + v2 sin2 = 9000 + 1600
ev, v2 (sin2  + cos2 ) = 2500
ev, v2 = 2500
 v = 50 wK: wg: / NÈv
(i) bs n‡Z cvB,
50 cos  = 30
 30
ev, cos  = 50 = 0.6
  = cos–1 0.6 = 53.13°
DËi : v = 50 wK: wg:/NÈv ce©w`‡Ki mv‡_ 53.13° †Kv‡Y `w¶Y
w`‡K|

cÖkœ-57| ci¯•i mg‡Kv‡Y Pjgvb `yÕwU e¯‘ cÖwZ

†m‡K‡Û 6 wgUvi I 8 wgUvi †e‡M Pj‡Z _vK‡j GKwUi
mv‡c‡¶ AciwUi †e‡Mi gvb KZ ?
mgvavb : †`Iqv Av‡Q, v1 = 6 ms1
v2 = 8 ms1
ga¨eZ©x †KvY,  = 90
†ei Ki‡Z n‡e, Av‡cw¶K †eM, v = ?
Avgiv Rvwb, v =
=
=
= 10 ms1 (Ans.)

cÖkœ-58| GKRb mvB‡Kj PvjK 5 wgUvi / †m. †e‡M

Pj‡Q| 5 wgUvi/ †m. †e‡M coš e„wói †duvUv KZ †Kv‡Y
Zvi Mv‡q co‡e ?
mgvavb : †`Iqv Av‡Q,
mvB‡Kj Pvj‡Ki †eM = 5 wg/†m.
e„wói †eM = 5 wg/†m.

evZ
vm5 mvB‡Kj
PvjK

R 5

g‡bKwi, e„wói jwäi †eM Dj¤^ w`‡Ki mv‡_  †KvY Drcbœ

K‡i|
†ei Ki‡Z n‡e,  = ?
5 wg/†
m.
Avgiv cvB, tan =
5 wg/†
m.
ev, tan = 1
ev, tan = tan 45°
  = 45°
e„wó 45° †Kv‡Y Zvi Mv‡q co‡e| (Ans.)
cÖkœ-59| hw` A = î + 2 ĵ – k̂ Ges B = 3 î – ĵ – 5 k̂ nq Z‡e,
cÖgvY Ki †h,
(A +B )  (A –B )  (A –B )  (A +B )
mgvavb : †`Iqv Av‡Q, = î + 2 ĵ – k̂
 Ges = 3 î – ĵ – 5 k̂
( + ) = î + 2 ĵ – k̂ +3 î – ĵ – 5 k̂
= 4 î + ĵ – 6 k̂
Ges ( – ) = î + 2 ĵ – k̂ – 3 î + ĵ + 5 k̂
= – 2 î + 3 ĵ +4 k̂
( + )( – )
î ĵ k̂
= 4 1 6
 2 3 4

= î (4 + 18) – ĵ (16 – 12) + k̂ (12 + 2)

= 22 î – 4 ĵ + 14 k̂
Avevi, ( – )  ( + )
î ĵ k̂
= 2 3 4
4 1 6

= î (–18 – 4) – ĵ (12 – 16) + k̂ (–2 – 12)

= – 22 î + 4 ĵ –14 k̂
 ( + )  ( – )  ( – )( + ) (cÖgvwYZ)

cÖkœ-60| A = Ax î + Ay ĵ + Az k̂ Ges B =Bx î + By ĵ + Bz k̂

Df‡qi j¤^ w`‡K †f±i ivwk wbY©q Ki|
mgvavb : †`Iqv Av‡Q,
= Ax î + Ay ĵ + Az k̂
Ges = Bx î + By ĵ + By k̂
g‡b Kwi, j¤^w`‡K †f±i ivwk = C
C = 
î ĵ k̂
= Ax Ay Az
Bx By Bz

 C = (AyBz – AzBy) î + (AzBx – AxBz) ĵ

+ (AxBy – AyBx) k̂ (DËi)

cÖkœ-61| A = î + ĵ + k̂ Ges B = 2 î – 3 ĵ – 2 k̂ , A I B Df‡qi j¤^

w`‡K GKK w`K ivwk wbY©q Ki|
mgvavb : †`Iqv Av‡Q, = î + ĵ + k̂
Ges = 2 î – 3 ĵ –2 k̂
g‡b Kwi, I Gi j¤^ w`‡K GKK w`K ivwk = n̂
 î ĵ k̂
GLb,  =1 1 1
2 3 2

= î (–2 + 3) – ĵ (–2–2) + k̂ (–3–2)

= î + 4 ĵ –5 k̂
î  4 ĵ  5k̂
 n̂ =
1  16  25
î  4 ĵ  5k̂
= (Ans.)
42
cÖkœ-62| Ggb GKwU GKK †f±i wbY©q Ki hv xy Z‡ji
mgvšivj Ges 2 î – 2 ĵ + 6 k̂ -Gi mv‡_ mg‡Kv‡Y Aew¯’Z|
mgvavb : xy Z‡j Aew¯’Z †f±i = xî  yĵ
kZ©g‡Z, ( xî  yĵ).(2î  2 ĵ  6k̂ ) 0
ev, 2x  2y = 0
ev, x = y
xî  yĵ
 GKK †f±i n̂ 
x 2  y2
xî  xĵ
= [ x = y]
2x 2
î  ĵ
= (Ans.)
2

cÖkœ-63| A = 5 î – 6 ĵ + 8 k̂ Ges B = 20 î + 6 ĵ – 8 k̂ †f±i

`yÕwUi jwäi gvb I w`K wbY©q Ki|
mgvavb : †`Iqv Av‡Q, A = 5 î – 6 ĵ + 8 k̂
Ges B = 20 î + 6 ĵ – 8 k̂
g‡b Kwi, jwäi gvb = | R |
GLb, R = +
= 5 î – 6 ĵ + 8 k̂ + 20 î +6 ĵ – 8 k̂
= 25 î
 R Gi w`K X-A¶ eivei|
 | R | = 25 2 = 25
DËi : jwäi gvb 25 Ges w`K X-A¶ eivei|

cÖkœ-64 | P = 2 î + k̂ Ges Q = – î + ĵ + 2 k̂ n‡j P I Q -Gi

ga¨eZ©x †Kv‡Yi mvB‡bi gvb wbY©q Ki|

mgvavb : †`Iqv Av‡Q, P 2î  k̂

Q  î  ĵ  2k̂
†ei Ki‡Z n‡e,   sin  = ?
Avgiv Rvwb, P.Q PQ cos 
 
P.Q
ev, cos =
PQ
(2î  k̂ ).( î  ĵ  2k̂ )
=
2 2  12 ( 1) 2  (1) 2  (2) 2
=
=0
 cos = 0
Avevi, sin =
=
 sin = 1 (Ans.)

cÖkœ-65| †Kvb mvgvšwi‡Ki mwbœwnZ evûØq

h_vµ‡g A I B †f±i `yÕwU Øviv wb‡`©wkZ n‡j †`LvI †h,
mvgvšwiKwUi †¶Îdj R = |A B | Q
mgvavb : †`Iqv Av‡Q,
OPQR mvgvšwi‡Ki B
OP  A Ges OR B 
RS  OP Uvwb| O S A P
Avgiv Rvwb,
mvgvšwi‡Ki †¶Îdj = f‚wg  D”PZv
= OP  RS
= OP  OR sin 
= AB sin 
=|  |
 mvgvšwiKwUi †¶Îdj = |  | (Showed)

cÖkœ-66| A = î + ĵ + k̂ Ges B = 2 î + 2 ĵ + 2 k̂ n‡j cÖgvY Ki

†h, †f±i `yÕwU ci¯•i mgvšivj|
mgvavb : †`Iqv Av‡Q, A = î + ĵ + k̂
Ges B = 2 î + 2 ĵ + 2 k̂
Avgiv Rvwb, `yÕwU †f±i ci¯•i mgvšivj n‡e hw` Zv‡`i µm
¸Yd‡ji gvb kb¨ nq|
î ĵ k̂
  = 1 1 1
2 2 2

= î (2 – 2) + ĵ (2 – 2) + ĵ (2 – 2)
=0
 I †f±iØq ci¯•i mgvšivj| (cÖgvwYZ)

cÖkœ-67| P = 4 GKK ce©w`‡K Ges Q = 3 GKK ce©w`‡Ki

mv‡_ 45° DËi w`‡K n‡j P . Q Gi gvb KZ ?
mgvavb : †`Iqv Av‡Q,
 P Gi
gvb = 4 GKK
Q Gi gvb = 3 GKK
Ges P Gi w`K ce©w`K Ges Q Gi w`K ce©w`‡Ki
mv‡_  = 45° DËi w`K
†ei Ki‡Z n‡e, P .Q = ?
Avgiv Rvwb, P . Q = PQ cos 
= 4  3 cos 45° GKK
1
= 12  GKK
2
= 6 2 GKK
DËi : 6 2 GKK

cÖkœ-68| P = 5 GKK ce©w`‡K Ges Q = 4 GKK ce©w`‡Ki

mv‡_ 30° DËi w`‡K n‡j P  Q Gi gvb KZ ?
mgvavb : †`Iqv Av‡Q,
P Gi gvb = 5 GKK
Q Gi gvb = 4 GKK
P Gi
w`K ce©w`K Ges Q Gi w`K ce© w`‡Ki mv‡_ 
= 30° DËi w`K|
†ei Ki‡Z n‡e, | P  Q | = ?
Avgiv Rvwb, P  Q = PQ sin 
= 5  4 sin 30° GKK
1
= 20  GKK
2
= 10 GKK
DËi : 10 GKK

Aa¨vq-2: †f±i
(((
25ms–1
River
400m
Boat
18ms–1
60
K. AvqZ GK †f±i Kv‡K e‡j? 1
L. jb‡ivjvi †Vjvi †P‡q Uvbv mnR †Kb? 2
M.†bŠKvwU Aci cÖv‡šÍ b`xi Zxi eivei KZ `~‡i wM‡q
†cuŠQv‡e? 3
N. hw` †bŠKvwU b`xi cÖ¯’ eivei iIbv nq Zvn‡j b`xwU cvi
n‡Z cÖ‡qvRbxq mgq, DÏxc‡K D‡jøwLZ Ae¯’vq b`xwU
cvi n‡Z cÖ‡qvRbxq mgq A‡cÿv †ewk bv Kg?
MvwYwZKfv‡e we‡kølY Ki| 4
1 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
( wÎgvwÎK Kv‡Z©mxq ¯’vbvsK e¨e¯’vi wZbwU abvÍK Aÿ
eivei †h wZbwU GKK †f±i we‡ePbv Kiv nq Zv‡`i‡K AvqZ
GKK †f±i e‡j|
( jb †ivjvi †Vjvi mgq Gi AvcZ IRb e„w× cvq wKš‘ Uvbvi mgq
AvcvZ IRb n«vm cvq| GRb¨ jb †ivjvi †Vjvi †P‡q Uvbv mnR|
F sin
F

F cos F
 
F1

(Fsin + mg)
(mg  Fsin)
m fi wewkó GKwU jb †ivjvi †K F e‡j Abyf‚wg‡Ki mv‡_  †Kv‡Y
†Vjvi †ÿ‡Î wb‡Pi w`‡K jwä ej nq (F sin + mg), hv jb †ivjv‡ii
wbR¯^ IRb mg A‡cÿv †ewk| Ab¨ w`‡K Uvbvi †ÿ‡Î wb‡Pi w`‡K
wµqvkxj ej nq (mg – F sin), d‡j †ivjviwU nvjKv g‡b nq|
( GLv‡b,
†bŠKvi †eM, u = 25 ms1
†mÖv‡Zi †eM, v = 18 ms1
†mÖv‡Zi w`‡Ki mv‡_ †bŠKvi †e‡Mi ga¨eZx© †KvY,  = 60
b`xi cÖ¯’, d = 400m
b`xi cÖ¯’ eivei †e‡Mi Dcvsk,
= u sin + v sin 0
= u sin 
 b`xwU cvi n‡Z cÖ‡qvRbxq mgq, t =
=
= 18.475 s
Avevi, †mÖv‡Zi w`K eivei †e‡Mi Dcvsk = u cos + v cos 0
= u cos + v
 †bŠKvwU Aci cÖv‡šÍ b`xi Zxi eivei x `~i‡Z¡ wM‡q
†cuŠQv‡j,
x = (u cos + v)t
= (25 ms1  cos 60 + 18 ms1)  18.475s
= 563.49 m (Ans.)
( GLv‡b, †bŠKvi †eM, u = 25 ms1
DÏxc‡K D‡jøwLZ Ae¯’vq b`x cvi n‡Z cÖ‡qvRbxq
mgq, t = 18.475 sec
b`xi cÖ¯’ d = 400m
GLb, †bŠKvwU hw` b`xi cÖ¯’ eivei iIbv nq Zvn‡j b`x cvi n‡Z
cÖ‡qvRbxq mgq t n‡j,
t =
= [  = 90]
= 16 sec
GLv‡b, t > t
AZGe, †bŠKvwU hw` b`xi cÖ¯’ eivei iIbv nq Zvn‡j b`xwU
cvi n‡Z cÖ‡qvRbxq mgq DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ Ae¯’vq b`xwU cvi
n‡Z cÖ‡qvRbxq mgq A‡cÿv Kg|
((( AvkdvK I †ønv `yB fvB †evb| evox †_‡K Zviv ¯^ ¯^ ¯‹z‡j
†Mj| Zv‡`i miY †f±i h_vµ‡g (= (2^+ ^+ 4^ wgUvi Ges (= (2^+ ^+
3^wgUvi| [XvKv K‡jR, XvKv]
K. wecÖZxc †f±i Kx? 1
L. Kvj© Gi Zvrch© e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
 M.`yÕR‡bi wkÿv cÖwZôv‡bi ga¨Kvi mivmwi `~iZ¡ KZ
n‡e? 3
N. †ønv Zvi ¯‹z‡j hvIqvi mgq Avkdv‡Ki ¯‹z‡ji w`K KZ
`~iZ¡ hv‡e wP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ we‡kølY Ki| 4
2 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
( `ywU mgvšÍivj †f±‡ii GKwUi gvb AciwUi wecixZ ivwk n‡j
G‡`i‡K ci¯ú‡ii wecÖZxc †f±i e‡j|
( Kv‡j©i Zvrch© wbæiƒc :
i. †Kv‡bv †f±‡ii Kvj© H †f±‡ii N~Y©b wb‡`©k K‡i| †Kv‡bv
we›`yi Pviw`‡K †f±iwU KZevi Ny‡i Kvj© Zv wb‡`©k K‡i|
ii. †Kv‡bv †f±‡ii Kvj© k~b¨ n‡j †f±iwU AN~b©Ykxj nq|
A_©vr, ( (= 0 n‡j (AN~Y©bkxj nq|
(

r2

A

O r1

awi, (= (= (2^+ ^+ 4^m

Ges (= (= (2^+ ^+ 3^m
Zvn‡j `yBR‡bi wkÿv cÖwZôv‡bi ga¨Kvi `~iZ¡
= AB = |( (| = |2^+ ^+ 4^ + 2^ ^ 3^| m
= |4^ + ^|m = = m (Ans.)
( GLv‡b, †ei Ki‡Z n‡e, †ønv Zvi ¯‹z‡j hvIqvi mgq Avkdv‡Ki
¯‹z‡ji w`‡K KZ `~iZ¡ hv‡e| A_©vr (Gi w`‡K ( Gi j¤^ Awf‡ÿc
OD wbY©q Ki‡Z n‡e|
B

A
D
O
( I (Gi ga¨Kvi †KvY  n‡j
( Gi j¤^ Awf‡ÿc, OD = r2 cos
†`Iqv Av‡Q,
(= (2^ + ^ + 4^)m
(= (2^ + ^ + 3^)m
 (.(=  4 + 1 + 12 = 9
Avgiv Rvwb,
(.(= |(| |(| cos 
ev, r2cos  =
ev, OD =
ev, OD =
ev, OD =
ev, OD =
 OD = Ans.
AZGe, †ønv Zvi ¯‹z‡j hvIqvi mgq Avkdv‡Ki ¯‹z‡ji w`‡K m
cwigvY `~iZ¡ hv‡e|
((( hw` (= 2^ + ^ ^Ges (= 3 ^  2^+ 4^Ges (= ^  3^+ 5 ^nq|
[wfKviæbwbmv b~b ¯‹zj GÛ K‡jR, XvKv]
K. U‡K©i msÁv `vI| 1
L. †`qv DÏxc‡K (mwjbqWvj n‡e Kx? 2
M.DÏxcK n‡Z MYbv Ki x-Aÿ Ges (+ ( + (Gi AšÍeZ©x †KvY
KZ? 3
N. DÏxcK n‡Z †`LvI †h (, (, (GKB Z‡j Ae¯’vb K‡i| 4
3 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
( †Kv‡bv `„p e¯‘i Ici ej cÖhy³ n‡j e¯‘wUi g‡a¨ †Kv‡bv
wbw`©ó we›`y ev ev A‡ÿi mv‡c‡ÿ Nyievi †h cÖeYZv m„wó
nq Zv‡KB UK© e‡j|
( †`Iqv Av‡Q, ( = 2 ^ + ^ ^
(Gi WvBfvi‡RÝ, (. (= . (2^+ ^ ^)
= (2) + (1) + (1) = 0
 cÖ`Ë DÏxc‡K (mwjbqWvj|
( †`Iqv Av‡Q, (= 2^+ ^ ^, (= 3^ 2^+ 4^, (= ^– 3^+ 5^
Zvn‡j, (+ (+ ( = 2^+ ^ ^+ 3^ 2^+ 4^+ ^ 3^+ 5^
= 6^– 4^+ 8^
(= (+ (+ (†f±iwU X A‡ÿi mv‡_  †KvY Drcbœ Ki‡j,
(.^ = |(| |^| cos
Avevi, (.^ = (6^– 4^+ 8^).^ = 6
Ges |(| = , |^| = 1
  = cos–1 = cos–1
= cos–1 = 56.14 (Ans.)
( cÖ`Ë †f±i wZbwU (= 2^+ ^ ^, (= 3^ 2^+ 4^ (= ^  3^+ 5^
GLv‡b, ( (== ^ ^+ ^
= ^ (10 + 12) – ^(15 4) + ^( 9 + 2)
= 2^ 11 ^ 7^
(. ((  () = (2 ^ + ^– ^) . (2^ 11 ^7^)
= 2  2 + 1  (11) + (1)  (7)
= 4  11 + 7 = 0
 ( †f±iwU ( (Gi j¤^w`‡K Ae¯’vb K‡i|
wKš‘ (I ( ‡f±i؇qi Df‡qB (  (Gi Ici j¤^|
myZivs (, (, (GKB Z‡j Ae¯’vb K‡i|

((( bvRix mvB‡K‡j P‡o Kvwjcyi evRvi †gvo n‡Z e`icyi K‡j‡R
Avm‡Q nVvr 6m/sec †e‡M e„wó cov ïiæ n‡jv| bvRix e„wói
nvZ n‡Z iÿv cvevi Rb¨ 45 †Kv‡Y QvZv a‡i mvB‡Kj Pvjv‡”Q|
[gwZwSj g‡Wj ¯‹yj GÛ K‡jR, XvKv]
K. Kvj© Kx? 1
L. Ae¯’vb †f±i GKwU mxgve× †f±i-e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
M.DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K bvRixi mvB‡K‡ji †eM wbY©q Ki| 3
N. K‡j‡R `ªæZ †cŠQv‡bvi Rb¨ bvRix wظY †e‡M mvB‡Kj
Pvjv‡j e„wói nvZ iÿv cvIqvi Rb¨ QvZv aivq †Kvb
cwieZ©b Avb‡Z n‡e Kx? Dˇii ¯^c‡ÿ MvwYwZK hyw³
`vI| 4
4 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
( †Kv‡bv †f±i †ÿ‡Îi Kvj© GKwU †f±i ivwk hv H †ÿ‡Îi
N~Y©bkxjZv wb‡`©k K‡i|
( Avgiv Rvwb, †Kv‡bv †f±‡ii cv`we›`y hw` me©`vB
wbw`©ó Ae¯’v‡b _v‡K Ges cÖvšÍwe›`y hw` cwieZ©b n‡Z
cv‡i Z‡e G‡K mxgve× †f±i e‡j|
wØgvwÎK ev wÎgvwÎK †f±i ¯’vbvsK e¨e¯’vq, †h‡Kv‡bv
we›`yi Ae¯’vb †f±‡ii cv`we›`y me©`vB g~jwe›`y‡Z
Aew¯’Z| ZvB Ae¯’vb †f±i GKwU mxgve× †f±i|
( †`Iqv Av‡Q, e„wó cZ‡bi †eM, v = 6ms–1
QvZv aivi †KvY,  = 45
†ei Ki‡Z n‡e, mvB‡K‡ji †eM, u = ?
cv‡k †`Lv‡bv wPÎ n‡Z cvB, tan 45 = =

 u = v  tan 45 = v  1 = 6 ms–1 (Ans.)

45

( cwiewZ©Z Ae¯’vq, mvB‡K‡ji- †eM, u = 2u = 2  6 ms–1 = 12ms–1

e„wó cZ‡bi †eM, v = 6ms–1
G‡ÿ‡Î QvZv aivi †KvY  n‡j,
tan = = = = 2
  = tan–1 2 = 63.43

 v
 
 u u

myZivs, K‡j‡R `ªæZ †cuŠQv‡bvi Rb¨ bvRix wظY †e‡M

mvB‡Kj Pvjv‡j e„wói nvZ †_‡K iÿv cvIqvi Rb¨ Djø‡¤^i mv‡_
63.43 †Kv‡Y QvZv ai‡Z n‡e| G‡ÿ‡Î, QvZv aivi †Kv‡Yi
cwieZ©b =    = 63.43  45 = 18.43

((( muvZvi cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq GKRb muvZviæ 1 km cÖ¯’

wewkó b`x †mvRvmywR cvi n‡”Qb| b`x‡Z †mÖv‡Zi †eM 6
km/h. Ges muvZviæi †eM 8km/h (b`x †mvRvmywR cvi n‡q
Kgc‡ÿ 7 min G Zx‡i †cuŠQv‡Z n‡e|)[wfKviæbwbmv b~b ¯‹zj
GÛ K‡jR, XvKv]
K. msiÿYkxj ej Kv‡K e‡j? 1
L. cÖhy³ ej bq, cÖZ¨qbx e‡ji Kvi‡Y mij Qw›`Z ¯ú›`‡bi D™
¢e nq e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
M.†mÖv‡Zi †eM I muvZviæi †e‡Mi ga¨eZ©x †KvY KZ?
3
N. DÏxc‡Ki D‡jøwLZ mg‡qi g‡a¨ muvZviæ Zx‡i †cuŠQv‡Z
cvi‡e wKbv MvwYwZKfv‡e hyw³ `vI| 4
5 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
( †Kv‡bv KYv GKwU c~Y©Pµ m¤úbœ K‡i Zvi Avw` Ae¯’v‡b
wd‡i Avm‡j KYvwUi Ici †h ej Øviv m¤úvw`Z Kv‡Ri cwigvY
k~b¨ nq, †mB ej‡K msiÿYkxj ej e‡j|
( awi, †Kv‡bv w¯úÖs-Gi gy³ cÖv‡šÍ GKwU fi hy³ Av‡Q|
w¯úÖswU‡K m¤úÖmvwiZ ev msKzwPZ K‡i †Q‡o w`‡j
w¯úÖswU mij Qw›`Z ¯ú›`b MwZm¤úbœ nq| w¯úÖswU hLb
mvg¨ve¯’vb n‡Z miY jvf K‡i, ZLb mvg¨ve¯’v‡bi w`‡K Z¡iY
wµqv K‡i, d‡j w¯úÖswU we¯Ív‡ii m‡e©v”P cÖv‡šÍ wM‡q
cybivq mvg¨ve¯’v‡b wd‡i Avm‡Z eva¨ nq| Gmgq H e¯‘wU
MwZRoZv AR©b K‡i, d‡j mvg¨ve¯’v‡b bv †_‡g wecixZ
w`‡Ki we¯Ív‡ii cÖv‡šÍi w`‡K †h‡Z _v‡K, G‡Z mvg¨ve¯’vb
†_‡K miY jvf Kivq mvg¨ve¯’v‡bi w`‡K cybivq Z¡iY wµqv K‡i|
G P‡µi cybive„wË NU‡Z _v‡K|
jÿ¨ Kwi, evwn¨K ej †Kej GKeviB cÖ‡qvM Kiv n‡qwQj| myZivs
cÖhy³ ej bq, cÖZ¨qbx e‡ji Kvi‡Y mij Qw›`Z ¯ú›`‡bi D™¢e nq|
( †`Iqv Av‡Q, muvZviæi †eM, u = 8 km//h
†mÖv‡Zi †eM, v = 6 km/h
v
1 km
 
u

†ei Ki‡Z n‡e, †mÖv‡Zi †eM I muvZviæi †e‡Mi ga¨eZ©x †KvY,

=?
Dc‡ii wPÎ n‡Z, sin( – 90) = = =
ev,  – 90 = sin–1 = 48.6
  = 90 + 48.6 = 138.6 (Ans.)
( muvZviæi jwä †eM, w =
= km/h
= 5.29 km/h
†h‡nZz b`xi cÖk¯ÍZv, d = 1 km
 b`x cvi n‡Z mgq jvM‡e, t = =
= 0.189 h
= 0.189  60 min
= 11.34 min > 7 min
myZivs, DÏxc‡Ki D‡jøwLZ mg‡qi g‡a¨ muvZviæ Zx‡i
†cuŠQv‡Z cvi‡e bv|
((( ( = m^ + ^ – ^, ( = 3^ – 2^ + 4^, ( = ^ – 3^ + 5^ Ges ( = (x + 3y)^ +
(ay – 2z)^ + (x + 4z)^
[wLjMuvI Mvj©m ¯‹zj GÛ K‡jR, XvKv]
K. Kvj© Kx? 1
L. †f±i ivwki †¯‹jvi ¸Yb e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
M.a Gi gvb KZ n‡j ( †f±iwU mwjbqWvj n‡e? 3
N. m Gi gvb KZ n‡j (, ( I ( †f±i Îq GKB mgZ‡ji Dci Aew¯’Z
n‡e we‡kølY Ki| 4
6 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
( †Kv‡bv †f±i †ÿ‡Îi Kvj© GKwU †f±i ivwk hv H †ÿ‡Îi
N~Y©bkxjZv wb‡`©k K‡i|
( `ywU †f±i ivwki †¯‹jvi ¸Ydj GKwU †¯‹jvi ivwk n‡e hvi gvb
ivwk `ywUi gvb Ges Zv‡`i ga¨eZ©x †KvmvB‡bi ¸Yd‡ji
mgvb| †f±i ivwk `ywUi gv‡S (.) wPý w`‡q †¯‹jvi ¸Ydj cÖKvk
Kiv nq Ges co‡Z nq ÒcÖ_g ivwk WU wØZxq ivwkÓ|
myZivs, `ywU †f±i ivwki †h ¸Y‡bi d‡j GKwU †¯‹jvi ivwk
cvIqv hvq Zv‡K †f±i؇qi †¯‹jvi ¸Ydj e‡j|
( ( = (x + 3y)^ + (ay – 2z)^ + (x + 4z)^ †f±iwU mwjbqWvj n‡Z n‡j (
Gi WvBfvi‡RÝ k~b¨ n‡Z n‡e|
cÖ_‡g ( Gi WvBfvi‡RÝ wbY©q Kwi|
(.( = .
= (x + 3y) + (ay – 2z) + (x + 4z)
=1+0+a–0+0+4
=a+5
(.( = 0 n‡j a + 5 = 0
a=–5
 a Gi gvb – 5 n‡j ( †f±iwU mwjbqWvj n‡e|
( GLv‡b, ( = m^ + ^ – ^, ( = 3^ – 2^ + 4^, ( = ^ – 3^ + 5^
(, ( I ( †f±i Îq GKB mgZ‡j Aew¯’Z n‡Z n‡j
(.((  () = 0 n‡Z n‡e|
myZivs, cÖ_‡g (.((  () ivwkgvjvwU wbY©q Kwi|
((==^–^+^
= 2^ – 11^ – 7^
(. ((  () = (m^ + ^ – ^) . (2^ – 11^ – 7^)
= 2m– 11 + 7 = 2m – 4
(. ((  () = 0 ewm‡q cvB, 2m – 4 = 0
ev, m = 2
 m Gi gvb 2 n‡j (, ( I ( †f±iÎq GKB mgZ‡j Aew¯’Z n‡e|
((( wÎgvwUK ¯’vbv¼ e¨e¯’vq GKwU w¯’i e¯‘ A (2, 3, 1) Ae¯’vb
†_‡K 3s G B (5, 2, 1) Ae¯’v‡b Ges 10 s G C (10, 5, 3) Ae¯’v‡b
Av‡m|[†iwm‡Wbwmqvj g‡Wj K‡jR, XvKv]
K. cwigv‡c cig ÎæwU Kx? 1
L. AvaywbK aviYv Abyhvqx ¯’vb, Kvj I fi e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
M.cÖ_g 3s G KYvwUi miY †f±i †ei Ki|3
N. A †_‡K B we›`y‡Z Ges B †_‡K C we›`y‡Z Z¡i‡Yi gvb
mgvb wK bv hvPvB Ki| 4
7 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
( †Kv‡bv GKwU ivwki cÖK…Z gvb I cwigvcK…Z gv‡bi
cv_©K¨‡K cig ÎæwU e‡j|
( AvaywbK aviYv Abyhvqx, ¯’vb, Kvj I fi †Kv‡bvwUB cig
ivwk bq| G ivwk¸‡jvi gvb ch©‡eÿK Ges ch©‡ewÿZ e¯‘i
ga¨Kvi Av‡cwÿK †e‡Mi Ici wbf©i K‡i| G Av‡cwÿK †eM Av‡jvi
†e‡Mi mv‡_ Zzjbxq n‡j †e‡Mi w`K eivei ¯’vb msKzwPZ n‡q
hvq, Kvj `xN©vwqZ nq Ges fi †e‡o hvq|
( †`Iqv Av‡Q, t = 0s gyn~‡Z© Ae¯’vb †f±i, ( = 2( + 3( + (
t = 3 sec gyn~‡Z© Ae¯’vb †f±i, ( = 5( + 2(  (
 cÖ_g 3 sec- G KYvwUi miY †f±i, ( = (  (
= (5( + 2(  ()  (2( + 3( + ()
= 3(  (  2( (Ans.)
( A n‡Z B we›`y‡Z Mg‡bi †ÿ‡Î, Avw` †eM, u = 0 ms1
mi‡Yi gvb, |(| = = 3.74 m
G mgqKv‡j Z¡iY a n‡j, s = ut + at2 = at2 [ u = 0]
 a = = = 0.83 ms–2
B we›`y‡Z †eM v = u + at = 0 + 0.83 ms2  3 sec = 2.49 ms1
B n‡Z C we›`y‡Z Mg‡bi †ÿ‡Î, Avw`‡eM, u = 2.49 ms1
miY, ( = (  (= (10( + 5( + 3()  (5( + 2(  ()
= 5( + 3( + 4(
mi‡Yi gvb, s = |(| = = 7.07 m
G mgqKv‡j (t = 3 sec n‡Z t = 10 sec) Z¡iY a n‡j,
s = ut + at2 ev, at2 = s  ut
 a = =
=  0.423 ms2
†h‡nZz |a| = 0.423 ms2  0.83 ms2 (a)
myZivs A †_‡K B we›`y‡Z Ges B †_‡K C we›`y‡Z Z¡i‡Yi gvb
mgvb bq|
((( Avgiv Rvwb, †f±i wWdv‡iwÝqvj Acv‡iUi
( = ( + ( + ( Ges Ae¯’vb †f±i ( = x( + y( + z(|
 [†m›U †Rv‡md nvqvi †m‡KÛvix ¯‹zj GÛ K‡jR, XvKv]
K. miY †f±i Kv‡K e‡j? 1
L. WvBfvi‡RÝ Gi Zvrch© †jL| 2
M.( Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 3
N. cÖgvY Ki Ae¯’vb †f±‡ii Kvj© AN~Y©bkxj n‡e| 4
8 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
( cvwicvwk¦©‡Ki mv‡c‡ÿ †Kv‡bv e¯‘i Ae¯’v‡bi cwieZ©b †h
†f±i Øviv wb‡`©k Kiv nq Zv‡K miY †f±i e‡j|
( WvBfvi‡RÝ Gi Zvrch© n‡jv:
i. WvBfvi‡RÝ Øviv GKK AvqZ‡b †Kv‡bv w`K ivwki †gvU
KZUzKz d¬v· †Kv‡bv we›`y AwfgyLx ev AcmvwiZ n‡”Q Zv
cÖKvk K‡i|
ii. WvBfvi‡RÝ k~b¨ n‡j H †f±i †ÿ·K mwjbqWvj e‡j|
( †`Iqv Av‡Q, ( = x( + y( + z( A_©vr r =
( =
=( +(
+(
2 2 2
= ( (x + y + z ). 2x + (
(x2 + y2 + z2). 2y + ( (x2 + y2 + z2). 2z
=  (x(+ y( + z()
= (x(+ y( + z()
= =.= .(
( n‡jv r eivei GKK †f±i| (Ans.)
( Ae¯’vb †f±‡ii Kvj© = (  (
=  (x(+ y( + z()
=
=(
(+ (
= ( (0  0)  ( (0  0) + ( (0  0)
= 0( + 0( + 0( = (
cÖ`Ë Ae¯’vb †f±‡ii Kvj© k~b¨ nIqvq Bnv ¯úóZ: †h, D³
Ae¯’vb †f±iwU AN~Y©bkxj|
((( `ywU †f±i ( = Px( + Py( + Pz( Ges ( = Qx( + Qy( + Qz(|
[knx` exi DËg †j: Av‡bvqvi Mvjm© K‡jR, XvKv]
K. †f±‡ii WvBfvi‡RÝ wK? 1
L. †f±i †hvR‡bi wÎfzR m~ÎwU †jL I e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
M.(  ( Gi Rb¨ GKwU mgxKiY wbY©q Ki| 3
N. MvwYwZKfv‡e we‡kølY Ki †h, PxQx + PyQy + PzQz = 0, hLb
†f±iØq ci¯ú‡ii Dci j¤^ Ges = = , hLb †f±iØq ci¯ú‡ii mv‡_
mgvšÍivj nq| 4
9 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
( †f±i K¨vjKzjv‡m WvBfvi‡RÝ GKwU †f±i Acv‡iUi, A_©vr
GwU GKwU †f±‡ii Ici wµqv K‡i| †f±i †ÿ‡Îi WvBfvi‡RÝ GKwU
†¯‹jvi Ges GwU †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó we›`y‡Z GKwU †f±i †ÿ‡Îi
†mvm© ev wms‡Ki gvb wb‡`©k K‡i|
( †f±i †hvR‡bi wÎfzR m~ÎwU n‡jv hw` †Kv‡bv wÎfz‡Ri `ywU
mwbœwnZ evû GKBµ‡g `ywU mgRvZxq †f±i‡K gv‡b I w`‡K
wb‡`©k K‡i Z‡e Z…Zxq evû wecixZµ‡g H †f±i؇qi jwä
P
wb‡`©k Ki‡e|

O = + Q
PQO wÎfz‡Ri `ywU evû OP I PQ Øviv ( I ( †f±i `ywUi gvb I w`K
GKB µ‡g wb‡`©k K‡i| Zvn‡j ( Øviv ( I ( †f±i؇qi jwä cÖKvk
cvq|
( †`Iqv Av‡Q, ( = Px( + Py( + Pz(
Ges ( = Qx( + Qy( + Qz(

((=
=((+(
= (PyQz  PzQy) (  ( (PxQz  PzQx)
+ ( (PxQy  PyQx)
= (PyQz  PzQy) ( + (PzQx  PxQz) (
+ (PxQy  PyQx) (
BnvB wb‡Y©q mgxKiY|
( ( I ( †f±iØq ci¯ú‡ii Ici j¤^ n‡j, (.( = 0
ev, (Px( + Py( + Pz(). (Qx( + Qy( + Qz() = 0
ev, PxQx + PyQy + PzQz = 0
( I ( †f±iØq ci¯úi mgvšÍivj n‡j, (  ( = PQ sin  (
= PQ sin 0( = ( = 0( + 0( + 0( ............. (i)
ÔMÕ Ask n‡Z cvB,
(  ( = (PyQz  PzQy)( + (PzQx  PxQz)( + (PxQy  PyZx)( .... (ii)
(i) I (ii) bs n‡Z cvB, PyQz  PzQy = 0
ev, PyQz = PzQy
ev, = .................. (iii)
Ges PzQx  PxQz = 0
ev, PzQx = PxQz
ev, = ............... (iv)
(iii) I (iv) n‡Z cvB, = =
myZivs MvwYwZK we‡køl‡Y †`Lv hvq †h, PxQx + PyQy + PzQz =
0 hLb †f±iØq ci¯ú‡ii Ici j¤^ Ges = = , hLb †f±iØq ci¯ú‡ii
mv‡_ mgvšÍivj|
((( 1.5 km PIov GKwU b`x‡Z 2 kmh1 †e‡M mij‡iLv eivei
†mÖvZ cÖevwnZ n‡”Q| b`x‡Z †mÖvZ bv _vK‡j GKRb
mvZviæ m‡e©v”P 3kmh1 †e‡M muvZvi KvU‡Z cv‡ib| †mvRv
Aci cv‡o hvIqvi D‡Ï‡k¨ iIbv n‡q †m †`Lj †mÖv‡Zi mv‡_ 30
†Kv‡Y 3 kmh1 †e‡M muvZvi KvU‡Q| G‡Z †m MšÍe¨ †_‡K †ek
wKQyUv `~‡i wM‡q †cŠQj|[exi‡kÖô gyÝx Avãyi iDd cvewjK
K‡jR, XvKv]
K. jwä †f±i Kv‡K e‡j? 1
L. †Kvb wÎfz‡Ri wZbwU evû Øviv Kxfv‡e wZbwU †f±i‡K
wb‡`©k Ki‡j G‡`i jwä k~b¨ n‡e? 2
[Link]æi Aci cv‡o †cŠQ‡Z KZ mgq jvM‡e? 3
N. mvZviæi c‡ÿ Zvi MšÍ‡e¨ †cuŠQv m¤¢e wKbv
MvwYwZK hyw³mn we‡kølY Ki| 4
10 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
( †Kv‡bv we›`ye¯‘i Ici mgRvZxq `ywU †f±i hyMcr wµqv Ki‡j
e¯‘wUi Ici Avjv`v †f±i `ywUi †Kv‡bvwUi cÖfveB `„k¨gvb bv
n‡q Z…Zxq Av‡iKwU †f±‡ii cÖfve we`¨gvb i‡q‡Q e‡j
AbywgZ nq| Z…Zxq †f±iwU cÖ_g `ywU †f±‡ii †hvMd‡ji
mgvb| G‡K jwä †f±i e‡j|
( †f±i †hv‡Mi wÎfzR m~Îvbymv‡i, hw` †Kv‡bv wÎfz‡Ri `ywU
mwbœwnZ evû GKB µ‡g `ywU mgRvZxq †f±i‡K wb‡`©k
K‡i Z‡e Z…Zxq evûwU wecixZµ‡g H †f±i؇qi jwä wb‡`©k
Ki‡e| myZivs †Kv‡bv wÎfz‡Ri wZbwU evû Øviv GKBµ‡g
wZbwU †f±i‡K gv‡b I w`‡K cÖKvk Ki‡j G‡`i jwä k~b¨ n‡e,
hv wb‡Pi wP‡Î †`Lv‡bv n‡jv :
(+(+(=(

( †`Iqv Av‡Q, d
b`xi cÖ¯’, d = 1.5 km = 1500m 30
mvZviæi †eM, u = 3 kmh1
†mÖv‡Zi †eM, v = 2 kmh1
b`xi cÖ¯’ eivei †e‡Mi Dcvskmg~‡ni †hvMdj Z_v jwä †e‡Mi
Dcvskmg~‡ni Dcvsk = u cos (90  30) + v cos 90
= u sin 30 + v  0
= 3 kmh1  + 0 = 1.5 kmh1
mvZviæi Aci cv‡o †cŠuQv‡Z mgq jvM‡e, t =
=
= 1 hr
( mvZviæi MšÍe¨ n‡jv b`xi wVK Icv‡ii we›`y| H MšÍ‡e¨ †h‡Z
n‡j b`xi †mÖv‡Zi w`K eivei jwä‡e‡Mi †Kv‡bv Dcvsk _vK‡Z
cvi‡e bv| wKš‘ DÏxc‡Ki †ÿ‡Î b`xi †mÖv‡Zi w`K eivei
jwä‡e‡Mi Dcvsk = u cos 30 + v cos 0= 3 kmh1  0.866 + 2 kmh1 =
4.598 kmh1  0
myZivs mvZviæi c‡ÿ Zvi MšÍ‡e¨ †cuŠQv m¤¢e bq, eis b`xi
Icv‡i †cŠQv‡bv ch©šÍ †mÖv‡Zi w`K eivei Zvi AwZµvšÍ
`~iZ¡ = 4.598 kmh1  1 hr = 4.598 km, A_©vr mvZviæ Zvi MšÍe¨
n‡Z 4.598 km `~‡i †cŠuQv‡eb|
((( Y

P(–2, 2, –1)
Q(3, 2, –3)

X
O
Z

[D`qb D”P gva¨wgK we`¨vjq, XvKv]

K. mg‡iL †f±i Kx? 1
L. mgZ¡i‡Yi †ÿ‡Î †eM ebvg mgq †jLwPÎ e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
[Link] †f±‡ii YZ Z‡ji Dcvs‡ki gvb wbY©q Ki| 3
N. PQ †f±iwUi X, Y, Z A‡ÿi mv‡_i †KŠwYK e¨eavb we‡kølY
Ki| 4
11 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
( `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK †f±‡ii wµqv‡iLv hw` GKB w`‡K nq Z‡e
Zv‡`i mg‡iL †f±i e‡j|
( QK KvM‡R x Aÿ eivei mgq I y Aÿ eivei †e‡Mi gvb ewm‡q
mgZ¡i‡Yi †ÿ‡Î †eM ebvg mgq †jLwPÎ cvIqv hvq hv y = mx + c
AvK…wZi|
v

O
t

†jLwP‡Îi †h †Kvb we›`y‡Z Xvj mgZ¡i‡Yi gvb wb‡`©k K‡i|

hw` e¯‘wU w¯’i Ae¯’v †_‡K hvÎv ïiæ K‡i Z‡e c = 0 nq
†jLwPÎwU y = mx AvK…wZi ev g~jwe›`y Mvgx mij‡iLv nq|
( GLv‡b,
g~jwe›`yi mv‡c‡ÿ P we›`yi Ae¯’vb †f±i, ( =  2( + 2(  (
g~jwe›`yi mv‡c‡ÿ Q we›`yi Ae¯’vb †f±i, ( = 3( + 2(  3(
(=((
= 3( + 2(  3(  (2( + 2(  ()
= 5(  2(
 YZ Z‡j †f±iwU =  2(
 †f±iwUi YZ Z‡j Dcvs‡ki gvb = = 2
( (M) bs †_‡K cvB, ( = 5(  2(
 PQ = =
 x A‡ÿi mv‡_ ( †f±‡ii Drcbœ †KvY, cos x =
 x = cos1
y A‡ÿi mv‡_ ( †f±‡ii Drcbœ †KvY cosy =
 y = cos1(0) = 90
Ges Z A‡ÿi mv‡_ ( †f±‡ii Drcbœ †KvY, z = cos1 (Ans.)
((( ZvbwRb‡`i evwoi mvg‡b 1 km cÖk‡¯Íi GKwU b`x
cÖevwnZ| evwoi †mvRvmywR Aci cv‡o Zv‡`i K‡jR| GKw`b
mKv‡j †m K¬vm ïiæ nIqvi wVK 3 wgwbU c~‡e© †mÖv‡Zi
†e‡Mi mv‡_ 120 †Kv‡Y 12 kmh1 †e‡Mi GKwU †bŠKvq K‡j‡Ri
D‡Ï‡k¨ iIbv w`j| [XvKv Bgwcwiqvj K‡jR, XvKv]
K. Ae¯’vb †f±i Kv‡K e‡j? 1
L. †f±i ¸Yb wewbgq m~Î †g‡b P‡j bv e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
M.b`x‡Z †mÖv‡Zi †eM KZ? 3
N. ZvbwRb Kx h_vmg‡q K¬v‡m Dcw¯’Z n‡Z cvi‡e
MvwYwZK we‡kølY c~e©K gZvgZ `vI| 4
12 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
( cÖmsM KvVv‡gvi g~j we›`yi mv‡c‡ÿ †Kvb we›`yi Ae¯’vb
†h †f±i w`‡q wb‡`©k Kiv nq Zv‡K H we›`yi Ae¯’vb †f±i e‡j|
(
=


GLv‡b, (  ( = ( Gi gvb n‡jv AB sin Ges w`K n‡jv Ggb †h, ( I (
Ges ( GKwU WvbnvwZ e¨e¯’v ˆZwi K‡i| Z‡e (  ( = ( Gi gvb
n‡jv BA sin hvi w`K n‡”Q ( I ( j¤^ eivei WvbnvwZ ¯µz‡K
( †_‡K ( Gi w`‡K ÿz`ªZi †Kv‡Y Nyiv‡j †h w`‡K AMÖmi nq|
 †`Lv hv‡”Q ( I ( Gi gvb mgvb n‡jI w`K wecixZ A_©vr, ( = 
(
ev, (  ( =  (  (
myZivs, †f±i¸Y wewbgq m~Î †g‡b P‡j bv|
( GLv‡b, †bŠKvi †eM, u = 12 km h1
†mÖv‡Zi †e‡Mi mv‡_ Drcbœ †KvY,  = 120
†ei Ki‡Z n‡e, †mÖv‡Zi †eM, v = ?
Avgiv Rvwb, tan 90 =
ev, =
 v + u cos  = 0
ev, v =  u cos 
=  (12 km h1)  cos 120
= 6 km h1 (Ans.)
( GLv‡b, †bŠKvi †eM, u = 12 km h1
b`xi cÖ¯’, d = 1 km
†mÖv‡Zi †e‡Mi mv‡_ Drcbœ †KvY,  = 120
Zvn‡j, b`x cvi n‡Z cÖ‡qvRbxi mgq t n‡j,
d = u sin  t
ev, t =
= = 0.096hr = 5.774 min
†h‡nZz ZvbwRb K¬vm ïiæ nIqvi wVK 3 min c~‡e© iIbv
w`‡qwQj Ges b`x cvi n‡Z 5.774 min jv‡M †m‡nZz ZvbwRb
h_vmg‡q K¬v‡m Dcw¯’Z n‡Z cvi‡e bv|
((( ( = m( + (  (, ( = 3(  2( + 4(, ( = (  3( + 5( Ges ( = (x + 3y) ( + (ay 
2z) ( + (x + 4z) (
[¸jkvb wWwMÖ K‡jR, XvKv]
K. Kvj© Kx? 1
L. †f±i ivwki WU ¸Yb e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
M.`a' Gi gvb KZ n‡j, ( †f±iwU mwjbqWvj n‡e? 3
N. Ôm' Gi gvb KZ n‡i, (, (, ( †f±i GKB Z‡ji Dci Aew¯’Z n‡e,
we‡kølY Ki| 4
13 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
( †Kv‡bv †f±i †ÿ‡Îi Kvj© GKwU †f±i ivwk hv H †ÿ‡Îi
N~Y©bkxjZv wb‡`©k K‡i|
( `ywU †f±i ivwki †h ¸Y‡b †¯‹jvi ivwk cvIqv hvq ev, †f±i؇qi
gvb I Zv‡`i ga¨eZx© ÿz`ªZi †Kv‡Yi cosine Gi ¸Ydj‡K WU ¸Yb
e‡j|
e¨vL¨v t ( I ( `ywU †f±i ivwki ga¨eZx© †KvY  n‡j, (.( = |(| |(| cos 
= AB cos  (hLb 0    )
wKš‘ B cos  n‡”Q ( Gi w`‡K ( Gi Dcvsk ev ( Gi Ici ( Gi j¤^ Awf‡ÿc
Avevi A cos  I n‡”Q ( Gi Dci ( Gi j¤^ Awf‡ÿc|
myZivs †¯‹jvi ev WU ¸Yb ej‡Z †h †Kvb GKwU †f±‡ii gvb Ges
†mB †f±‡ii w`‡K Aci †f±‡ii j¤^ Awf‡ÿ‡ci ¸Ydj‡K eywS|
( ( †f±iwU mwjbqWvj n‡e hw` (.( = 0 nq|
( = (x + 3y) ( + (ay  2z)( + (x + 4z) (
( = ( + (+ (
 (. ( = .{(x + 3y)( + (ay  2z)(
+ (x + 4z)(}
= (x + 3y) + (ay  2z) + (x + 4z)
=1+a+4=5+a
 (.( = 0 = 5 + a
ev, a =  5 (Ans.)
( GLv‡b, ( = m( + (  (
( = 3(  2( + 4(
( = (  3( + 5(
(, (, ( GKB Z‡j Aew¯’Z n‡j, = 0
ev, = 0
ev, m (10 + 12)  1 (15  4) + (1) (9 + 2) = 0
ev, 2m  11 + 7 = 0
ev, 2m  4 = 0
ev, 2m = 4
ev, m = 2 (Ans.)
((( bvmv Zv‡`i †Møvevj cwRkwbs wm‡÷g (G P S)
m¨v‡UjvB‡Ui gva¨‡g c„w_ex‡Z (1, 2, 2) Ae¯’v‡b GKwU w¯’i
e¯‘i Ae¯’vb wbY©q Kij| wKQyÿY ci e¯‘wU MwZkxj nIqv ïiæ
Kij Ges MwZ ïiæ Kivi 5th Ges 17th †m‡KÛ G‡K (4, 4, 2) Ges (11,
8, 6) Ae¯’v‡b cvIqv †Mj|[miKvwi AvwRRyj nK K‡jR, e¸ov]
K. FYvZ¡K †f±i Kx? 1
L. †bŠKvi ¸Y Uvbvi †ÿ‡Î iwki ˆ`N©¨ e„w×i d‡j †bŠKvi
†e‡Mi ZviZg¨ e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
[Link] ïiæi 5 sec ci DÏxc‡Ki e¯‘wUi mi‡Yi Dcvsk¸wj
wPwýZ Ki| 3
N. DÏxc‡K D‡jøwLZ e¯‘wU ïiæ †_‡K †kl ch©šÍ GKB gv‡bi
Z¡i‡Y MwZkxj wQj wKbv MvwYwZK we‡køl‡Yi gva¨‡g
hvPvB Ki| 4
14 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
( wbw`©ó w`K eivie †Kv‡bv †f±i‡K abvÍK ai‡j Zvi wecixZ
w`‡K mggv‡bi mgRvZxq †f±i‡K FYvÍK †f±i e‡j|
( b`xi ˆ`N©¨ eivei Uv‡bi Dcvsk = Tcos wbw`©ó gv‡bi
Uv‡bi (T) Rb¨  Gi gvb hZ Kg n‡e †bŠKvwU ZZ `ªæZ
mvg‡bi w`‡K GwM‡q hv‡e| -Gi gvb †ewk n‡e hw` iwki
ˆ`N©¨ Kg nq| myZivs †bŠKvi ¸Y Uvbvi †ÿ‡Î iwki ˆ`N©¨
e„w×i d‡j †bŠKvi †eM †ewk n‡e|
T
T1
1


( †`Iqv Av‡Q, Avw` Ae¯’vb †f±i, ( = ( + 2( + 2(

5 sec A‡šÍ Ae¯’vb †f±i, ( = 4( + 4( + 2(
†ei Ki‡Z n‡e, 5 sec A‡šÍ mi‡Yi Dcvsk¸wj A_©vr, rx = ?, ry = ?
rz = ?
5 sec mgqKv‡j miY, ( = (  ( = 4( + 4( + 2(  (  2(  2( = 3( + 2(
myZivs wb‡Y©q Dcvsk¸wj, rx = 3, ry = 2, rz = 0 (Ans.)
( cÖ_g 5 sec G mi‡Yi gvb, s = = = 3.606 m
cÖ_g 17 sec-G miY, ( = (  (
= 11( + 8( + 6(  (  2(  2(
= 10( + 6( + 4(
G mi‡Yi gvb, s = = 12.33 m
cÖ_g 5 sec-G Z¡i‡Yi gvb a n‡j, s = ut + at2 = at2 [ u = 0]
 a = = = 0.2885 ms2
cÖ_g †_‡K ïiæ K‡i 17th sec ch©šÍ GKB Z¡iY _vK‡j GB mgqKv‡j
miY nIqvi K_v, s = ut + at2 = at2
=  0.2885  172
= 41.7 m
wKš‘ cÖ_g 17 sec-Gi cÖvß miY gvÎ 12.33 m
myZivs DÏxc‡K D‡jøwLZ e¯‘wU ïiæ †_‡K †kl ch©šÍ GKB
gv‡bi Z¡i‡Y MwZkxj wQj bv|
(((
=22–

A D

20 cm


ABCD mvgvšÍwi‡Ki
B BC Ges CBA evû eivei h_vµ‡g ( I ( †f±i
=44+
`ywU wµqvkxj|[e¸ov K¨v›Ub‡g›U cvewjK ¯‹zj GÛ K‡jR,
e¸ov]
K. fvwb©qvi aªæeK Kv‡K e‡j? 1
L. `ywU †f±‡ii jwäi m‡e©v”P gvb †f±i؇qi gv‡bi
†hvMd‡ji mgvbe¨vL¨v Ki| 2
[Link]šÍwi‡Ki †ÿÎdj wbY©q Ki| 3
N. DÏxc‡K D‡jøwLZ †f±i `ywUi jwä ( = 2( + m(  3( Gi mwnZ
j¤^ n‡j m Gi gvb KZ n‡e wbY©q Ki| 4
15 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
( ¯øvBW K¨vwjcv‡m©i †ÿ‡Î fvwb©qvi †¯‹‡ji GKfvM g~j
†¯‹‡ji ÿz`ªZg GKfv‡Mi †P‡q hZUzKz †QvU, Zv‡K fvwb©qvi
aªæeK e‡j|
( P I Q `ywU mgRvZxq †f±‡ii jwäi gvb
R = ; R Gi gvb m‡e©v”P n‡e hw` cos  = m‡e©v”P = 1 nq,
Zvn‡j Rmax = =
=P+Q
myZivs `ywU †f±‡ii jwäi m‡e©v”Pgvb †f±i؇qi gv‡bi
†hvMd‡ji mgvb|
( †`Iqv Av‡Q, ( = 4(  4( + (, ( = 2(  2(  ( †ei Ki‡Z n‡e, ABCD
mvgvšÍwi‡Ki †ÿÎdj = ?
GLv‡b, (  ( =
=((+(
= 6( + 6(
†h‡nZz (, ( †f±iØq mvgvšÍwi‡Ki mwbœwnZ `ywU evû
cÖKvk K‡i|
 ABCD mvgvšÍwi‡Ki †ÿÎdj = |(  (| =
= 6 eM© GKK (Ans.)
( DÏxc‡K D‡jøwLZ †f±i `ywUi jwä, ( = ( + (
= 4(  4( + ( + 2(  2(  ( = 6(  6(
Avevi, cÖ`Ë DcvËg‡Z, ( = 2( + m(  3(
( I ( †f±i `ywU ci¯úi j¤^ n‡j, (. ( = 0
ev, 6  2 + (6)  m + 0  (3) = 0
ev, 12  6m = 0
ev, 6m = 12
 m = 2 (Ans.)
((( `ywU †f±i ( I ( Gi †¯‹jvi ¸Ydj 9 Ges †f±i ¸Yd‡ji gvb 3 [iscyi
miKvwi K‡jR, iscyi]
K. Ae¯’vb †f±i Kx? 1
L. †K›`ªgyLx ej Øviv KvR nqbv †Kb? e¨vL¨v `vI| 2
M.DÏxc‡K D‡jøwLZ †f±i؇qi ga¨eZx© †KvY KZ? 3
N. DÏxc‡Ki Z_¨ n‡Z †f±i؇qi gvb cvIqv m¤¢e wKbv hvPvB
Ki| 4
16 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
( wØgvwÎK ev wÎgvwÎK ¯’vbvsK e¨e¯’vq †Kv‡bv we›`yi
Ae¯’vb †h †f±i Øviv wb‡`©k Kiv nq Zv‡K Ae¯’vb †f±i e‡j|
( †Kv‡bv e¯‘ hLb e„ËvKvi c‡_ Nyi‡Z _v‡K ZLb Gi Ici
†K›`ªgyLx ej cÖhy³ nq| cÖwZwU ÿz`ª gyn~‡Z© e¯‘wUi †h
ÿz`ª miY (d() nq H miY Ges †K›`ªgyLx e‡ji (() ga¨Kvi †KvY, 
= 90 d‡j cÖwZwU ÿz`ªvwZ ÿz`ª mi‡Y K…ZKvR, dw = (. d( =
Fcds cos 90 = 0 GKvi‡YB e¯‘wU hZB Nyi‡Z _vKzK bv †Kb,
†K›`ªgyLx ej Øviv †Kv‡bv KvR nq bv|
( g‡b Kwi, †f±i؇qi gvb P I Q Ges G‡`i ga¨Kvi †KvY  Zvn‡j,
G‡`i †¯‹jvi ¸Ydj = PQ cos  = 9 ............ (i)
Ges †f±i ¸Ydj = PQ sin  = 3............... (ii)
(ii)  (i) n‡Z, = =
ev, tan  =
 tan1 = 30
( (M) n‡Z, (i)2 + (ii)2 K‡i cvIqv hvq, P2Q2 cos2  + P2Q2 sin2 = 92 +
(32 = 81 + 27 = 108
ev, P2Q2 (cos2  + sin2) = 108
ev, P2Q2  1 = 108
 PQ = = 10.39
†f±i؇qi ga¨Kvi †KvY 30Ges G‡`i gv‡bi ¸Ydj 10.39 G‡ÿ‡Î, P I
Q Gi eûmsL¨K gvb cvIqv m¤¢e|
†hgb, P = 1 n‡j, Q = = 10.39
P = 2 n‡j, Q = = 5.195
Gfv‡e (P, Q) µg‡Rv‡oi gvb wn‡m‡e eûmsL¨K, e¯‘Z
AmxgmsL¨K µg‡Rvo cvIqv m¤¢e|
myZivs DÏxc‡Ki Z_¨ n‡Z †f±i؇qi gvb cvIqv m¤¢eci bq|
((( `ywU †f±i, ( = 3( + 2( + (
( = ( + 2(  3(
 [cjøx Dbœqb GKv‡Wgx j¨ve: ¯‹zj GÛ K‡jR, e¸ov]
K. cÖvm wK? 1
L. k‡ãi ZxeªZv †j‡fj e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
M.DÏxc‡Ki †f±i؇qi AšÍfz©³ †KvY wbY©q Ki| 3
N. DÏxc‡Ki †f±iØq †f±i¸Y‡bi wewbgq m~Î †g‡b P‡j wKbv-
MvwYwZK we‡køl‡Yi gva¨‡g Av‡jvPbv Ki| 4
17 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
( Abyf‚wg‡Ki mv‡_ 90 wfbœ Aci †Kv‡bv †Kv‡Y †Kv‡bv e¯‘‡K
wb‡ÿc Kiv n‡j GwU hw` AwfK‡l©i cÖfv‡e gy³fv‡e Pj‡Z cv‡i
Z‡e e¯‘wU‡K cÖvm e‡j|
( †Kv‡bv k‡ãi ZxeªZv I cÖgvY ZxeªZvi Abycv‡Zi jMvwi`g‡K
H k‡ãi ZxeªZv †j‡fj e‡j| †Kv‡bv k‡ãi ZxeªZv I Ges cÖgvY
ZxeªZv I0 n‡j H k‡ãi ZxeªZv †j‡fj,  = log
GB mgxKiY †_‡K †`Lv hvq, I = 10 I0 n‡j,
ZxeªZv †j‡fj,  = log = log 10 = 1 GKK nq|
ZxeªZv †j‡f‡ji GB GKK‡K †ej (B) ejv nq|
( †`Iqv Av‡Q, ( = 3( + 2( + (, ( = ( + 2(  3(
‡ei Ki‡Z n‡e, †f±i؇qi AšÍfz©³ †KvY,  = ?
Avgiv Rvwb, (.( = AB cos  ev, cos =
  = cos1 = cos1
= cos1 = 73.4 (Ans.)
( (  ( = = (  ( + ( = –8( + 10( + 4(
((=
=((+(
= 8( – 10( – 4(
= (8( + 10( + 4() = –(  (
((((

myZivs DÏxc‡Ki †f±iØq †f±i ¸Y‡bi wewbgq m~Î †g‡b P‡j bv|
(((

O
wP‡Î ( = 5( + 2(  3( I ( = 15(  m(  9( ci¯úi  †Kv‡Y wµqvkxj|
[miKvwi gwnjv K‡jR, cvebv]
K. WvBfvi‡RÝ Kv‡K e‡j? 1
L. †f±i `ywUi jwä †h m~‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ †ei Kiv hvq Zv
wee„Z Ki| 2
M.m Gi gvb KZ n‡j DÏxc‡Ki †f±i `ywU ci¯úi j¤^ n‡e, Zv
MvwYwZKfv‡e †`LvI| 3
N. m Gi gvb KZ n‡j DÏxc‡Ki †f±i `ywU ci¯úi mgvšÍivj n‡e
e‡j Zzwg g‡b Ki Zv MvwYwZKfv‡e e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
18 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
( GKwU †f±i‡ÿÎ ( (x, y, z) = Vx( + Vy( + Vz( hw` GKwU
AšÍixKiY‡hvM¨ ivwk nq Zvn‡j (.( †K ( Gi WvBfvi‡RÝ e‡j|
( wP‡Î ( I ( †f±iØq O we›`y‡Z wµqvkxj| G‡`i jwä mvgvšÍwiK
m~‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ †ei Kiv hvq| m~ÎwU nj : Òhw` mvgvšÍwiK
†Kvb †KŠwYK we›`y‡Z Aw¼Z `ywU mwbœwnZ evûØviv
GKB RvZxq `ywU †f±‡ii gvb I w`K wb‡`©k Kiv nq Z‡e, H
we›`y †_‡K Aw¼Z mvgvšÍwi‡Ki KY© G‡`i jwäi gvb I w`K
wb‡`©k K‡i|Ó
( †`Iqv Av‡Q, ( = 5( + 2(  3(
( = 15(  m(  9(
( I ( †f±iØq ci¯úi j¤^ n‡e hw` †f±i؇qi WU ¸Ydj k~b¨ nq|
A_©vr, (.( = 0
ev, (5( + 2(  3(). (15(  m(  9() = 0
ev, 75  2m + 27 = 0
ev, 2m = 102
 m = 51
myZivs m Gi gvb 51 n‡j †f±i `ywU ci¯úi j¤^ n‡e|
( †`Iqv Av‡Q, ( = 5( + 2(  3(
( = 15(  m(  9(
Avgiv Rvwb, `ywU †f±i ci¯úi mgvšÍivj n‡j G‡`i µm ¸Ydj
k~b¨ nq|
((=
= ((18  3m)  ( (45 + 45) + ( (5m  30)
= ( (18  3m) + ( (5m  30)
( I ( ci¯úi mgvšÍivj n‡j, (  ( = 0
ev, ( (18  3m) + ( (5m  30) = 0
( I (-Gi mnM mgxK…Z K‡i cvB, 18  3m = 0
ev, 3m =  18
m=6
A_©vr m Gi gvb 6 n‡j †f±i `ywU ci¯úi mgvšÍivj n‡e|
(((
A

O 

B we›`yi mv‡c‡ÿ O we›`y‡Z Aew¯’Z †Kvb e¯‘i Ae¯’vb †f±i,

( = (2( – 3() m Ges RoZvi åvgK 3kgm2; e¯‘wUi Dci AO eivei ( =
(( + 5() N ej cÖ‡qvM Kivq GwU GKwU †KŠwYK Z¡iY cÖvß nq|
[miKvwi cvBIwbqvi gwnjv K‡jR, Lyjbv]
K. Abybv` Kv‡K e‡j? 1
L. Av‡cwÿK Av`ª©Zv †ewk n‡j A¯^w¯Í e„w× cvq †Kb?
2
M.DÏxcK Abymv‡i  Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 3
N. †KŠwYK Z¡i‡Yi gvb wbY©q K‡i GwU m„wói KviY
MvwYwZKfv‡e we‡kølY Ki| 4
19 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
( †Kvb e¯‘i wbR¯^ K¤úv¼ Avi Zvi Ici Av‡ivwcZ ch©ve„Ë
¯ú›`‡bi K¤úv¼ mgvb n‡j e¯‘wU m‡e©v”P we¯Ívi mnKv‡i
Kw¤úZ n‡Z _v‡K, GB ai‡bi K¤úb‡K Abybv` e‡j|
( Av‡cwÿK Av`ª©Zv †ewk nIqv ej‡Z †evSvq evZv‡m Rjxq
ev‡®úi cwigvY †ewk _vKv| Rjxq ev‡®úi †P‡q kix‡ii ZvcgvÎv
Kg nIqvq Nv‡gi m„wó nq| Nvg n‡j kix‡i A¯^w¯Í‡eva jv‡M|
Av‡cwÿK Av`ª©Zv hZ †ewk Rjxq ev‡®úi cwigvY ZZ †ewk
Ges Nv‡gi ïKv‡bvi cwigvb ZZ Kg Ges A¯^w¯Í‡eva I †ewk
jv‡M|
( GLv‡b,Ae¯’vb †f±i, ( = 2(  3(
ej, ( = (( + 5() N
ga¨eZx© †KvY,  = ?
Avgiv Rvwb, (. ( = rF cos 
ev, cos  =
=
=
=
cos = 
  = cos1 = 135 (Ans.)
( GLv‡b, ( = (2(  3() m
( = (( + 5() N
(=?
=?
RoZvi åvgK, I = 3 kgm2
Avgiv Rvwb, ( = (  (
=
= (  0  (  0 + ( (10 + 3) = 13 (
Avevi, ( = I (
ev, 13( = 3(
 ( = ms2
GLv‡b ej F, B we›`y †_‡K `~‡i O we›`y‡Z 135 †Kv‡Y wµqv
Kivq B we›`yi mv‡c‡ÿ e‡ji åvgK cvIqv hv‡e hv e¯‘wU‡K
Nyi‡Z mvnvh¨ Ki‡e d‡j †KŠwYK Z¡i‡Yi m„wó n‡e|

((( iƒcmv b`x‡Z †mÖvZ 3kmh1 †e‡M cÖevwnZ n‡”Q| Zš§q

gvwS †mÖv‡Zi mv‡_ 30 †KvY K‡i 4kmh1 †e‡M †bŠKv
Pvjv‡”Q| b`xwU 2km PIov|[Lyjbv cvewjK K‡jR, Lyjbv]
K. msbg¨Zv Kv‡K e‡j? 1
L. Mo‡eM †_‡K wKfv‡e ZvrÿwYK †e‡Mi msÁv †`Iqv hvq|
2
M.b`xwU †mvRvmywR cvi n‡Z Zš§‡qi KZ mgq jvM‡e?
3
N. Zš§q hw` †bŠKvwU †mÖv‡Zi mgvšÍiv‡j Pvjbv K‡i Z‡e
b`x cvi n‡Z cvi‡e wKbv MvwYwZKfv‡e we‡kølY Ki|
4
20 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
( AvqZb ¸Yv‡¼i wecixZ ivwk‡K msbg¨Zv e‡j| A_©vr AvqZb
weK…wZ I AvqZb cxo‡bi AbycvZ‡K msbg¨Zv e‡j|
( Mo‡e‡Mi msÁvbymv‡i, ( = =
wKš‘ ZvrÿwYK †eM, v = =
myZivs mg‡qi e¨eavb k~‡b¨i KvQvKvwQ n‡j Mo‡e‡Mi
mxgvwšÍK gvb‡K ZvrÿwYK †eM e‡j|
( †`Iqv Av‡Q, †mÖv‡Zi †eM, v = 3 kmh1
†bŠKvi cÖK…Z †eM, u = 4 kmh1
3kmh–1

4kmh–1
b`xwU †mvRvmywR cvi n‡Z n‡j †bŠKvi jwä‡eM n‡e = =
kmhr1 = 2.646 kmh1
†h‡nZz b`xwU 2 km PIov, myZivs b`xwU †mvRvmywR cvi
n‡Z Zš§‡qi †bŠKvwUi mgq jvM‡e = = 0.756 hr = 45 min 21 sec
(Ans.)
( GLv‡b, †bŠKvi †eM,u = 4kmh1 Zš§q hw` †bŠKvwU †mÖv‡Zi
mgvšÍiv‡j Pvjbv K‡i, Z‡e b`xi cÖ¯’ eivei †bŠKvi †e‡Mi Dcvsk
= u cos 90 = 0
b`x cvi n‡Z b`xi cÖ¯’ eivei Dcvsk mnvqZv K‡i| †h‡nZz
G‡ÿ‡Î b`xi cÖ¯’ eivei Dcvsk k~b¨| ZvB Zš§q hw` †bŠKvwU
†mÖv‡Zi mgvšÍiv‡j Pvjbv K‡i, Z‡e b`x cvi n‡Z cvi‡e bv|
((( ( = 2( + 5( I ( = 3(  2( GKwU mvgšÍwi‡Ki `ywU mwbœwnZ
evû wb‡`©k K‡i|
[K¨v›Ub‡g›U cvewjK ¯‹zj GÛ K‡jR, Rvnvbvev`, Lyjbv]
K. Gi A_© wK? 1
L. Ae¯’vb †f±i I e¨vmva© †f±‡ii g‡a¨ Zdvr Kx? 2
M.( I ( Gi jwäi wecÖZxc †f±i wbY©q Ki| 3
N. †ÿÎdj GKwU †f±i ivwk DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K Gi †hŠw³KZv
g~j¨vqb Ki| 4
21 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
( Gi A_© n‡jv x Gi mv‡c‡ÿ y Gi AšÍiK mnM|
( Ae¯’vb †f±i I e¨vmva© †f±‡ii g‡a¨ Zdvr n‡jv, Pjb MwZi
(mij I eµ) †ÿ‡Î Ae¯’vb †f±i we‡ePbv Kiv nq, N~Y©b MwZi
†ÿ‡Î e¨vmva© †f±i we‡ePbv Kiv nq|
( †`Iqv Av‡Q, ( = 2( + 5( Ges ( = 3(  2(
†f±i؇qi jwä = ( + ( = 2( + 5( + 3(  2( = 8(
Avgiv Rvwb, `ywU mgvšÍivj †f±‡ii GKwUi gvb AciwUi
wecÖZxc n‡j Zv‡`i‡K wecÖZxc †f±i e‡j|
 ( I ( Gi jwäi wecÖZxc †f±i = (
( S
R

h

T
g‡b Kwi,
P wP‡Î PQRS mvgvšÍwi‡Ki
Q `ywU mwbœwnZ evû PQ I
PS h_vµ‡g ( I ( Øviv gv‡b I w`‡K cÖKvk Kiv nq|
S n‡Z PQ -Gi Ici ST = h j¤^ Uvwb|
Zvn‡j mvgvšÍwiKwUi †ÿÎdj = f‚wg  D”PZv
= PQ  h
= PQ  SP  sin 
= |(| |(| sin 
= | (  (|
myZivs †ÿÎdj GKwU †f±i ivwk hv (  ( Gi mgvb Ges ( I ( †h
Z‡j i‡q‡Q †ÿÎdj †f±‡ii w`K n‡jv Zvi j¤^ w`‡K|
(((
=3+2


=2+3

[miKvwi my›`ieb Av`k© K‡jR, Lyjbv]

 K. Kvj© Kx? 1
L. `ywU †f±i ivwki †¯‹jvi ¸Yb e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
M.|(  (| wbY©q Ki| 3
N. DÏxc‡Ki †f±i؇qi jwä Zv‡`i ga¨eZx© †KvY‡K
mgwØLwÐZ K‡i MvwYwZKfv‡e cÖgvY Ki| 4
22 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
( †Kv‡bv †f±i †ÿ‡Îi Kvj© GKwU †f±i ivwk hv H †ÿ‡Îi
N~Y©bkxjZv wb‡`©k K‡i|
( `ywU †f±‡ii gvb I Zv‡`i ga¨eZx© ÿz`ªZi †Kv‡Yi cosine Gi
¸Ydj‡K †¯‹jvi ¸Ydj e‡j| G‡ÿ‡Î ¸Ydj GKwU †¯‹jvi ivwk|
( I ( `yÕwU †f±i ivwki ga¨eZx© †KvY  n‡j, msÁvbymv‡i
†¯‹jvi ¸Ydj|
( . ( = |(| |(| cos  = AB cos  (hLb 0    )
( †`Iqv Av‡Q, ( =  2( + 3(  (
( =  3( + 2(  (
GLb, (  ( =
= ( {3  (1)  (1)  2}  ( {(2)  (1)
 (1)  (3)} + ( {(2)  2  3  (3)}
= ( ( 3 + 2)  ( (2  3) + ( (4 + 9)
=  ( + ( + 5(
 (  ( = ( + ( + 5(
 |(  (| =
=
= (Ans.)
( GLv‡b, ( =  2( + 3(  (
( =  3( + 2(  (
 |(| = = =
 |(| = = =
GLb, ( I ( Gi ga¨eZx© †KvY 
g‡b Kwi, G‡`i jwä (, ( Gi mv‡_  †KvY Drcbœ K‡i|
 tan  =
wKš‘, |(| = |(|
 tan  = =
= =
 tan  = tan /2
  = /2
 jwä ( I ( Gi ga¨eZx© †KvY  †K mgwØLwÐZ K‡i
(((
=3+2

= jwä



[evsjv‡`k †bŠevwnbx ¯‹zj GÛ K‡jR, Lyjbv]
K. WvBfvi‡RÝ Kx?
=2+3
1
L. AbyKíI ZË¡ ej‡Z Kx eyS? 2
M.(  ( Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 3
 N. DÏxc‡K ( I ( Gi ga¨eZx© †Kv‡Yi mv‡_ ( I ( Gi ga¨eZx©
†Kv‡Yi m¤úK© MvwYwZK fv‡e e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
23 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
( †Kvb GKwU †f±i ( hw` AšÍixKiY †hvM nq Z‡e ( Ges (Gi WU
¸Yb †K ((.() WvBfvi‡RÝ div ( ejv nq|
( AbyKí : AbyKí n‡jv Ggb e¨vL¨v ev m~Î ev ZË¡ hv GL‡bv
mwVK e‡j cÖgvwYZ nqwb| †Kv‡bv wKQy m¤ú‡K©
AbymÜv‡bi †h AbywgZ wm×všÍ †bqv nq Zv‡K AbyKí e‡j|
ZË¡ t cÖKí I cÖPwjZ cÖvK…wZK wbq‡gi mgš^‡q M„nxZ
ˆeÁvwbK wm×všÍ‡K ZË¡ e‡j|
( GLv‡b, ( =  2( + 3(  (
( =  3( + 2(  (
GLb, (  ( =
= ( {3  (1)  (1  2}  ( {(2)  (1)  (1)  (3)}
+ ( {(2)  2  3  (3)}
= ( (3 + 2)  ( (2  3) + ( (4 + 9)
 (  ( =  ( + ( + 5(
 |(  (| =
= =
( †`qv Av‡Q, ( =  2( + 3(  (
( =  3( + 2(  (
(|
=
==
 B = |(| = = =
A_©vr A = B ............ (i)
Avevi, ( I ( Gi ga¨eZx© †KvY  Ges ( I jwä ( Gi ga¨eZx©
†KvY 
 tan  =
= [(i) n‡Z]
=
=
=
ev, tan  = tan /2
  = /2
A_©vr jwä ( I ( Gi ga¨eZ©x †KvY‡K mgwØLwÛZ K‡i|
((( ( = (6x2y  z3x) ( + 2x3 ( 3xz2(
[K¨v›Ub‡g›U K‡jR, h‡kvi]
K. ¯^xKvh© Kx? 1
L. `ywU †f±‡ii jwäi m‡e©v”P gvb †f±i؇qi gv‡bi †hvMdj
A‡cÿv e„nËi n‡Z cv‡i bv †Kb? 2
M.†f±i †ÿÎwUi WvBfvi‡RÝ KZ? 3
N. †f±i †ÿÎwU AN~Y©bkxj Kx bv MvwYwZK hyw³ `vI|
4
24 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
( †Kvb ˆeÁvwbK ZË¡ GKwU mvwe©K wee„wZi gva¨‡g
¯^xKvi K‡i wb‡j Zv‡K ¯^xKvh© e‡j|
( ( I ( `yBwU †f±i n‡j, G‡`i jwä,
|(| = R = †hLv‡b †f±i؇qi ga¨eZx© †KvY|
jwä R Gi gvb m‡e©v”P n‡e hw` cos  Gi gvb m‡e©v”P nq|
Avgiv Rvwb, cos  Gi m‡e©v”P gvb 1
Rmax =
 =
 Rmax = A + B
GLb, †h‡nZz cos  Gi gvb 1 Gi †_‡K †ewk nIqv m¤¢e bq| ZvB
R Gi m‡e©v”P gvb I (A + B) Gi †P‡q †ewk nIqv m¤¢e bq|
( GLv‡b, ( = (6x2y  z3x) ( + 2x3(  3xz2k
Avgiv Rvwb, ( = ( + ( + (
GLb, †ÿÎwUi WvBfvi‡RÝ = (. (
= . {(6x2y  z3x) ( + 2x3 ( 3xz2 (}
= (6x2y  z3x) + (2x3) + (xz2)
= 12xy  z3 + 0 + 2xz
= 12xy + 2xz  z3 (Ans.)
( Avgiv Rvwb, †f±i †ÿÎwU AN~Y©bkxj n‡e hw` †f±i †ÿÎwUi
Kvj© k~b¨ nq|
GLv‡b, ( = (6x2y  z3x) ( + 2x3(  3xz2(
Ges ( = ( + ( + (
 Curl ( = (  (
=
=(
–(
+(
= ( (0  0)  ( ( 3z2 + 3z2x) + ( (6x2  6x2)
=  ( (3z2x  3z2)
 curl (  0
 †f±i †ÿÎwU AN~Y©bkxj bq|
((( `yBRb e¨w³ h_vµ‡g 20N I 25N ej cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z cv‡i| Zviv
GK‡Î h_vµ‡g 60 I 50 †Kv‡Y ¸Y †U‡b GKwU †bŠKv‡K †mÖv‡Zi
wecix‡Z wb‡q hv‡”Q|
[Wv: Avãyi iv¾vK wgDwbwmc¨vj K‡jR, h‡kvi]
K. ZvrÿwYK Z¡iY Kx? 1
L. mKj ZË¡B AbyKí wKš‘ AbyKíB ZË¡ bq †Kb? e¨vL¨v Ki|
2
M.DÏxc‡Ki e¨w³Øq 45 kg f‡ii †Kvb w¯’i e¯‘‡Z ci¯úi 45 †Kv‡Y
GKB mv‡_ ej cÖ‡qvM Ki‡j 5 †m‡KÛ mg‡q e¯‘wU KZ `~i
AwZµg Ki‡e? 3
N. nVvr cÖ_g e¨w³i ¸Y wQ‡o †M‡j wØZxq e¨w³ Kx e¨e¯’v
MÖnY Ki‡j †bŠKvi MwZ wVK ivL‡Z cvi‡e Zv we‡kølY Ki|
4
25 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
( ZvrÿwYK Z¡iY t mgq e¨eavb k~‡b¨i KvQvKvwQ n‡j mg‡qi
mv‡_ †e‡Mi cwieZ©‡bi nvi‡K ZvrÿwYK Z¡iY e‡j|
( weÁvbxiv †Kvb wel‡q M‡elYv Kivi c~‡e© Abygvb wbf©i
†h e¨vL¨v cÖ`vb K‡i _v‡Kb ZvB AbyKí| Ab¨w`‡K M‡elYv
wbf©i djvd‡ji wfwˇ³ †h ¯^xKvh© cÖ`vb K‡i ZvB ZË¡|
AbyKí mwVK ev fzj n‡Z cv‡i wKš‘ ZË¡ M‡elYv wbf©i mwVK
Z_¨ e‡j Zv wbfz©j| AZGe, mKj ZË¡B AbyKí wKš‘ mKj AbyKí
ZË¡ bq|
( 25 N

45

20 N
20N Ges 25N Gi jwä R =
= 41.61 N
myZivs Z¡iY a n‡j, a = = 0.92 ms2
myZivs 5 †m‡KÛ ci AwZµvšÍ `~iZ¡ s n‡j, s = ut + at2
= 0 +  0.92  52
s = 23.12 m (Ans.)
( †mÖv‡Zi wecix‡Z e¨w³Ø‡qi †e‡Mi Dcvs‡ki mgwó = 20 cos
60 + 25 cos 50 = 26.06 N
awi, cÖ_g e¨w³i ¸Y wQ‡o †M‡j wØZxq e¨w³ F e‡j Avw`
†Kv‡Y Uvb‡j †bŠKvi MwZ wVK _vK‡e|
myZivs, F cos 50 = 26.06
ev, F = = 40.54 N
40.54 N e‡j 50 †Kv‡Y Uvb‡Z n‡e|
A_©vr 2q e¨w³‡K

50 60

((( GKRb gvwS 6 kmh1 †e‡M †bŠKv Pvjv‡Z cv‡ib| 3 kmh1

†e‡M mij‡iLv eivei cÖevwnZ GKwU b`xi Gcvi †_‡K Icv‡i wVK
wecixZ we›`y‡Z Zvi hvIqv cÖ‡qvRb|
[PÆMÖvg K¨v›Ub‡g›U cvewjK K‡jR, PÆMÖvg]
K. AvqZ GKK †f±i Kv‡K e‡j? 1
L. †f±i ivwki mvgvšÍwi‡Ki m~ÎwU e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
M.DÏxc‡K D‡jøwLZ gvwS‡K †Kvb w`‡K †bŠKv Pvjv‡Z n‡e
wbY©q Ki| 3
N. DÏxc‡Ki gvwS hw` †mvRv †bŠKv Pvjvb Zvn‡j wZwb
†Kb wecixZ we›`y‡Z †h‡Z cvi‡eb bv? hyw³ w`‡q
†evSvI| wZwb †mvRv †bŠKv Pvjv‡j †Kvb w`‡K KZ †e‡M
hv‡eb? 4
26 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
( wÎgvwÎK Kv‡Z©mxq ¯’vbvsK e¨e¯’vi wZbwU abvÍK Aÿ
eivei †h wZbwU GKK †f±i we‡ePbv Kiv nq Zv‡`i‡K AvqZ
GKK †f±i e‡j|
( mgRvZxq `ywU †f±i ivwk †hv‡Mi mvgvšÍwiK m~ÎwU n‡jv
hw` GKwU mvgvšÍwi‡Ki †Kv‡bv †KŠwYK we›`y †_‡K Aw¼Z
`ywU mwbœwnZ evû Øviv †Kv‡bv KYvi Ici GKKvjxb
wµqvkxj GKB RvZxq `ywU †f±‡ii gvb I w`K wb‡`©k Kiv
hvq, Zvn‡j H we›`y †_‡K AswKZ mvgvšÍwi‡Ki KY©wU †f±i
`ywUi wgwjZ d‡ji ev jwäi gvb I w`K wb‡`©k K‡i|
( v

u

†`Iqv Av‡Q, †bŠKvi †eM, u = 6 kmh1
†mÖv‡Zi †eM, v = 3 kmh1
g‡b Kwi, b`xi Gcvi †_‡K Icv‡i wVK wecixZ we›`y‡Z †h‡Z n‡j,
†bŠKvwU‡K †mÖv‡Zi w`‡Ki mv‡_  (>90) †Kv‡Y Pvjv‡Z n‡e|
Zvn‡j, sin (  90) = = =
ev,   90 = sin1 = 30
  = 90 + 30 = 120
myZivs DÏxc‡K D‡jøwLZ gvwS‡K †mÖv‡Zi w`‡Ki mv‡_ 120
†Kv‡Y †bŠKv Pvjv‡Z n‡e|
( wVK wecixZ we›`y‡Z †h‡Z n‡j †mÖv‡Zi w`K eivei
jwä‡e‡Mi Dcvsk k~b¨ n‡Z n‡e| DÏxc‡K cÖ`Ë gvbmg~‡ni
Rb¨ †mÖv‡Zi w`‡Ki mv‡_  = 120 n‡j †mÖv‡Zi w`K eivei
jwä‡e‡Mi Dcvsk = v cos 0 + u cos 120
= 3 kmh1  1 + 6 kmh1  = 0
wKš‘ b`xi cÖ¯’ eivei †mvRvmywR †bŠKv Pvjv‡j †mÖv‡Zi
w`K eivei jwä‡e‡Mi Dcvsk k~b¨ nq bv| †m‡ÿ‡Î D³ Dcvs‡ki
gvb = v cos 0 + u cos 90 = 3 kmh1  + 6 kmh1  0 = 3 kmh1  0
ZvB b`x cvi n‡Z t cwigvY mgq jvM‡j †mÖvZ eivei ev b`xi
cvo eivei †bŠKvwU ZLb 3 kmh1  t cwigvY `~iZ¡ AwZµg
Ki‡e| G‡Z †bŠKvwU wVK wecixZ we›`y‡Z bv †cuŠ‡Q eis cvo
eivei †ek wKQyUv `~iZ¡ AwZµg K‡i Icv‡i †Kv‡bv GK
we›`y‡Z †cŠQv‡e|
v
wZwb †mvRv †bŠKv Pvjv‡j jwä †e‡Mi gvb,
R= R
= u

= 6.71 kmh1
jwä‡eM †mÖv‡Zi w`‡Ki mv‡_ tan = = = 2
  = tan1(2) = 63.4
myZivs wZwb †mvRv †bŠKv Pvjv‡j †mÖv‡Zi w`‡Ki mv‡_
63.4 †Kv‡Y 6.71 kmh1 †e‡M hv‡eb|

((( mygb I cvcb `yB fvB kwcs gj †_‡K †ei n‡q †`‡L 4 ms1
†e‡M Lvovfv‡e e„wó co‡Q| mygb QvZv Ly‡j 3 m/s †e‡M
evmvi w`‡K †`Šo‡Z ïiæ Ki‡jv Ges 10 wgwbU ci evmvq
†cŠQvj| †m †`Lj Zvi c¨v›U I Rvgv m¤ú~Y© wf‡R †M‡Q|
wKQyÿY ci cvcb I GKB MwZ‡Z †`Š‡o G‡m evmvq †cŠQvj|
†`Lv †Mj cvc‡bi Rvgv Kvco m¤ú~Y© ﮋ Av‡Q|
[evsjv‡`k gwnjv mwgwZ evwjKv D”P we`¨vjq I K‡jR,
PÆMÖvg]
K. jä GKK wK? 1
L. h‡š¿i wcQU ÎæwU ej‡Z wK eyS? 2
[Link] gj †_‡K evmvi `~iZ¡ KZ? 3
N. myg‡bi †cvkvK †fRv I cvc‡bi †cvkvK bv †fRvi KviY
we‡kølY Ki| 4
27 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
( †h GKK GKvwaK †gŠwjK GK‡Ki mgš^‡q MwVZ Zv‡K jä
GKK e‡j| A_©vr jä ivwki GKK‡K jä GKK e‡j|
( bvU-¯µz bxwZi Ici wfwË K‡i †h mKj hš¿ ˆZwi †hme h‡š¿ G
ÎæwU cwijwÿZ nq| bZzb h‡š¿i Zzjbvq cyivZb h‡š¿ G ÎæwU
†ewk †`Lv hvq| KviY A‡bKw`b e¨env‡ii d‡j bv‡Ui MZ© eo
n‡q †h‡Z cv‡i ev ¯µz ÿq n‡q AvjMv n‡q hvq; d‡j ¯µz‡K Dfq
w`‡K Nyiv‡j mgvb miY nq bv| G ai‡bi ÎæwU‡K wcQU ÎæwU
e‡j| cvV †bIqvi mgq ¯µz‡K GKB w`‡K Nyiv‡j G ÎæwU `~i nq|
( †`Iqv Av‡Q, myg‡bi MwZ‡eM, v = 3 ms1
mgqKvj, t = 10 min = 10  60 sec = 600 sec
‡ei Ki‡Z n‡e, kwcs gj †_‡K evmvi `~iZ¡, d = ?
Avgiv Rvwb, d = vt = 3 ms1  600 sec = 1800 m
( †Kv‡bv e¨w³ 3 ms1 †e‡M †`Šov‡j Zvi Pvicv‡ki mewKQyi
g‡a¨ GgbwK e„wói †duvUvi g‡a¨I †cQb w`‡K 3 ms1 gv‡bi
GKwU †eM jÿ¨ Ki‡eb| awi, GB Av‡cwÿK †eM, v = 3 ms1
Z`ycwi, e„wói †duvUvi cÖK…Z (Djø¤^) †eM, u = 4 ms1 Zvn‡j
mygb ev cvc‡bi mv‡c‡ÿ e„wói †duvUvi jwä‡eM n‡jv ( Ges
( Gi jwä‡eM|
D³ jwä‡eM, Djø‡¤^i mv‡_  †KvY Drcbœ Ki‡j,
tan  = A_©vr,  = tan1 = tan1 = 36.9

myZivs e„wó‡Z †fRvi nvZ n‡Z †invB †c‡Z PvB‡j QvZv‡K

Djø‡¤^i mv‡_ 36.9 †Kv‡Y ai‡Z n‡e| cvcb G KvRwUB K‡iwQj,
ZvB †m e„wó‡Z †f‡R wb| wKš‘ mygb Giƒ‡c QvZv a‡i wb eis
†m gv_vi Ici Lvovfv‡e QvZv a‡i †`Š‡o‡Q, ZvB e„wói SvcUv
Zxh©Kfv‡e G‡m Zv‡K wfwR‡q w`‡q‡Q|

((( ¯^cb †mvRv Aci cv‡o hvIqvi Rb¨ †dwi‡Z K‡i 15 km/h †e‡M
b`x cvi nIqvi mgq †`Lj, †dwiwU †mvRvmywR iIbv bv w`‡q
†mÖv‡Zi cÖwZK‚‡j wZh©Kfv‡e hv‡”Q| †mÖv‡Zi †eM 10
km/h1[miKvwi nvRx gynv¤§` gynmxb K‡jR, PÆMÖvg]
K. AšÍixKiY Kv‡K e‡j? 1
L. Acv‡iUi Kv‡K e‡j? Gi e¨envi wK? 2
[Link]äi m‡e©v”P gvb, me©wbæ gv‡bi KZ¸Y n‡e? 3
N. †dwiwUi w`K cwieZ©‡bi KviY MvwYwZKfv‡e we‡kølY
Ki| 4
28 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
( ‡h cÖwµqvq †Kv‡bv GKwU ivwki cwieZ©‡bi nvi wbw`©ó
GKwU Pj‡Ki mv‡c‡ÿ wbY©q Kiv nq Zv‡K AšÍixKiY e‡j|
( †h MvwYwZK wP‡ýi Øviv GKwU ivwk‡K Ab¨ GKwU ivwk‡Z
iƒcvšÍi Kiv hvq ev †Kv‡bv cwieZ©bkxj ivwki e¨vL¨v †`qv
hvq Zv‡K Acv‡iUi e‡j| myZivs Acv‡iU‡ii e¨envi n‡jv
1. GKwU MvwYwZK ivwk‡K Ab¨ ivwk‡Z iƒcvšÍi|
2. †Kv‡bv cwieZ©bkxj ivwki e¨vL¨v †`qv|
( †`Iqv Av‡Q, †dwii †eM, u = 15 kmh1
†mÖv‡Zi †eM, v = 10 kmh1
myZivs jwä‡e‡Mi m‡e©v”P gvb = u + v = 15 + 10 = 25 kmh1
Ges me©wbæ gvb = u  v = 15  10 = 5 kmh1
GLv‡b, = = 5 ¸Y (Ans.)
( b`xi cÖ¯’ eivei †mvRvmywR iIqvbv n‡j †mÖv‡Zi av°vq
†mÖv‡Zi w`K eivei (b`xi Zxi eivei) wKQyUv `~iZ¡ AwZµg
Ki‡e| ZLb Aci cv‡o †cŠuQv‡bv m¤¢e n‡e bv|
ZvB †mvRvmywR iIbv bv w`‡q †mÖv‡Zi cÖwZK‚‡j
wZh©Kfv‡e †M‡jB †dwiwU wVK Acicv‡o †cuŠQ‡Z cvi‡e|
g‡b Kwi, G‡ÿ‡Î †mÖv‡Zi w`‡Ki mv‡_  (>90) ‡Kv‡Y †dwiwU
iIqvbv w`‡e| d‡j jwä‡e‡Mi w`K n‡e b`xi cÖ¯’ eivei|

( – 90)

Zvn‡j wPÎvbyhvqx,
sin (  90) = = =
ev,  sin (90  ) =
ev,  cos  =
ev,  = cos1 = 131.8
myZivs MvwYwZK we‡køl‡Y †`Lv hv‡”Q, (b`xi cÖ¯’ eivei
†mvRvmywR bq eis) †mÖv‡Zi w`‡Ki mv‡_ 131.8 †Kv‡Y iIbv
w`‡jB †dwiwU †mvRvmywR Aci cv‡o †cŠuQ‡Z cvi‡e|
(((
Y
P(1, 2, 3)

Q(4, 5, 6)
X
O

( I ( Ae¯’vb †f±i n‡j wb‡æi cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :

[B¯úvnvwb cvewjK ¯‹zj GÐ K‡jR, PÆMÖvg]
K. Ae¯’vb †f±i wK? 1
L. †f±‡ii µm ¸Y‡bi Zvrch© e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
M.( Gi mgvšÍivj GKK †f±i wbiƒcb Ki|3
N. OPQ-Gi †ÿÎdj wbiƒcY m¤¢e Kx? MvwYwZK fv‡e e¨vL¨v
Ki| 4
29 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
( wØgvwÎK ev wÎgvwÎK ¯’vbv¼ e¨e¯’vq †Kv‡bv we›`yi
Ae¯’vb †h †f±i Øviv wb‡`©k Kiv nq Zv‡K Ae¯’vb †f±i e‡j|
( `ywU †f±‡ii µm¸Yb Z…Zxq Av‡iKwU †f±i nq| ( I (
mgRvZxq ev AmgRvZxq †f±i؇qi †f±i ¸Yb ev µm ¸Yb n‡jv
= ( (; (, ( †h Z‡j Ae¯’vb K‡i Zvi j¤^w`‡K (  ( Gi AwfgyL|
e¨vmva© (, ( †f±iØq ci¯úi mgvšÍivj n‡j G‡`i †f±i ¸Ydj k~b¨|
e¨vmva© †f±i Ges e‡ji †f±i ¸Ydj n‡jv UK©; †KŠwYK †eM
†f±i Ges e¨vmva© †f±‡ii †f±i ¸Ydj n‡jv ˆiwLK †eM †f±i|
†f±i ¸Yd‡ji gvb ivwk؇qi cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki gvb Ges G‡`i ga¨Kvi
†Kv‡Yi mvB‡bi mgvbycvwZK| A_©vr (  ( = PQ sin  (
( †`Iqv Av‡Q, P (1, 2, 3) Ges Q (4, 5, 6)
 ( = (4 1)( + (5  2)( + (6  3)( = 3( + 3( + 3(
 ( Gi mgvšÍiv‡j GKK †f±i - =
=
= (( + ( + ()(Ans.)
( OPQ Gi †ÿÎdj = | (  ( |
GLv‡b, ( = ( + 2( + 3(
((= =( (+(
 =  3( + 6(  3(
  OPQ -Gi †ÿÎdj =
= =
= eM© GKK|
myZivs OPQ -Gi †ÿÎdj wbY©q Kiv m¤¢e|

((( nvmvb K‡jR †_‡K G‡m †f±i wb‡q Zvi covi †Uwe‡j e‡m
cowQj| Zvi iæ‡g `ywU wmwjs d¨vb NyiwQj| †m wPšÍv Ki‡Z
jvM‡jv †f±‡ii mvnv‡h¨ d¨vb `ywUi ga¨eZx© `~iZ¡ wKfv‡e
wbY©q Kiv hvq? †m †R‡b wbj d¨vb `ywUi ¯’vbvsK h_vµ‡g
(2, 3, 4) Ges (4, 5, 6)[miKvwi nvRx gynv¤§` gnmxb K‡jR,
PÆMÖvg]
K. Acv‡iUi Kv‡K e‡j? 1
L. ˆe`y¨wZK wmwjs d¨v‡bi evZvm †Kb wb‡Pi w`‡K Abyf‚Z
nq? 2
M.DÏxcKwU Abymv‡i d¨vb `ywU ga¨eZx© †KvY wbY©q
Ki| 3
N. nvmvb d¨vb؇qi ga¨eZx© `~iZ¡ wbY©q Ki‡Z DÏxcK
Abymv‡i mÿg n‡e wKbv MvwYwZKfv‡e e¨vL¨v Ki|
4
30 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
( †h MvwYwZK wP‡ýi Øviv GKwU ivwk‡K Ab¨ GKwU ivwk‡Z
iƒcvšÍi Kiv hvq ev †Kv‡bv cwieZ©bkxj ivwki e¨vL¨v †`Iqv
hvq Zv‡K Acv‡iUi e‡j|
( ˆe`y¨wZK wmwjs d¨v‡b wZbwU ev PviwU cvLv _v‡K|
cÖwZwU cvLvi GKwU Ask mvgvb¨ fuvR Kiv _v‡K| (wP‡Îi
g‡Zv)| d¨vbwU Ggbfv‡e Ny‡i hv‡Z wb‡Pi w`‡K †KvbvKzwb
fuvR Kiv AskwU m¤§yL w`‡K AMÖmi nIqvi mgq evZvm‡K
m‡Rv‡i wb‡Pi w`‡K av°v †`q| GKvi‡Y ˆe`y¨wZK wmwjs
d¨v‡bi evZvm wb‡Pi w`‡K Abyf‚Z nq|

( †`Iqv Av‡Q, cÖ_g d¨v‡bi Ae¯’vb †f±i, ( = 2( + 3( + 4(

wØZxq d¨v‡bi Ae¯’vb †f±i, ( = 4( + 5( + 6(
†ei Ki‡Z n‡e, G‡`i ga¨Kvi †KvY,  = ?
Avgiv Rvwb, (. ( = r1r2 cos 
cos  = = = 0.9946
  = cos1 (0.9946) = 5.95 (Ans.)
(
Y A

X
o

Z
awi, 1g d¨vbwUi Ae¯’vb A we›`y‡Z Ges 2q d¨vbwUi Ae¯’vb
B we›`y‡Z Zvn‡j AB `~iZ¡ wbY©q Ki‡Z n‡e|
cÖ`Ë ¯’vbvsK e¨e¯’vg‡Z, ( = ( Ges ( = (
e‡ji wÎfzR m~Î n‡Z cvB, ( + ( = (
 ( = (  ( = (4( + 5( + 6()  (2( + 3( + 4()
= 2( + 2( + 2(
 AB = = = 2GKK
myZivs nvmvb d¨vb؇qi ga¨eZx© `~iZ¡ wbY©q Ki‡Z mÿg
n‡e, hvi gvb 2GKK|
(((  = 3x3y2z4 Ges ( = x2 y(  2xz( + 2yz(
[PÆMÖvg weÁvb K‡jR, PÆMÖvg]
K. †f±i wefvRb Kx? 1
L. GKwU jb †ivjvi †Vjvi †P‡q Uvbv mnRÓ e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
M.DÏxcK Abyhvqx div grad  wbY©q Ki| 3
N. (2, 3, 2) we›`y‡Z curl ( Gi gvb MvwYwZK we‡køl‡Yi
gva¨‡g wnmve Ki| 4
31 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
( GKwU †f±i ivwk‡K GKvwaK †f±i ivwk‡Z wef³ Kivi c×wZ‡K
†f±i wefvRb e‡j|
F sin
(
F F sin F
 
F cos
F cos

jb †ivjvi †Vjvi mgq cÖhy³ e‡ji Dj¤^ Dcvsk j¤^ eivei wb‡Pi
w`‡K wµqv K‡i| d‡j †ivjviwUi jwä IRb †e‡o hvq| Aciw`‡K jb
†ivjvi Uvbvi mgq cÖhy³ e‡ji Dj¤^ Dcvsk Dc‡ii j¤^ eivei
Dc‡ii w`‡K wµqv K‡i| d‡j Gi jwä IRb K‡g hvq| GRb¨ jb †ivjvi
†Vjvi †P‡q Uvbv mnR nq|
( †`Iqv Av‡Q,  = 3x3y2z4
 grad  = ( + ( + (
ev, grad  = ( (3x3y2z4) + ( (3x3y2z4) + ( (3x3y2z4)
ev, grad  = 9x2y2z4 ( + 6x3yz4 ( + 12 x3y2z3 (
Avevi, div(grad ) = (9x2 y2z4) + (6x3yz4) + (12x3 y2z3)
= 9y2z4  2x + 6x3 z4  1 + 12x3y2  3z2
 div (grand ) = 18xy2z4 + 6x3z4 + 36x3y2z2 (Ans.)
( †`Iqv Av‡Q, ( = x2y(  2xz( + 2yz(
 ( Gi Kvj© (  ( = ( + ( + (
= (2z + 2x) ( + (0  0) ( + (2z  x2) (
= (2x + 2z)( + (2z  x2) (
 (2, 3, 2) we›`y‡Z ( Gi Kvj© = {2  (2) + 2  2}( + {(2)  2 
(2)2}(
= (4 + 4)( + (4 4) ( =  8( (Ans.)
((( GKwU D‡ovRvnvR 200 km cwð‡g hvIqvi ci cwðg w`‡Ki
mv‡_ 60 †Kv‡Y Dˇi 150 km †Mj|
[Kzwgjøv miKvwi K‡jR, Kzwgjøv]
K. WvBfvi‡RÝ Kv‡K e‡j? 1
L. (  ( = 0 n‡j, ( AN~Y©bkxj, e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
M.DÏxc‡K ewY©Z kZ©vbyhvqx D‡ovRvnvRwUi jwä miY
KZ? 3
N. hw` D‡ovRvnvRwU cwðg w`‡Ki mv‡_ 60 †Kv‡Y Dˇi bv
†h‡q †mvRvmywR `wÿ‡Y 150 km P‡j Av‡m ZLb jwä
mi‡Yi wKiƒc cwieZ©b n‡e, we‡køl‡Yi gva¨‡g wm×všÍ
`vI| 4
 32 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
( †h †¯‹jvi ivwki gva¨‡g †Kv‡bv †f±i †ÿ‡Îi †h‡Kv‡bv Ae¯’v‡b
d¬v‡·i cÖK…wZ (AšÍ/ewn) m¤ú‡K© Rvbv hvq, Zv‡K
WvBfvi‡RÝ e‡j|
( (  ( = ( Gi A_© n‡jv, †f±i ( Gi Kvj© k~b¨| †h‡nZz †Kv‡bv
†f±‡ii Kvj© H †f±‡ii N~Y©b wb‡`©k K‡i| †Kv‡bv we›`yi
Pviw`‡K †f±iwU KZevi Ny‡i Kvj© Zv wb‡`©k K‡i| myZivs
†h †Kv‡bv †f±i ( Gi Kvj© k~b¨ nIqvi gv‡b n‡jv, †f±iwU
AN~Y©bkxj|
( GLv‡b, N
150 km
cÖ_g mi‡Yi gvb, s1 = 200 km
60
wØZxq mi‡Yi gvb, s2 = 150 km
( I ( Gi ga¨Kvi †KvY,  = 60
W 200 km E
 jwä miY, s =
= km
= 304.1 km
( N
200 km
W E
90
150 km
S
G‡ÿ‡Î, g~j miY؇qi gvb AcwiewZ©Z
A_©vr S1 = 200 km, S2 = 150 km
wKš‘ ( I ( Gi ga¨Kvi †KvY,  = 90
 jwä miY, s =
= km
= 250 m
 jwä mi‡Yi cwieZ©b = s  s
= 304.1 km  250 km
= 54.1 km (n«vm)
((( GKwU evm, GKwU Rxc Ges GKwU UªvK iv¯Ív w`‡q Pj‡Q|
G‡`i †eM h_vµ‡g ( = 2( + (  (, ( = 3(  2( + 4( Ges ( = (  3( +
5( †Kv‡bv GK gyn~‡Z© wZbwUi g‡a¨ msNl© NU‡jv|
[Kzwgjøv miKvwi gwnjv K‡jR, Kzwgjøv]
K. AbyKí Kx? 1
L. †Zvgvi covi N‡i GKwU cÖRvcwZ QyUvQywU Ki‡Q|
cÖRvcwZi Ae¯’vb e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z †Kvb ¯’vbvsK e¨e¯’v
cÖ‡hvR¨ n‡e| hyw³ cÖ`k©b Ki| 2
M.Uªv‡Ki †e‡Mi Kvj© (Curl) wbY©q Ki| 3
N. msN‡l©i gyn~‡Z© Mvwo wZbwU GKB Z‡j MwZkxj
wQj MvwYwZKfv‡e cÖgvY Ki| 4
33 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
( AbyKí nj Ggb e¨vL¨v ev m~Î hv GL‡bv mwVK e‡j
cÖgvwYZ nqwb| Ab¨ K_vq, †Kvb wKQy m¤ú‡K©
AbymÜv‡bi †h AbywgZ ev wm×všÍ †bIqv nq Zv‡K AbyKí
e‡j|
( cvovi N‡i cÖRvcwZ QyUvQywU Ki‡j Gi †eM wÎgvwÎK nq
KviY GwU Wv‡b-ev‡g, Dc‡i wb‡P †h‡Kvb w`‡K †h‡Z cv‡i|
ZvB cÖRvcwZi Ae¯’vb e¨vL¨v Kivi Rb¨ wÎgvwÎK ¯’vb‡¼i
e¨e¯’vi cÖ‡qvRb n‡e| A_©vr cÖRvcwZi Ae¯’vb P we›`y‡Z
n‡j GwU wb‡`©k K‡i P(x, y, z)
( †`Iqv Av‡Q, Uªv‡Ki †eM ( = (  3( + 5(
 Uªv‡Ki †e‡Mi Kvj© = ?
Avgiv Rvwb, Kvj© = (  (
=  ((  3( + 5()
=
=(
+(
=00+0=0
 Uªv‡Ki †e‡Mi Kvj© 0| (Ans.)
( †`Iqv Av‡Q, ev‡mi †eM ( = 2( + (  (
Rx‡ci †eM ( = 3( – 2( + 4(
Uªv‡Ki †eM ( = (  3( + 5(
(  ( = (2( + (  ()  (3(  2( + 4()
=
= ( (4  2)  ( (8 + 3) + ( (4  3)
 (  ( = 2(  11(  7(
Avevi, ((  () . ( = (2(  11(  7(). ((  3( + 5()
= 2 + 33  35
=0
 ((  () . ( = 0
 ((  () I ( †f±iØq ci¯úi mg‡Kv‡Y Aew¯’Z|
Avevi, ( I ( †f±iØq ((  () Gi mv‡_ mg‡Kv‡Y wµqvkxj|
 (, ( I ( GKB Z‡j Aew¯’Z|
myZivs Mvwo wZbwU GKB Z‡j MwZkxj|

((( ( = (4(  m( + () N Ges ( = (2(  2( + 0.5() N Gi `ywU mgvšÍivj ej

2 kg f‡ii GKwU w¯’i e¯‘i Dci wµqv Ki‡Q| 1s ci ej؇qi wµqv eÜ
n‡q hvq| cieZx© 1s G e¯‘wU mg‡e‡M Pj‡Z _v‡K| [miKvwi
ˆmq` nv‡Zg Avjx K‡jR, ewikvj]
K. w¯úÖs aªæeK Kv‡K e‡j? 1
L. Ae¯’vb †f±i GKwU ¯^vaxb †f±i e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
M.DÏxc‡Ki Z_¨ †_‡K m Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 3
N. e¯‘wUi AwZµvšÍ `~iZ¡ †eM ebvg mgq †jLwP‡Îi
mvnv‡h¨ wbY©q Kiv m¤¢e wK-bv? 4
34 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
( †Kvb w¯úÖs Gi gy³ cÖv‡šÍi GKK miY NUv‡j w¯úÖswU mi‡Yi
wecixZ w`‡K †h ej cÖ‡qvM K‡i Zv‡K H w¯úÖs Gi w¯úÖs
aªæeK e‡j|
( g~j we›`yi mv‡c‡ÿ †Kvb we›`yi Ae¯’vb †h †f±‡ii mvnv‡h¨
wb‡`©k Kiv nq Zv‡K Ae¯’vb †f±i e‡j|
†h‡nZz Ae¯’vb †f±i g~jwe›`yi mv‡c‡ÿ wb‡`©k Kiv nq, Ab¨
†Kvb †f±‡ii Dci wbf©ikxj bq, ZvB Ae¯’vb †f±i GKwU ¯^vaxb
†f±i|
( †`Iqv Av‡Q, ( = (4(  m( + () N
( = (2(  2( + 0.5) N
((=
= ( (0.5m + 2)  ( (2 2) + ( (8
+ 2m)
= ( (0.5 m + 2) + ( (8 + 2m)
†h‡nZz ( I ( †f±iØq ci¯ú‡ii mgvšÍivj|
 F1 I F2 Gi µm ¸Ydj k~b¨ n‡e|
A_©vr (  ( = 0
ev, ( (0.5 m + 2) + ( (8 + 2m) = 0 ............... (i)
mgxKiY (i) Gi ( I ( Gi mnM mgxK…Z K‡i cvB.  0.5m + 2 = 0
ev, 0.5 m = 2
 m=4
myZivs, m Gi gvb 4. (Ans.)
( GLv‡b, ( = (4(  m( + () N
= (4(  4( + () N
 |(| = (N
ev, F1 = N = 5.74 N
Avevi, ( = (2(  2( + 0.5() N
 |(|=N
ev, F2 = 2.87 N
 ( I ( ci¯úi mgvšÍivj|
Zv‡`i ga¨eZx© †KvY  = 0
( I ( Gi jwä F = F1 + F2
= (5.74 + 2.87) N
= 8.61 N
F jwä ejwU m = 2kg ¯Í‡ii e¯‘i Dci t1 = 1 sec wµqv K‡i| d‡j e¯‘wU
cÖ_g 1 sec Z¡i‡Y hvq| cieZx© 1 sec e¯‘wU mg‡e‡M hvq|
g‡b Kwi, e¯‘wUi Z¡iY a Ges cÖ_g 1 sec cvi †eM v|
GLv‡b, Avw`‡eM u = 0 ms1
mgq t1 = 1 sec
fi m = 2 kg
†kl †eM = v ms1
cÖhy³ ej F = 8.61 N
cÖ_g †ÿ‡Î, F = ma
ev, 8.61 = 2
†eM (wg/†m.)

ev, 8.61 = 2
 v = 4.31 ms1


5 A B
4.3 mg‡e
Z¡iY
M
D C
X
O 1 2
mgq t (†m‡KÛ)


Dc‡ii †jLwP‡Î, e¯‘wU cÖ_g OA Ask Z¡i‡Y Ges cieZx© AB Ask

mg‡e‡M AwZµg K‡i|
myZivs, e¯‘wUi Z¡i‡Y AwZµvšÍ `~iZ¡ OAD Gi †ÿÎd‡ji mgvb
Ges mg‡e‡M AwZµvšÍ `~iZ¡ ABCD PZz©fz‡Ri †ÿÎd‡ji mgvb|
 2 sec G e¯‘wUi AwZµvšÍ `~iZ¡ s =  †ÿÎ OAD +  †ÿÎ ABCD
ev, s = + (AD  DC)
ev, s = + (4.31  1)
 s = 6.465 m
((( Kwjg DwÏb Kzgvi b`xi ZvjZjv Nv‡Ui gvwS| AvaywbK
weÁv‡bi †Quvqvq †m BwÄbPvwjZ †bŠKv Pvjvq| el©v
†gŠmy‡g b`xi cvwb †e‡o hvIqvq †mÖv‡Zi †eM NÈvq 7
wK‡jvwgUvi nq| Kwjg DwÏb †bŠKvi †eM NÈvq 14
wK‡jvwgUvi| [g`b‡gvnb K‡jR, wm‡jU]
K. K…wÎg DcMÖn Kx? 1
L. gvwUi cv‡Î cvwb VvÐv _v‡K †Kb? e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
 M.†bŠKv b`xi AvovAvwo Pvjv‡j jwä †eM I w`K wbY©q Ki|
3
N. †bŠKv b`xi AvovAvwo cvi n‡Z n‡j †bŠKv‡K †Kvb w`‡K
Pvjv‡Z n‡e wbY©q Ki| 4
35 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
( †h mKj gnvk~b¨hvb wbw`©ó Kÿc‡_ †_‡K c„w_ex‡K
cÖ`wÿY K‡i, Zv‡`i‡K K…wÎg DcMÖn e‡j|
( gvwUi cv‡Îi ÿz`ª wQ`ª¸‡jv ˆKwkK b‡ji g‡Zv KvR K‡i, d‡j
cvÎ †_‡K cvwb cv‡Îi Mv‡q I‡V Av‡m Ges ev®úxf‚Z nq| GB
ev®úxfe‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq Zvc cv‡Îi cvwb †_‡KB Av‡m,
d‡j cvwb VvÐv _v‡K|
( R
14 kmh–1

 7 kmh–1

awi, jwä †eM R Ges Zv †mÖv‡Zi mv‡_  †Kv‡Y hvq|

myZivs R2 = 72 + 142 + 2.7.14 cos 90
ev, R2 = 245
 R = 15.65 ms1
Avevi, tan  = = =
  = tan1 (1/2) = 26.56
myZivs, †bŠKv †mÖv‡Zi mv‡_ 26.56 †Kv‡Y 15.65 ms1 †e‡M
hv‡e|
(
14 kmh–1


7 kmh–1
awi, †bŠKv b`xi AvovAvwo cvo n‡Z n‡j †mÖv‡Zi mv‡_ 
†Kv‡Y iIbv w`‡Z n‡e|
jwä †h‡nZz †mÖv‡Zi mv‡_ 90 †KvY K‡i|
myZivs, tan 90 =
ev, =
 7 + 14 cos  = 0
ev, cos  = 
ev, cos   1/2
ev,  = cos1
  = 120
myZivs †mÖv‡Zi mv‡_ 120 †Kv‡Y iIbv w`‡Z n‡e| (Ans.)
((( wm‡jU miKvwi gwnjv K‡j‡Ri mvg‡bi iv¯ÍvwU w`‡q GKRb
†jvK 5 kmh1 †e‡M `wÿY w`K †_‡K DËi w`‡K Ges Ab¨Rb DËi
w`K †_‡K `wÿY w`‡K GKB †e‡M †nu‡U hv‡”Qb| nVvr `wÿY
w`K †_‡K Abyf‚wg‡Ki mv‡_ 60 †Kv‡Y 30 kmh1 †e‡M S‡ov
e„wó bvgj|[wm‡jU miKvwi gwnjv K‡j‡R, wm‡jU]
K. Kvj© Kx? 1
L. ((  ()  ( †Kvb ai‡Yi †f±i? e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
M.1g e¨w³i Dci e„wó KZ jwä †e‡M G‡m co‡Q? 3
 N. e„wó n‡Z iÿv †c‡Z n‡j †Kvb e¨w³‡K †ewk AvbZ †Kv‡Y
QvZv ai‡Z n‡e? MvwYwZK we‡køl‡Yi mvnv‡h¨ gZvgZ
`vI| 4
36 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
( †Kv‡bv †f±i †ÿ‡Îi Kvj© GKwU †f±i ivwk hv H †ÿ‡Îi
N~Y©bkxjZv wb‡`©k K‡i|
( Avgiv Rvwb, ((  () = (
Avevi, (  ( = 1.1. sin 0 = 0
(  ()  ( = 0 A_©vr GwU GKwU k~b¨ †f±i|

( GLv‡b, †jv‡Ki †eM, u = 5 kmh1

e„wói †eM, v = 30 kmh 1

ga¨eZx© †KvY,  = 60

jwä †eM, W = ?
Avgiv Rvwb, W =
=
= 32.8 ms1
 1g e¨w³i Dci e„wó 32.8 ms1 jwä †e‡M G‡m co‡Q|
( cÖ_g e¨w³i Rb¨, e¨w³i †eM, P1 = 5
tan 1 = kmh1
ev, 1 = tan 1
e„wói †eM, Q1 =
30 kmh1
Drcbœ †KvY 1 =
60
QvZvi AvbZ
†KvY, 1 = ?
= tan1
= 52.41
e¨w³i †eM, P2 = 5 kmh1
e„wói †eM, Q2 = 30 kmh1
Drcbœ †KvY, 2= (9060) = 30
QvZvi AvbZ †KvY, 2 = ?
wØZxq e¨w³i Rb¨,
tan 2 =
ev, 2 = tan1
= tan1
= 25.83
cÖ_g e¨w³‡K †ewk †Kv‡Y QvZv AvbZ Ki‡Z n‡e|
((( (= x2zi  2y3z2 ( + xy2 z (
[K¨v›Ub‡g›U cvewjK ¯‹zj GÛ K‡jR, knx` gvneye
†mbvwbevm, w`bvRcyi]
K. bvj †f±i Kx? 1
L. WvBfvi‡R‡Ýi †fŠZ Zvrch© wjL| 2
M.(1,  1, 1) we›`y‡Z ( Gi WvBfvi‡RÝ wbY©q Ki| 3
N. DÏxc‡K ewY©Z †f±iwU N~Y©bkxj wK-bv? †Zvgvi
gZvg‡Zi mc‡ÿ hyw³ `vI| 4
37 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
( †h †f±‡ii gvb k~b¨, Zv‡K bvj †f±i e‡j|
( WvBfvi‡R‡Ýi †fŠZ Zvrch©t (i) WvBfvi‡RÝ Øviv GKK
AvqZ‡b †Kv‡bv w`K ivwki †gvU KZUzKz d¬v· †Kv‡bv we›`y
AwfgyLx ev AcmvwiZ n‡”Q Zv cÖKvk K‡i| (. ( ev, div. ( Øviv
GKK mg‡q †Kv‡bv Zij c`v‡_©i Nb‡Z¡i cwieZ©‡bi nvi eySvq|
(ii) WvBfvi‡R‡Ýi gvb abvÍK n‡j Zij c`v‡_©i AvqZb e„w× cvq,
Nb‡Z¡i n«vm N‡U| Gi gvb FYvÍK n‡j AvqZ‡bi ms‡KvPb N‡U,
NbZ¡ e„w× cvq|
( cÖ`Ë †f±i ( = x2z(  2y3z2 ( + xy2z (
Ges cÖ`Ë we›`y (1,  1, 1)
( Gi WvBfvi‡RÝ = (. (
= . (x2z (  2y3z2(
+ xy2z()
= (x2z) + (2y3z2) + (xy2z)
= 2xz  6y2z2 + xy2
 (1,  1, 1) we›`y‡Z WvBfvi‡RÝ
= 2  1  1  6 (1)2 (1)2 + 1  (1)2
=26+1=4
( DÏxc‡K ewY©Z †f±iwUi Kvj©,
((=
=((
+(
= ( (2xyz + 4y3z)  ( (y2z  x2) + ( (0  0)
 (1, 1, 1) we›`y‡Z Kvj© = ( {2.1.(1).1 + 4(1)3.1}  ( {(1)2.1  12}
= ( (2  4)  ( (1  1)
=  6(  0
myZivs (DÏxc‡Ki †f±iwUi Kvj© Ak~b¨ nIqvq) GwU
N~Y©bkxj|
((( ivwdi evmvi cv‡kB GKwU wZb iv¯Ívi †gvo| GKw`b we‡Kj
†ejv †m Qv‡` `uvwo‡q wQj| nVvr †m †`L‡Z †cj NOAH,
TOYOTA Ges LAND CRUISER G wZbwU Mvwo †gvo †bIqvi
mgq weKU k‡ã msN‡l© wjß nq| †m †`L‡jv wZbwU MvwoB
GK‡Î GK‡hv‡M wKQy `~‡i wM‡q †_‡g †Mj|
Mvwo wZbwUi †eM wQj h_vµ‡g
( = (2( + (  () m/s
( = (3( – 2( + 4() m/s
( = (3( + ( + 5() m/s
[gwR`v LvZzb miKvwi gwnjv K‡jR, jvjgwbinvU]
K. Av‡cwÿK †eM Kx? 1
L. †f±i ivwki cwieZ©b Kq cÖKv‡i n‡Z cv‡i Ges wK wK?
2
M.cÖgvY Ki †h, (, ( Ges ( †f±i wZbwU GKB mgZ‡j
wµqvkxj? 3
N. msN‡l©i c‡i cÖvß jwä †eM wb‡q Mvwo wZbwU Kx †Kvb
GK iv¯Ív eivei MwZkxj _vK‡Z cvi‡e| MvwYwZKfv‡e e¨vL¨v
Ki| 4
38 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
( GKwU e¯‘i mv‡c‡ÿ Aci GKwU e¯‘i †eM‡K 2q e¯‘i Av‡cwÿK
†eM e‡j|
( †f±i ivwki cwieZ©b wZb cÖKv‡i n‡Z cv‡i :
i. ïay gv‡bi cwieZ©‡b
ii. ïay w`‡Ki cwieZ©‡b
iii. †f±i ivwki gvb I w`K Df‡qi cwieZ©‡b|
( †`Iqv Av‡Q, ( = (2( + (  () ms1
( = (3(  2( + 4() ms1
( = (3( + ( + 5() ms1
= ((  3( + 5() ms1
†f±i wZbwU GKB mgZ‡j wµqvkxj n‡e hw` (. ((  () = ( nq|
GLv‡b, (  ( =
=(( +(
= 2(  11(  7(
Ges (. ((() = (2( + ( – ().(2(  11( – 7()
= 2  2 + 1  (–11) + (–1)  (–7)
= 4 – 11 + 7 = 11 – 11 = 0
(, ( Ges ( †f±i wZbwU GKB mgZ‡j wµqvkxj|
( msN‡l©i ci cÖvß jwä †eM = ( + ( + (
= (2( + (  () ms1 + (3(  2( + 4() ms1 + ((  3( + 5() ms1
= (2( + (  ( + 3(  2( + 4( + (  3( + 5() ms1
= 6(  4( + 8() ms1
= 2(3(  2( + 4() ms1 = 2(
myZivs, msN‡l©i c‡i cÖvß jwä †eM wb‡q Mvwo wZbwU
†Kv‡bv GKwU iv¯Ív eivei MwZkxj _vK‡Z cvi‡e Toyota
MvwowU msN‡l©i c~‡e© †h iv¯ÍvwU w`‡q hvw”Qj, †m
iv¯ÍvwU eivei|
((( GKwU cvnvwo b`x‡Z †mÖv‡Zi †eM 6 kmh1 Ges GKwU 15
kmh1 †e‡M MwZkxj w¯úW‡evU H b`x‡Z hvÎx cvovcv‡i
e¨en„Z nq|[miKvwi knx` eyjeyj K‡jR, cvebv]
K. †Kcjv‡ii wØZxq m~ÎwU wjL? 1
L. Òx = A sin (t + ) mij Qw›`Z ¯ú›`‡bi AšÍiK mgxKi‡Yi
GKwU mgvavb|Ó e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
[Link] b`x cvwo w`‡Z PvB‡j w¯úW‡evUwU‡K †Kvb
w`‡K Pvjv‡Z n‡e? 3
N. b`xwU 2.5 km cÖk¯Í n‡j †mvRv Aci cv‡i †Kvb we›`y‡Z
†h‡Z w¯úW‡evUwUi KZ wgwbU mgq jvM‡e?
MvwYwZKfv‡e we‡kølY Ki| 4
39 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
( †Kvb MÖn I m~‡h©i ms‡hvRK mij‡iLv mgvb mg‡q mgvb
†ÿÎdj AwZµg K‡i|
( x = A sin (t + )| mgxKiYwU‡K mgq t Gi mv‡c‡ÿ ch©vqµ‡g
AšÍixKiY K‡i cvB,
= A cos (t + )
ev, =  2 A sin (t + )
ev, =  2 x ........... (i)
Avevi, + 2 x = 0, mij Qw›`Z ¯ú›`‡bi mgxKiY ........ (ii)
mgxKiY (ii) G (i) n‡Z cÖvß gvb ewm‡q cvB,
 2x + 2x = 0
ev, 0=0
 evgcÿ = Wvbcÿ|
myZivs, x = A sin (t + ) mij Qw›`Z ¯ú›`‡bi AšÍiK mgxKi‡Yi
mgvavb|
( g‡b Kwi AvovAvwo b`x cvwo w`‡Z PvB‡j w¯úW‡evUwU‡K
†mÖv‡Zi w`‡Ki mv‡_  †Kv‡Y Pj‡Z n‡e|
GLv‡b, †mÖv‡Zi †eM, u = 6 kmh1
w¯úW‡ev‡Wi †eM, v = 15 kmh1
 jwä †eM, R =
 R = 13.75 kmh1
Avevi, sin =
ev, sin  = u
  = 23.58 v  R
  = 90 +  
ev,  = 90 + 23.58
  = 113.58
†mÖv‡Zi mv‡_ 113.58 †Kv‡Y| (Ans.)
( w¯úW †ev‡Wi †mvRvmywR cÖ¯’ eivei jwä †eM, R = 13.75
kmh1
b`xi cÖ¯’, s= 2.5 km
 †mvRv Aci cv‡o hvevi cÖ‡qvRbxq mgq, t =
ev, t = hr
 t = 10.914 min (Ans.)
((( AY©e Awg‡Zi evoxi cvk w`‡q e‡q Pjv b`x‡Z †Kvb
GKw`b †mÖv‡Zi †eM wQj 4ms1| †mw`b Djø¤^ †iLv eivei
12ms1 †e‡M e„wó cowQj| b`xwU †mvRv cvwo †`qvi
cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq BwÄb PvwjZ †bŠKv wb‡q AY©e †mÖv‡Zi
w`‡Ki mv‡_ 122 †Kv‡Y I 7ms1 †e‡M Ges AwgZ †mÖv‡Zi
w`‡Ki mv‡_ 120 †Kv‡Y I 8ms1 †e‡M hvÎv K‡i| [w`bvRcyi
miKvwi K‡jR, w`bvRcyi]
K. NvZ ej Kx? 1
L. mvK©v‡m k~‡b¨ wWMevwR †`qvi mgq †L‡jvqvo nvZ-
cv ¸wU‡q iv‡L †Kb? 2
M.†bŠKv jwä †e‡M Pj‡j AY©‡ei †bŠKvq KZ †Kv‡Y e„wó
cowQj? 3
N. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq †K weRqx n‡qwQj-
MvwYwZK we‡kølYc~e©K gZvgZ `vI| 4
40 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
( e„nrgv‡bi †h ej AwZ Aí mgq a‡i wµqv K‡i Zv‡K NvZ ej e‡j|
( nVvr K‡i nvZ-cv ¸wU‡q †dj‡j †`‡ni RoZvi åvgK K‡g hvq|
ZLb †KŠwYK fi‡e‡Mi msiÿY m~Î (I11 = I22) Abymv‡i †`‡ni
N~Y©‡bi †KŠwYK †eM †e‡o hvq| G‡Z mgqgZ mwVK ¯’v‡b
†`n‡K bvwg‡q Avbv m¤¢e nq Ges †Kv‡bviƒc `yN©Ubv N‡U
bv|
( †`Iqv Av‡Q,
AY©‡ei †bŠKvi cÖK…Z †eM, u = 7ms1
†mÖv‡Zi †eM, v = 4ms1 –
( I ( Gi ga¨Kvi †KvY,  = 122
AY©‡ei †bŠKvi jwä †eM,
w = = ms1
= 5.94 ms1
e„wói †eM, p = 12 ms1
 e„wó Djø‡¤^i mv‡_  †Kv‡Y AY©‡ei Ici cwZZ n‡j,
 = tan1 = tan1 = 26.34
( b`xi cÖ¯’ eivei hvi jwä †e‡Mi Dcvsk †ewk n‡e, †h ¯^íZg
mg‡q b`x cvi n‡Z cvi‡e Ges weRqx n‡e|

u u
122 122
v v
b`xi cÖ¯’ eivei AY©‡ei jwä †e‡Mi Dcvsk = u cos (122  90) + v
cos 90
= 7ms1  cos 32 + 0 = 5.94 ms1
= †bŠKvi jwä †eM (ÔMÕ Ask n‡Z cvB)
Awg‡Zi †bŠKvi †eM, u = 8 ms1
b`xi cÖ¯’ eivei Awg‡Zi jwä †e‡Mi Dcvsk = u cos (120  90) + v
cos 90
= 8ms1  cos 30 + 0 = 6.93 ms1
jÿ¨ Kwi, Awg‡Zi jwä †e‡M, w = = ms1 = 6.93 ms1
= b`xi cÖ¯’ eivei Awg‡Zi jwä †e‡Mi Dcvsk
myZivs Df‡qi jwä †eMB b`xi cÖ¯’ eivei, hv †mÖv‡Zi w`‡Ki
mv‡_ mg‡Kv‡Y| G‡ÿ‡Î Awg‡Zi jwä †eM †ewk nIqvq (6.93 ms1>
5.93 ms1) DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq AwgZ weRqx
n‡e|
((( p GKwU †¯‹jvi A‡cÿK †hLv‡b p = 3xy2 z + 4 xyz + 2yz 2 Ges
( GKwU †f±i A‡cÿK †hLv‡b ( = x2 y( + 2xz(  2yz( [AvgW©
cywjk e¨v‡Uwjqb cvewjK ¯‹zj GÛ K‡jR, e¸ov]
K. wecixZ †f±i Kv‡K e‡j? 1
L. `ywU †f±i KLb ci¯úi mgvšÍivj nq? e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
M.DÏxc‡K ( Gi Kvj© wbY©q Ki| 3
N. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K we‡kølY K‡i †`Lv‡bv m¤¢e wKbv-
†hLv‡b GKwU †¯‹jvi †ÿ·K †f±i †ÿ‡Î Ges GKwU †f±i
†ÿ·K †¯‹jvi iƒcvšÍi Ki| 4
41 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
( wbw`©ó w`K eivei †Kv‡bv †f±i‡K abvÍK ai‡j Zvi wecixZ
w`‡K mggv‡bi mgRvZxq †f±i‡K wecixZ †f±i e‡j|
( Avgiv Rvwb, ( I ( †f±i؇qi ga¨eZx© †KvY  n‡j G‡`i †f±i
¸Ydj AB sin  (|
( I ( †f±iØq ci¯úi mgvšÍivj n‡j,  = 0
†m‡ÿ‡Î, (  ( = AB sinn = (
myZivs `ywU †f±‡ii µm ev †f±i ¸Ydj k~b¨ n‡j Giv mgvšÍivj
nq|
( ‡`Iqv Av‡Q, ( = x2y( + 2xz(  2yz(
( Gi Kvj© =(  ( =
=((
+(
= ( (2z  2x)  ( (0  0) + ( (2z  x2)
= 2( (x + z) + ( (2z  x2)
BnvB wb‡Y©q Kvj©| (Ans.)
( GKwU †¯‹jvi †ÿ·K †f±i †ÿ‡Î iƒcvšÍi m¤¢e, hw` Gi
†MÖwW‡q›U wbY©q Kiv nq| wb‡æ p †¯‹jvi †ÿÎwUi
†MÖwW‡q›U wbY©q Kiv n‡jv|
(p = (3xy2 z + 4xyz + 2yz2)
= ( (3xy2 z + 4xyz + 2yz2) + ( (3xy2 z + 4xyz + 2yz2)
+ ( (3xy2 z + 4xyz + 2yz2)
= ( (3y2 z + 4yz + 0) + ( (6xyz + 4xz + 2z2) + ( (3xy2 + 4xy + 4yz) hv
GKwU †f±i †ÿÎ|
Avevi, GKwU †f±i †ÿ·K †¯‹jvi †ÿ‡Î iƒcvšÍi m¤¢e, hw` Gi
WvBfvi‡RÝ wbY©q Kiv nq| wb‡æ ( †f±iwUi WvBfvi‡RÝ
wbY©q Kiv n‡jv|
(.( = . (x2y ( + 2xz (  2yz ()
= (x2y) + (2xz) + (2yz)
= 2xy + 0  2y = 2xy  2y, hv GKwU †¯‹jvi †ÿÎ|
((( b`x‡Z 10 kmhr1 †e‡M †mÖvZ eB‡Q| wgm c¨v‡MvwW 20
kmhr1 †e‡M †mÖv‡Zi mv‡_ 60 †Kv‡Y †bŠKv Pvwj‡q 2 km cÖ¯’
b`x cvwo w`‡jb|[†dbx miKvwi K‡jR, †dbx]
K. e¨vmva© †f±‡ii cv` we›`yi Ae¯’vb †Kv_vq? 1
L. e„ËvKvi c‡_ mg`ªæwZ‡Z N~Y©vqgvb e¯‘i Kv‡Ri
cwigvY MvwYwZK fv‡e wbY©q Ki| 2
M.DÏxc‡Ki b`x cvwo w`‡Z wgm& c¨v‡MvwWi KZ mgq
†j‡M‡Q? 3
N. wgm& c¨v‡MvwWi †bŠKvq AwZµvšÍ c_ wK b`xi cÖ‡¯’i
mgvb? MvwYwZK we‡kølY `vI| 4
42 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
( e¨vmva© †f±‡ii cv` we›`yi Ae¯’vb wØgvwÎK ev wÎgvwÎK
Kv‡U©mxq ¯’vbvsK KvVv‡gvi g~j we›`y‡Z|
( e„ËvKvi c‡_ mg`ªæwZ‡Z hLb GKwU e¯‘ Nyi‡Z _v‡K ZLb Gi
Ici aªæegv‡bi †K›`ªgyLx ej (() wµqv K‡i| cÖwZwU ÿz`ª
gyn~‡Z© e¯‘wU †h ÿz`ª miY (() jvf K‡i, Zvi w`‡K ( Gi
j¤^w`‡K| myZivs cÖwZwU ÿz`ª gyn~‡Z© †K›`ªg~Lx ej
Øviv K…ZKvR, dw = (. d( = Fcds cos 90 = 0, AZGe e¯‘wU
c~Y©N~Y©b m¤úbœ KiæK bv †Kb, †K›`ªgyLx ej Øviv K…
ZKvR me©`vB k~b¨|
( †`Iqv Av‡Q, b`xi cÖ¯’, d = 2 km = 200 m
†bŠKvi cÖK…Z †eM, u = 20 kmhr1 = 5.56 ms1
†mÖv‡Zi †eM, v = 10 kmhr1 = 2.78 ms1

d
60

b`xi cÖ¯’ eivei, †bŠKvi cÖK…Z †e‡Mi Dcvsk + †mÖv‡Zi

†e‡Mi Dcvsk
= u cos (90  60) + v cos 90
= 5.56 ms1  cos 30 + 0
= 4.815 ms1
 DÏxc‡Ki b`x cvwo w`‡Z wgm& c¨v‡MvwWi mgq jv‡M,
t = = = 415.4 sec (Ans.)
( wgm& c¨v‡MvwWi †bŠKvi jwä †eM, w =
= ms1
= 7.355 ms1
myZivs b`x cvivcviKv‡j †bŠKv KZ…©K AwZµvšÍ `~iZ¡ (ev
miY), s = 7.355 ms1  t = 7.355 ms1  415.4 sec
= 3055.27 m >> 2000 m (b`xi cÖ¯’)
AZGe, wgm& c¨v‡MvwWi †bŠKvq AwZµvšÍ c_ b`xi cÖ‡¯’i
mgvb bq| eis b`xi cÖ¯’ A‡cÿv A‡bK †ewk|
(((
†bŠKvi †eM = 4 e„wói †eM = 2
km/h km/h

†mÖ‡Zvi †eM = 2
†mÖv‡Zi wecix‡Z
km/h  †bŠKv Pvjv‡bv n‡”Q| nVvr e„wó Avmvq
gvwS QvZv ai‡jb| b`xi Gcvi †_‡K wVK Icv‡i †cuŠQvi Rb¨
gvwS †mÖv‡Zi cÖwZK‚‡j wZh©Kfv‡e †bŠKv Pvjv‡Z jvM‡jb|
[mybvgMÄ miKvwi K‡jR, mybvgMÄ]
K. AvqZ GKK †f±i wK? 1
L. mg`ªæwZ‡Z Pjgvb e¯‘i Z¡iY _v‡K bv e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
M.†mvRvmywR b`x cvi nIqvi Rb¨ gvwS‡K †Kvb w`‡K
†bŠKv Pvjv‡Z n‡e? 3
N. e„wó †_‡K iÿv cvIqvi Rb¨ gvwS Kxfv‡e QvZv a‡iwQ‡jb 
e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
43 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
( wÎgvwÎK Kv‡U©mxq ¯’vbvsK e¨e¯’vi wZbwU abvÍK Aÿ
eivei †h wZbwU GKK †f±i we‡ePbv Kiv nq Zv‡`i‡K AvqZ
GKK †f±i e‡j|
( mg`ªæwZ‡Z †Kvb e¯‘ mijc‡_ Pjgvb _vK‡j Gi Z¡iY _v‡K bv|
Avgiv Rvwb, Z¡iY GKwU †f±i ivwk hv †e‡Mi gvb ev w`K ev
Df‡qiB cwieZ©‡bi d‡j m„wó nq| mg`ªæwZ‡Z †Kvb e¯‘ hw`
mij c‡_ Pjgvb _v‡K Z‡e †e‡Mi gvb ev w`K †KvbwUiI
cwieZ©b nq bv| d‡j †Kvb Z¡iY _v‡K bv|
( GLv‡b, †bŠKvi †eM, u = 4 km/h
†mÖv‡Zi †eM, v = 2 km/h
†bŠKvi w`K,  = ?

u = 4 Km/h


v = 2 Km/h

†mvRvmywR b`x cvi nIqvi Rb¨ †bŠKvi jwä †eM †mÖv‡Zi

mv‡_ 90 †KvY Drcbœ K‡i|
 tan 90 =
ev, =
ev, v + u cos  = 0
ev, cos  = 
ev,  = cos1
  = 120
A_©vr myRvmywR cvi nIqvi Rb¨ gvwS‡K †mÖv‡Zi w`‡Ki
mv‡_ 120 †Kv‡Y †bŠKv Pvjv‡Z n‡e|
( GLv‡b, †bŠKvi †eM, u = 4 km/h
†mÖv‡Zi †eM, v = 2 km/h
†mÖv‡Zi mv‡_ Drcbœ †KvY,  = 120
e„wói †eM, P = 2 km/h
 †bŠKvi jwä †eM, w =
=
= 2 km/h
w = 2km/h O 
A


P = 2 km/h
B C

awi, gvwS‡K Abyf‚wg‡Ki mv‡_  †Kv‡Y QvZv ai‡Z n‡e|

GLv‡b, OA = †bŠKvi jwä †eM, w = 2km/h
OC = AB = e„w×i †eM, P = 2 km/h
Zvn‡j, tan  = = =
ev,  = tan1
  = 30
A_©vr gvwS‡K Abyf‚wg‡Ki mv‡_ 30 ev Dj‡¤^i mv‡_ 60
†KvY QvZv ai‡Z n‡e| (Ans.)

((( Dwg©, mvjgv I mvwebv iweevi Òóvi mvb †WÓ Dcj‡ÿ¨

K‡jR eÜ _vKvq `ycyi eviUvi mgq wUwf‡Z †NvlYv ï‡b Zv‡`i
†PvL Qvbveov n‡q †Mj| wUwf c`©vq †`‡L 200 kmh1 †e‡M
h‡kv‡ii Ici w`‡q So `vbe e‡q hv‡e| Gi ciB we`y¨ P‡j †Mj|
evB‡i jÿ K‡i Zviv †`Lj cÖPÐ So ïiæ n‡q †M‡Q| mv‡_ we`y¨r
PgKv‡”Q Ges cÖPÐ eRªcv‡Zi aŸwb ïb‡Z cv‡”Q| Pviw`‡K
AÜKvi n‡q †M‡Q| NÈv Pv‡iK Gfv‡e e„wó nj| e„wó †kl n‡j
`iRv Ly‡j †`‡L Zv‡`i N‡ii mvg‡bi bvi‡Kj MvQUv DËi w`‡Ki
mv‡_ cÖvq 45 †KvY K‡i cwðg w`‡K †f‡½ c‡o Av‡Q|
[†Kkecyi K‡jR, †Kkecyi, h‡kvi]
K. ZvrÿwYK †eM Kv‡K e‡j? 1
L. w¯úÖs aªæeK †Kvb †Kvb ivwki Ici wbf©ikxj? 2
M.S‡oi DËi gyLx I cwðg gyLx Dcvs‡ki gvb †ei Ki| 3
N. DÏxc‡K ewY©Z S‡oi †eM‡K Kx Zzwg m‡e©v”P jwä †eM
e‡j g‡b Ki? Z‡e m‡e©v”P jwä †eM wbY©‡qi ivwkgvjv
cÖwZcv`b K‡i †Zvgvi Dˇii mZ¨Zv cÖgvY Ki| 4
44 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
( mgq e¨eavb k~‡b¨i KvQvKvwQ n‡j mg‡qi mv‡_ e¯‘i
`~i‡Z¡i cwieZ©‡bi nvi‡K ZvrÿwYK †eM e‡j|
( †h‡nZz, w¯úÖs aªæeK, k = ZvB, w¯úÖs aªæeK cÖhy³ e‡ji
mgvbycvwZK Ges ms‡KvPb ev cÖmvi‡Yi e¨¯ÍvbycvwZK|
Zvn‡j, w¯úÖs aªæeK cÖhy³ ej I w¯úÖs‡qi ms‡KvPb ev
cÖmvi‡Yi Dci wbf©ikxj|
( DËi
vN
45

cwð c~e
g vW
©

v = 200 kmh–1
`w¶
Y
†`Iqv Av‡Q, S‡oi †eM, v = 200 kmh1
S‡oi DËigyLx Dcvsk, vN = ?
S‡oi cwðg gyLx Dcvsk, vw = ?
GLb, vN = vcos 45
= 200 kmh1  cos 45
= 141.42 kmh1
vw = v sin 45
= 200 kmh1  sin 45
= 141.42 kmh1 (Ans.)
(
A D


 
B C E
g‡b Kwi, ( I ( `ywU †f±i ci¯ú‡ii mv‡_  †Kv‡Y wµqviZ| ( I ( †K
ABCD mvgvšÍwi‡Ki AB I BC mwbœwnZ evûØq Øviv wP‡ýZ
Kiv n‡q‡Q| AZGe, ABCD mvgvšÍwi‡Ki KY© BD †f±i؇qi jwä
R cÖKvk Ki‡e| D n‡Z BC Gi ewa©Zvs‡ki Dci DE j¤^ Uvwb|
GLb, BDE G,
BD2 = BE2 + DE2
BD2 = (BC + CE)2 + DE2 ................. (i)
GLb, CDE G, cos  =
 CE = CD cos  = u cos 
Avevi, sin  =  DE = CD sin 
 (i) bs G gvb ewm‡q cvB, [BD = R; BC = v] CD =
R2 = (v + u cos )2 + (u sin )2
= v2 + 2uv cos  + u2 cos2  + u2 sin2 
= v2 + 2uv cos  + u2 (cos2  + sin2 )
= u2 + v2 + 2uv cos 
ev, R =
AZGe, jwä †f±‡ii gvb †f±i؇qi gvb I G‡`i ga¨eZx© †Kv‡Yi
Ici wbf©ikxj|
hw`  = 0 nq ZLb,
R=
= u + v hv jwäi m‡e©v”P gvb|
AZGe, Avgiv ej‡Z cvwi `ywU †f±‡ii jwä m‡e©v”P ZLbB n‡e
hLb G‡`i ga¨eZx© †KvY 0 n‡e| wKš‘ (M)bs n‡Z Avgiv cvB
S‡oi DËi I cwðggyLx Dcvs‡ki jwä nj S‡oi †eM| A_©vr Dcvsk
†f±i؇qi ga¨eZx© †KvY 90 AZGe, wbtm‡›`‡n cÖ`Ë DÏxc‡K
S‡oi †eM m‡e©v”P bq|
((( wP‡Î OA = v1 = †mÖv‡Zi †eM, OB = v2 = †bŠKvi †eM, OC =
jwä †eM Ges d = 1 km
B C B C

v2 = v d = 1 km v2 d = 1 km
4kmh–1 v

O v1 A O v1 A

[`wbqv K‡jR, XvKv]

K. msiÿYkxj e‡ji msÁv `vI| 1
 L. GKwU Zvi‡K ˆ`N©¨ eivei msKzwPZ ev cÖmvwiZ Ki‡Z
n‡j KvR Ki‡Z nq †Kb? 2
M.†mÖv‡Zi †eM 3kmh1 n‡j cÖ_g wPÎwU n‡Z jwä‡eM
wbY©q Ki| 3
N. ZvovZvwo b`x cvi n‡Z Zzwg †Kvb wPÎwU AbymiY
Ki‡e? MvwYwZKfv‡e we‡kølY Ki| 4
45 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
( †h e‡ji wµqvq †Kvb e¯‘‡K GK we›`y †_‡K Aci †Kvb we›`y‡Z
wb‡q †h‡Z H ej KZ…©K K…ZKvR ïay we›`y؇qi Ae¯’v‡bi
Dci wbf©i K‡i, c‡_i Dci wbf©i K‡i bv Zv‡K msiÿYkxj ej e‡j|
( †Kvb e¯‘‡K weK…Z Kiv n‡j GB weK…wZ cÖwZ‡iva Kivi
Rb¨ w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv a‡g©i Rb¨ e¯‘i †fZi GKwU cÖwZ‡iva e‡ji
D™¢e nq| GB ej e¯‘‡K c~e©ve¯’vq wdwi‡q wb‡Z Pvq| G
Rb¨B GKwU Zvi‡K ˆ`N©¨ eivei msKzwPZ ev cÖmvwiZ Ki‡Z
n‡j KvR Ki‡Z nq †Kbbv G‡ÿ‡Î Zv‡ii weK…wZ cÖwZ‡ivaKvix
e‡ji weiæ‡× evwn¨K ej cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z nq|
( DÏxc‡Ki Z_¨vbymv‡i, †mÖv‡Zi †eM, v1 = 3kmh1
†bŠKvi †eM, v2 = 4kmh1
DÏxc‡Ki 1g wP‡Î v1 Ges v2 Gi ga¨Kvi †Kvb  n‡j,
tan 90 =
ev, v1 + v2 cos  = 0
  = cos1 = cos1 = 138.6
Ges jwä †eM, v =
=
= = 2.645 kmh1
( B C B c

v v
v2 = 138.6 d = 1 km v2 d = 1 km
4kmh–1 = 4kmh–1 90
O v1 = 3 kmh–1 O A
v1 = 3 kmh–1

cÖ_g wPÎ Abymv‡i,

b`xi cÖ¯’ eivei †mÖvZ I †bŠKvi †e‡Mi Dcvs‡ki †hvMdj =
v1 cos 90 + v2 cos (138.6  90)
= 4 cos 48.6
= 2.645 km h1
myZivs b`x cvi n‡Z cÖ‡qvRbxq mgq, t1 = = 0.378 h =
22.68 min
Avevi, wØZxq wPÎ Abymv‡i, b`xi cÖ¯’ eivei †mÖvZ I †bŠKvi
†e‡Mi Dcvs‡ki †hvMdj = v1 cos 90 + v2 cos 0 = 4 kmh1
myZivs b`x cvi n‡Z cÖ‡qvRbxq mgq,
t2 =
= = 0.25 h = 15 min
†h‡nZz, t2 < t1 †m‡nZz wØZxq †ÿ‡Î b`x cvi n‡Z Kg mgq
jvM‡e|
((( ( = 10( + 8(  8( Ges ( = 5( + 6( + 5(
[Avãyj Kvw`i †gvjøv wmwU K‡jR, biwms`x]
K. AvqZ GKK †f±i Kx? 1
L. †f±i †ÿÎ n‡Z Kxfv‡e †¯‹jvi †ÿÎ cvIqv hvq? 2
M.( I ( Gi ga¨eZx© †KvY wbY©q Ki|3
 N. ( I ( Gi ci¯ú‡ii Dci j¤^ Awf‡ÿc KZ n‡e? KLb †f±i `ywUi
j¤^ Awf‡ÿc mgvb n‡e? 4
46 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
( wÎgvwÎK Kv‡U©mxq ¯’vbv¼ e¨e¯’vq wZbwU abvÍK Aÿ
eivei †h wZbwU GKK †f±i we‡ePbv Kiv nq Zv‡`i‡K AvqZ
GKK †f±i e‡j|
( hw` †Kvb †f±i †ÿ‡Îi WvBfvi‡RÝ Z_v †Wj () Acv‡iU‡ii mv‡_
†f±i †ÿÎwUi †¯‹jvi ¸Ydj †ei Kiv nq, Z‡e GKwU †¯‹jvi †ÿÎ cvIqv
hvq|
ZvB †Kvb †f±i †ÿ‡Îi WvBfvi‡RÝB nj H †f±i †ÿ‡Îi †¯‹jvi †ÿÎ|
( GLv‡b, ( = 10( + 8(  8(
Ges ( = 5( + 6( + 5(
g‡b Kwi, †f±i؇qi ga¨eZx© †KvY 
GLb, A = |(| =
==2
Ges B = |(| =
==
 ( . ( = AB cos 
ev, (10( + 8(  8(). (5( + 6( + 5() = (2  cos 
ev, (50 + 48  40) = (2)  (  cos 
ev, cos  = = 0.4142
ev,  = cos1 (0.4142) = 65.53 (Ans.)
( †`qv Av‡Q, ( = 10( + 8(  8(
( = 5( + 6( + 5(
awi, ga¨eZx© †KvY, = 
GLb, A = |(| = = 2
B = | (| = =
GLb, ( Gi Dci ( Gi j¤^ Awf‡ÿc,
B cos  = =
= = = 3.84 (Ans.)
Avevi, ( Gi Dci ( Gi j¤^ Awf‡ÿc, A cos  = =
= = 6.25
†f±i `yÕwU j¤^ Awf‡ÿc mgvb n‡j|
A cos  = B cos 
ev, =
ev, =  A = B
A_©vr, †f±i؇qi gvb mgvb n‡j j¤^ Awf‡ÿcØq mgvb n‡e|
(Ans.)
((( A we›`y‡K g~jwe›`y a‡i bvwejv Ges Rvwnb hvÎv Avi¤¢
Kij Ges wKQy mgq ci Zviv h_vµ‡g B I C we›`y‡Z †cŠQj|
g~jwe›`y †_‡K bvwejvi miY ( = 2( + ( + 4( Ges Rvwn‡bi miY
( = (  2( + 3(.
B
=2+ +4


A C
= –2+3

[MvBevÜv miKvwi gwnjv K‡jR]

K. †f±i ¸Y wK? 1
 L. 2 wU †f±‡ii †f±i ¸Yd‡ji w`K e¨vL¨v Ki|2
M.B I C we›`yi `~iZ¡ wbY©q Ki| 3
N. Rvwnb bvwejvi c_ eivei wK cwigvY `~iZ¡ AwZµg Kij
wbY©q Ki| 4
47 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
( `ywU AmgRvZxq †f±‡ii †¯‹jvi ev †f±i ¸Y‡b hLb Z…Zxq
Av‡iKwU ivwk cvIqv hvq ZLb Zv‡K †f±i ¸Yb e‡j|
( `ywU †f±‡ii †f±i ¸Yd‡ji w`K Wvb nvwZ ¯µz wbqg Abymv‡i
e¨vL¨v Kiv hvq| G wbqg Abymv‡i, †f±i `ywU †h mgZ‡j
Aew¯’Z †mB mgZ‡ji Ici j¤^fv‡e GKwU WvbnvwZ ¯µz‡K †i‡L
cÖ_g †f±i n‡Z wØZxq †f±‡ii w`‡K ÿz`ªZg †Kv‡Y Nyiv‡j
¯µzwU †hw`‡K AMÖmi nq †mB w`KB n‡e †f±i ¸Yd‡ji w`K|
( †`Iqv Av‡Q, ( = ( = 2( + (+ 4(
Ges ( = ( = (  2( + 3( †ei Ki‡Z n‡e, B I C we›`yi `~iZ¡, BC = |(| =
?
†f±i †hv‡Mi wÎfzR m~Îvbymv‡i, ( + ( = (
 ( = (  ( = ((  2( + 3()  (2( + ( + 4()
=  (  3(  (
 B I C we›`yi `~iZ, BC = |(|
= = (Ans)
( bvwejvi c‡_ n‡jv AB
Rvwn‡bi c_ n‡jv AC B


A C

bvwejvi c_ eivei Rvwn‡bi AwZµvšÍ `~iZ¡ = AD = AB eivei AC

Gi j¤^ Awf‡ÿc
= |(| cos  = =
= = = 2.62 GKK
myZivs Rvwnb bvwejvi c_ eivei 2.62 GKK `~iZ¡ AwZµg
Ki‡jv|

((( Awb›`¨ GKv`k †kÖwY‡Z c‡o| †m MÖv‡gi evwo‡Z †Mj

†eov‡Z| †mLv‡b wM‡q †`‡L Zv‡`i GKwU Rwgi AvK…wZ A™
¢zZ iK‡gi e‡j Zvi evwoi †jvKRb †mUvi cwigvY wbY©q Ki‡Z
wM‡q wngwkg Lv‡”Q| †m †`Lj RwgwUi AvK…wZ ûeû
mvgšÍvwiK AvK…wZi| †m Av‡iv †`Lj RwgwUi GKwU evûi
ˆ`N©¨ 25m Ges GwU c~e©-cwð‡g we¯Í…Z| Gi mwbœwnZ
evûwUi 20 m ˆ`‡N©¨i Ges GwU c~e© I DËi w`‡Ki wVK gvS
eivei c~e© †_‡K †KvYvKzwb DËi-cwðg w`‡K we¯Í…Z| c~e©
w`K‡K ( I DËi w`K‡K ( AvqZ GKK †f±i Øviv cÖKvk Kiv hvq|
Awb›`¨ Zvi cvV¨ c`v_©weÁvb eB‡qi m~Î e¨envi K‡i RwgwUi
†ÿÎdj wbY©q K‡i w`j|
[†ecRv cvewjK ¯‹zj GÐ K‡jR, PÆMÖvg]
K. †KŠwYK fi‡eM Kv‡K e‡j? 1
L. Kx Kx k‡Z© ej Øviv †Kv‡bv KvR nq bv? 2
M.DÏxc‡K ewY©Z c~e© †_‡K Dˇi we¯Í…Z Rwgi
evûwU‡K Dcvsk c×wZ‡Z †f±i iƒ‡c cÖKvk Ki| 3
N. Awb›`¨ Kxfv‡e RwgwUi †ÿÎdj wbY©q Kij Zv MvwYwZK
we‡køl‡Yi gva¨‡g wbiƒcY Ki| 4
 48 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
( †Kv‡bv wKQy ev A‡ÿi mv‡c‡ÿ N~Y©biZ e¯‘i ˆiwLK fi‡e‡Mi
åvgK‡K Gi †KŠwYK fi‡eM e‡j|
( K…ZKvR, W = Fs cos 
myZivs ej cÖ‡qvM Kiv m‡Ë¡I KvR n‡e bv, hw`
(i) e¯‘i miY k~b¨ nq|
(ii) e‡ji j¤^w`‡K e¯‘i miY N‡U|
( ()

20 m
()

W E
S
c~e© w`‡K †K ( Ges DËi w`K‡K ( Øviv cÖKvk Kiv n‡q‡Q|
Zvn‡j 20 m ˆ`‡N©¨i evûwUi X Aÿ eivei Dcvsk = (20m) cos
45(() = (14.14 m)(
Ges Y Aÿ eivei Dcvsk = (20 m) sin 45 (()= (14.14 m)(
Zvn‡j wb‡Y©q †f±iiƒ‡c cÖKvk = (14.14 m)( + (14.14 m)(
= 14.14 m ((  () (Ans.)
( c~e©-cwðg eivei we¯Í…Z evûwU‡K (25m)( Øviv cÖKvk Kiv
hvq| mvgvšÍwi‡Ki †ÿÎdj = mwbœwnZ evûØq‡K †f±i
we‡ePbv K‡i cÖvß µm ¸Yd‡ji gvb|
D³ µm ¸Ydj = (25 m)(  14.14 m ((  ()
= 353.5 ((  (  (  ()
= 353.5( m2
myZivs H Rwgi †ÿÎdj = 353.5( m2

(((
–

1 2
+
( = (  ( + ( Ges ( = 2(  3( + 6(
[Rvjvjvev` K‡jR, wm‡jU]
K. bvj †f±i Kx? 1
L. †¯‹jvi ¸Yb I †f±i ¸Yb ej‡Z wK eySvq? e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
M.DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K 1 Gi gvb KZ n‡e?3
N. DÏxc‡Ki 1 Ges 2 mgvb n‡e wKbv Zv MvwYwZKfv‡e
†`LvI| 4
49 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
( †h †f±‡ii gvb k~b¨ Zv‡K k~b¨ †f±i ev bvj †f±i e‡j|
( `ywU †f±i‡K ¸Y K‡i hw` ¸Ydj GKwU †¯‹jvi ivwk cvIqv hvq
Z‡e †mB ¸Yb‡K †¯‹jvi ¸Yb e‡j|
`ywU †f±i ivwk‡K ¸Y K‡i hw` ¸Ydj GKwU †f±i ivwk cvIqv
hvq Zvn‡j †f±‡ii †mB ¸Yb‡K †f±i ¸Yb e‡j|
( †`Iqv Av‡Q, ( =(  ( + (
( = 2(  3( + 6(
1 = ?
 |(| = A = =
|(| = = 7
GLb, (.( = AB cos 1
ev, ((  ( + (). (2(  3( + 6() =  7  cos 1
ev, 2 + 3 + 6 = 7 cos 1
ev, cos 1 =
 1 = 24.87 (Ans.)
( †`Iqv Av‡Q, (=((+(
( = 2(  3( + 6(
( + ( = ((  ( + () + (2(  3( + 6()
= 3(  4( + 7(
 |( + (| = =
(  ( = ((  ( + ()  (2(  3( + 6() = ( + 2(  5(
 |(  (| = =
GLb, (( + () . ((  () = |( + (|  |(  (|  cos2
ev, (3(  4( + 7(). (( + 2(  5() =   cos 2
ev, 3  8  35 = cos 2
 2 = 167.5
Avevi, 1 = 24.87 (M n‡Z)
myZivs, 1 I 2 mgvb bq|

((( wRwbqv‡`i evwoi mvg‡b beM½v b`x †hwU

†mÖvZ¯^xbx Ges hvi cÖ¯’ 1 km| evwoi wVK †mvRvmywR
b`xi Aci cv‡o †[Link]. K‡jR| Zvi K‡j‡Ri K¬vm ïiæ nq mKvj 9
Uvq| †Kvb GKw`b mKv‡j †m K¬vm Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨ evwo †_‡K
8Uv 50 wgwb‡U †mÖv‡Zi †e‡Mi mv‡_ 120 †Kv‡Y 10 kmh1
†e‡Mi GKwU †bŠKvq K‡i iIbv †`q|[miKvwi †[Link]. K‡jR,
wSbvB`n]
K. e¨vmva© †f±i Kv‡K e‡j? 1
L. cÖv‡mi MwZc‡_i m‡e©v”Pwe›`y‡Z fi‡eM wKiƒc
e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
M.H w`b beM½vq †mÖv‡Zi †eM wbY©q Ki| 3
N. wRwbqv wK h_vmg‡q K¬v‡m Dcw¯’Z n‡Z †c‡iwQj
MvwYwZK we‡køl‡Yi gva¨‡g gZvgZ `vI| 4
50 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
( cÖm½ KvVv‡gvi g~j we›`yi mv‡c‡ÿ Ab¨ †Kvb we›`yi
Ae¯’vb †h †f±i w`‡q cÖKvk Kiv nq Zv‡K Ae¯’vb †f±i ev
e¨vmva© †f±i e‡j|
( Avgiv Rvwb, fi‡eM = m  v| A_©vr fi‡eM fi I †eM Df‡qi Ici
wbf©ikxj| cÖv‡mi †ÿ‡Î m‡e©v”P we›`y‡Z †e‡Mi Dj¤^
Dcvsk vy Gi gvb k~‡b¨ e‡j m‡e©v”P we›`y‡Z †eM
me©wbæ| GRb¨B cÖv‡mi MwZc‡_i m‡e©v”P we›`y‡Z
fi‡eM me©wbæ|
(
1 km
v
120

†`Iqv Av‡Q, †bŠKvi †eM v = 10 kmh1

ga¨eZx© †KvY  = 120
†mÖv‡Zi †eM u = ?
Avbyf‚wgK eivei Dcvsk wb‡q cvB,
u + v cos  = 0
 u =  v cos 
=  10  cos 120
=  10  (1/2)
 u = 5kmh1 (Ans.)
( †`Iqv Av‡Q, b`xi cÖ¯’, d = 1 km = 1000 m
†bŠKvi †eM, v = 10 kmh1 = 2.78ms1
ga¨eZx© †KvY,  = 120
(M) bs n‡Z, †mÖv‡Zi †eM, 4 = 5 kmh1 = 1.39ms1
†mvRvmywR b`x cvo n‡Z mgq t = ?
b`xi cÖ¯’ eivei †e‡Mi Dcvsk = v cos 30 + u cos 90
= v cos 30
Avgiv Rvwb, †mvRvmywR b`x cvi n‡Z mgq t =
=
= 415.36 s = 6.9 min
†h‡nZz, Zvi K¬vm ïiæ nq 9 Uvq Ges †m hvÎv ïiæ Ki 8.50 G;
AZGe Zvi MšÍ‡e¨ †cŠQv‡Z n‡e 10 min Gi g‡a¨| wKš‘ b`x cvo
n‡Z Zvi mgq jv‡M 6.9 min AZGe, wRwbqv K¬v‡m Dcw¯’Z
n‡Z †c‡iwQj|

((( w`qv I †mZz K‡j‡R hvevi c‡_ 6ms1 †e‡M j¤^fv‡e cwZZ
e„wói m¤§yLxb n‡jv| Zviv `yRbB QvZv wb‡q 3ms1 I 4ms1
†e‡M e„wó‡Z bv wf‡R K‡j‡R †cuŠQvj|[Mvsbx wWMÖx K‡jR,
†g‡nicyi]
K. mvgvšÍwiK myÎwU wee„Z Ki| 1
L. Ae¯’vb †f±i ej‡Z wK eyS? e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
M.e„wó †_‡K iÿv †c‡Z †mZz KZ wWwMÖ †Kv‡Y QvZv
a‡iwQj? 3
N. †K †ewk †Kv‡Y QvZv a‡i wQj I †Kb? e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
51 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
( hw` GKwU mvgvšÍwi‡Ki †Kvb †KŠwYK we›`y †_‡K Aw¼Z
`ywU mwbœwnZ evû Øviv †Kvb KYvi Dci GKKvjxb wµqvkxj
GKB RvZxq `ywU †f±‡ii gvb I w`K wb‡`©k Kiv nq, Zvn‡j H
we›`y †_‡K Aw¼Z mvgvšÍwi‡Ki KY©wU †f±i `ywUi wgwjZ
d‡ji ev jwäi gvb I w`K wb‡`©k K‡i|
( cÖm½ KvVv‡gvi g~j we›`yi mv‡c‡ÿ †Kvb we›`yi Ae¯’vb
†h †f±i w`‡q wb‡`©k Kiv nq Zv‡K H we›`yi Ae¯’vb †f±i e‡j|
Y
P

O X

wP‡Î, O n‡”Q cÖm½ KvVv‡gvi g~j we›`y Ges P †h †Kvb

GKwU we›`y| ( †f±iwU O we›`yi mv‡c‡ÿ P we›`yi Ae¯’vb
wb‡`©k K‡i|
 ( GKwU Ae¯’vb †f±i|
( g‡b Kwi, e„wói jwä †eM Dj¤^ w`‡Ki mv‡_  †KvY Drcbœ
K‡i|

4ms –1
6ms–1

v = 6ms–1
u = 4ms–1
Avgiv Rvwb, tan  = GLv‡b,
[wPÎ n‡Z] e„wói †eM, v
ev,  = tan1 = 6ms1
= 33.7 (Ans.) †mZzi †eM, u
= 4ms1
 e„wó †_‡K iÿv †c‡Z †mZz 33.7 †Kv‡Y QvZv a‡iwQj|
( (M) bs †_‡K cvB, †mZz 33.7 †Kv‡Y QvZv a‡iwQj|
 wPÎ †_‡K w`qv †h †Kv‡Y QvZv a‡iwQj,
tan =
ev,  = tan1 (1/2) = 26.57 


6ms–1

3ms–1
 w`qv 26.57 †Kv‡Y QvZv a‡iwQj| †mZz †ewk †Kv‡Y QvZv
a‡iwQj| KviY †mZzi †eM †ekx wQj hv‡Z †m e„wói nvZ †_‡K
iÿv †c‡Z cv‡i|
((( ( = x2 z(  2y3 ( + xy2 z(
[miKvwi [Link]. K‡jR, ev‡MinvU]
K. †f±i we‡kølY Kv‡K e‡j? 1
L. †f±i ivwki WU ¸Yb wewbgq m~Î †g‡b P‡j e¨vL¨v Ki|
2
M.(1, 1, 1) we›`y‡Z ( Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 3
N. DÏxc‡Ki †f±iwU N~Y©bkxj wKbv? †Zvgvi gZvg‡Zi
¯^c‡ÿ hyw³ `vI| 4
52 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
( GKwU †f±i‡K GKvwaK †f±‡i wef³ Kivi cÖwµqv‡K †f±i
we‡kølY e‡j|
( ( I ( `yBwU †f±i Ges Zv‡`i ga¨eZx© †KvY  n‡j| †f±i؇qi
WU ¸Y †_‡K cvB, (. ( = AB cos 
(.( = BA cos 
wKš‘ A I B h_vµ‡g †f±i ivwk ( Ges ( Gi gvb A_©vr A I B †¯‹jvi
ivwk|
 †¯‹jvi ivwki ¸Yb †_‡K cvB,
AB cos  = BA cos 
 ( . ( = (.( GwUB wewbgq m~Î|
A_©vr, `yBwU †f±i ivwki WU ¸Ydj wewbgq m~Î †g‡b P‡j|
( GLv‡b, ( = x2 z (  2y3z2 ( + xy2z (
GLb, (1, 1, 1) we›`y‡Z Z_v x = 1, y = 1 Ges z = 1 G
( = {(1)2  1}(  {2  (1)3  12} ( + {1  (1)2  1) (
= ( + 2( + (
 ( Gi gvb, A = |(|
=
=
=
( GLv‡b, ( = x2z (  2y3z2 ( + xy2 z (
Avgiv Rvwb, ( = ( + ( + (
 Curl A = (  (
=  (x2 z (  2y3z2( + xy2 z ()
=
=( (
+(
= ( (2xyz + 4y z)  ( (y z  x ) + ( (0  0)
3 2 2

= ( (2xyz + 4y3z)  ( (y2z  x2)

(1, 1, 1) we›`y‡Z,
Curl A = ({(2  1  ( 1)  1) + (4  (1)3  1)} ({(1)2  1  12}
= ((2  4)  ((1  1) = 6(
 Curl A  0
 †f±iwU N~Y©bkxj|

((( 3 km cÖ¯’ GKwU b`xi †mÖv‡Zi †eM 2kmh1| †mÖvZnxb

b`x‡Z jvweev 4kmh1 †e‡M mvZvi KvU‡Z cv‡i|
[bovBj miKvwi wf‡±vwiqv K‡jR, bovBj]
K. WvBfvi‡RÝ Kx? 1
L. Ô¯µz‡K GKB w`‡K Nywi‡q cvV wb‡j wcQU ÎæwU n‡Z
†invB cvIqv m¤¢eÕ e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
M.†mÖvZ _vKv Ae¯’vq †mÖv‡Zi mv‡_ 30 †Kv‡Y 3 kmh1
†e‡M mvZvi †K‡U b`xi Aci Zx‡i †cuŠQv‡Z jvweeÕi KZ
mgq jvM‡e? 3
N. Ô†e‡Mi gvb cwieZ©b bv K‡i jvweev‡K †Kvb w`‡K
mvZvi KvU‡j Icv‡ii wVK wecixZ we›`y‡Z †cŠQv‡bv m¤
¢eÕ MvwYwZK we‡kølY Ki| 4
53 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
( †Wj () Acv‡iU‡ii mv‡_ ( Gi †¯‹jvi ¸Ydj‡K H †f±i †ÿ‡Îi
WvBfvi‡RÝ e‡j|
( †h mKj hš¿ ¯µ, bvU BZ¨vw` bxwZi Ici wfwË K‡i ˆZwi †m
mKj hš¿ GKUz cyiv‡bv n‡jB wcQU ÎæwU †`Lv hvq| ¯µz‡K
G‡KKevi G‡KK w`‡K Nywi‡q hš¿ e¨envi Ki‡j wcQU ÎæwU
†e‡o hvq, KviY G‡ÿ‡Î bv‡Ui MZ© eo n‡q †h‡Z cv‡i ev ¯µ ÿq
n‡q AvjMv n‡q †h‡Z cv‡i| GRb¨ cvV †bqvi mgq ¯µz‡K GKB
w`‡K Nywi‡q cvV wb‡j GB ÎæwUi nvZ †_‡K iÿv cvIqv hvq|
( †`Iqv Av‡Q,
b`xi cÖ¯’, d = 3 km
†mÖv‡Zi †eM, u = 2 kmh1
jvweevi †eM, v = 3 kmh1
ga¨eZx© †KvY,  = 30
b`x cvo n‡Z cÖ‡qvRbxq mgq t = ?
GLb, b`xi cÖ¯’ eivei jvweevi †e‡Mi Dcvsk n‡”Q v sin  hv
Zv‡K G cvo n‡Z Ab¨ cv‡o b`x cvo Ki‡Z wµqv K‡i|
AZGe, d = v sin  t [x = vt mg‡e‡M †ÿ‡Î]
 t = = = 2h = 120 min (Ans.)
(
R
d = 3km
v

u

†`qv Av‡Q, b`xi †mÖv‡Zi †eM u = 2 kmh1

jvweevi †eM v = 4 kmh1
b`xi cÖ¯’ d = 3 km
g‡b Kwi, †mvRvmywR Icv‡ii wVK wecixZ we›`y‡Z †cŠQv‡Z
Zv‡K †mÖv‡Zi mv‡_  †Kv‡Y muvZvi w`‡Z n‡e|
GLb, b`xi †mÖvZ eivei Dcvsk wb‡q cvB,
u cos 0 + v cos  = R cos 90
ev, u + v cos  = 0
ev, v cos  =  u
ev,  = cos1   = 120 (Ans.)
((( A = 2(  (  3( Ges B = 10( + P(  15( ci¯úi mgvšÍivj `ywU †f±i|
[AvwKR K‡jwR‡qU ¯‹zj, bvfviY, h‡kvi]
K. †f±i †hv‡Mi mvgvšÍwiK m~Î Kv‡K e‡j? 1
L. WvBfvi‡RÝ I Kv‡j©i g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ Av‡jvPbv Ki| 2
M.P Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 3
N. ( I ( †f±i `ywU wK KLb j¤^ n‡Z cvi‡e? MvwYwZK
we‡kølY K‡i †`LvI| 4
54 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
( †Kv‡bv mvgvšÍwi‡Ki GKB we›`y n‡Z Aw¼Z mwbœwnZ
evû `ywU hw` †Kv‡bv KYvi Dci GKB mg‡q wµqviZ `ywU
†f±i ivwki gvb I w`K wb‡`©k K‡i| Zvn‡j H we›`y n‡Z Aw¼Z
mvgvšÍwi‡Ki KY©B G‡`i jwäi gvb I w`K wb‡`©k K‡i|
( WvBfvi‡RÝ I Kv‡j©i g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ wbæiƒc :
i. WvBfvi‡RÝ Øviv GKK AvqZ‡b †Kvb †f±i †ÿ‡Îi †gvU
KZUzKz d¬v¯‹ †Kvb we›`y AwfgyLx ev we›`y †_‡K
AcmvwiZ n‡”Q Zv wb‡`©k K‡i|
Aciw`‡K GKwU †f±i †ÿ‡Î Aew¯’Z †Kvb we›`yi Pvicv‡k
GKwU †iLv mgvKj‡bi gvb GKK †ÿÎd‡j m‡e©v”P n‡j Zv‡K
D³ we›`y‡Z †f±i †ÿ‡Îi Kvj© e‡j|
ii. †Kvb †f±i †ÿ‡Îi WvBfvi‡RÝ Aek¨B †¯‹jvi †ÿÎ| Aciw`‡K,
†Kvb †f±i †ÿ‡Îi Kvj© Aek¨B †f±i †ÿÎ|
( †`Iqv Av‡Q, ( = 2(  (  3(
( = 10( + P(  15(
†f±i `yÕwU mgvšÍivj|
A_©vr †f±i؇qi ga¨eZx© †KvY  n‡j,  = 0
 (  ( = (AB sin ) ( = (AB sin 0) ( = 0.............(i)
GLb, (  ( =
= ( {(1)  (15)  (3)  P}  ( {2  (15)  (3)  10}
+ ( {2  P  (1)  10}
ev, (  ( = ( (15 + 3P)  ( (30 + 30) + ( (2P + 10)
ev, ( (15 + 3P)  0 + ( (2P + 10) = (  (
ev, ( (15 + 3P) + ( (2P + 10) = 0 [(i) n‡Z]
wKš‘ †Kvb †f±i k~‡b¨ n‡j Zvi Dcvsk¸‡jvI c„_K c„_K fv‡e k~b¨
nq|
( (15 + 3P) = 0
ev, 3P =  15  P =  5
A_ev, ( (2P + 10) = 0
ev, 2P =  10  P  5
 P =  5 (Ans.)
( GLv‡b, ( = 2(  (  3(
( = 10( + P(  15(
g‡b Kwi, †f±i؇qi ga¨eZx© †KvY 
†f±iØq j¤^ n‡j  = 90 n‡e|
 ( . ( = AB cos  = AB cos 90 = 0
ev, (2(  (  3() . (10( + P(  15() = 0
ev, 20  P + 45 = 0
ev, 20 + 45 = P
 P = 65 (Ans.)
A_©vr †f±iØq j¤^ n‡e hw` P = 65 nq|

((( wb‡Pi wP‡Î h_vµ‡g 200 N, 220 N Ges 250 N e‡j ¸Y Uvb‡Q|
30 45 60

250 N 220 N 200 N

[¸iæ`qvj miKvwi K‡jR, wK‡kviMÄ]

K. GKK †f±i Kv‡K e‡j? 1
L. cvwLi DÇq‡b †f±i wefvR‡bi f‚wgKv Av‡Q wK? e¨vL¨v Ki|
2
M.†bŠKvi MwZi w`‡K jwä e‡ji cwigvY KZ? 3
N. cÖhy³ †gvU e‡ji KZ kZvsk AKvh©Ki n‡”Q
MvwYwZKfv‡e we‡kølY Ki| 4
55 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
( wÎgvwÎK Kv‡Z©mxq ¯’vbv¼ e¨e¯’vq †h‡Kv‡bv w`‡K Ggb
GKwU †f±i i‡q‡Q hvi gvb GK, G‡K H w`K eivei GKK †f±i e‡j|
( cvwLi DÇq‡b †f±i wefvR‡bi †Kv‡bv f‚wgKv †bB, Z‡e †f±i
†hvR‡bi f‚wgKv i‡q‡Q| cvwL Zvi cÖwZwU Wvbv w`‡q evZv‡mi
Ici Zxh©Kfv‡e ej cÖ‡qvM K‡i| Z‡e cvwLwU Zxh©Kfv‡e bq, eis
m¤§yLw`‡K GwM‡q hvq| Gi KviY n‡jv evZvmI cÖwZwU Wvbvi
Ici Zxh©Kfv‡e (wecixZ w`‡K) cÖwZwµqv ej cÖ‡qvM K‡i| G
cÖwZwµqv ej؇qi jwäi w`‡K cvwLwU GwM‡q hvq| GwU †f±i
†hvR‡bi D`vniY|
( cÖhy³ ejÎq F1 = 200N, F2 = 220N, F3 = 250 N
ejÎq †bŠKvi w`‡Ki mv‡_ †KvY Drcbœ K‡i,
1 = 30; 2 = 45; 3 = 60
 †bŠKvi MwZi w`‡K jwä e‡ji cwigvY
= F1cos1 + F2cos2 + F3cos3
= 200N  cos30 + 220N  cos45 + 250N  cos60
= 453.8 N (Ans.)
( cÖhy³ ej wZbwUi cvwUMvwYwZK (Arithmatic)
†hvMdj = 200N + 220N + 250N = 670N
A_P, †bŠKvi MwZi w`‡K ejmg~‡ni Kvh©Ki Dcvsk = 453.8 N
ejmg~‡ni AKvh©Ki As‡ki cvwUMvwYwZK †hvMdj
= 670N – 453.8N = 216.2N
 cÖhy³ †gvU e‡ji †h cwigvY AKvh©Ki n‡”Q Zvi kZKiv
cwigvY =  100% = 32.3% = 32.3 kZvsk

(((
120
wP‡Îi †f±i wZbwU
O GKB Z‡j O we›`y‡Z
wµqvkxj|
120

[K·evRvi miKvwi K‡jR]

K. Ae¯’vb †f±i Kv‡K e‡j? 1
L. `yB Gi AwaK †f±‡ii jwä mvgvšÍwiK m~‡Îi mvnv‡h¨
wbY©q Kiv hvq wK? †Zvgvi Dˇii KviY e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
 M. (I (Gi gvb mgvb n‡j G `ywU †f±‡ii jwäi gvb wbY©q Ki|
3
N. hw` †f±i wZbwUi gvb ci¯úi mgvb nq, Z‡e G‡`i jwä
†f±‡ii mywbw`©ó †Kv‡bv w`K _vK‡e bv-Gi mZ¨Zv
hvPvB Ki| 4
56 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
( cÖm½ KvVv‡gvi g~j we›`yi mv‡c‡ÿ †Kvb we›`yi Ae¯’vb
†h †f±‡ii mvnv‡h¨ wbY©q Kiv nq Zv‡K Ae¯’vb †f±i e‡j|
( †Kvb we›`y‡Z `ywU †f±‡ii †ewk †f±i wµqvkxj n‡j `ywU
†f±‡ii jwäi mv‡_ Z…ZxqwUi jwä mvgvšÍwiK m~‡Îi mvnv‡h¨
wbY©q Kiv hvq| Avevi wZbwU †f±‡ii jwäi mv‡_ PZz_©
†f±‡ii jwä wbY©q Kiv hvq| Gfv‡e †h †Kvb msL¨K †f±i ivwki
jwä wbY©q Kiv m¤¢e Z‡e Zv mgqmv‡cÿ| mvaviYZ `yB Gi
†ewk †f±‡ii †ÿ‡Î cÖ‡Z¨KwU †f±i‡K ci¯úi j¤^ Dcvs‡k wef³ K‡i
c‡i jwä wbY©q Kiv nq|
( g‡bKwi, (I (†f±‡ii gvb P, ‡f±‡ii mvgvšÍwiK m~Î Abymv‡i
jwä n‡e,

120

jwäi gvb, R =
=
=
=
=
=P
A_©vr (I (†f±‡ii gvb mgvb n‡j †f±i؇qi jwäi gvb (I ( †f±‡ii
mgvb n‡e|
( g‡bKwi,
(,(I ( wZbwU †f±‡ii gvb P
(I (Gi jwä, (†f±‡ii mv‡_ 1 †KvY Drcbœ Ki‡j,

120

1
tan1 = O

ev, tan1 =
ev, tan1 =
ev, 1 = tan1
= 60
Avevi, R1 =
=
=P
GLb, (I (Gi jwä (n‡j G‡`i ga¨eZx© †KvY n‡e (60 + 120)= 180
R1
180
Zvn‡j jwä (Gi w`‡K  n‡j,
tan  =
==0
 jwä †f±‡ii mywbw`©ó †Kvb w`K _vK‡e bv|

((( (= 2^ ^+ ^, (= 2^ ^+ 3^, (= ^+ 2^+ ^

[MvRxcyi wmwU K‡jR]
K. Ae¯’vb †f±i Kx? 1
L. †f±i ¸Yb wewbgq m~Î †g‡b P‡jbv e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
M.(Ges (‡f±‡ii ga¨eZx© †KvY KZ n‡e? 3
N. †f±i wZbwU mgZjxq wKbv MvwYwZK we‡køl‡Yi
gva¨‡g gZvgZ `vI| 4
57 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
( cÖm½ KvVv‡gvi g~j we›`yi mv‡c‡ÿ †Kv‡bv we›`yi Ae¯’vb
†h †f±‡ii mvnv‡h¨ wb‡`©k Kiv nq Zv‡K H we›`yi Ae¯’vb
†f±i e‡j|
( g‡bKwi (Ges (†f±i؇qi ga¨Kvi †KvY  n‡j, ( (=  AB sin 
Avevi, (( = AB sin  =  AB sin  ^
A_©vr, ( ( Gi w`K hv n‡e ((Gi w`K n‡e wecix‡Z ZvB (
(Ges ((†f±i؇qi gvb mgvb n‡jI w`K n‡e ci¯úi wecixZ| G
Kvi‡Y ( ( ((
A_©vr †f±i ¸Yb wewbgq m~Î †g‡b P‡j bv|
( †`Iqv Av‡Q, (= 2^ ^+ ^
Ges, ( = 2^ ^+ 3^
†ei Ki‡Z n‡e, G‡`i ga¨eZx© †KvY,  = ?
Avgiv Rvwb, (. ( = AB cos
ev,  = cos1
= cos1
= cos1
= cos1 0.873
= 29.21 (Ans.)
( †f±i wZbwU mgZjxq wKbv Rvb‡Z n‡j †h †Kv‡bv `ywU
†f±‡ii µm ¸Yd‡ji mv‡_ Aci †f±‡ii WU¸Ydj Ki‡Z n‡e, hw`
WU¸Yd‡ji gvb k~b¨ nq Zvn‡j †f±iÎq mgZjxq Ges hw` k~b¨
bv nq Zvn‡j mgZjxq n‡e bv|
†`Iqv Av‡Q, (= 2^ ^+ ^, ( = 2^ ^+ 3^
Ges, ( = ^+ 2^+ ^
GLb, ( (=
=^ ^+ ^
= ^(  3 + 1)  ^( 6  2) + ^(  2 + 2)
=  2^ 4^
GLb . (= ( 2^ 4^).(^+ 2^+ ^)
=28
=  10
AZGe, . ( 0
myZivs, †f±i wZbwU mgZjxq bq|

((( GKwU b`x‡Z †mÖv‡Zi †eM 7kmh1 Ges gvwSi †eM 14kmh1|
[K¨v›Ub‡g›U K‡jR, h‡kvi]
K. AvqZ GKK †f±i Kv‡K e‡j? 1
 L. mylg `ªæwZ‡Z e„ËvKvi c‡_ †Kvb e¯‘ AveZ©b Ki‡j Gi
Z¡iY _v‡K †Kb? 2
M.†bŠKv b`xi AvovAvwo Pvjv‡j jwä‡e‡Mi gvb KZ n‡e?
3
N. †bŠKvq b`x AvovAvwo cvi n‡Z n‡j gvwS‡K Kx e¨e¯’v
MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e Zvi GKwU MvwYwZK we‡kølY Ki| 4
58 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
( wÎgvwÎK ¯’vbvsK e¨e¯’vq wZbwU abvZ¡K Aÿ eivei †h
wZbwU GKK †f±i we‡ePbv Kiv nq Zv‡K AvqZ GKK †f±i e‡j|
( Avgiv Rvwb, †e‡Mi cwieZ©b N‡U ïay Gi gvb ev w`K ev
Df‡qi cwieZ©‡bi Øviv| myZivs †Kv‡bv e¯‘i †e‡Mi gv‡bi
(`ªæwZ) cwieZ©b bv NU‡jI Gi w`‡Ki cwieZ©b NU‡j †e‡Mi
cwieZ©b N‡U| mylg `ªæwZ‡Z e„ËvKvi c‡_ AveZ©biZ e¯‘i
†e‡Mi gv‡bi cwieZ©b bv NU‡jI w`‡Ki cwieZ©b N‡U| †e‡Mi
cwieZ©b (() Ak~b¨ n‡j Z¡i‡Yi msÁvbymv‡i, Z¡i‡Yi Ak~b¨
gvb _v‡K| ZvB mylg `ªæwZ‡Z e„ËvKvi c‡_ †Kv‡bv e¯‘
AveZ©b Ki‡j Gi Z¡iY _v‡K|
( †`Iqv Av‡Q, †bŠKvi †eM, u = 14 kmh1
†mÖv‡Zi †eM, v = 7kmh1
†bŠKvwU b`xi AvovAvwo Pvjv‡j ( I (Gi ga¨Kvi †KvY,  = 90| †ei
Ki‡Z n‡e, jwä‡eM, w = ?
Avgiv Rvwb, w =
=
= 15.65 kmh1 Ans.
( †bŠKvq b`x AvovAvwo cvi n‡Z n‡j †mÖv‡Zi w`‡Ki mv‡_
(> 90) †Kv‡Y †bŠKvwU Pvjv‡Z n‡e|
G‡ÿ‡Î jwä‡eM ( Gi w`K n‡e b`xi cÖ¯’ eivei|

w

u


sin (  90) = = =
ev,   90 = sin1= 30
  = 90 + 30 = 120
myZivs †bŠKvq b`x AvovAvwo cvi n‡Z n‡j gvwS‡K †mÖv‡Zi
w`‡Ki mv‡_ 120 †Kv‡Y †bŠKv Pvjv‡Z n‡e|

((( DÏxc‡K X I Y we›`yØq `ywU Ae¯’vb wb‡`©k K‡i| O n‡”Q

g~j we›`y| Y( 2,1, 4) X(3,2, 1)

cw
øg cƒeÆ
O

`w
ÞY

[†cÖwm‡W›U cÖ‡dmi W. BqvRDwÏb Avn‡¤§` †iwm‡WwÝqvj

g‡Wj ¯‹zj GÛ K‡jR, gywÝMÄ]
K. †f±i wefvRb Kx? 1
 L. ¸YUvbvi d‡j †bŠKv mvg‡bi w`‡K wKfv‡e GwM‡q P‡j-
e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
[Link] I OY †f±i؇qi ga¨eZ©x †KvY wbY©q Ki| 3
N. OX I OY †f±iØq‡K mvgvšÍwi‡Ki `ywU KY© we‡ePbv
K‡i D³ mvgvšÍwi‡Ki †ÿÎdj wbY©q Ki| 4
59 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
( †f±i wefvRb n‡jv GKwU wbw`©ó †f±i‡K wewfbœ w`‡K
wµqviZ `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK †f±‡i Ggbfv‡e wewkøóKiY hv‡Z
Dcvsk †f±i¸‡jvi †hvMjwä g~j †f±‡ii mgvb nq|
( †bŠKvi ¸Y Uvbv ej‡Z eySvq b`xi cvo n‡Z `woi mvnv‡h¨
†bŠKv‡K mvg‡b †U‡b wb‡q hvIqv| cvo n‡Z ¸Y Uvbv n‡j Uvb
e‡ji Abyf‚wgK Dcvsk ev mvg‡bi w`‡Ki Dcvsk †bŠKv‡K
mvg‡bi w`‡K wb‡q hvq|
M

Tsin
C T T

Tcos A
B
†¯ªv‡Zi
†eM
wPÎ- ¸bUvbv
†bŠKv
aiv hvK, cvo n‡Z †bŠKvi B we›`y‡Z `wo †e‡a BM eivei T ej
Øviv †bŠKv‡K Uvbv n‡”Q| GB ¸YUvbv ej T Gi Abyf‚wgK Dcvsk
Tcos mvgv‡bi w`‡K Ges Djø¤^ Dcvsk Tsin Zx‡ii w`‡K KvR
K‡i| GLb Tcos †bŠKv‡K mvg‡b wb‡q hvq Ges Tsin †bŠKv‡K
cv‡oi w`‡K wb‡q †h‡Z Pvq| G Kvi‡Y gvwS b`xi †mÖvZ‡K
e¨envi K‡i ˆeVvi mvnv‡h¨ Tsin Gi wecixZ w`‡K ej cÖ‡qvM
K‡i G‡K cÖkwgZ Ki‡j Tcos †ewk Kvh©Ki nq Ges †bŠKv
mvg‡bi w`‡K hvq|
( cÖkœg‡Z, ((= 3^+ 2^ + ^
(( = 2^+ ^ + 4^
†ei Ki‡Z n‡e, ((I ((Gi ga¨Kvi †KvY,  = ?
Avgiv Rvwb, ((. ((= [Link]. cos
 cos  = =
= =0
  = cos10 = 90 (Ans.)
( ÔMÕ Ask n‡Z cvB, ((I (( Gi ga¨eZ©x †KvY  = 90
OX Gi ˆ`N©¨ =
= =
OY Gi ˆ`N©¨ = = =
(( I (( n‡jv mvgvšÍwi‡Ki `ywU KY©
 Gi †ÿÎdj = = OX. OY. sin
= sin 90 = 8.573 eM© GKK|
((( (= (6x y  z3)^ + 2x3^ 3xz2^ †f±i †ÿ·K wb‡`©k K‡i Ges
2

(Ae¯’vb †f±i‡K wb‡`©k K‡i|

[mvfvi K¨v›Ub‡g›U cvewjK ¯‹zj I K‡jR, XvKv]
K. †f±i wefvRb Kv‡K e‡j? 1
L. (.( Gi gvb †ei Ki| 2
M.(1, 1, 1) we›`y‡Z (Gi WvBfvi‡RÝ †ei Ki| 3
N. ej †ÿÎwUi cÖK…wZ MvwYwZKfv‡e e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
 60 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
( GKwU †f±i ivwk‡K `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK †f±i ivwk‡Z wef³ Kivi
c×wZ‡K †f±‡ii wefvRb e‡j|
( (Ae¯’vb †f±i‡K wb‡`©k K‡i| myZivs, (= x^+ y^+ z^
 (.(= . (x^ + y^+ z^)
= ++=1+1+1=3
( cÖ`Ë †ÿÎ †f±i, (= (6x2y  z3) ^+ 2x3^ 3xz2^Ges cÖ`Ë we›`y (1,
1, 1)
(Gi WvBfvi‡RÝ,
(.(= .
= (6x2y  z3) + (2x3) + (3xz2)
= 12xy  0 + 0  6xz = 12xy  6xz
 (1, 1, 1) we›`y‡Z WvBfvi‡RÝ = 12.1.(1)  6.1.1
= 12  6 =  18 (Ans.)
( cÖ`Ë ej †ÿÎwUi Kvj©,
( ( =
=^^
+^
= ^(0  0)  ^(3z2  0 + 3z2) + ^(6x2  6x2 + 0)
= 0. ^ + 0. ^+ 0. ^= (
myZivs ej †ÿÎwU AN~Y©bkxj|
((( GKwU †f±i †ÿ·K cÖKvk Kivi mgxKiY n‡jv (= (6x2y  z3)^+
2x3^ 3xz2^Ges †f±i wWdv‡iwÝqvj Acv‡iUi n‡jv (| [knx`
ˆmq` bRiæj Bmjvg K‡jR, gqgbwmsn]
K. Ae¯’vb †f±i Kv‡K e‡j? 1
L. GKK †f±‡ii w`K Ges gvb Kxfv‡e cvIqv hvq? 2
M.(3, 3,  2) we›`y‡Z div(wbY©q Ki| 3
N. cÖvß Ges m¤¢ve¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq MvwYwZK we‡kølY n‡Z
Ò†f±i †ÿÎwU AN~Y©bkxj wKš‘ mwjbqWvj bqÓ hvPvB
Ki| 4
61 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
( cÖm½ KvVv‡gvi g~jwe›`yi mv‡c‡ÿ Ab¨ †Kvb we›`yi
Ae¯’vb †h †f±‡ii mvnv‡h¨ wb‡`©k Kiv nq Zv‡K Ae¯’vb †f±i
e‡j|
( gvb k~b¨ bq Giæc †Kvb †f±i‡K Zvi gvb Øviv fvM Ki‡j GKK
†f±i cvIqv hvq Ges w`K nq D³ †f±‡ii w`‡K| ( GKwU †f±i n‡j
Ges |(|  0, (Gi w`K eivei GKK †f±i ^ =
( GLv‡b, ( = (6x2y  z3) ^+ 2x3^  3xz2^
div(= ((.()
=.

= (6x2y  z3) + (2x3)  (3xz2)

= 6y  2x + 0  3x  2z
= 12xy  6xz
(3, 3,  2) we›`y‡Z div( = 12  3  3  6  3  (2)
= 108 + 36 = 144 (Ans.)
( GLv‡b, (= (6x y  z3) ^ + 2x3^ 3xz2^
2

ÔMÕ Ask n‡Z cvB, div(= 12xy  6xz

 div( 0
 †f±i †ÿÎwU mwjbqWvj bq|
Avevi,
Curl (= ( (
=
=^
^
+^
= ^(0  0)  ^(3z2  0 + 3z2) + ^(6x2  6x2 + 0)
= 0.^  0.^ + 0.^
=0
Avevi, Curl(= 0 nIqvq †f±iwU AN~Y©bkxj|
myZivs, †f±iwU AN~Y©bkxj wKš‘ mwjbqWvj bq|
((( wP‡Î cÖevngvb b`xwUi cÖk¯ÍZv 1.5 km Ges †mÖv‡Zi †eM
4 kmh1| GKRb gvwS AB eivevi †bŠKv Pvjbv K‡i AC eivei Icv‡i
†cuŠQv‡jb| †bŠKvi †eM 3kmh1|
1.5 km

30 30
A

[wc‡ivRcyi miKvwi gwnjv K‡jR]

K. ZvrÿwYK Z¡iY Kv‡K e‡j? 1
L. ˆe`y¨wZK d¨v‡bi cvLv Nyi‡j d¨v‡bi bx‡P emv e¨w³i
Mv‡q evZvm jv‡M †Kb? 2
[Link] eivei †bŠKvi AwZµvšÍ `~iZ¡ wbY©q Ki| 3
N. AD eivei †bŠKv Pvwj‡q gvwS wK B we›`y‡Z †cuŠQv‡Z
cvi‡eb? MvwYwZK we‡kølY c~e©K †Zvgvi gZvgZ `vI|
4
62 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
( mgq e¨eavb k~‡b¨i KvQvKvwQ n‡j mg‡qi mv‡_ e¯‘i †e‡Mi
cwieZ©‡bi nvi‡K ZvrÿwYK Z¡iY e‡j|
( wb‡P ˆe`y¨wZK d¨v‡bi †h‡Kv‡bv GKwU cvLvi cÖ¯’‡”Q`
†`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q| d¨vb hLb Ny‡i ZLb cvLvwU Zxi wPwýZ c‡_
AMÖmi nq| ZLb cvLv msjMœ evZv‡mi Mv‡q GwU av°v
cÖ`vb K‡i| H evZvm ZLb m‡Rv‡i wb‡P †b‡g Avm‡Z eva¨
nq| G Kvi‡Y, ˆe`y¨wZK d¨v‡bi cvLv Nyi‡j d¨v‡bi wb‡P emv
e¨w³i Mv‡q evZvm jv‡M|

( †`Iqv Av‡Q,
†bŠKvi †eM, u = 3 kmh1
Ges †mÖv‡Zi †eM, v = 4kmh1
AB eivei ev b`xi cÖ¯’ eivei †bŠKv Pvjv‡j (I ( Gi ga¨Kvi †KvY,
 = 90
†ei Ki‡Z n‡e, jwä †eM, w = ?
Avgiv Rvwb, w =
= kmh1 = 5 kmh1
Gfv‡e b`xcvi n‡Z t cwigvY mgq jvM‡j, AB = 1.5 km = ut
Ges AC = wt
 = ev, AC = AB  = 1.5km 
 AC eivei †bŠKvi AwZµvšÍ `~iZ¡ = 2.5 km (Ans.)
( †bŠKvi †eM (3kmh1) †h‡nZz †mÖv‡Zi †eM (4kmh1) A‡cÿv Kg,
ZvB †h‡Kv‡bv w`‡K †bŠKv Pvwj‡qB †mvRvmywR Icv‡i
hvIqv gvwSi c‡ÿ m¤¢e n‡e bv| G msµvšÍ MvwYwZK
we‡kølY wbæiƒc:
AD eivei †bŠKv Pvjv‡j, ( I ( Gi ga¨Kvi †KvY,
 = 180  30 = 150 jwä‡eM, (Gi w`‡Ki mv‡_  †KvY Drcbœ Ki‡j
tan = = = 1.07
  = tan1 (1.07) = 46.94  90
myZivs, AD eivei †bŠKv Pvjv‡j †mÖv‡Zi w`‡Ki mv‡_ 46.94
†Kv‡Y †bŠKvwU AMÖmi n‡e, d‡j Zv AvovAvwofv‡e b`x cvi
n‡Z cvi‡e bv, d‡j gvwS B we›`y‡Z †cuŠQv‡Z cvi‡eb bv|
(((
= –3 + 2 –

=2+3–

[Be‡b ZvBwgqv ¯‹zj GÛ K‡jR, Kzwgjøv]

K. Acv‡iUi Kx? 1
L. WvBfvi‡R‡Ýi †fŠZ Zvrch© wjL? 2
M.( (wbY©q Ki| 3
N. cÖ`Ë †f±i؇qi jwä Zv‡`i ga¨eZ©x †Kvb  †K
mgwØLwÐZ K‡iMvwYwZKfv‡e cÖgvY Ki| 4
63 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
( †h MvwYwZK wµqv GKwU ivwk‡K Ab¨ ivwk‡Z iƒcvšÍwiZ
K‡i Zv‡K Acv‡iUi e‡j|
( WvBfvi‡RÝ †fŠZ Zvrch©:
i. WvBfvi‡RÝ GKwU †¯‹jvi ivwk hv Øviv GKK AvqZ‡b
†Kv‡bv †f±i †ÿ‡Îi †gvU KZUzKz d¬v· †Kv‡bv we›`y
AwfgyLx ev we›`y †_‡K AcmvwiZ n‡”Q Zv cÖKvk K‡i|
ii. †Kv‡bv †f±‡ii WvBfvi‡RÝ k~b¨ n‡j D³ †f±i‡K mwjbqWvj
e‡j|
( †`Iqv Av‡Q,
(= 2^ + 3^ ^
(=  3^+ 2^ ^
( (=
= (3 + 2) ^ ( 2  3) ^ + (4 + 9) ^
=  ^ + 5^ + 13^ (Ans.)
( g‡b Kwi, cÖ`Ë †f±i؇qi jwä R; (Gi mv‡_  †KvY Drcbœ K‡i|
= 3 + 2
R

 
= 2 + 3

†`Iqv Av‡Q,
( = 2^ + 3^ ^
( = 3^ + 2^ ^
 |(| = ev, A =
Avevi, |(| =  ev, B =
Avgiv Rvwb,
tan =
ev, tan =
ev, tan =
ev, tan =
ev, tan =
ev, tan = tan
=
myZivs, cÖ`Ë †f±i؇qi jwä Zv‡`i ga¨eZ©x †Kvb  †K
mgwØLwÐZ K‡i| (cÖgvwYZ)
((( b`xZxieZ©x GKwU †÷kb n‡Z mKvj 7.30 wgwb‡U
XvKvMvgx †Uªb Qvo‡e| b`xi Aci cv‡o †LqvNvU n‡Z GK †jvK
mKvj 7 NwUKvq †mÖv‡Zi mv‡_ 30 †Kv‡Y NÈvq 3km †e‡M
hvÎv K‡i †÷k‡b †cuŠQj| D‡jøL¨ b`xi cÖ¯’ 0.5 km Ges b`x‡Z
†mÖv‡Zi †eM NÈvq 1 km.[¯‹jvm©‡nvg, wm‡jU]
K. KvR-kw³ Dccv`¨wU wjL| 1
L. †K›`ªgyLx ej Øviv K…ZKvR k~b¨ nq †Kb? e¨vL¨v Ki|
2
M.DÏxc‡K ewY©Z †LqvNvU n‡Z †÷k‡bi `~iZ¡ wnmve Ki|
3
N. †jvKwU wK h_vmg‡q XvKvMvgx †UªbwU ai‡Z †c‡iwQj?
DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K MvwYwZKfv‡e we‡kølY Ki| 4
64 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
( KvR kw³ Dccv`¨ : Ò†Kvb e¯‘i Dci wµqviZ jwä ej KZ©©„K
K…ZKvR Zvi MwZkw³i cwieZ©‡bi mgvb|Ó
( Avgiv Rvwb,
KvR, W = F S cos
F = cÖhy³ ej
S = e¯‘i miY
 = F I S Gi ga¨eZ©x †KvY|
†Kvb e¯‘ hLb e„ËvKvi c‡_ N~Y©vqgvb _v‡K ZLb †K›`ªgyLx
ej F I miY S Gi ga¨eZ©x †KvY 90 nq|
G‡ÿ‡Î, W = F  S  cos90 = 0
GRb¨, †K›`ªgyLx ej Øviv K…ZKvR k~b¨ nq|
( GLv‡b, †mÖv‡Zi †eM, u = 1km/h
†jv‡Ki †eM, v = 3km/h
b`xi cÖ¯’, S = 0.5 km
 = 30 v sin 30
v = 3 kmh1
v cos 30

30
u = 1 kmh1

GLv‡b, †jv‡Ki †e‡Mi  sin DcvskwU b`x cvi n‡Z KvR K‡i|
GLv‡b, Kvh©Kix †eM v = vsin30 = km/h
= 1.5 km/h
S `~iZ¡ AwZµ‡g cÖ‡qvRbxq mgq, t = = h = h
Avevi, Abyf‚wgK eivei Kvh©Kix †eM, v = v cos 30 + 1
= (1 + 3 cos 30) km/h
= 3.6 km/h
 t = h mg‡q AwZµvšÍ Abyf‚wgK `~iZ¡, S = v  t
= (3.6  1/3) km
= 1.2 km
 †LqvNvU n‡Z †÷k‡bi `~iZ¡, S =
ev, S = km
 S = 1.3 km (Ans.)
( †jvKwUi hvÎvi ci n‡Z †Uªb Qvov ch©šÍ Aewkó mgq t = 30
min = 0.5 h
†jvKwUi Aci cv‡o †cuŠQv‡Z cÖ‡qvRbxq mgq t = h [M n‡Z]
 t < t
myZivs, †jvKwU †UªbwU ai‡Z †c‡iwQj|
(((

[mvgmyj nK Lvb ¯‹zj GÛ K‡jR, XvKv]

K. bvj †f±i Kx? 1
L. µm ¸Yb wewbgq m~Î †g‡b P‡j wK? e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
M.(Gi WvBfvi‡RÝ wbY©q Ki| 3
N. DÏxc‡Ki ( wU N~Y©bkxj wKbv e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
65 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
( †h †f±‡ii cv`we›`y Ges cÖvšÍwe›`y GKB Ae¯’v‡b d‡j
†f±iwUi gvb k~b¨ Ges Gi w`K mywbw`©ó bq, Zv‡K bvj †f±i
e‡j|
( (I (`ywU †f±‡ii aviYKvix Z‡ji j¤^w`‡K GKK †f±i (Ges
†f±i؇qi ga¨Kvi †KvY  n‡j, †f±i؇qi µm ¸Y‡bi †ÿ‡Î, ( (= AB
sin (Ges ( (= AB sin (() =  AB sin (
A_©vr ( ( Gi w`K †hw`‡K, ( ( Gi w`K Zv wecixZ w`‡K|
 ( ( =  ( ( ev, ( ( =  ( (
 ( ( ((
myZivs, †f±‡ii µm ¸Yb wewbgq m~Î †g‡b P‡j bv|
( †`Iqv Av‡Q, (= 6x2y ^ + 4x y2 ^+ 2x ^
 (Gi WvBfvi‡RÝ = (. (
=.
= (6x2y) + (4xy2) + (2x)
= 12xy + 8xy + 0
= 20xy (Ans.)
( DÏxc‡Ki (†f±iwU n‡jv,
( = x2y ^– 2x z^+ 2yz ^
Gi Kvj© = ( ( =
= ^ ^
+^
= ^(2z + 2x) – ^(0 – 0) + ^(–2z – x2)
= 2 (x + z) ^  ^ (2z + x2)
DÏxc‡Ki ( †f±iwU N~Y©bkxj n‡Z n‡j Gi Kvj© Ak~b¨ n‡Z
n‡e| Z‡e (-Gi Kv‡j© x, z ivwk¸‡jv _vKvq GUv ¯úó †h,
wÎgvwÎK ¯’vbvsK e¨e¯’vi mKj we›`y‡Z GwU N~Y©bkxj n‡e
bv|
†h mKj we›`yi Rb¨ x = 0 Ges z = 0, H mKj we›`y‡Z Gi Kvj©
k~b¨, ZvB H mKj we›`y‡Z ( †f±iwU AN~Y©bkxj| (x = 0, z = 0)
Øviv g~jZ GKwU mij‡iLv eySvq (Y Aÿ)| myZivs Y A‡ÿi Dci¯’
mKj we›`y‡Z (†f±iwU AN~Y©bkxj|
GQvov Y A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj †h †iLvwUi Ici¯’ †h‡Kv‡bv we›`yi x
¯’vbvsK 2 Ges z ¯’vbv¼ -2, †mwUi Ici¯’ mKj we›`y‡ZI
( †f±iwU AN~Y©bkxj (KviY x = 2, z = 2 n‡j x + z = 0 Ges 2z + x2
= 0)| G¸‡jv ev‡` wÎgvwÎK ¯’vbvsK e¨e¯’vq Ab¨ †h‡Kv‡bv
we›`y‡Z ( †f±iwU N~Y©bkxj|

((( wb‡Pi wP‡Î wØgvwÎK ¯’vbv¼ e¨e¯’vq PviwU e‡ji gvb I

w`K wb‡`©wkZ nj|

[AMÖYx ¯‹zj GÛ K‡jR, XvKv]

K. AvqZ GKK †f±i Kx? 1
L. GKwU ev·‡K iwki mvnv‡h¨ †U‡b †bIqvi †ÿ‡Î iwki ˆ`N©¨
†ewk n‡j Uvb‡Z myweav nq †Kb?2
M.(I (e‡ji jwäi gvb wbY©q Ki| 3
N. (, (, (I (ej¸‡jvi jwäi gvb wbY©q K‡i abvÍK X A‡ÿi mv‡_
jwäi Drcbœ †Kv‡Yi cwigvY wbY©q Ki|4
66 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
( wÎgvwÎK Kv‡Z©mxq ¯’vbvsK e¨e¯’vq X, Y I Z Aÿ eivei
wµqviZ GKK †f±i¸‡jv‡K AvqZ GKK †f±i e‡j|
( g‡b Kwi, †Kv‡bv ev·‡K †g‡Si Ici w`‡q †U‡b wb‡q hvIqvi †ÿ‡Î
Gi Ici iwk Øviv F gv‡bi ej cÖ‡qvM Kiv n‡”Q Ges GB ej
Abyf‚wg‡Ki mv‡_  †KvY Drcbœ K‡i| Zvn‡j ev·wU †U‡b wb‡q
hvIqvi †ÿ‡Î Kvh©Ki ej = cÖhy³ e‡ji Abyf‚wgK Dcvsk = F cos|
F


F cos 
jÿ¨ Kwi †h, wbw`©ó gv‡bi F Gi Rb¨ F cos †ewk n‡e hw`
cos Gi gvb †ewk nq ev  Gi gvb Kg nq, GwU m¤¢e hw` iwki
ˆ`N©¨ †ewk nq| GKvi‡YB, GKwU ev·‡K iwki mvnv‡h¨ †U‡b
†bIqvi †ÿ‡Î iwki ˆ`N©¨ †ewk n‡j Uvb‡Z myweav nq|
( g‡b Kwi, X I Y Aÿ eivei GKK †f±i h_vµ‡g ^ I ^
DÏxc‡K g‡Z, ( = 4^+ 3^, (=  3^+ 4^
†ei Ki‡Z n‡e, (I (e‡ji jwäi gvb, (= ?
Avgiv Rvwb, (= (+ (= 4^+ 3^ 3^+ 4^ = ^ + 7^
 jwäi gvb = |(| = = = 5 (Ans.)
( DÏxcK g‡Z, (= 4^+ 3^, (=  3^+ 4^,
(=  3^ 2^, (= 3^ 3^
 (, (, (I (ej¸‡jvi jwä,
(= (+ (+ (+ (= 4^+ 3^ 3^+ 4^ 3^ 2^+ 3^ 3^
= ^+ 2^= Rx^+ Ry^
 jwäi gvb = |(| = = =
abvÍK X A‡ÿi mv‡_ jwäi Drcbœ †KvY
 = tan–1 = tan–1 = 63.4
((( (I (wPÎvbymv‡i O we›`y‡Z wµqvkxj| |(| = 15 I |(| = 6|
†f±i؇qi †hvRb I we‡qvR‡bi d‡j jwä †f±i nq h_vµ‡g ((+ () I ((
().

[mwdDwÏb miKvi GKv‡Wgx GÛ K‡jR, MvRxcyi]

K. mvgvšÍwi‡Ki m~ÎwU wjL| 1
L. Kv‡j©i Zvrch© e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
M.DÏxc‡Ki Z_¨ n‡Z Ax I By Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 3
N. jwä †f±iØq abvÍK X-A‡ÿi mv‡_ mgvb †KvY Drcbœ Ki‡Z
cv‡i bv| MvwYwZK we‡køl‡Yi gva¨‡g mZ¨Zv wbiƒcb Ki|
4
67 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
( †Kv‡bv KYvi Dci GKB mgq wµqvkxj `ywU mgRvZxq
†f±i‡K hw` †Kv‡bv we›`y n‡Z Aw¼Z mvgvšÍwi‡Ki `ywU
mwbœwnZ evû Øviv wb‡`©k Kiv hvq, Z‡e H we›`y n‡Z
Aw¼Z mvgvšÍwi‡Ki KY©wU G‡`i jwä wb‡`©k Ki‡e|
( hw` †Kvb ¯’v‡bi GKwU GjvKvq cÖwZwU we›`y‡Z ((x, y, z) =
^vx + ^vy+ ^vz GKwU AšÍixKiY‡hvM¨ ivwk nq Zvn‡j (Gi Kvj© =
( (
†Kvb †f±i †ÿ‡Îi Kvj© GKwU †f±i ivwk| Gi gvb H †f±‡ii †ÿ‡Î
GKB †ÿÎd‡ji Dci m‡e©v”P †iLv †hvM‡Ri mgvb| †Kv‡bv †f±‡ii
Kvj© †_‡K Rvbv hvq †ÿÎwU N~Y©bkxj bv AN~Y©bkxj| hw`
†Kvb †f±‡ii Kv‡j©i gvb k~b¨ nq Z‡e GwU AN~Y©bkxj n‡e|
( †`Iqv Av‡Q, |(| = 15, |(| = 6
x A‡ÿi mv‡_ ( †f±iwU 1 = 30 †KvY Drcbœ K‡i
 Ax = |(|cos1 = 15  cos30 = 13
Avevi, y A‡ÿi mv‡_ ( †f±iwU 2 = 90 †KvY Drcbœ K‡i
 By = |(|cos2 = 6  cos90 = 0
 Ax = 13 Ges By = 0 (Ans.)
( DÏxc‡Ki wPÎvbymv‡i, ( = |(|cos30i + |(|sin30j
= 15cos30i + 15sin30j
= 13i + 7.5j
Ges ( = |(|cos180i + |(|sin180j
= 6  (1)i + 6  0j
=  6i
 ( + ( = 13i + 7.5j  6i = 7i + 7.5j
(( + () †f±iwU X A‡ÿi mv‡_ †KvY Drcbœ K‡i tan1
= 46.97
 47
(  ( = 13i + 7.5j + 6i = 19i + 7.5j
 ((  () †f±iwU X A‡ÿi mv‡_ †KvY Drcbœ K‡i = tan1
= 21.54
†h‡nZy 47  21.54
myZivs jwä †f±iØq X A‡ÿi mv‡_ mgvb †KvY Drcbœ Ki‡Z
cv‡i bv|
((( `ywU mgvšÍivj †f±i n‡jv (= 5^+ 2^+ 3^Ges = ( 15^+ m^+ 9^
[wgR©vcyi K¨v‡WU K‡jR, UvsMvBj]
K. Ae¯’vb †f±i Kx? 1
L. Øviv Kx wb‡`©wkZ nq? 2
M.m Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 3
N. cÖ`Ë †f±iØq wK KL‡bv ci¯úi j¤^ n‡Z cv‡i? G
m¤úwK©Z MvwYwZK we‡kølY Ki|4
68 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
( cÖm½ KvVv‡gvi g~j we›`yi mv‡c‡ÿ †Kv‡bv we›`yi Ae¯’vb
†h †f±‡ii mvnv‡h¨ wbY©q ev wb‡`©k Kiv nq Zv‡K Ae¯’vb
†f±i e‡j|
( Øviv ( †f±‡ii w`‡K GKK †f±i eySvq| KviY †Kv‡bv †f±i‡K
Zvi gvb Øviv fv‡M H †f±‡ii w`‡K GKK †f±i cvIqv hvq| Zvn‡j
Øviv ( †f±‡ii wecixZ w`‡K GKwU GKK †f±i eySvq|
( cÖ`Ë †f±iØq (= 5^+ 2^+ 3^Ges ( = 15^+ m^+ 9^
†h‡nZz †f±iØq ci¯úi mgvšÍivj, Zvn‡j (  ( = (
((=
=^ ^+^
= ^ (18  3m)  ^(45  45) + ^(5m  30)
 ^(18  3m) + ^(5m  30) = (
GLb mgxKiYwUi Dfqcÿ n‡Z ^ I ^ Gi mnM mgxK…Z K‡i cvB,
18  3m = 0 Ges 5m  30 = 0
ev, 3m = 18 ev, 5m = 30
ev, m = 6 ev, m = 6
 m = 6 (Ans.)
( cÖ`Ë †f±iØq ci¯úi j¤^ n‡Z cv‡i| †m‡ÿ‡Î †f±i؇qi WU ev
†¯‹jvi ¸Ydj k~b¨ n‡e|
A_©vr (. (= 0 n‡Z n‡e|
GLb, (. (= Ax Bx + Ay By + Az Bz = 0
ev, 5  15 + 2m + 3  9 = 0
ev, 75 + 2m + 27 = 0
ev, 2m =  75  27
 m =  =  51
myZivs m Gi gvb  51 n‡j †f±iØq ci¯úi j¤^ nIqv m¤¢e|

(((

mvdv weÁvb †gjvq hvw”Qj nuvUvi mgq †m f‚wg‡Z

wZh©Kfv‡e ej cÖ‡qvM K‡i| f‚wgI wZh©Kfv‡e wecixZgyLx
ej cÖ‡qvM K‡i, d‡j †m mvg‡bi w`‡K Pj‡Z cv‡i| †m jÿ¨ Kij †h,
†Kv‡Yi gvb Kgv‡j mvg‡bi w`‡K Zvi MwZ †e‡o hvq| mvdvi fi
40 kg.
[gvBj‡÷vb K‡jR, XvKv]
K. Kvj© Kx? 1
L. `ywU †f±i ci¯úi mgvšÍivj nIqvi kZ© Kx? e¨vL¨v Ki|
2
[Link] mgq mvdvi AvcvZ IRb wbY©q Ki| 3
 N. †Kv‡Yi gvb A‡a©K Ki‡j mvdvi Z¡i‡Yi Kxiƒc cwieZ©b
NU‡e? DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K MvwYwZK e¨vL¨v `vI| 4
69 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
( †Kv‡bv †f±i †ÿ‡Îi Kvj© GKwU †f±i ivwk hv H †ÿ‡Îi
N~Y©bkxjZv wb‡`©k K‡i|
( gvb k~b¨ bq Ggb `ywU †f±‡ii µm ¸Yb k~b¨ n‡j †f±iØq
ci¯úi mgvšÍivj nq|
e¨vL¨v: awi, (I (`ywU †f±i Ges ga¨eZ©x †KvY = 
GLb, ( ( = (
ev, ABsin ^= (
ev, sin  = 0 [A, B I ^  0]
ev, sin  = sin 0 Ges sin 180
ev,  = 0 Ges 180
 gvb k~b¨ bq Ggb `ywU †f±‡ii µm ¸Ydj k~b¨ n‡j †f±iØq
ci¯úi mgvšÍivj n‡e|
( GLv‡b, mvdvi fi, m = 40 kg
cÖwZwµqv ej, F = 10N
ga¨eZ©x †KvY,  = 30
Ges AwfKl©R Z¡iY, g = 9.8 ms–2
mvdvi cÖK…Z IRb W = mg
 cÖwZwµqv e‡ji Dj¤^ Dcvsk = F sin = 10 sin 30
 mvdvi AvcvZ IRb = W  Fsin = mg  10sin30
= 40  9.8 10 sin 30
= 387 N Ans.
(
cÖ_g †ÿ‡Î, GLv‡b,
cÖwZwµqv e‡ji 1g †ÿ‡Î, 1 = 30
Avbyf‚wgK 2q †ÿ‡Î, 2 = 15
Dcvsk = Fcos1 cÖwZwµqv ej, F =
= 10cos30 10N
= 8.66N mvdvi fi, m = 40 kg
 ma = 8.66
ev, a =
ev, a =
 a = 0.2165 ms–2
2q †ÿ‡Î,
cÖwZwµqv e‡ji Avbyf‚wgK Dcvsk = Fcos2 = 10cos15 =9.65925
ma = 9.65925
 a = = 0.2414
†h‡nZz a > a
 Z¡iY e„w× cvq = (0.2414  0.2165) = 0.02498ms–2 (Ans.)

((( GKRb †jvK †mÖvZnxb Ae¯’vq 100 m cÖk¯Í GKwU b`x 4

wgwb‡U †mvRvmywR muvZwi‡q cvo n‡Z cv‡i| wKš‘ †mÖvZ
_vK‡j †m GKB c‡_ 5 wgwb‡U G‡K AwZµg Ki‡Z cv‡i|
[wewmAvBwm K‡jR, XvKv]
K. j¤^ Dcvsk Kv‡K e‡j? 1
L. me©vwaK D”PZvq cÖv‡mi †eM k~b¨ nq wK? e¨vL¨v
Ki| 2
M.b`xi †mÖv‡Zi †eM KZ? 3
 N. †jvKwU †mÖv‡Zi mv‡_ 60 †Kv‡Y muvZvi KvU‡j Aci
cv‡oi †Kv_vq †cuŠQv‡e? 4
70 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
( GKwU †f±i ivwk‡K hw` Ggbfv‡e `ywU Dcvs‡k wef³ Kiv nq
†h, Dcvsk `ywU ci¯úi mg‡Kv‡Y _v‡K, Z‡e Zv‡`i‡K j¤^ Dcvsk
e‡j|
( me©vwaK D”PZvq cÖv‡mi †eM b~¨bZg nq, Z‡e k~b¨ nq
bv| Avgiv Rvwb, cÖv‡mi ZvrÿwYK †e‡Mi `ywU Dcvsk _v‡K-
Abyf‚wgK Dcvsk I Djø¤^ Dcvsk| Abyf‚wgK eivei AwfKl©R
Z¡i‡Yi Dcvsk k~b¨ nIqvq cÖv‡mi †e‡Mi Abyf‚wgK Dcvs‡ki
cwieZ©b N‡U bv| wKš‘ Djø‡¤^i Dcvs‡ki µgvMZ cwieZ©b
N‡U| †h †Kv‡bv gyn~‡Z© ZvrÿwYK †e‡Mi gvb, v = | m‡e©v”P
D”PZvq vy = 0 nq, Zvn‡j H Ae¯’v‡b v = = vx, hv cÖv‡mi †e‡Mi
me©wbæ gvb|
( cÖkœg‡Z, mvZviæi †eM, u = =
= 0.4167 ms–1 b`x‡Z †mÖvZ _vKv Ae¯’vq †mvRvmywR cvi
nIqvi †ÿ‡Î, jwä †eM, w = = = 0.333ms–1

v
 
u w

†ei Ki‡Z n‡e, b`xi †mÖv‡Zi †eM, v = ? wP‡Î †`Lv‡bv wÎfzRwU

mg‡KvYx nIqvq, u2 = v2 + w2
ev, v2 = u2  w2
v= =
= 0.2505 ms–1 (Ans.)
(

60

†jvKwU †mÖv‡Zi w`‡Ki mv‡_  = 60 †Kv‡Y muvZvi KvU‡j

b`xi †mªvZ eivei jwä †e‡Mi Dcvsk = v cos0 + u cos 60
= 0.2505 ms–1  1 + 0.4167ms–1  = 0.45885 ms–1 Ges b`xi cÖ¯’
eivei jwä †e‡Mi Dcvsk = v sin0 + u sin 60
= 0 + 0. 4167 ms–1  = 0.3609 ms–1
G‡ÿ‡Î b`x cvi n‡Z mgq jvM‡e,
t = = = 277.09 sec
GB mgqKv‡j †mÖvZ eivei ev cvo eivei †jvKwU KZ…©K
AwZµvšÍ `~iZ¡, x = †mÖvZ eivei jwä‡e‡Mi Dcvsk  t
= 0.45885 ms–1  277.09 sec = 127.1m
myZivs †jvKwU †mÖv‡Zi mv‡_ 60 †Kv‡Y mvZvi KvU‡j Aci
cvo n‡Z 127.1m `~i‡Z¡ †cuŠQv‡e|
((( GKwU b`x‡Z †mÖv‡Zi †eM 8 m/s| 10 m/s †e‡M GKwU
†bŠKv Pj‡Q| †bŠKvwU b`xwU‡K †mvRvmywR cvwo w`j|
b`xwUi cÖ¯’ 200 m|[[Link] K‡jR, wm‡jU]
 K. mwjb‡qWvj Kv‡K e‡j? 1
L. e¨eKjbxq Acv‡iUi Ges †f±i Acv‡iUi wK GKB? e¨vL¨v Ki|
2
M.†mvRvmywR b`xwU‡K cvwo w`‡Z KZ mgq jvM‡e?
3
N. †bŠKvwU hw` †mÖv‡Zi mv‡_ 140 †Kv‡Y Pvjbv Kiv nq|
Zvn‡j †bŠKvwU †mvRvmywR cvi n‡Z cvi‡e wKbv
DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K Gi mZ¨Zv hvPvB Ki| 4
71 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
( hw` †Kv‡bv †f±‡ii WvBfvi‡RÝ k~b¨ nq, Z‡e Zv‡K
mwjb‡qWvj e‡j|
( e¨eKjbxq Acv‡iUi I †f±i Acv‡iUi GKB| Z‡e e¨eKjbxq
Acv‡iUi Gi †ÿ‡Î ^, ^I ^Gi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv †bB| wKš‘ †f±i Acv‡iUi
G Aek¨B ^, ^I ^_vK‡e|
†hgb, †f±i Acv‡iUi, (= ^ + ^+ ^
GLv‡b, , Ges cÖ‡Z¨‡KB e¨eKjbxq Acv‡iUi|
AZGe, wÎgvwÎK ¯’vbvsK e¨e¯’vq wZbwU abvÍK Aÿ eivei
wZbwU e¨eKjbxq Acv‡iUi wb‡j GKwU †f±i Acv‡iUi MwVZ
nq|
( †`Iqv Av‡Q, †mÖv‡Zi †eM, u = 8m/s
†bŠKvi †eM, v = 10m/s
b`xi cÖ¯’, d = 200m
b`x cvwo w`‡Z mgq, t = ?
†bŠKvwU b`xwU‡K †mvRvmywR cvwo †`q e‡j, †bŠKvi jwä
†eM I †mÖv‡Zi †e‡Mi ga¨eZ©x †KvY,  = 90
 †bŠKvi †eM I †mÖv‡Zi †e‡Mi ga¨eZ©x †KvY  n‡j,
w

GLb ( eivei jwä †f±i ( Gi Dcvsk

wcos90 = ucos0 + vcos
ev, 0 = u + vcos
 cos =  = 
ev,  = cos1 = 143.13
 †bŠKvi jwä †eM w n‡j,
w=
=
= 6ms–1
Avevi, b`xi cÖ¯’ = jwä †eM  mgq
ev, d = w  t
 t = = = 33.33s.
 †mvRvmywR b`xwU cvwo w`‡Z 33.33s mgq jvM‡e|
( †`Iqv Av‡Q, †mÖv‡Zi mv‡_ †bŠKvi †e‡Mi †KvY,  = 140
Avgiv Rvwb, tan  =
ev, tan =
 ev, tan =
ev,  = tan–1 (18.93)
  = 86.97 < 90
AZGe, †bŠKvwU †mÖv‡Zi mv‡_ 140 †Kv‡Y Pvjbv Kiv n‡j
†bŠKvwU †mvRvmywR b`x cvo n‡Z cvi‡e bv|

(((
= 3+ 2

= 3+ 2

[we G Gd kvnxb K‡jR, PÆMÖvg]

K. †f±‡ii WU ¸Yb Kx? 1
L. `ywU †f±i ci¯úi mgvšÍivj nIqvi kZ© Kx? 2
M.( (wbY©q Ki| 3
N. †`LvI †h †f±i؇qi jwä Zv‡`i ga¨eZ©x †KvY‡K
mgwØLwÛZ K‡i| 4
72 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
( `ywU †f±‡ii †h ¸Y‡bi d‡j GKwU †¯‹jvi ivwk cvIqv hvq Zv‡K
†f±‡ii WU ¸Yb e‡j|
( (I ( `ywU †f±i ci¯úi mgvšÍivj n‡j G‡`i ga¨Kvi †KvY  = 0
A_ev 180
†m‡ÿ‡Î, G‡`i µm ¸Ydj = ( (= AB sin  ^
= AB sin0^ A_ev AB sin 180^ = (
myZivs, `ywU †f±i ci¯úi mgvšÍivj nIqvi kZ© n‡jv, G‡`i µm
ev †f±i ¸Ydj k~b¨ n‡Z n‡e|
( †`Iqv Av‡Q, (= 2^+ 3 ^ ^Ges (= 3^+ 2^ ^
†ei Ki‡Z n‡e, ( (= ?
Avgiv Rvwb, ( (=
=^^+^
= ^ (3 + 2)  ^( 2 + 3) + ^ (4  9)
=  ^ ^ 5^(Ans.)
( DÏxcK g‡Z, ( †f±‡ii gvb,
A= = =
Ges ( †f±‡ii gvb, B = = =
Z`ycwi, (I ( †f±i؇qi ga¨Kvi †KvY = 
myZivs (I (†f±i؇qi jwä, (-Gi mv‡_  †KvY Drcbœ Ki‡j,
Avgiv Rvwb, tan =
=
=
= = = tan
=
 (I (†f±i؇qi jwä (†f±‡ii mv‡_ †KvY Drcbœ K‡i; myZivs jwä
Ges (†f±‡ii ga¨Kvi †KvY =   = .
A_©vr, D³ jwä (I ( Dfq †f±‡ii mv‡_ mgvb †KvY Drcbœ K‡i|
AZGe, DÏxc‡K cÖ`Ë †f±i؇qi jwä Zv‡`i ga¨eZ©x †KvY‡K
mgwØLwšÍZ K‡i|

(((
 [evsjv‡`k †bŠevwnbx ¯‹zj GÛ K‡jR, Lyjbv]
K. WvBfvi‡RÝ Kx? 1
L. ^ ^ †Kb bvj †f±i- e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
M.DÏxc‡Ki mvgšÍwi‡Ki D”PZv wbY©q Kiv m¤¢e Kxbv
MvwYwZKfv‡e e¨vL¨v Ki| 3
N. Ô†f±i؇qi jwäi m‡e©v”P I me©wbæ gv‡bi cv_©K¨ †h
†Kvb GKwU †f±‡ii gv‡bi wظYÕ-DÏxc‡Ki Z_¨g‡Z Dw³wU
e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
73 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
( †f±i dvskb ev †ÿ‡Îi WvBfvi‡RÝ GKwU †¯‹jvi dvskb ev †ÿÎ,
hv Øviv †f±i †ÿ‡Îi †Kv‡bv we›`y‡Z d¬v‡·i cÖK…wZ
(ewn/AšÍ) Rvbv hvq|
( (I (†f±iØq †h mvaviY Z‡j Aew¯’Z, ( (Gi w`K Zvi j¤^ w`‡K|
^, ^†f±iØq GKB mij‡iLvq Ae¯’vb Kivq Ges GKB w`K wb‡`©k
Kivq G‡`i aviYKvix mvaviY Zj Luy‡R cvIqv m¤¢e bq Ges ^
^ Gi gvb k~b¨ ZvB j¤^ †f±‡ii w`KI wb‡`©k Kiv m¤¢e bq|
myZivs ^ ^Øviv Ggb GKwU †f±i wb‡`©wkZ nq hvi †Kv‡bv
wbw`©ó gvb †bB Ges w`K †bB, Giƒc †f±i †Kej GKwUB
Av‡Q, †mwU n‡jv bvj †f±i| GKvi‡YB ^ ^Øviv bvj †f±i
eySvq|
( †`Iqv Av‡Q, (= ^ + 4 ^+ 3 ^, (= 2^+ 2 ^+ ^
(I (Gi ga¨Kvi †KvY  n‡j,
( (= PQ sin  ^ ev, | ( (| = PQ sin
 h = Q sin  =
GLb, P = =
Ges ( (= = ^  ^ + ^
=  2^+ 5^ 6 ^
 |( (| = =
h= = =
myZivs DÏxc‡Ki mvgvšÍwi‡Ki D”PZv wbY©q Kiv m¤¢e|
( g‡b Kwi, (I (mgRvZxq †f±iØq ci¯úi  †Kv‡Y wµqviZ| G‡`i
jwä, R =
P, Q aªyegv‡bi nIqvq R = m‡e©v”P = Rmax n‡e hw` cos = 1
ev,  = 0 nq|
 Rmax = = = P + Q
R = me©wbæ = Rmin n‡e hw` cos = 1 ev  = 180 nq
Rmin = = = P  Q
[P = , Q = 3, myZivs P > Q]
 †f±i؇qi jwä m‡e©v”P I me©wbægv‡bi cv_©K¨
= (P + Q)  (P  Q) = 2Q
myZivs DÏxc‡Ki †f±i؇qi jwäi m‡e©v”P I me©wbæ gv‡bi
cv_©K¨ †h‡Kv‡bv GKwU †f±‡ii (Q) gv‡bi wظY|

((( wb‡Pi wP‡Î ivûj I iæ‡ej `yÕRb gvwS w¯’i cvwb‡Z 500kg
f‡ii GKwU w¯’i †bŠKv‡K b`xi `yÕZxi †_‡K `wo w`‡q 30
†Kv‡Y (e‡j Uvb‡Q| †bŠKvwU 5 wgwb‡U Zx‡ii mgvšÍiv‡j 3.6km
c_ AwZµg K‡i| ivûj iæ‡ej‡K e‡j Òmgvb Uv‡b G `~iZ¡ 5
wgwb‡Ui Kg mg‡q †cuŠQv m¤¢e|Ó [†bŠKvi Zj I cvwbi Nl©Y
ej D‡cÿbxq]

[†gvnv¤§`cyi g‡Wj ¯‹zj GÛ K‡jR, XvKv]

K. †f±i Acv‡iUi Kx? 1
L. †Kv‡bv cÖv‡mi m‡e©v”P D”PZvq Dj¤^ eivei †eM
k~b¨ †Kb? 2
M.DÏxc‡K (Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 3
N. DÏxc‡K ivû‡ji e³e¨ mwVK wKbv-MvwYwZK we‡kølY Ki
gZvgZ `vI| 4
74 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
( †h MvwYwZK wP‡ýi Øviv GKwU †f±i ivwk‡K Ab¨ GKwU
†f±i ev †¯‹jvi ivwk‡Z iæcvšÍi Kiv hvq ev †Kv‡bv
cwieZ©bkxj †f±i ivwki e¨vL¨v †`Iqv hvq Zv‡K †f±i Acv‡iUi
e‡j|
( †Kv‡bv cÖv‡mi Ici GKwU gvÎ Z¡iY wµqvkxj _v‡K, †mwU
Djø¤^ eivei wb‡Pi w`‡K  AwfKl©R Z¡iY| Abyf‚wgK eivei
AwfKl©R Z¡i‡Yi Dcvsk k~b¨| ZvB cÖv‡mi Abyf‚wgK †eM
cwiewZ©Z nq bv, †Kej Djø¤^ †eM cwiewZ©Z nq|
wePiYKv‡ji A‡a©K mgqKvj ch©šÍ cÖv‡mi Djø¤^ MwZ‡eM
µgk n«vm cvq, m‡e©v”P D”PZvq Djø¤^ MwZ‡eM k~b¨
gv‡b DcbxZ n‡Z eva¨ nq Ges AZtci wb‡Pi w`‡K wµqviZ
Djø¤^ †e‡Mi gvb µgk e„w× cvq| Djø¤^ Dc‡ii w`‡K †eM‡K
abvÍK ai‡j wb‡Pi w`‡K wµqviZ †eM FYvÍK| †h‡nZz Djø¤^
†eM mylg nv‡i cwiewZ©Z nq, ZvB abvÍK †eM I FYvÍK †e‡Mi
ms‡hvM¯’‡j GK gyn~‡Z©i Rb¨ †eM k~b¨ gv‡b DcbxZ n‡Z
eva¨ nq, †mwU n‡jv m‡e©v”P D”PZvi Ae¯’v‡b|
( GLv‡b, †bŠKvi Avw`‡eM, vo = 0 ms–1
mgqKvj, t = 5 min = 5  60 sec = 300 sec
miY, S = 3.6km = 3600m
†bŠKvi fi, m = 500 kg
F gv‡bi ej؇qi ga¨Kvi †KvY, , = 30 + 30 = 60
†ei Ki‡Z n‡e, F = ?
†bŠKvi Z¡iY a n‡j, S = vot + at2 = 0.t + at2
 a = = = 0.08ms–2
 jwä ej, R = ma = 500 kg  0.08ms–2 = 40N
Avgiv Rvwb, R2 = F2 + F2 + 2F.F cos
ev, (40N)2 = 2F2 + 2F2 cos60 ev, 2F2 (1 + cos 60) = 1600 N2
 F2 = = 533.33N2
 F = = 23.1N (Ans.)
( mgvb Uv‡b (F = 23.1N) D³ `~iZ¡ (3.6km) 5 wgwb‡Ui Kg mg‡q
†cuŠQv m¤¢e| †m‡ÿ‡Î iwk؇qi ˆ`N©¨ evov‡Z n‡e hv‡Z
cÖhy³ Uvb؇qi ga¨Kvi †KvY 60 A‡cÿv Kg nq|
awi, Gevi  = 55
Zvn‡j F = 23.1N Gi Rb¨ jwaŸ ej, R =
= =F
= 23.1N  = 40.98N
 †bŠKvq Z¡iY, a = = 0.082ms–2
G‡ÿ‡Î S = 3600m `~iZ¡ AwZµ‡g t cwigv‡Y mgq jvM‡j, S = vot +
at2 = 0.t + at2 = at2
ev, t2 =
t= =
= 296.3 sec = 4 min 56.3 sec < 5 min
myZivs, mgvb Uv‡b D³ `~iZ¡ 5 wgwb‡Ui Kg mg‡q †cuŠ‡Q
m¤¢e| A_©vr, DÏxc‡K ivû‡ji e³e¨ mwVK|
((( mvwenv GKw`b kwcsg‡j evRvi Kivi mgq Uªwj Mvwo
e¨envi Kij| †m Uªwj Mvwoi †n‡ÛjwU‡Z Djø‡¤^i mv‡_ 30
†Kv‡Y 10N ej cÖ‡qvM K‡i MvwowU‡K †Vj‡Z _v‡K| GB †`‡L
†`vKvb`vi ejj, Avcwb Mvwoi †n‡Ûj a‡i Uv‡bb, Zvn‡j Kg ej
jvM‡e|
[B¯únvbx evwjKv we`¨vjq I gnvwe`¨vjq]
K. jwä †f±i Kx? 1
L. AwfKl©R ej AmsiÿYkxj ej bq-e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
M.Uªwji MwZ m„wóKvix ej KZ? 3
N. †`vKvb`vi mvwenv‡K Uªwji †n‡Ûj a‡i mvg‡b Uvb‡Z ejj
†Kb hyw³mn MvwYwZK e¨vL¨v `vI| 4
75 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
( †Kv‡bv e¯‘KYvi Ici hyMcr GKvwaK mgRvZxq †f±i wµqv
Ki‡j H †f±i¸‡jvi †f±i †hvMdj‡K G‡`i jwä e‡j|
( AwfKl© e‡ji †ÿ‡Î (field) †Kv‡bv e¯‘‡K †h‡Kv‡bv c‡_ Nywi‡q
cybivq Avw` Ae¯’vq Avbv n‡j AwfKl© ej Øviv K…ZKvR
k~b¨| Z`ycwi, AwfKl© ej Øviv K…ZKvR ev¯Íe MwZc‡_i Ici
wbf©i K‡i bv| †Kej Avw` I PzovšÍ Ae¯’v‡bi Ici wbf©i K‡i|
AwfKl© e‡ji †ÿÎ kw³i AcPqg~jK cÖfve n‡Z gz³| G mKj
ˆewkó¨ g~jZ msiÿYkxj e‡ji ˆewkó¨| GKvi‡Y AwfKl©R ej
AmsiÿYkxj ej bq|
( †`Iqv Av‡Q, cÖhy³ ej, F = 10N
Djø‡¤^i mv‡_ †KvY = 30
 Abyf‚wg‡Ki mv‡_ †KvY  = 90  30 = 60
†ei Ki‡Z n‡e, Uªwji MwZ m„wóKvix ej = cÖhy³ e‡ji Abyf‚wgK
Dcvsk, FH = ?
Avgiv Rvwb, FH = F cos  = 10N  cos 60 = 5N
 Uªwji MwZ m„wóKvix e‡ji gvb 5N.
( †`vKvb`vi mvwenv‡K Uªwji †n‡Ûj a‡i mvg‡b †_‡K Uvb‡Z
ej‡jb| KviY iv¯Ív w`‡q Uªwj Mvwo †Vjvi †_‡K Uvbv mnR Z‡e
mvwenv hLb Djø‡¤^i mv‡_ 30 †Kv‡Y †VjwQ‡jb ZLb Uªwji
MwZ m„wóKvix ej = 5N (M n‡Z cÖvß)
Avevi, e‡ji Djø¤^ Dcvsk = Fcos30 (wb‡Pi w`‡K)

30

F Fsin30
30

W+Fcos30
A_©vr Uªwji AvcvZ IRb †e‡o nq,
W + Fcos30 = W + 8.66N
G Kvi‡Y Uªwj‡K fvix g‡b nq Ges Gi IR‡bi †P‡q 8.66N †ekx
g‡b nq Ges A‡bK ej AcPq nq|
Fcos30
F
30
Fsin30

W
Avevi, mvwenv hw` UªwjwU‡K Djø‡¤^i mv‡_ 30 †Kv‡Y
Uv‡b Zvn‡j ejwUi Abyf‚wgK Dcvsk = Fsin30 (mvg‡bi w`‡K)
= 10  = 5N
Ges Djø¤^ Dcvsk = Fcos30 (Dc‡ii w`‡K)
= 10  = 8.66N
A_©vr Uªwji AvcvZ IRb K‡g hvq Ges nvjKv g‡b nq Ges Gi
gvb = W  8.66 N
G Kvi‡Y UªwjwU‡K Uvb‡Z Kó Kg nq Ges e‡ji AcPq Kg nq|
A_©vr Nl©Y c~‡e©i Zzjbvq A‡bK K‡g hvq| G Kvi‡Y
†`vKvb`vi mvwenv‡K Uªwji †n‡Ûj a‡i Uvb‡Z ej‡jb|
((( wP‡Î `ywU †f±i (= 9^+ ^ 6^Ges (= 4 ^  6^+ 5^,  †Kv‡Y
Ae¯’vb Ki‡Q|

B


A

[w` evW&m †iwm‡Wbwmqvj g‡Wj ¯‹zj GÛ K‡jR,

†gŠjfxevRvi]
K. exU wK? 1
L. Pjgvb Ae¯’vq Mvwoi PvKvi Pvc e„w× cvq †Kb? 2
M.†`LvI †h (I (ci¯úi j¤^| 3
N. (I ( †f±iØq Øviv MwVZ mvgvšÍwi‡Ki KY©Øq Øviv
mvgvšÍwi‡Ki †ÿÎdj wbY©q Kiv hv‡e MvwYwZKfv‡e
cÖ‡qvRbxq mgxKiY cÖwZôv K‡i Gi mZ¨Zv hvPvB Ki|
4
76 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
( GKB ai‡bi Ges cÖvq mgvb K¤úv‡¼i `ywU kã Zi‡½i Dcwi
cvZ‡bi d‡j k‡ãi ZxeªZvi †h ch©vqµwgK n«vm-e„w× nq
Zv‡K exU e‡j|
( Pjgvb Ae¯’vq Mvwoi MwZkw³i AwZ mvgvb¨ Ask Zvckw³iƒ‡c
PvKvi †fZ‡ii evZv‡m cÖ‡ek K‡i, GQvov PvKv I iv¯Ívi gv‡S
Nl©‡Y Drcbœ Zv‡ci wKq`sk PvKvi †fZ‡i cÖ‡ek K‡i| G‡Z PvKvi
†fZ‡ii evqyi ZvcgvÎv e„w× cvq, wKš‘ PvKvi MV‡bi `„pZvi Rb¨
D³ evqy AvqZ‡b evo‡Z cv‡i bv| ZvB †i‡bvi m~Î ev Pv‡ci
m~Îvbymv‡i (aªæe AvqZ‡b) M¨v‡mi Pvc, cig ZvcgvÎvi
mgvbycvwZK nv‡i evo‡Z _v‡K| GKvi‡YB Pjgvb Ae¯’vq Mvwoi
PvKvi Pvc e„w× cvq|
( †`Iqv Av‡Q, (= 9^+ ^ 6^, (= 4^– 6^+ 5^Giv ci¯úi  †Kv‡Y wµqv
Ki‡Q|
GLv‡b, (. ( = 9  4 + 1  (6) + (6)  5 = 36  6  30 = 0
wKš‘ (. ( = AB cos
 AB cos = 0
ev, cos = 0 [ AB  0]
  = cos–1 0 = 90
myZivs, (I (ci¯úi j¤^
( Ic‡iv³ mvgvšÍwi‡Ki KY©Øq ( I (Øviv cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q|
mvgvšÍwiKwUi †ÿÎdj wbY©q Ki‡Z n‡e| mvgvšÍwiKwU PQRS
Ges KY©Ø‡qi †Q`we›`y O| KY©Ø‡qi ga¨Kvi †KvY,  = 90
R¨vwgwZK c×wZi mvnv‡h¨ †`Lv‡bv m¤¢e †h, - †ÿÎ POQ =
  †ÿÎ QOR =   †ÿÎ SOR =  †ÿÎ POS GLb, - †ÿÎ QOR = 
f‚wg  D”PZv =  O Q  O R

P
Q

O
=90
H

S R

=   sin 90 = |(|  |(| sin

= |( (|
 mvgvšÍwi‡Ki †ÿÎdj = 4  - †ÿÎ Q O R
= 4  |( (| = |(  (|
myZivs, DÏxc‡Ki ( I ( †f±iØq †Kv‡bv mvgvšÍwi‡Ki KY©Øq
cÖKvk Ki‡j ( I (Gi µg¸Yd‡ji gv‡bi A‡a©KB D³ mvgvšÍwi‡Ki
†ÿÎdj cÖKvk Ki‡e| A_©vr cÖ`Ë Dw³wU mZ¨|

((( ^ ^ ^
B = –3 i + 2 j – k

 ^ ^ ^
A = –2 i + 3 j – k

[we. G. Gd kvnxb K‡jR, kg‡mibMi, h‡kvi]

K. AvqZ GKK †f±i wK? 1
L. GKwU †`vjK Nwo MÖx®§Kv‡j ax‡i P‡j †Kb e¨vL¨v Ki|
2
M.|( (| wbY©q Ki| 3
N. DÏxc‡Ki †f±i؇qi jwä G‡`i ga¨eZ©x †KvbwU
mgwØLwÛZ K‡i wKbv hvPvB Ki| 4
77 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
( wÎgvwÎK Kv‡Z©mxq ¯’vbvsK e¨e¯’vi wZbwU abvÍK Aÿ
eivei †h wZbwU GKK †f±i we‡ePbv Kiv nq (^, ^,^) Zv‡`i
AvqZ GKK †f±i e‡j|
( †`vjK Nwo avZe Dcv`v‡b (†hgb, B¯úvZ) ˆZwi nq| ZvB
MigKv‡j ewa©Z ZvcgvÎvi `iæY †`vjK Nwoi k¨vdU ev `‡Ûi
ˆ`N©¨ e„w× cvIqvq Gi Kvh©Ki ˆ`N©¨I e„w× cvq| ZLb mij
†`vj‡Ki T  m~Îvbymv‡i Gi †`vjbKvj I e„w× cvq, d‡j
wbw`©ó cwigvY mg‡q †`vjK Nwo c~‡e©i Zzjbvq Kg msL¨K
†`vjb †`q| GKvi‡Y MÖx®§Kv‡j †`vjK Nwo ax‡i P‡j e‡j
cÖZxqgvb nq|
( †`Iqv Av‡Q, (= –2^+ 3^ ^
(=  3 ^+ 2^ ^
†ei Ki‡Z n‡e, | ( (| = ?
Avgiv Rvwb,
( ( = = ^ ^ + ^
= ^ (3 + 2)  ^(2 3) + ^(4 + 9) =  ^ + ^+ 5^
 | ( (| = = GKK (Ans.)
( †f±i (Gi gvb, A = |(| =
= =
†f±i (Gi gvb, B = |(| =
= =
awi, ( (Gi ga¨eZ©x †KvY  Ges G‡`i jwä, (Gi mv‡_  †KvY
Drcbœ K‡i|
Zvn‡j, tan = =
=
= = = tan
=
myZivs DÏxc‡Ki †f±i؇qi jwä G‡`i ga¨eZ©x †KvY‡K
mgwØLwÛZ K‡i|

(((
B C B C
(2)
(1) d = 2 km d = 2 km
v2 = 5ms–1 v2 = 5ms–1

O v1 = 3ms–1 A O v1 = 3ms–1 A

wP‡Î OA = v1 = †mÖv‡Zi †eM, OB = v2 = †bŠKvi †eM, OC = v =

jwäi †eM Ges d = b`xi cÖ¯’ 2km.
[Avj-Avwgb GKv‡Wgx ¯‹zj GÛ K‡jR, Puv`cyi]
K. AvqZ GKK †f±i Kv‡K e‡j? 1
L. jb-†ivjvi †Vjv A‡cÿv Uvbv mnR-e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
M.1g wPÎ n‡Z jwä †eM wbY©q Ki| 3
N. †Kvb wP‡Îi b`x cvi n‡Z Kg mgq jvM‡e, MvwYwZK hyw³
`vI| 4
78 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
( wÎgvwÎK Kv‡Z©mxq ¯’vbvsK e¨e¯’vq wZbwU abvÍK Aÿ
eivei †h wZbwU GKK †f±i we‡ePbv Kiv nq Zv‡`i‡K AvqZ
GKK †f±i e‡j|
( GKwU jb-†ivjvi‡K †Vjvi mgq nv‡Zi mvnv‡h¨ jb-†ivjv‡ii nvZ‡j
ej cÖ‡qvM Kiv nq| GB ej Abyf‚wgK I Dj¤^ Dcvs‡k wefvwRZ
nq| Abyf‚wgK DcvskwU f‚wgi mgvšÍiv‡j mvg‡bi w`‡K wµqv
K‡i †ivjviwU‡K mvg‡bi w`‡K GwM‡q †b‡e| wKš‘ Dj¤^
DcvskwU Lvov wb‡Pi w`‡K wµqv Kivq †ivjviwUi IRb †e‡o hvq
d‡j ‡ivjvwUi Dci Nl©Y ejI e„w× cvq| Kv‡RB GwU Pjvi c‡_
†ewk evavcÖvß nq| wKš‘ Uvbvi mgq Dj¤^ DcvskwU Lvov
Dc‡ii w`‡K wµqv Kivq †ivjviwU wKQyUv nvév nq d‡j Nl©Y ejI
Kg nq| Gi d‡j Abyf‚wgK DcvskwU †ivjviwU‡K mn‡R mvg‡bi
w`‡K GwM‡q wb‡q hvq| myZivs ejv P‡j jb †ivjvi †Vjvi †P‡q
Uvbv mnR|
( †`Iqv Av‡Q, †mÖv‡Zi †eM, v1 = 3ms–1
†bŠKvi †eM, v2 = 5ms–1
wPÎ n‡Z cvB, jwä †eM v I †mÖv‡Zi †eM v1 Gi ga¨eZ©x †KvY, 
= 90.
v1 I v2 Gi ga¨eZ©x †KvY  n‡j, v1 eivei jwä †e‡Mi Dcvsk,
vcos90 = v1cos0 + v2cos
0 = v1 + v2cos
ev, cos = = 
  = cos1 = 126.87
Avgiv Rvwb, jwä †eM, v =
=
= 4 ms–1
( †`Iqv Av‡Q,
b`xi cÖ¯’, d = 2km = 2000m
ÔMÕ Ask n‡Z cvB
1g wP‡Î, jwä †eM,  = 4ms–1
g‡b Kwi, 1g wPÎ Abyhvqx b`x cvi n‡Z t I 2q wPÎ Abyhvqx
b`x cvi n‡Z t mgq jv‡M|
 1g wP‡Î b`x cvi n‡Z cÖ‡qvRbxq mgq, t =
ev, t =
 t = 500s.
2q wPÎ n‡Z cvB|
v1 I v2 Gi ga¨eZ©x †KvY,  = 90
 wØZxq wP‡Î jwä †eM v n‡j,
v =
ev,  =
ev,  =
  = 5.83ms–1
 2q wP‡Î b`x cvi n‡Z cÖ‡qvRbxq mgq,
t = = = 343.05 s
AZGe 2q wP‡Î b`x cvi n‡Z Kg mgq jvM‡e|

K bs cÖkœ (Ávbg~jK)
cÖkœ-1. Ae¯’vb †f±i Kv‡K e‡j?
DËi: cÖm½ KvVv‡gvi g~j we›`yi mv‡c‡ÿ †Kv‡bv we›`yi
Ae¯’vb †h †f±‡ii mvnv‡h¨ wbY©q ev wb‡`©k Kiv nq Zv‡K
Ae¯’vb †f±i e‡j|
cÖkœ-2. Aaxb PjK Kv‡K e‡j?
DËi: `ywU ci¯úi wbf©ikxj PjK hvi GKwU cwiewZ©Z n‡j
AciwUI cwiewZ©Z nq G‡`i g‡a¨ †h PjKwU‡K B”Qvbyhvqx
cwiewZ©b Kiv hvq bv; Aci Pj‡Ki cwieZ©‡b cwiewZ©Z nq
Zv‡K Aaxb PjK e‡j|
cÖkœ-3. miY †f±‡ii msÁv `vI|
DËi: ˆiwLK ev mij c‡_ †Kv‡bv we›`yi `~iZ¡‡K miY †f±i e‡j|
cÖkœ-4. †f±i Dcvsk Kv‡K e‡j?
DËi: wefvwRZ †f±i ivwk¸‡jvi cÖ‡Z¨KwU‡K g~j †f±i ivwki
GK GKwU Ask ev Dcvsk e‡j|
cÖkœ-5. K¨vjKzjvm Kx?
DËi: weÁv‡bi fvlvq K¨vjKzjvm n‡jv AweiZ cwieZ©bkxj
ÿz`ªvwZÿz`ª Ask MYbvi GKwU kv¯¿|
cÖkœ-6. †¯‹jvi †ÿÎ Kv‡K e‡j?
DËi: †ÿ‡Îi mv‡_ mswkøó ivwk¸‡jv hw` †¯‹jvi nq Z‡e H †ÿ·K
†¯‹jvi †ÿÎ e‡j|
cÖkœ-7. †f±i †ÿÎ Kv‡K e‡j?
DËi: †ÿ‡Îi mv‡_ mswkøó ivwk¸‡jv hw` †f±i nq Z‡e H †ÿ·K
†f±i †ÿÎ e‡j|
cÖkœ-8. Kvj© Gi msÁv `vI|
DËi: Acv‡iUi ( Ges ( Gi µm ev †f±i ¸Yb Øviv ZvrÿwYKfv‡e
N~Y©b A‡ÿi w`‡K GKwU †f±i cvIqv hvq| G RvZxq ¸Y‡K
Kvj© e‡j|

L bs cÖkœ (Abyavebg~jK)
cÖkœ-1. `ywU Amgvb e‡j jwä k~b¨ n‡Z cv‡i bv Ñ
e¨vL¨v Ki|
DËi: `ywU Amgvb †f±‡ii jwä k~b¨ n‡Z cv‡i bv|
e¨vL¨v : (I ( †f±i `ywU hw`  †Kv‡Y bZ _v‡K, Z‡e G‡`i jwäi
gvb n‡e R = hLb  = 180 ZLb R b~¨bZg nq| A_©vr jwä
†f±‡ii b~¨bZg gvb, R = = = P  Q| †`Lv hv‡”Q, †Kej Ges †Kej
hw` P = Q nq Z‡e R Gi gvb k~b¨ n‡e| Ab¨_vq jwäi b~¨bZg
GKwU gvb _vK‡e| myZivs `ywU Amgvb †f±‡ii jwä KL‡bvB
k~b¨ n‡Z cv‡i bv|
cÖkœ-2. `ywU †f±i ci¯úi j¤^ nIqvi kZ© Kx?
DËi: †f±i ( I ( Gi ga¨eZ©x †KvY  = 90 n‡j,
(.( = AB cos90 = 0 [ cos90 = 0]
AZGe, gvb k~b¨ bq Ggb `ywU †f±‡ii WU ¸Ydj k~b¨ n‡j Giv
ci¯úi j¤^ n‡e|
cÖkœ-3. c`v_©weÁv‡b K¨vjKzjv‡mi e¨envi †jL|
DËi: †eM, Z¡iY, e·‡iLvi Xvj BZ¨vw` wnmv‡ei Rb¨
wWdv‡ibwmqvj K¨vjKzjvm cÖ‡qvM Kiv nq| †ÿÎdj, AvqZb,
fi‡K›`ª, KvR Ges Pvc BZ¨vw` wnmv‡ei Rb¨ Bw›UMÖvj
K¨vjKzjvm e¨envi Kiv nq| ¯’vb, Kvj Ges MwZi cÖK…wZ
m¤^‡Ü mg¨K Ávb AR©‡bi Rb¨I K¨vjKzjvm e¨envi Kiv nq|
cÖkœ-4. Ae¯’vb †f±i ( = x^ + y^ + z^ †K e¨eKjb K‡i
wKfv‡e Z¡iY cvIqv hvq|
DËi: GLv‡b, Ae¯’vb †f±i ( = x^ + y^ + z^
Avgiv Rvwb, AwZÿz`ª mg‡q r-Gi cwie©Z‡bi nvi‡K †eM ejv
nq| myZivs
†eM, ( = = ^ + ^ + ^
cÖkœ-5. MÖvwW‡q‡›Ui Zvrch© ¸‡jv D‡jøL K‡iv|
DËi: MÖvwW‡q‡›Ui Zvrch©¸‡jv wb‡æ †`Iqv n‡jv:
i. †¯‹jvi ivwki MÖvwW‡q›U GKwU †f±i ivwk|
ii. D³ †f±i ivwki gvb H †¯‹jvi ivwki me©vwaK e„w× nv‡ii
mgvb|
iii. †¯‹jvi ivwki cwieZ©b ïay we›`yi ¯’vbv‡¼i DciB wbf©i K‡i
bv, †hw`‡K Gi cwieZ©b †`Lv‡bv †mw`‡Ki Dc‡iI wbf©i K‡i|
cÖkœ-6. WvBfvi‡R‡Ýi †fŠZ ag©¸‡jv †jL|
DËi: WvBfvi‡R‡Ýi †fŠZ ag©¸‡jv n‡jv:
i. WvBfvi‡RÝ Øviv GKK AvqZ‡b GB w`K ivwki †gvU
KZUzKz d¬v· †Kv‡bv we›`y AwfgyLx ev AcmvwiZ n‡”Q
Zv cÖKvk K‡i| (. ( ev div ( Øviv GKK mg‡q †Kv‡bv Zij
c`v‡_©i Nb‡Z¡i cwieZ©‡bi nvi eySvq|
ii. gvb abvÍK n‡j, Zij c`v‡_©i AvqZb e„w× cvq; Nb‡Z¡i
cwieZ©‡bi nvi eySvq|
iii. gvb FYvÍK n‡j AvqZ‡bi ms‡KvPb N‡U, NbZ¡ e„w× cvq|

১. স্কেলার গুণফলের মান ভেক্টর রাশিদ্বয়ের অন্তর্গত

কোণের কোন ত্রিকোণমিতিক অনুপাতের সমানুপাতিক?
ক) সাইন খ) কোসাইন
গ) চ্যানজেন্ট ঘ) সেকেন্ট
২. নিচের কোনটি স্কেলার?
ক) ত্বরণ খ) ভর
গ) ভরবেগ ঘ) বেগ
৩. কোন নৌকাকে অনুভূমিকের সাথে θ কোণ উৎপন্ন করে F বল
দ্বারা গুণ টানা হলে অনুভূমিক উপাংশের মান কত?
ক) F tan θ খ) F sin θ
গ) F cos θ ঘ) F cot θ
৪. দিক রাশিকে প্রকাশ করা হয়-
i. অক্ষর দিয়ে ii. জ্যামিতিক উপায়ে
iii. সংখ্যা দ্বারা
নিচের কোনটি সঠিক?
ক) i ও ii খ) i ও iii
গ) ii ও iii ঘ) i, ii ও iii
৫. রৈখিক বেগের কার্ল কৌণিক বেগের কত গুণ?
ক) দুই খ) তিন গ) চার ঘ) সাত
৬. দুটি ভেক্টর রাশির লব্ধির সর্বোচ্চ ও সর্বনিম্ন মান
যথাক্রমে ভেক্টর রাশি দুটির -
ক) যোগপল ও গুণফলের সমান
খ) গুণফল ও ভাগফলের সমান
গ) যোগফল ও বিয়োগফলের সমান
ঘ) বিয়োগফল ও যোগফলের সমান
৭. 10 N এবং 8 N বলের লব্ধি হতে পারে না -
ক) 18 N খ) 10 N
গ) 2 N ঘ) 1 N
৮. দুটি ভেক্টরের গুণফল যদি একটি ভেক্টর হয় তাহলে এ ধরনের
গুণনকে কী বলে?
ক) ডট গুণন খ) স্কেলার গুণন
গ) জ্যামিতিক গুণন ঘ) ক্রস গুণন
৯. 4 ms-1 বেগে দৌড়ে থাকার সময় একজন লোক 6 ms-1 বেগে
লম্বভাবে পতিত বৃষ্টির সম্মুখীন হলো। বৃষ্টি হতে রক্ষা
পেতে হলে তাকে কত কোণে ছাতা ধরতে হবে?
ক) 33.70 খ) 100
গ) 450 ঘ) 900
১০. একটি ভেক্টরকে সর্বোচ্চ কয়টি উপাংশে ভাগ করা যায়?
ক) দুটি খ) তিনটি
গ) ছয়টি ঘ) অসংখ্য
১১. নৌকা গুণ টানার সময় কোনটি দ্বারা প্রযুক্ত বলের উলম্ব
উপাংশ প্রশমিত হয়?
ক) বাতাসের বাধা খ) পানির স্রোতের বাধা
গ) পানির প্লবতা ঘ) নৌকার হাল
১২. ব্যবকলন অপারেটর কার্যকর হবে -
i. স্কেলার রাশির জন্য ii. ভেক্টর রাশির জন্য
iii. সকল ভৌত রাশির জন্য
নিচের কোনটি সঠিক?
ক) i ও ii খ) ii ও iii
গ) i ও iii ঘ) i, ii ও iii
১৩. ক্যালকুলাস ব্যবহারে -
i. বড় গাণিতিক বাক্যকে সংক্ষিপ্তরূপে প্রকাশ করা যায়
ii. পদার্থবিজ্ঞানের কাঙ্খিত ফলাফল নিখুঁতভাবে পাওয়া
সম্ভব নয়
iii. পদার্থবিজ্ঞান সমৃদ্ধশালী হয়েছে
নিচের কোনটি সঠিক?
ক) i ও ii খ) ii ও iii
গ) i ও iii ঘ) i, ii ও iii
১৪. যে ভেক্টরের মান এক একক তাকে কী ভেক্টর বলে?
ক) শূন্য খ) একক
গ) স্থানীয় ঘ) ধন
১৫. অবস্থানের সাপেক্ষে কোনো স্কেলার ক্ষেত্রের
সর্বোচ্চ পরিবর্তনের হার ঐ ক্ষেত্রের -
ক) ডেল খ) গ্রাডিয়েন্ট
গ) ডাইভারজেন্স ঘ) ডিফারেন্সিয়েশন
১৬. সমজাতীয় এবং সমমানের দুটি ভেক্টরের দিক পরস্পর
বিপরীত হলে তাদেরকে পরস্পরের -
i. ঋণ ভেক্টর বলা হয় ii. বিপরীত ভেক্টর বলা হয়
iii. সম ভেক্টর বলা হয়
নিচের কোনটি সঠিক?
ক) i ও ii খ) ii ও iii
গ) i ও iii ঘ) i, ii ও iii
১৭. ভেক্টর প্রকাশে স্থানাঙ্ক ব্যবস্থার ক্ষেত্রে-
i. কোনো বিন্দুর অবস্থান নির্দেশ করতে আমরা স্থানাঙ্ক
ব্যবস্থার সাহায্য নিই
ii. সমতলে অবস্থিত কোনো বিন্দুর অবস্থান দ্বিমাত্রিক
স্থানাঙ্ক ব্যবস্থার সাহায্যে নির্দেশ করা হয়
iii. কোনো স্থানে কোনো বিন্দুর অবস্থান নির্দেশ করতে
ত্রিমাত্রির স্থানাঙ্ক ব্যবস্থার প্রয়োজন
নিচের কোনটি সঠিক?
ক) i ও ii খ) i ও iii
 গ) ii ও iii ঘ) i, ii ও iii
১৮. স্কেলার গুণফল-
i. একটি ভেক্টর রাশি
ii. ভেক্টর রাাশিদ্বয়ের মান ও এদের অন্তর্গত কোণের সাইনের
গুণফলের সমান
iii. বিনিময় সূত্র মেনে চলে
নিচের কোনটি সঠিক?
ক) i ও ii খ) i ও iii
গ) ii ও iii ঘ) i, ii ও iii
১৯. কোনো ভেক্টর R- কে যদি দুটি পরস্পর লম্ব উপাংশে
বিভাজিত করা হয় তাহলে R এর সাথে-
i. α কোণে উপাংশের মান X=cosα
ii. (900 - α ) কোণে উপাংশের মান Y=R sinα
iii. α কোণে উপাংশের মান X=R sinα
নিচের কোনটি সঠিক?
ক) i ও ii খ) i ও iii
গ) ii ও iii ঘ) i, ii ও iii
২০. ভেক্টর যোগের সাধারণ নিয়ম কোনটি?
ক) ত্রিভুজ সূত্র খ) সামান্তরিক সূত্র
গ) বহুভুজ সূত্র ঘ) উপাংশ সূত্র
২১. ভেক্টরের ক্রস গুণনের ক্ষেত্রে-
i. গুণফলের মান রাশি দুটির মান ও এদর অন্তর্গত কোনের সাইন-
এর গুণফলের সমান
ii. গুণফলের দিক ডান হাতি স্ক্রু নিয়ম দ্বারা নির্ধারিত
iii. বিনিময় সূত্র মেনে চলে
নিচের কোনটি সঠিক?
ক) i ও ii খ) i ও iii
গ) ii ও iii ঘ) i, ii ও iii
২২. দুটি ভেক্টরের লব্বির সর্বনিম্ন মান কোনটির সমান?
ক) ভেক্টদ্বয়ের যোগফল
খ) ভেক্টরদ্বয়ের মানের বিয়োগফল
গ) ভেক্টরদ্বয়ের ডট গুণফল
ঘ) ভেক্টরদ্বয়ের ক্রস গুণফল
২৩. নিচের কোন সূত্রটি ভেক্টর বিভাজনে ব্যবহৃত হয়?
ক) বিনিময় সূত্র খ) ত্রিভুজ সূত্র
গ) বন্টন সূত্র ঘ) ত্রিভুজের সাইন সূত্র
২৪. দটি ভেক্টরের ক্রস গুণফল/ভেক্টর গুণফল শূন্য হলে
ভেক্টরদ্বয়ের মধ্যবর্তী কোণ কত হবে?
ক) 300 খ) 00
গ) 900 ঘ) 600
২৫. জড়তার ভ্রামক কী ধরনের রাশি?
ক) দিক রাশি খ) স্কেলার
গ) ভেক্টর ঘ) মৌলিক
২৬. কোনো নৌকাকে অনুভূমিকের সাথে θ কোনে F বল দ্বারা দুণ
টানা হলে উলম্ব উপাংশের মান কত?
ক) F tanθ খ) F sinθ
গ) F secθ ঘ) F cosθ
২৭. ভেক্টর অন্তরীকরণীয় অপারেটরের ক্ষেত্রে-
i. এর আচরণ অনেকটা সাধারণ ভেক্টরের মত
ii. গ্রাডিয়েন্ট হলো ভেক্টর ক্ষেত্র
iii. ডাইভারজেন্স হলো অন্তরীকরণ যোগ্য স্কেলার ক্ষেত্র
নিচের কোনটি সঠিক?
ক) i ও ii খ) i ও iii
গ) ii ও iii ঘ) i, ii ও iii
২৮.দুই বা ততোধিক সমজাতীয় ভেক্টর যদি একই দিকে ক্রিয়ারত
থাকে এবং তাদের মান যদি সমান হয় তাহলে তাদেরকে কী বলে?
ক) সমান ভেক্টর খ) বিপরীত ভেক্টর
গ) সমরৈখিক ভেক্টর ঘ) সমতলীয় ভেক্টর
২৯. বেগের মান v অতিবাহিত সময় t এর ওপর নির্ভর করে।
এক্ষেত্রে-
i. বেগ v এর সময় t একটি অপেক্ষক
ii. একে v ( t) রূপে প্রকাশ করা হয়
iii. একে vt রূপে প্রকাশ করা হয়
নিচের কোনটি সঠিক?
ক) i ও ii খ) i ও iii
গ) ii ও iii ঘ) i, ii ও iii
৩০. নিচের কোন ক্ষেত্রে কার্ল এর ভূমিকা অপরিসীম?
ক) প্রবাহী বলবিদ্যায় খ) জ্যামিতিতে
গ) ঘূর্ণনের ক্ষেত্রে ঘ) অভিকর্ষ বলের ক্ষেত্রে
৩১. স্কেলার রাশি হলো-
i. ত্বরণ ii. দৈর্ঘ্য
iii. বৈদ্যুতিক বিভব
নিচের কোনটি সঠিক?
ক) i ও ii খ) i ও iii
গ) ii ও iii ঘ) i, ii ও iii
৩২. নিম্নের কোনটি ভেক্টরের প্রকারভেদ নয়?
ক) ধন ভেক্টর খ) সমান ভেক্টর
গ) সমতলীয় ভেক্টর ঘ) বল ভেক্টর
৩৩. দুটি বলের লব্ধির মান 4N। বল দুটির মধ্যে ছোটটির মান
মান 3N এবং এটি লব্ধি বলের লম্বের বরাবর ক্রিয়া করে। বড়
বলটির মান কত?
ক) 3N খ) 4N
গ) 5N ঘ) 7N
৩৪. টর্কের অপর নাম কী?
ক) ঘূর্ণন বল খ) ঘর্ষণ বল
গ) কৌণিক বল ঘ) জড়তার ভ্রামক
৩৫. যখন দুই বা ততোধিক ভেক্টর একই সমতলে অবস্থান করে
তাহলে তাদেরকে কী বলে?
ক) সমতলীয় ভেক্টর খ) সমরৈখিক ভেক্টর
গ) অবস্থান ভেক্টর ঘ) বিপরীত ভেক্টর
৩৬. কোন দুটি স্কেলার রাশি?
ক) গতিশক্তি, বেগ খ) তড়িৎক্ষেত্র ও তড়িৎ বিভব
গ) কেন্দ্রীয় বল, তাপমাত্রা ঘ) চার্জ, কম্পাঙ্ক
৩৭. 'দুই বা ততোধিক ভেক্টরের লম্ব উপাংশসমূহ জানা থাকলে,
ভেক্টরগুলোর যোগফল বীজগণিতীয় নিয়মে বের করা যায়।' -এটি
কোন সূত্র নামে পরিচিত?
ক) লম্ব উপাংশ সূত্র
খ) ভেক্টর যোগের উপাংশ সূত্র
 গ) বেক্টর যোগের বিভাজন সূত্র
ঘ) অংশক সূত্র
৩৮. ব্যবকলনের বিপরীত প্রক্রিয়ার নাম কী?
ক) সমাকলন খ) অন্তরীকরণ
গ) অন্তরণ ঘ) যোজন
৩৯. দুটি সমান বলের লব্ধির বর্গ তাদের গুণফলের 3 গুণ।
তাদের মধ্যবর্তী কোণ হবে -
ক) 00 খ) 300
গ) 600 ঘ) 1200
৪০. সমাকলনের বিপরীত প্রক্রিয়া হলো-
i. অন্তরীকরণ ii. ভেক্টর বিশ্লিষ্টকরণ
iii. ব্যবকলন
নিচের কোনটি সঠিক?
ক) i ও ii খ) i ও iii
গ) ii ও iii ঘ) i, ii ও iii
৪১. 5 N এবং 10 N মানের দুটি বল একটি কণার উপর আপতিত হলে
নিচের কোন বলটি কণাটির উপর লব্ধি বলের সমান হতে পারে না?
ক) 5 N খ) 10 N
গ) 15 N ঘ) 20 N
৪২. ডট ও ক্রস গুণনের ক্ষেত্রে ভেক্টরের মধ্যবর্তী কোণের
সীমা হলো -
ক) 0 < θ < π খ) π ≤ θ < 0
গ) 0 ≤ θ ≤ π ঘ) 0 < θ ≤ π
৪৩. দুটি ভেক্টর সমান সমান হলে ভেক্টরদ্বয়-
i. সমজাতীয় হবে
ii. একই দিকে ক্রিয়ারত থাকে
iii. সমান মানের হবে
নিচের কোনটি সঠিক?
ক) i ও ii খ) i ও iii
গ) ii ও iii ঘ) i, ii ও iii
৪৪. একটি ফাংশনের উপর প্রযুক্ত হয়ে তাকে অন্য ফাংশনে

ক) ∇
রূপান্তর করে নিচের কোনটি?
খ) τ
গ) ψ ঘ) ω
৪৫. অপারেটর হচ্ছে -
i. গাণিতিক রাশি
ii. একটি ফাংশনকে অন্য ফাংশনে রূপান্তর করে
iii. ফাংশনের উপর প্রযুক্ত হয় না
নিচের কোনটি সঠিক?
ক) i ও ii খ) ii ও iii
গ) i ও iii ঘ) i, ii ও iii
৪৬. একটি ভেক্টরকে দুই বা ততোধিক ভেক্টরে বিভক্ত করার
প্রক্রিয়াকে কী বলে?
ক) ভেক্টর বন্টন খ) ভেক্টর বিনিময়
গ) ভেক্টর বিভাজন ঘ) ভেক্টর সংযোজন
৪৭. τ = Iα সূত্রটিতে -
i. τ একটি স্কেলার রাশি ii. I একটি স্কেলার রাশি
iii. α একটি ভেক্টর রাশি
নিচের কোনটি সঠিক?
ক) i ও ii খ) ii ও iii
গ) i ও iii ঘ) i, ii ও iii
৪৮. কোন রাশিটির মান ও দিক আছে?
ক) বেগ খ) ক্ষমতা
গ) শক্তি ঘ) তড়িৎ প্রবাহ
৪৯. দুটি ভেক্টর রাশির স্কেলার গুণন -
ক) একটি বীজগাণিতিক গুণফল
খ) একটি ভেক্টর রাশি হয়
গ) একটি স্কেলার রাশি হয়
ঘ) রাশি দুটির মধ্যবর্তী কোণের সাইনের সমানুপাতিক
৫০. প্রদত্ত ভেক্টরটির মান কত?
ক) 4.26 খ) 6.16
গ) 6.26 ঘ) 7.16

সঠিক উত্তর:
১. (খ) ২. (খ) ৩. (গ) ৪. (খ) ৫. (ক) ৬. (গ) ৭. (ঘ) ৮. (ঘ) ৯. (ক) ১০.
(ঘ) ১১. (ঘ) ১২. (ঘ) ১৩. (গ) ১৪. (খ) ১৫. (খ) ১৬. (ক) ১৭. (ঘ) ১৮.
(ক) ১৯. (ক) ২০. (ঘ) ২১. (ঘ) ২২. (খ) ২৩. (ঘ) ২৪. (খ) ২৫. (খ)
২৬. (খ) ২৭. (ঘ) ২৮. (ক) ২৯. (ক) ৩০. (গ) ৩১. (গ) ৩২. (ঘ) ৩৩.
(গ) ৩৪. (ক) ৩৫. (ক) ৩৬. (ঘ) ৩৭. (খ) ৩৮. (ক) ৩৯. (গ) ৪০. (খ) ৪১.
(ঘ) ৪২. (গ) ৪৩. (ঘ) ৪৪. (ক) ৪৫. (ক) ৪৬. (গ) ৪৭. (খ) ৪৮. (ক) ৪৯.
(গ) ৫০. (খ)