Planls

Sezual Reproduclbn tn flowering

Siamen
Anther4

Fitlamerit
-+ skyle
CaspeC
Petals

Aceog
sepab
Ovcy
ThalaLLLS

recliel

In anq'osperms the mn plamt body cš Sporophyte

Structure 5tamen:
and siender Elament anc
8tanen t's consist ot - helong
Anther.
Ibilobec

Anther - Bulobed strctwre.

1anthgf - a
ko be (h'lobecd).
Loße- beca (dthecoLLS)
1
clu'stal
nd S
attacicd
to ant!c.
flaeit

Rtoxtmalehd attached ent HhalanuLs Petals.

Lobt- ongtu da astoo - Separate -t00 heca

 Stiuctue o yun

iddle layer

Tapetumm

Endo thecium

-cLLng 'ttln€ have

mttroSporangea. a each 4 cornet

s[TetiayporangiateJ

Mature Anther.

Pollen galnts

edlotccctoL

>Cpitleins
 .Sndotherim cnd nutdte dayc paonde
Eprden
Pofcelin1 .l'irre do trln se [Link] lU.

lapetttn ts bhtrlonntecf (hiltttifolttplatrd) and havt.

lense oytoplashm.
-oide eut'shvcot to deuol optn pollen.

hd 0thect ldve nt) 1cle dlitllnte.

Coc a ntiosgi?11mteroporotytcs
kmou
.
8PCrcgC19tUS t'ssue also
ocus s act as follcn Mother rel

Sore10us ti'Sstics
4 nnioto,
and produte
lollen Mother celt endcrgo Mer'osr's

mospoie tctrad (haplora).

tohch t's

4 mtrotpoic
Metosis
O (rou'rosporc tCtcd)
(haptocd )
(n)
Tapetut (2n)
mtroSpor ogenesi's

Thui whole proce SS t's nmt'rospovo enesS

to
AStcr that , Each mtcrospore Can deuide by Mutosi's
aiie sise to pollen qan.
PVacuole
egctat

goneratie
Lyacus a sym ttrit celL
(mrospoie) Sptnde

lcads 4o ttncqual
di slo
egtathe

ralege netophyie.
folten galn
absent
> fart fn whfch exine in
Pollen grat
las
ncb1 &ne
Veqtatie tell

-lar
focod
ge sizc
eseIve -R maleqaniee
negelar Shped nuclteus. spenelle shape ceti

Extine Tnthe
D'SContr'huosdayer ContnuoLs Kacr
made tlp Sporopollenn Macle tp Peettine ond. celiuioc
ohrch h hley resistive.
olovelopd
otcctiom -Povde help an pollentube

Have scLLtptune

polnetron pcur m

.
In Go%. Piant too cett
siage
(( 1 veettue cell + 1 generotic ceL).

gn 40 plant [Link] occeer tn 3 cell Sia qe.

(1 veqetatuie cell tr male gomet).

-Oc Pollen allerq

ALlerg Ccuule

cums m0m
by PoLler 930tn cohen thihaled.
Specle catlse. Sevcie attevg'es
and bo omchitis ;asthna. r'e. frthenum

c3 fooc Supplemernti

ae'ch tmtCnt
Pollen

- follen qrins
Taben fm the o tablet and Sr.
df tncrccse the brCncs Athete and hores:

Pollen Bank:
Polten ui genom (n).
9t ts stoned at - |qG°c n uyceed Nhocn.
Loter usec
lbrce dmg tm plamts
 V'abcltty :
S
Polen
tto [Link] eln gcCnate
1he nart'y1(4)[Link].
to fol pollen .tube .
[cng Vlcill
Shl [Link] , Rosactae , legunoseal-mnutc).
Shert vitnblts
(30
Lohe at . 0day -

[Link] dependls e potevalth1g cnpeaerc .Spettes

nd Huntet.
StructUIe of Pistl

danding platfos - hollow - polen dibe fonung

fo [Link].
Style pass thacugh it ?

Ovay- basal
bulgec
Patt

consrstol
- (Peesed caupel)
Carpe Syncarps
[Link] Cva - Monocalpellar.
Two cour pel- B'ccrpellard Apocal plus

3. MuicCur pellaty. fiee capel)

Apocolpus eq:Michelta

+ Chamber t' 6vCuy kon os !ccucle

e
e
The nt ler
eg. hect
umer th 0ve
evtule
, fadd
vttt
,
t cvai
man g
may

mey be
ene

mcd
-

g. aya,atemelon , orchtdls.
 {shuctuwe of ovute.

Qvcte 'S also kmo) S

Meqa Sporngium.
Statk CCIm€et CvLuLe
to plccenta Miopyle:
funcle <
HcLu Oukert'ntcqumont
('nmér t'mtequment
Point o4
[Link] o Ncelles
Embrje Sa c

chaloza

Pig :- S+vuctuehe Anat rapsuus OvLLle.

ne ell { nLlcelttus acts as Megcspon mother ccli (.

Hegaspo0g€nesl
Any cell close to
-
ntcrcpyle act cs Meqaspore Mother ci

melosl's
4 hapiald mcgaspove
foTm

-out 4negnsponcs n le.

MdeveLop cspor'c evelepnent
the cund 3 degenercte
One

mitoss n mutosis
Fumctional
megosp Dr

strctlyon mdoss
41ucier
8nucle
6 times
CytoRimegi's
fem ale
tiametophyte.
 Cn Synerqicl cetilar tdc !he cnfr pollfil

fr:lln>INt Ann1tts
ih
ttbe.
Hrljodal cells(?)

Tolar
luclL

(1Jcentraleell
(lergest] synergels
(3)
ipparatis

fig- Embrjo Sac. ) topiy (t

(ntropyuénd
s kemale Gane
Sac. i lsono 3hutcttue.
tS -Cetled cnd S -nLLclecutccl

ccCLeh ed.
6- tt'inmes Cy to koest's

Pollination :
om anther to sttgma .
Traniper
On the bass
pollen
o!
9tclns
SoLUee Palienetbre
.
Tpes Pallhnoatior.

Se Poldinctlo r Cross Polle'mation.

Auctogan. xentagum

eito1.0gon (Poss'e ) .Xeg

Attogemd Ctonege

Bisexual Flooer lant

Swct Potato.
aie
lant -Cocout scaston
Un's exLCul

nisexLLcl
FlowCr buet bieual
ficnt Doit Peulh ,fe y betmogng

Fessibte
1. Atutogamy i

cths tiaseral fon nlhrr 3d

.(let

Cenditionfo toqay
iciney(anher natiuty and tne)
stitqnatCccpltvy.
Cn alld closc -tot r.
Clowcr.
cter'stoqameus ncl ChasmogamoLUs

Clost oe. CP7 Lotor.

NG folli'meto reqtt''te
SEccl Set cssUUIc.
anc XenogcLNL ocCue:
Cm tetogcunny ccctur

Both clei'Stojamauy
Commelina anol Chcsmw cmous
Cxalc
Vt'ala.

Geltonogam
The Hanter pollen g(u trom 2nHhe to sf-me
unoth€r fouo€r m scLme piat
Condition for tec' foo my
lant Brs€xLLcl

[Link]'ma tor itqusicel

> 9t us tunctionally Xenoqcvuy but [Link] ieatiye

Xernogani : actoJDy;

renser
dffercnt
polinn
plat s
gcths
Called
23e o tlgw
Ye1oge n
a
Condioms for xenogy'
b Speaes scmc but citiercnt plant

Ma%m vcu 'atroy.

thpay
 Pottcnatng Aqent
Biodic
Abcotic
1-Bird (osn'tophiy).
1. tw (Aneophily) [Link] (Cninptcrophily).
2. (
water Hyd iophly 3. 9nsect (Entemophil).
C. Animals.

6ottc clo 1 po.l Llicti'01 S. Ants.

Sncl
thet cibtalic (BLbti'c > Ablotic 6

Avon LPd
en abrott'c
beatce.-ho17c bce dlo maxtynu01,[Link]

Sma
Ond Pot'm ctton fcctine - nd prscnt l'n clstr.
,oclourless
floUer Soculel be Colouress
and Lt
2r0Llen Shaut ,m 0a0-ficP
-

and ererteel also [Link]

Stgmna - feathery

Style -Lonc exerteel

Monoovular Ovcuy

Eg Mauze ond Daie palm.

water Polnctuor
( faltthnation b uak).
> gae , Bnu0phyte
monO cot 30 QCnla
onel Ptelophtytt
Shoa wte pollenatio.
drn

Sn sone Plamts re agLetic bt polenatron ls

Tnsect
water wly and wcter Hyacinth,
exumplei
(n Hquatic Plont
twcter foll'matt'on

Unolertontct

(ephyeiophily) (ypouytropl'g)
Hydicia Zostcra (Sea qa Ss)
e- valisnen'a

b Mele pollen doat on

SUs face nc fale
fmrdo emeue D Rrbbc) sha pcc pollon

coveifng
. Br'otie

nsects
[Link]
Agnt
-
oeler and cetofu

Flies Bectle focel octei .

,
[Link].
he t'hbolvtc rhseets cic bettt cflees ,[Link]

, Rose Hl'stLs
C Sunfloucr

C cnireptcrophigly ).

targ€ sf7c floecr .

Sheng- ccloul

Mango AgCULc CLLauc Bcnntna

eg

t Bry
ocLos
ht col o

abSent
-
eHemmingbird
necto
cnd Sembrd
ber .

NectoYul

Bombax
l'z crc en daot.
er agen cLie LizrC Geeko
Lenyí.
Reuears foy Palllato
TO enSLL Cglulc. VIst |1Secr Some 1cuncreS

1:).£e'[Link] nectox nd [Link](y some)

ii): Space for eqg tayng
e
Amorphohallus
Yucca plemt
(to cth).

leervae moh come out bC he.

cevelop'
 that

1.
in esroy

Dbtitnf
cecsve

natint,
dinie
do (Harnfut

ad
Antihtr
tecet.

and stiyrna.
So tia.t [Link]

[Link]
CCNot Coe i)
athey
co3tcct ( t ga.
tlomd

3. m'sexua. Ciowr (Dcey) utogam butmot

ncl mazc auo.c
9eltonogan .
l plot ) avot'el both auctoqay
e9 fapya (tLM4'sex
and a etionaga

poclehfonn sane CntHherdo 3

eou'ch
4 Selt-nconpatiblty
resecteel. gt ts c gcnetrc ncchau'sm
0.t ~iloua cultognmy ane gettonogom
Artfut'al hy bridi's otion
:ctvL5
3t .5e pocess r'n tuhteh otl dcstecl [Link]
Ye Lsed fo [Link] ancl featcl'sctton.
n dwo sieps -
Hybcli's olion proceeds
1. Emas Culculiom.
2. Baggng'
EmasClatton :
1.
renmovccl from a
bUSEXUCl flooCr
Sn thi .the anther
beore Hhey ielecse [Link] grl
tnts paoce ss o

I€moycu antiner Lstng fone ceps 's e1ccLulctton.

mmaskecl by ba n
ths Str'gma Coveved s
CrdelSatio) . J 1~sertt~l
a
Flouer t's

be4onc nd r
floocr baghi- dome behore feoucr cpen
 ocerpt .
[Link]

t'hitenc

(Cienerat'ece)

Qanmcte

Cel
siCc Co.U oyh
3 -celled stacc -CeLled
PolLu'natto

rou Can PcLlen tuube l

ti tLe.
holo cr soL'd
be itnt
[Link] ei
ti'ssLLL
styte tran gntsson
3n -solL'cd
move ment
Iiscj Chemotropu'c

Pollen tube Eny c he s 7€rg tn

enC. LltC cne
9n Hiu the poLlen utle
cdegneralr ster inai
vegctau've mucleu

fuston male
c cnd fnale gemete s known
feitc'sction.

- one nale qcunmete feLse wth nuclcuol eagcete termeo

os SYNGAMY.
Another
Centrac
mcle
cell
yamete
ushuch
fLSe oth
eLtS co et ct,th
TAiple
FuLsi'on.
 Synga nd
4ipte fusron teqcther noon
Double ferti'sctten ohCch

gg
Angt'ospem

[Link] feto
CStelts .tn
the domat
1jtil ts [Link]
NeuClElts
.[PEN].
io1 gfe
Pr thary

Endospcm tnt('podal clegencralr

Snirgids and
fost ferti'saton events : matusafon
andembiyo developcnt. Þmal
an overcL t'nto fnt
n
ents cf endosper c

vLte to See
evets.
as post -ert(l'satiol
i
Endosperm Development devclopnent
eeecle embry t
Endo sperm develeopmenit tiplotd endospel
repcetely and 4onn
Tecelt dev'eles €nibyc.
tr'ssue defeod to developtng
pbtnvt
utth
[Link] fibstte

0tos ís > cytoknests

(frte nu c'ecat ) n(e1cletug
LsPEN
-frce ntclecrendosperm
Cocnut 0ater celleclor enclospen.
Lo hle edtble Pcl t

Embryogent
emyo clevtlofmtnt as smbryogeny
g ote gic Ite to o embrje und subs equently
The
to the 9lobulr heait -Shapecl and
vota end. the cio
Cnbayo develops et thhe
sitiatcel
toheve the zyy ete e's
 uir\(ntossCtpes

Protrmb

Hecurt-shapec
Cloblr
Mctuc embr
Enehg cotydelon

Note : Toctlal developent is sinilour ( m1010c o.t mc detol

Du'tot Em byo i
Tipo cpitotyle ) rlLnuele:
>levelo cotyledlonus

+ eplcofyle.(partof
ar'S
Em bvyeval
abov thc

on ypo yl.

cotyled
(1DLÜ'S.

( Aipoj hyeocaty).
Cct )
 (Scut ellton)
Cotylrlon

plunuk
colcoptile (scttocncl
epitatyle

2plhl2t (tcnat oty Teclo

)

Huporotyl
RoCle
toottap
çoleprthiza (Snoncl raciel).
CUmcl root Cc

Monocot Embyo.

Seecl - ([Link] 'sed evule)

o- Testa (cter)
tyPtal seed cmustst
eguumernf)/ STegm an (nno)
[Link] coat (develop om
embrjonl aa's
2.embs0 Cotytcclor. NOn-ACbum'nos
3.End0sp€rm buue»ots .
4. Persperm ( nucelLes persr'[Link] nt ).
e Black Pe pper
Sucar beet

AotLmtlnéLLs Secd:
Enclo sperm fs not cosumed comeletlg cli'ng ebiye
developnnet.
eg. MoYnocot (oheat me bale) nc casto.

No albunu'msus seed:
-

enclospenn 's co11 Suned eomplet cluut embry

ev elopnent
eg: Dfcot (pec glouncluet ).
 Advantoaqes seed :

Seec Potect the cmbuobo hash

comdtion.
b

b Pov ide 1cLi l'slhoycnt devclepg o

en}yo.
A Seec quicS var't'om.
ee to coh'ch sec
con be stonccl.

VIabc:l
The b'ty
Seed
of Seed
:to gerntnate
1oanc

+1)Phoenx dlac Fera (20ooYgns)

fou7d tyn deadl Sea.

i) Lepintus arct'et
t (toooc years).
Toel rc .

7 PoLne Aactte

Aome plant fsu contcLt o very -Lcge mber

S€cd
>Stti'g
+ Orobancheerarote
>Orche'd
pa). frL toal -Pertccp.
frcus (ooe

fsw't :- (ripened ovary )

Types fiuit :

Tsue Frit false fuit Pethenoc apic

develop from
ferteltatibn
ovary om'g
eamole : Excmples :
:
ExcLmpic
Mango Apple Bana
Shaoberry
cshe Such fieit ic
Seeclcss.
 fotuet
TUPe

1.
Simpdg
fit - Devclop fon 17Lltrert peli'

(O Cle shy fit

pellary
fet i-- Developfrom multtar
Apoclpus vag
K Aggreçate
excumpie i

Straoberry tto
Cstard Apple [Link]
fera axt's eets
Conpest
[Link]
Jack freit
te
:
fttt :-

Puneappie
Mucberrg
'nto laycr.
- Pericavp mot cv'srhle
1· pyfreitMLstcrd
s -
Pea
mut
(roundl
8uCh
nto l cujer anel
Ecl'ble.
Fleashyy frLtt - Pertccurp cle'visible

Can0
SLLch as - eng , eLav?.
ecLe'ble.

A PoMIXIS :
deveop tofHbotfericlisoctt'o. dlvtHe
3Seecl
9n Cp0n3ls Soe
cl-pletd Cell netCelltU

mtatcclly to form eibyo.

ovule deyelop into secd .
ncd

t
-
asex ucl
Apomtxu l
afon
hat' nmfmfe
s
Some q kasses hpAOdLLLetto
A stcra c eae Sexual teprodLCtion
Mang0
Cihus
 -ig

eett3 be
HYSeTD SEED :

.
[Link] d bpe1tt's
-fen me

dtes +e cost hn
me 'osrs So .hSP>Y'n9
ceutt
plat
eclutctt0
stnuicur to [Link]

seec
cm.
tnot
'sthe fonmti'om c.f

ft'Satio)
Eut ntCnocc pu 's he fo afion o ftctt (thoLt
fertilrScttom. Both ocrs se xeal cptcte