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HCIA NOTES

Cloud Computing Overview

1. The relationship between virtualization and cloud computing:

o Cloud computing is not a technology drive from virtualization.

 Cloud computing is a service model, not a technology.
o Without virtualization, cloud computing has no value.
o Virtualization is one of the most important technologies to realize cloud computing.

2. Cloud computing can be used to provide IT services like water & electricity services.

3. “Make full use of H/W resources” is the main driving force for the emergence and development
of virtualization technologies.

4. Cloud computing is a pay-per-use model that provides available, convenient, and on-demand
network access and configurable Computing resources sharing pool.

5. IaaS cloud computing services: - Virtualization - Server

6. Cloud-based transformation of enterprise data centers:

o From resource silos to real resource pooling
o Transform from centralized to distributed architecture
o Transform from manual processing to self-service and automatic service
o Transform from decentralized statistics to unified measurement

7. A multinational group has services all around the globe. One of its branches purchases products
from a local cloud service provider. What is the cloud computing deployment method used by
this group? Hybrid Cloud

8. Which of the following statements describe computing resources without virtualization?

o - The OS is closely coupled with hardware

Server Basic

1. True about hard disk performance:

a. Hard disk interface
b. Hard disk rotational speed

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c. Hard disk type

2. IPMI (Intelligent Platform Management Interface) features:

a. IPMI info is managed using hardware instead of OS.
b. Free standard.
c. IPMI core is BMC (Baseboard Management Controller).

3. Browsers included in the RH server (iBMC web UI) compatibility list:

a. Internet Explorer 11.0
b. Microsoft Edge
c. Google Chrome 55.0-84.0
d. Mozilla Firefox 45.0-79.0
e. Safari 9.0-13.1

4. Methods to set IP address of the iBMC management network port:

a. iBMC web UI
b. iBMC CLI
c. BIOS

5. When a large number of writes are performed on a server. How RAID controller improves the
write performance?
a. Enable cache
i. To improve the write performance of the entire system.
ii. Enabling the cache increases the risk of data loss.
b. A battery can be configured for the RAID controller card to improve read/write
performance and data security.

6. BIOS functions:
a. Checking and initializing Hardware.
b. OS Boot.
c. Advanced Boot Manager.

7. Server performs the following functions during BIOS startup:

a. Self-check & initialization POST.
b. Program Service Processing.
c. Hardware Interrupt Handling.

8. iBMC main components:

a. Remote Control Module
b. Web Module
c. SNMP Module
d. (X) Running Monitoring module consists of the detection module fixed on the main
board. Therefore, it is not a module of iBMC.

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9. After the hard disks of server are grouped into RAID groups, hot spare disks are configured to
improve security. Which is correct about hot spares?
a. Hard disks that have been added to a RAID group cannot be configured as hot spares.
b. All RAID types (except RAID 0) support hot spare disks.
c. The capacity of hot spare disk must be greater than or equal to the max capacity of RAID
group member disk.

10. Functions implemented by the BMC module on the server mainboard:

a. Server management and monitoring.
b. KVM function of the server.
c. Server SQL Redirection Function.

11. which of the following components is not a must for a server?  Display
12. BMC interacts with IPMI to manage computers.

Storage Basics

1. RAID 10 is the optimal RAID policy for database system that needs high performance & security.

2. RAID implementation modes:

a. Software
b. Hardware

3. RAID 2.0+ advantage over traditional RAID:

a. Service load balancing
b. Rapid reconstruction
c. Full participation in reconstruction
d. Reducing the number of high-voltage disks

4. RAID 0 uses only data striping and does not use data protection algorithms.

5. RAID 10:
a. Must have at least 4 disks.
b. Applicable to scenarios that have high requirements on speed and fault tolerance.
c. Data is mirrored and then stripped.
d. (X) If two hard disks are faulty, data can be read normally
i. As if the two faulty disks are from RAID 1 array, the overall data is incomplete.

6. Huawei RAID 2.0+:

a. It overcomes the performance bottleneck of traditional RAID reconstruction hot spare
disk and greatly increase the reconstruction speed.

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b. Data is automatically balanced among disks in the storage pool, reducing the overall
storage failure rate.
c. Data on a single LUN is distributed to different disks, avoiding disk hotspots.
d. (X) No write penalty, overcoming the impact of write penalty on LUN performance.
i. As, the traditional RAID policy is still used during the implementation of Huawei
RAID 2.0+ technology. Therefore, the write penalty coefficient is dependent on
the RAID policy selected during storage pool configuration.

7. RAID 5:
a. It uses XOR algorithm.
b. Data read & write in RAID 5 are performed by strip.
c. RAID 5 has parity data stored on each disk. It does not have an independent parity disk
as RAID 3.

8. IP-SAN storage system:

a. It is a block-level data storage mode based on IP network.
b. It features easy deployment, high reliability, and high scalability.
c. It uses the local iSCSI initiator to establish a SAN network with the iSCSI target over IP
network.
d. IP-SAN will not replace FC-SAN.

9. RAID 6
a. It includes P+Q and DP. (P: parity, Q: additional parity)
b. It has double parity.
c. It can restore data when two disks fail.

10. What is the basic unit of RAID 2.0?  Extent

11. Which method costs the highest to store 10 TB?  RAID 1 & RAID 10
12. The unique performance metric of HDDs?  Rotational speed
13. The best read and write performance drive is  SSD
14. The following drives transmit data in Serial mode:
a. SATA b. SAS c. NL-SAS d. SSD

15. DAS and SAN support data transmission over fiber channel or IP networks, while NAS supports
data transmission over IP networks only?  TRUE

16. A server has 10 disks. Two of them are RAID 1, 7 are RAID 5, and the last one is a hot spare disk.
If any disk in the RAID group fails, the hot spare disk automatically replaces the faulty disk,
ensuring the system redundancy. This hot spare disk is a global hot spare disk?  True

17. If optical fibers are used to carry storage services, which of the following storage network types
can be used? - FC SAN

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Network Basics

1. TCP protocol is in Transport layer.

2. Gateway sends information from one network or network segment to another.
3. Host address can be directly assigned to a host port.
4. Data frame processing behaviors for a switch:
a. Flooding
b. Forwarding
c. Discarding

5. Hosts in a VLAN can directly connect to each other. But, hosts on different VLANs cannot directly
connect to each other.

6. PDUs (Packet Data Unit) is called in:

a. Physical Layer PDU: Bits
b. Data Link Layer PDU: Frame
c. Network Layer PDU: Packet
d. Transport Layer PDU: Segment (TCP) / Datagram (UDP)
e. Session, Presentation, Application Layer PDUs: Data

7. IP address:
a. It is a unique logical address used to identify the device that sends & receives packets on
the network.
b. It consists of two parts: - Network part (address) - Host part (subnet)

8. In classful addressing, class ABC addresses are used for allocate host usage.
9. Which class is used for multicasting? Class D

10. Which option is used by router to calculate the packet forwarding path?  Routing table

11. A route must contain the following information:

a. Destination network
b. Destination subnet mask
c. Outbound interface
d. Next hop

12. in TCP/IP based data communication, a ( transport layer ) header will be added to the data that
passes through transport layer.

13. The configuration of an interface is as follows:

interface g0/0/01
port link trunk
port trunk allow-pass vlan 10 11 12
When a data frame tagged with VLAN ID 20 passes through this interface, which of the following

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actions will the switch take?  Discard the data frame.

14. Which of the following devices can provide NAT function?

- Firewall (special types only) - layer 3 switch - router

15. Which of the following form a communication network?

- (X) server - router - switch - Firewall

16. In a computer, the network interface card (NIC) is a basic, important, and indispensable
connection device. It provides functions such as data transmission and reception, data
encapsulation and decapsulation, link management, encoding, and decoding.

17. On a communication network, the MAC address table is maintained by a switch.

18. On FusionAccess, which of the following methods are used by virtual desktops to obtain IP
addresses? - DHCP assignment - Manual assignment

19. Which of the following actions may a switch take on a data frame?
- flood - forward - discard - (X) block

OS Basics

1. Default file system type of the OpenEuler is ext4.

2. OpenEuler is an open-source and free Linux distro platform that supports multiple processor
architectures, such as, x86, ARM, and RISC-V.

3. System call implements:

a. Process control, file read & write, and file system operations.

4. Solaris is not a Linux OS.

5. The configuration file directory of linux is /etc.

6. Linux OS features:
a. It supports multiple platforms.
b. Fully compatible with POSIX 1.0.
c. Free open source software.

d. Linux inherits the design concept of UNIX & is “everything is a file”.

7. In modern computers, CPUs cannot directly read data from disks. Instead, the data must be first
read to which device?  Memory

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8. Based on service models for cloud computing, which of the following items are considered the
running environment for applications?
a. - OS
b. - Dependency library for application running
c. – Middleware

9. Which of the following Linux distros are developed based on OpenEuler?

a. iSoft
b. Eulix OS

10. The common modes of VIM are:

a. Normal mode
b. Insert mode
c. Command line mode

11. Which of the following is an OS? - macOS - Windows - Linux - Andriod

Virtualization Basics

1. Ring 3 is the CPU run level that user application runs on.

2. Full virtualization is a CPU virtualization method that captures, translates, and simulates
sensitive instructions to achieve virtualization.

3. Partitioning in virtualization is running multiple VMs simultaneously on a single physical server.

4. Running modes of the Linux system after KVM module is installed:

a. Guest mode
b. User mode
c. Kernel mode

5. Xen platform focuses on security, and the KVM platform focuses on performance.
6. KVM is not a hypervisor, it is a loaded module on linux system that converts it to a hypervisor.

7. Virtualization characteristics:
a. Isolation
b. Hardware Independence (not Software)
c. Encapsulating
d. Partitioning
8. Two types of virtualization architectures:
a. Bare-metal virtualization (Type I)

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b. Host virtualization (Type II)

9. Dom0 is also responsible for direct access of hardware and manages DomUs.
10. When there are a large number of DomUs. Dom0 becomes the performance bottleneck.

Virtualization Platform Introduction

1. FusionCompute network planning network plans:

a. Storage plane
b. BMC plane
c. Management plane

2. VRM functions:
a. Provides elastic computing, storage, and IP services by managing virtual resources and
user data in a unified manner.
b. Managing block storage resources in a cluster.

3. FusionCompute Virtualization Suite products:

a. FusionCompute pro
b. eBackup
c. UltraVR

4. The host (CNA) and VRM cannot be deployed on physical servers or VMs.

5. FusionCompute abstracts server physical resources into logical resources and enables hardware
such as CPU, memory, disks, and I/Os to be dynamically managed as resource pools, improving
resource utilization and simplifying system management.

6. CNA does not manage the lifecycle of VMs in a cluster and the distribution and migration of VMs
on compute nodes.

7. DVS (Distributed Virtual Switch) is not a physical device.

8. If the number of CNA hosts is small, you can manually mount the ISO file to install CNA nodes
one by one. If the number is large, you can use FusionCompute installation tool to install CNA
nodes in batches.

9. Uplinks are used to connect the DVS and physical machine NICs.

10. PXE method used to install CNAs in batches.

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11. When configuring a virtual environment during FusionAccess initial configuration, which is the
"FusionCompute IP"? VRM floating IP address

12. In Huawei Virtualization Suite, which is used to provide disaster recovery (DR) services?
 UltraVR

13. In FusionCompute, which of the following components is deployed on the server that needs to
be virtualized?  CNA

14. In FusionCompute, a pair of VRM nodes must be deployed each time a cluster is created?
 FALSE

15. Which if the following is true about FusionCompute installation?

- CNA host can be installed in PXE mode or by mounting ISO image
- CNA hosts must be deployed on physical machine
- It is recommended that VRM nodes be deployed on VMs
- (X) VRM nodes can be deployed on VMs by using a specific tool or by mounting ISO images

Virtualization Platform Management

1. Snapshots types supported by FusionCompute:

a. Common snapshot
b. Consistency snapshot
c. Memory snapshot

2. Rule group of FC (FusionCompute):

a. Aggregate VMs
b. Mutually exclusive VMs
c. VM to Host

3. Memory over-commitment technology:

a. Memory ballooning
b. Memory swapping
c. Memory sharing

4. A Security group contains VM NICs, and one VM NIC can be added to only one security group.

5. Persistent disk means data is permanently stored on it, and vice versa.

6. Thin provisioning disks allocate space before write.

7. LUNs do not belong to storage resources.

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8. Common disk:
a. The size of the common disk is the same as that of the virtual disk, and all file locations
are filled with 0. This occupies a large amount of space and takes a long time to
provision the common disk.

9. Live migration allows you to migrate VM disks from one storage device to another without
interrupting services.

10. When creating a VM, you can specify the CPU QoS based on the CPU performance requirements
of the service to be deployed. Calculated is a different capability of a VM based on a different
CPU QoS.

FusionAccess Solution Overview

1. FusionCompute is included in the cloud OS management layer.

2. Functions of Desktop Protocols:

a. 2D graphics display technology
b. Voice technology
c. Video display technology

3. Disadvantages of traditional PC office:

a. Data Security Vulnerability
b. Inflexible solidification and low utilization
c. Huge O&M expenses in later stage

4. Mobile phone is not a TC (Thin Client).

5. AD, DHCP, and DNS are also FusionAccess components.

6. The peripheral redirection technology in desktop protocol function is classified into port
redirection and device redirection based on the implementation principle of the peripheral
technology.

7. The HDP protocol provides the capability of playing 4K videos. This capability is to send
audio and video data packets after the original video file decapsulation to the client, and
the client directly uses the audio and video data packets to decode and display.

8. HDP supports up to 64 virtual channels.

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9. After Huawei Desktop Agent (HDA) is installed on the VM. The VM Desktop information is
sent to the thin client through HDP protocol.

10. On FusionAccess, if a Linux desktop is assigned to multiple users, users can log into the
desktop at the same time?  FALSE

11. HDP enables FusionAccess components communication & real-time data synchronization. It
also ensures that components deployed in active/standby mode can obtain the status of
each other at any time.  - True

12. Which of the following Access modes are supported by FusionAccess?

- SC - TC - Mobile terminal
- (X) VNC  not a native access mode supported by FusionAccess, as it primarily uses
protocols optimized for virtual desktop infrastructure (VDI), like HDP.

FusionAccess Solution Overview

1. User Groups and OUs (similarities & differences):

a. Both are AD (Active Directory) objects.
b. A user group can contain accounts only.
c. An OU can contain accounts, computers, printers, and shared folders.
d. OUs have a group policy function.

2. User Groups in AD:

a. A user can be a member of many groups.
b. Groups can be nested from other groups.
c. Used to simplify the assignment of resources permissions.

3. FusionAccess Management Components:

a. Desktop Management layer components:
i. License Server
ii. ITA (IT Adapter)
iii. HDC (Huawei Desktop Controller)
iv. GaussDB “optional”
v. Backup Server “optional”
vi. TCM (Thin Client Management) “optional”
b. Access & access control layer components:
i. WI (Web Interface)
ii. vAG (virtual Access Gateway) “optional”

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1. Its main functions are the desktop access gateway & self-service
maintenance gateway.
iii. vLB (virtual Load Balancer) “optional”
1. It is used to balance loads when users access WI.

4. GaussDB: (optional, Desktop Management Layer)

a. It provides database functions to ITA & HDC.

5. DNS (Domain Name System)  It is a distributed database that provides translation

between domain names and IP addresses to facilitate network access.

6. The min. administrative unit in AD is an object not the OU.

7. When the no. of used licenses reaches 1.1 of the total no. of licenses, new users cannot
login to the desktop.

8. On FusionAccess, when the Backup server does not have enough space, what is performed?
 Delete the earliest backup data.

9. which of components on FusionAccess that does not have backup data?

 vAG (virtual Access Gateway)

10. On FusionAccess, vAGs need to be deployed on different hosts. which of the following
methods is recommended?  VMs are set to be mutually exclusive.

11. On FusionAccess system with 2000 users, how many vAGs need to be deployed ?
 Number of vAGs = 2000 users / (500 users per vAG) = 4 vAGs

12. On FusionAccess, which of the following methods is used to disable the recording and
playback of music and games at important meetings?  - Disabling audio redirection

13. Which of the following FusionAccess components runs on virtual desktops?  HDA

14. If a desktop in FusionAccess needs to call the camera of a terminal, device redirection is
recommended?  TRUE

15. Which of the following desktop groups supports "Add user (group)"?
- Dynamic pool
- Static pool
- Assign a computer to multiple users
- Assign a computer to user

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16. On FusionAccess, the vAG component is used for service access and self-service
maintenance.

FusionAccess Solution Overview

1. Linked Clone Desktop:

a. Linked clone base volumes are read-only volumes. Multiple linked clone VMs (max 128)
share one copy. Instead, a delta disk (Read/Write disk) is created and combined with
the system disk in the template, the user personalized data is saved in the delta disk.

b. Linked Clone Desktop Pool Groups Types:

i. Static pool
ii. Dynamic pool
c. Linked Clone Desktops advantages:
i. Improve management efficiency.
ii. Fast creation speed.
iii. Reduce storage costs.
2. Dedicated (private) allocation is used in OA scenarios. While, Pool allocation in call centers.

3. A pool refers to a group of VMs that users can share and each has no personalized data.

4. There is no fundamental difference between Full-Copy and QuickPrep templates. QuickPrep is

just faster and more efficient in provisioning VMs.

5. In QuickPrep VM is not encapsulated using SysPrep. The template needs to be added to a

domain for quick provisioning.

6. When a user logs into a desktop group of static pool type for the first time, a VM is randomly
assigned to a user and bound to a user. A user can be bound to only one VM. While, dynamic
pool does not bound the user to VM.

7. Each VM in a full copy VM group has a system disk, and the VM template type is full copy?
 True

8. Which of the following methods can be used for FusionAccess to collect infrastructure
computer logs?
a. - One-click log collection function on FusionAccess
b. - Manually obtaining logs
c. - FusionCare

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