EXPLAINS CRITICAL READING AS

LOOKING FOR WAYS OF

THINKING

READING & WRITING 11

 CRITICAL READING

It is important to read critically. Critical reading

requires you to evaluate the arguments in the
text.
Critical Reading
You Need to:
•Distinguish Fact from Opinion

•Analyze Arguments

•Recognize Bias

•Consider Your Own Opinion

CRITICAL READING LEADS TO SIGNIFICANT
UNDERSTANDING:

-Readers interact with the material through

critical reading. When you practice critical
reading, you are not just gathering
information;
 • You are also judging the
importance and legimiticy of the
information you have gathered by
judging the Purpose, manner of
presentation, and holistic
development of the arguments
presented in the text.
• To properly evaluate the ideas
you have gathered while
reading, you must be able to
know the different kinds of
information which are Explicit
Information and Implicit
Information.
TWO KINDS OF INFORMATION:

• EXPLICIT INFORMATION
• IMPLICIT INFORMATION
EXPLICIT INFORMATION

-This is information that is directly stated in

the text. Readers can easily see and identify
this information within the given passage.
IMPLICIT INFORMATION
-as information not directly presented in
the text. To understand it, readers must
infer meaning by reading "between the
lines" to grasp the details the writer is
conveying.
 What is critical reading?

-An active approach to reading that involves an in-depth

examination of the text. Memorization and
understanding of the text is achieved. Additionally, the
text is broken down into its components and examined
critically in order to achieve a meaningful understanding
of the material.

-Khalid
CRITICAL THINKING - Involves a series of
complex though processes which allows
you to make reasoned judgements asses
the way you think and solve problems
effectively.
 WHAT IS REASONING?
-The action of thinking about
something in a logical sensible way.
- Oxford Languages
 WHAT IS LOGICAL REASONING?
- The ability to generate a conclusion that is
logically valid given the premises,
independently of whether the premises are
empirically true.
-Oxford,Research,Encyclopedia
(Henry Markovits)
-PASSIVE VS ACTIVE
READING
 PASSIVE VS. ACTIVE
Inactive process. Active Reading involves
Less motivation to interacting with the text .
examine the text critically Active reader invests
or at an in-depth level. sufficient effort to
Importan piecws of data understand the text and
and assumptions may be commit important details to
missed. memory.
Techniques of Critical Reading

1 Previewing
2 Writing
3 Critical Reading
4 Summarizing
5 Forming a Critical Response
6 Finding a Focus for Your Paper
 PREVIEWING
• Form meaningful expectations about the reading.

• Skimming

- Look for Title, Section Headings, Date

- Expectations about the Author (previous works)

- Define the important vocabulary words

- Brief summaries of chapters

- The goal is to obtain a general grasp of the text

 WRITING

-WRITING WHILE READING

A. MARGIN
B. DIVIDED PAGE METHOD
C. LANDMARK/FOOTNOTE METHOD
D. READING JOURNAL
E. ONLINE DOCUMENTS
 WRITING -MARGIN

- HIGHLIGHT, MARK, OR
UNDERLINE SIGNIFICANT
PARTS OF THE TEXT
IMPORTANT.
 DIVIDED PAGE METHOD

- ON A SEPARATE PIECE OF PAPER, DIVIDE YOUR PAGE INTO TWO

COLUMNS.

- LABEL ONE COLUMN “TEXT” (MEANING FROM YOUR READING) AND

THE OTHER “RESPONSE” (MEANING YOUR RESPONSE).

- WRITE DOWN A PART OF THE TEXT YOU THINK IS IMPORTANT IN THE

“TEXT” COLUMN AND THEN WRITE A REACTION TO IT IN THE OTHER
COLUMN.
 Landmark/Footnote Method

- Provide a space to an article, book, chapter, or text you are

reading.

- In the margin, indicate that you are going to write a

footnote in the highlighted important part of the text. For
example, write a 1 or a (or whatever you want). Then, write
your logical and critical response.
 Reading Journal

- Reading journal is used to track what you are reading and to form
critical responses to articles, chapters.

- Summarize the entire article, explain the main points, define key
terms, and express your reactions.

- Provide your own concepts based from what you read.

- Remember the general rule: 3-5 pages of notes per 100 pages of text.
 Online Documents

- While reading online documents...

Cut and Paste in Word Processor, then insert comments
 1)First Reading

- Read smoothly the text.

- Write important notes

2)Second Reading

- Re-read the material more slowly than during your first read.

- Focus on the content of the material & material's structure

 3 Important ways in writing responses

♦ Restatement- Reiterate what a text says

♦ Description- Describe what a text does
♦ Interpretation- elucidate what a text means
 Summarization

Summary- a brief statement or account of the main

points of something

-Oxford Languages
 Forming Your Critical Response

*Analysis

- Interpretation

- Synthesis

- In forming your critical response, you will now go beyond what the
author has explicitly written to form your impressions of the text.
 Analysis

*Analysis is the separation of something into its parts or elements, which

helps to examine them more closely. In analyzing, make a guide questions
and focus on the authors arguments structure.
 Analysis (continued)

Types of evidence

- Fact: Verifiable evidence.

- Opinion: Judgments based upon facts.

- Expert Opinion: Judgments formed by authorities on a given subject.

- Appeal to Beliefs or Needs: Readers are asked to accept a claim in part because they
already accept it as true WITHOUT factual evidence or because it coincides with their
needs.

- Appeal to Emotion: A claim that is persuasive because it evokes an emotion within the
reader, but may or may not rely on factual evidence.
 Analysis (continued)

Logical Fallacies: Errors in reasoning.

Examples:

- Red herring- introduction of an irrelevant issue in an argument.

- Non sequitur- linking two or more ideas that have no logical

connection.

- Making broad generalizations without proven empirical evidence.

 Interpretation

After breaking down the text into its components and examining them,
ask yourself about the conclusions you can draw from this evidence.

- What claims does the author make?

- What evidence supports these claims?

- Can you infer anything beyond what the author has explicitly written
that either strengthens or weakens the claims made by the author?
 Synthesis

*Synthesizing simply means combining. Instead of

summarizing the main points of each source in turn, you
put together the ideas and findings of multiple sources
in order to make an overall point.
 Synthesis

- Analyze the text, and interpret it all, then make new connections with what
you know.

- Guide Questions in synthesizing:

- What are the main points of this text?

- Were my expectations for this article met?

- If I "read in between the lines" do I learn anything else about what the
author is saying?

- Overall, what can I conclude from this text?

THAT'S
ALL
THANK
YOU!