DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
COLLEGE OF E&ME, NUST, RAWALPINDI
Project Report
Three Channel DC Power Supply
SUBMITTED BY:
Muhammad Asim (407224)
Sanaullah Zubair (432044)
Hajra Jamal (416999)
DEGREE: 44-EE-C
LAB INSTRUCTOR: L.E SIR AZMAT
Three Channel DC Power Supply
pg. 1
Objective:
Design and construct a three-channel DC power supply.
Input Specifications:
Voltage: 220 Vrms
Frequency: 50 Hz
Output Specifications:
Variable Channel:
Voltage: 1.5 to 24V
Current: 1A
Fixed Channel 1:
Voltage: +5V
Current: 0.5A
Fixed Channel 2:
Voltage: -12V
Current: 0.5A
Performance Criteria:
Ripple Voltage:
The peak-to-peak ripple voltage at the filter capacitor should be 20% of the
transformer's secondary peak voltage.
Voltage Regulation:
Maintain the output voltage within ±5%.
Efficiency:
Aim for an efficiency of 70% to 80% for a linear regulated power supply.
INTRODUCTION
pg. 2
Power supply units are fundamental in the ever-evolving field of electrical
engineering, serving as the backbone of numerous electronic systems. We have
been tasked with designing and developing a versatile power supply that features
three channels: a fixed +5V channel, a fixed -12V channel, and a variable channel
capable of delivering voltages from 1.5V to 24V. The objective of this project is to
create a reliable, efficient, and compact power supply that can deliver 0.5A of
continuous current for each fixed channel and 1A for the variable channel, ensuring
optimal performance and versatility for various applications. This report provides a
comprehensive overview of the design process, component selection, circuit
implementation, and performance evaluation of the three-channel power supply.
BLOCK DIAGRAM
Here is a short description of each block in the diagram:
1. Transformer:
The transformer steps down the high AC mains voltage to a lower
AC voltage suitable for the power supply. It also provides isolation between the
high voltage AC mains and the low voltage output.
2. Diode Rectifier:
The diode rectifier converts the AC voltage from the transformer
into a pulsating DC voltage. This is achieved using diodes arranged in a bridge
configuration.
3. Filter:
pg. 3
The filter smooths the pulsating DC voltage from the rectifier, reducing
the ripple. Typically, a capacitor is used for filtering, which stores charge and
releases it to smooth out the variations.
4. Voltage Regulator:
The voltage regulator stabilizes the smoothed DC voltage to a
constant level, providing a steady output voltage regardless of variations in input
voltage or load conditions. It ensures that the output voltage is within the desired
range.
5. Load:
The load represents the device or circuit that is powered by the regulated
DC voltage. It draws the necessary current and utilizes the voltage provided by the
power supply.
WORKING
For the variable voltage channel (1.5V to 24V):
We used a step-down transformer to reduce the AC mains voltage to a lower
AC voltage.
The AC voltage is rectified using a bridge rectifier to obtain DC voltage.
The rectified DC is smoothed using a 4700 µF capacitor.
An LM317 voltage regulator is used to provide a variable output voltage,
adjusted with a potentiometer.
For the fixed +5V channel:
The AC voltage is rectified using a bridge rectifier.
The rectified DC is smoothed using a 4700 µF capacitor.
A custom voltage regulator circuit is designed using discrete components,
since a fixed regulator IC cannot be used:
A Zener diode sets the reference voltage.
BJTs (TIP11C) are used for current amplification.
For the fixed -12V channel:
pg. 4
A center-tapped transformer is used, with the center tap grounded to create a
reference point.
The AC voltage is rectified using a bridge rectifier.
The rectified DC is smoothed using a 4700 µF capacitor.
A negative voltage regulator is designed using:
A Zener diode to set the -12V reference.
PNP BJTs (TIP32C) for current amplification.
COMPONENTS
Here is the list of components used:
1.5V-24V Variable Voltage Channel:
Bridge Rectifier IC
4700 µF, 10 µF Capacitor
Voltage Regulator (LM317T)
24Ω, 240Ω, 15kΩ Resistor
5k-ohm Potentiometer
5V Fixed Voltage Channel:
Bridge Rectifier IC
4700 µF Capacitor
10 Ω, 1kΩ (2) Resistor
5.6V Zener Diode
TIP31C BJT
-12V Fixed Voltage Channel:
Bridge Rectifier IC
4700 µF Capacitor
330 Ω (2), 1kΩ Resistor
12V Zener Diode
pg. 5
TIP32C BJT
PROTEUS SIMULATION
PCB SIMULATION
pg. 6
PCB DESIGN
COMPLETE CIRCUIT DESIGN
pg. 7
CALCULATIONS
DC value (V dc )
Load Resistor Rated Current
Theoretical Value
Measured Value
Simulation Value
pg. 8
AC value(V rms )
Load Resistor Rated Current
Theoretical Value
Measured Value
Simulation Value
Ripple Factor(RF)
Load Resistor Rated Current
Theoretical Value
Measured Value
Simulation Value
Efficiency (%)
Load Resistor Rated Current
Theoretical Value
Measured Value
Simulation Value
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, our Three-Channel Power Supply project successfully provides
three distinct outputs with precise voltage and current specifications. The custom-
designed voltage regulators for the fixed channels and the variable channel ensure
stable and reliable performance. This project has showcased our expertise in
electronic circuit design and offered valuable learning experiences in the field.
pg. 9