Intelligence Officer Grade - II / TECH --- Exam - 2025

Computer Application
Index

1. Fundamentals of computer ...................................................... 2

2. Operating Computer Using GUI Based Operating System. 13
3. Microsoft Word ...................................................................... 24
4. Microsoft Excel ....................................................................... 36
5. Microsoft PowerPoint............................................................. 48
6. Basic Computer Repairing (Hardware)................................ 59
7. Communication using the internet ........................................ 71
8. WWW and web browsers ...................................................... 82
9. Online Security and Privacy .................................................. 93
10. Programming basics ........................................................... 104
11. Website Creation basics ..................................................... 116
12. Smart phone uses ................................................................ 127
13. Linux and Dos commands .................................................. 138

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 Intelligence Officer Grade - II / TECH --- Exam - 2025

1. Fundamentals of computer 3. Storage Unit:

Computers use memory to store data:
o Primary Storage:
1. Introduction to Computer ▪ RAM (Random Access Memory): Temporary,
volatile memory (data lost when power is off). Used for
• Definition: currently running programs.
A computer is an electronic machine that works with ▪ ROM (Read Only Memory): Permanent, stores
data. It accepts raw facts (input), processes them system instructions like BIOS.
according to given instructions (program), stores them ▪ Cache: Very fast, small memory inside CPU to speed
for future use, and produces results (output) that humans up processing.
can understand. o Secondary Storage: Permanent storage like Hard
• Example: When you type numbers into a calculator Disks, SSDs, CDs, DVDs, Pen Drives.
(input), it processes them and shows the result (output). 4. Central Processing Unit (CPU):
• Characteristics Explained: Known as the brain of the computer, it controls
1. Speed: A computer can perform millions of operations everything.
per second (measured in FLOPS or MIPS). For example, o Control Unit (CU): Directs data flow between
tasks like sorting a big database, which may take hours memory, input, output, and ALU.
for humans, are done in seconds by a computer. o Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU): Performs all
2. Accuracy: If instructions are correct, the output is calculations (addition, subtraction) and logical decisions
always accurate. Errors usually happen due to wrong (greater, smaller, equal).
input or faulty programming (human errors). o Registers: Very fast small memory for temporary
3. Storage: Computers can store huge amounts of data data.
(images, videos, text) and retrieve them quickly. For 5. Communication Unit (optional):
example, your phone stores thousands of photos in Helps computers exchange data via networks (LAN,
gigabytes. WAN, Internet).
4. Versatility: It can be used for multiple purposes –
designing, banking, education, gaming, etc.
5. Diligence: Unlike humans, computers do not get tired, 3. Data Representation
bored, or lose concentration. They can run continuously
• Computers use binary system (0 and 1) because
24×7.
electronic devices have two states: ON (1) and OFF (0).
6. Automation: Once a program is given, the computer
• Units:
executes it automatically without further help.
o 1 Bit = Smallest unit of data (0 or 1).
7. Connectivity: With the internet, computers can
o 1 Nibble = 4 Bits.
connect worldwide, enabling email, social media, video
o 1 Byte = 8 Bits = 1 character (like ‘A’ or ‘5’).
calls, and global business.
o 1 KB = 1024 Bytes,
o 1 MB = 1024 KB,
2. Basic Organization of a Computer o 1 GB = 1024 MB,
o 1 TB = 1024 GB.
A computer system has five main units. This hierarchy helps measure memory and storage.
1. Input Unit:
Devices that allow users to enter data and instructions
into the system. 4. Types of Computers
o Example: A keyboard lets you type, a mouse selects
1. Based on Size & Performance:
items, a scanner inputs images, and a microphone inputs
o Supercomputer: Extremely fast, used for weather
sound.
forecasting, space research.
2. Output Unit:
o Mainframe: Supports thousands of users, used in
Devices that show results after processing.
banks, railways.
o Example: A monitor displays results visually, a printer
o Minicomputer: Smaller than mainframe, used in
gives hard copies, and speakers produce sound.
medium organizations.

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 Intelligence Officer Grade - II / TECH --- Exam - 2025
o Microcomputer: Personal computers (desktops, • WAN (Wide Area Network): Covers a large area
laptops). globally (Internet).
2. Based on Purpose:
o General Purpose: Designed for multiple tasks like
office work, internet, games. 8. Internet & Related Terms
o Special Purpose: Built for a specific job like ATMs,
• WWW (World Wide Web): A collection of web
washing machines. pages connected through links.
3. Based on Data Handling: • URL: The address of a webpage (e.g.,
o Analog: Works with continuous data (speedometers,
[Link]
thermometers). • IP Address: A unique number given to every device
o Digital: Works with discrete binary data (modern PCs,
on the internet.
laptops). • Cloud Computing: Accessing storage, software, and
o Hybrid: Combination of analog and digital (used in
services over the internet instead of local storage.
hospitals for monitoring). • Cybersecurity: Protecting systems and data from
hackers, viruses, and Cybercrime.

5. Computer Software
• System Software: Controls hardware and forms the 9. Input/Output Devices
base for applications. • Input Devices: Keyboard, Mouse, Scanner, Joystick,
o Operating System (Windows, Linux, MacOS).
Webcam, Microphone.
o Utility Software (Antivirus, Disk Cleanup).
• Output Devices: Monitor, Printer, Speaker, Plotter,
• Application Software: Used by users for specific
Projector.
tasks.
o Examples: MS Word, Excel, Chrome Browser,
Photoshop. 10. Applications of Computers
• Programming Languages: Tools to write software.
o Low-level: Machine Language (0/1), Assembly • Education: E-learning, online classes, smart boards,
Language. online exams.
o High-level: C, C++, Java, Python, SQL. • Business: Banking, payroll systems, e-commerce.
• Science & Research: Simulations, satellite control,
data analysis.
6. Generations of Computer • Healthcare: Medical imaging, patient record
management, robotic surgery.
1. First Generation (1940–1956): Vacuum tubes, very • Communication: Email, video calls, instant
large, high heat, slow. messaging.
2. Second Generation (1956–1963): Transistors, • Entertainment: Music, movies, video games, social
smaller, faster, less heat. media.
3. Third Generation (1964–1971): Integrated Circuits
(ICs), more reliable.
4. Fourth Generation (1971–Present): Multiple Choice Questions(MCQS)
Microprocessors, personal computers, laptops.
5. Fifth Generation (Present & Future): Artificial
Intelligence, Robotics, Quantum Computers. 1. Which of the following is not a basic application of a
computer?
A) Data processing
7. Computer Networks B) Playing music
C) Making bricks
• LAN (Local Area Network): Connects computers in
D) Sending emails
a small area (office, school). Answer: C
• MAN (Metropolitan Area Network): Covers a city
Explanation: Computers are used in data processing,
or large campus. multimedia (like music), and communication (like

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 Intelligence Officer Grade - II / TECH --- Exam - 2025
emails). Making bricks is a physical process unrelated to 7. Which of the following is a system software?
computer application. A) MS Word
B) Photoshop
2. The brain of the computer is: C) Operating System
A) RAM D) Tally
B) CPU Answer: C
C) Hard Disk Explanation: System software like Operating Systems
D) ROM manage hardware and support application software.
Answer: B
Explanation: CPU (Central Processing Unit) controls 8. Which of these is not hardware?
all operations and processes data, making it the brain of A) Printer
the computer. B) Operating System
C) Mouse
3. Which of the following is an output device? D) RAM
A) Scanner Answer: B
B) Keyboard Explanation: Operating System is software, not a
C) Monitor physical component.
D) Mouse
Answer: C 9. The part of CPU that performs arithmetic and logic
Explanation: Monitor displays the result of processed operations is:
data, making it an output device. A) Control Unit
B) ALU
4. Which key combination is used to paste in most C) Register
computer systems? D) Bus
A) Ctrl + C Answer: B
B) Ctrl + V Explanation: ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit) handles
C) Ctrl + X mathematical and logical functions.
D) Ctrl + P
Answer: B 10. Which of the following is an example of application
Explanation: Ctrl + V is the universal shortcut for paste. software?
A) Windows
5. The block diagram of a computer consists of which B) Linux
major units? C) MS Excel
A) Input, Output, Storage D) BIOS
B) Input, Output, Processing, Storage Answer: C
C) Keyboard, Monitor, CPU Explanation: MS Excel is used for specific tasks like
D) CPU, Mouse, Hard Disk spreadsheets, making it application software.
Answer: B
Explanation: The basic structure includes Input, 11. Which input device is used to convert physical
Processing, Output, and Storage. documents to digital format?
A) Printer
6. Which memory is volatile? B) Monitor
A) ROM C) Scanner
B) Hard Disk D) CPU
C) RAM Answer: C
D) Flash Memory Explanation: A scanner digitizes physical documents.
Answer: C
Explanation: RAM (Random Access Memory) loses its 12. Which keyboard shortcut is used to undo the last
content when the power is off. action?
A) Ctrl + Y
B) Ctrl + U
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 Intelligence Officer Grade - II / TECH --- Exam - 2025
C) Ctrl + Z
D) Ctrl + P 18. Which software directly controls and manages
Answer: C hardware?
Explanation: Ctrl + Z is universally used for undoing A) Application Software
actions. B) Operating System
C) Word Processor
13. Which memory stores the BIOS? D) Antivirus
A) RAM Answer: B
B) Hard Disk Explanation: The operating system is responsible for
C) ROM hardware communication and management.
D) Cache
Answer: C 19. Which is the correct order of the machine cycle?
Explanation: BIOS is stored in ROM, which is non- A) Decode → Fetch → Execute
volatile and permanent. B) Fetch → Decode → Execute
C) Fetch → Execute → Decode
14. Which of the following is a low-level language? D) Execute → Fetch → Decode
A) C++ Answer: B
B) Python Explanation: CPU follows this sequence: Fetch
C) Assembly instruction → Decode it → Execute it.
D) Java
Answer: C 20. What does CPU stand for?
Explanation: Assembly language is close to machine A) Central Programming Unit
code and is considered low-level. B) Central Process Utility
C) Central Processing Unit
15. Which of the following is used for temporary D) Central Performance Unit
storage? Answer: C
A) Hard Drive Explanation: CPU stands for Central Processing Unit,
B) ROM the main processing unit of a computer.
C) RAM
D) CD-ROM 21. Which of the following stores data permanently?
Answer: C A) RAM
Explanation: RAM stores data temporarily while the B) Cache
system is running. C) Hard Disk
D) Register
16. A touchscreen is an example of: Answer: C
A) Input device Explanation: The hard disk is a non-volatile storage
B) Output device device that stores data permanently.
C) Both input and output device
D) Processing device 22. Which component of the CPU interprets and
Answer: C controls instructions?
Explanation: A touchscreen can receive input (touch) A) ALU
and display output (visual), making it both. B) Control Unit
C) Register
17. Which of the following is not part of the Input Unit? D) RAM
A) Keyboard Answer: B
B) Mouse Explanation: The Control Unit directs operations and
C) Scanner tells other components what to do.
D) Speaker
Answer: D 23. What is the function of BIOS?
Explanation: Speaker is an output device, not used for A) Acts as an antivirus
input. B) Handles internet browsing
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 Intelligence Officer Grade - II / TECH --- Exam - 2025
C) Boots up the computer
D) Runs application software
Answer: C
Explanation: BIOS (Basic Input Output System)
initializes hardware during the booting process.

24. Which of these is a primary memory?

A) DVD
B) RAM
C) Pen Drive
D) SSD
Answer: B
Explanation: RAM is a type of primary memory used
for temporary data storage.

25. What does GUI stand for?

A) Graphical User Interface
B) General Use Interface
C) Graphic Utility Interface
D) General User Input
Answer: A
Explanation: GUI allows users to interact with
computers using visuals (icons, windows).

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