Inverse Trigonometric Functions

Inverse Trigonometric Functions

SOLUTIONS
Inverse Trigonometric Functions : RACE-01
1. Ans. (C)
 and  are roots of 6𝑥 2 + 11𝑥 + 3 = 0
 6𝑥 2 + 9𝑥 + 2𝑥 + 3 = 0  3𝑥(2𝑥 + 3) + 1(2𝑥 + 3) = 0
3 1
 (2𝑥 + 3)(3𝑥 + 1) = 0  x = − , −
2 3
3 1
Let = − , = −
2 3
Hence, both cot 𝛼 and cot −1 𝛽 exist.
1

2. Ans. (P→ 2; Q → 1 ; R → 4 ; S → 3)
 3x − 1 
(P) f ( x ) = 1 − 2 x + 3sin −1  
 2 
Here,
3x − 1
1 − 2𝑥 ≥ 0 and  −1,1
2
3x − 1
∴ 2𝑥 ≤ 1 −1  1
2
1
∴ x −2 ≤ 3𝑥 − 1 ≤ 2
2
−1 ≤ 3𝑥 ≤ 3
1
−  x 1
3
 1 1
So, Domain:  − , 
 3 2
−1 1
(Q) f ( x ) = 2sin x
+
x −2
Here, 𝑥 ∈ [−1, 1] and 𝑥 > 2
So, Domain: ∅ [∵ No common values of 𝑥 satisfying both conditions]
2x 2x
(R) f ( x ) = arc cos = cos−1
1+ x 1+ x
2x
Here, −1  1
1+ x
Case-I: If 𝑥 > −1 ;
−1 − 𝑥 ≤ 2𝑥 ≤ 1 + 𝑥
−1 − 𝑥 ≤ 2𝑥 and 2𝑥 ≤ 1 + 𝑥
∴ −1 ≤ 3𝑥 and 𝑥 ≤ 1
 1 
So, x   − ,1
 3 

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Case-II: If 𝑥 < −1
−1 − 𝑥 ≥ 2𝑥 ≥ 1 + 𝑥 [∵ 1 + 𝑥 < 0]
−1 − 𝑥 ≥ 2𝑥 and 2𝑥 ≥ 1 + 𝑥
∴ −1 ≥ 3𝑥 𝑥≥1
1
∴ x−
3
No value of 𝑥 possible
 1 
Hence, Domain of 𝑓:  − ,1
 3 
1 + x2
(S) f ( x) = cos(sin x) + sin−1
2x
 1 + x2  1 + x2
 for sin−1   to be defined ; −1  1
 2x  2x
Case-I: 𝑥 > 0
 −2𝑥 ≤ 1 + 𝑥 2 ≤ 2𝑥
 −2𝑥 ≤ 1 + 𝑥 2 and 1 + 𝑥 2 ≤ 2𝑥
0 ≤ 1 + 2𝑥 + 𝑥 2 and 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 1 ≤ 0
0 ≤ (1 + 𝑥)2 and (1 − 𝑥)2 ≤ 0
𝑥 ∈ 𝑅 and 𝑥 ∈ {1}
∴ 𝑥 ∈ {1}
Case-II: 𝑥 < 0
 −2𝑥 ≥ 1 + 𝑥 2 ≥ 2𝑥[∵ 2𝑥 < 0]
 −2𝑥 ≥ 1 + 𝑥 2 and1 + 𝑥 2 ≥ 2𝑥
0 ≥ 1 + 2𝑥 + 𝑥 2 and 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 1 ≥ 0
0 ≥ (1 + 𝑥)2 and (1 − 𝑥)2 ≥ 0
𝑥 ∈ {−1} and 𝑥 ∈ ℝ
∴ 𝑥 ∈ {−1}
 1 + x2 
for all 𝑥 ∈ {−1, 1} ; sin −1   is defined.
 2x 
So, domain of 𝑓: {−1, 1}
3. Ans. (P → 3; Q → 4; R → 1; S → 2)
 x −3 
(P) f ( x ) = sin −1   − log 10 ( 4 − x )
 2 
do define both functions;
x −3
−1   1 and 4−𝑥 >0
2
−2 ≤ 𝑥 − 3 ≤ 2𝑥 < 4
1≤𝑥≤5
∴ Domain: 𝑥 ∈ [1, 4)

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Inverse Trigonometric Functions
1 − sin x
(Q) f ( x) = + cos−1 (1 − { x})
(
log5 1 − 4 x 2
)
to define: 1 − sin x ; 1 − sin 𝑥 ≥ 0
sin 𝑥 ≤ 1
∴𝑥∈𝑅
to define: log 5 (1 − 4𝑥 2 ) ; 1 − 4𝑥 2 > 0
 4𝑥 2 < 1
1
 x2 
4
 1 1
∴ x  − , 
 2 2
Also, 1 − 4𝑥 2 ≠ 1
∴𝑥≠0
 1 1
 x   − ,  − {0}
 2 2
to define; cos−1(1 − {𝑥}); −1 ≤ 1 − {𝑥} ≤ 1
 −2 ≤ −{𝑥} ≤ 0
 2 ≥ {𝑥} ≥ 0
∴ 𝑥∈𝑅
 1 1
∴ Domain of 𝑓: x   − ,  − {0}
 2 2
 3 − 2x 
f ( x ) = 3 − x + cos −1   + log 6 ( 2 x − 3) + sin ( log 2 x )
−1
(R)
 5 
→ to define 3 − x ; 3−𝑥 ≥0
∴ 𝑥≤3
 3 − 2x  3 − 2x
→ to define cos −1   ; −1  1
 5  5
−5 ≤ 3 − 2𝑥 ≤ 5
−8 ≤ −2𝑥 ≤ 2
∴ 4 ≥ 𝑥 ≥ −1
→ to define log 6 (2|𝑥| − 3) ; 2|𝑥| − 3 > 0
2|𝑥| > 3
3
x
2
3 3
∴ x  or x  −
2 2
→ to define sin−1(log 2 𝑥) ; −1 ≤ log 2 𝑥 ≤ 1
2−1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 21
1
∴  x 2
2
3 
∴ Domain of 𝑓:  ,2
2 

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 x
x 
( )
sin−1  
(S) f ( x) = e  2
+ tan −1  − 1 + ln x − [ x]
2 
 x
sin−1   x
to define: e  2
; −1  1
2
∴ −2 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2
x 
to define: tan −1  − 1 ; 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅
2 
to define: ln ( )
x − [ x] ; x − [ x]  0

𝑥 − [𝑥] > 0
𝑥 > [𝑥]
∴ 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅 − {𝑘; 𝑘 is an integer}
∴ Domain of 𝑓: (−2, 2) − {−1, 0, 1}
4. Ans. (P → 4; Q → 3; R → 2; S → 1)
(P) 𝑓(𝑥) = ln(sin−1 𝑥)
−
  sin −1 x 
2 2
But input of ln should be positive.
 
So, 0  sin −1 x   −  ln(sin −1 x )  ln  
2 2
  
Range of f ( x ) =  − ,ln  
  2 
 3x2 + 1 
(Q) f ( x ) = sin −1  
 5x2 + 1 
 
5𝑥 2 + 1 is always ≥ √3𝑥 2 + 1
3x2 + 1
So, 0  1
5x2 + 1
 3x2 + 1 
0  sin −1  
 5x2 + 1  2
 
 
Range of f ( x ) =  0, 
 2
 ( x − 1)( x + 5) 
(R) f ( x ) = cos −1  
 x( x − 2)( x − 3) 
( x − 1)( x + 5)
Range of is 𝑅.
x( x − 2)( x − 3)
( x − 1)( x + 5)
So, can take all real values in [−1, 1].
x( x − 2)( x − 3)
 Range of 𝑓(𝑥) = [0, 𝜋]

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(S) 𝑓(𝑥) = sin−1 𝑥 + tan−1 𝑥 + sec −1 𝑥
First find domain of 𝑓(𝑥)
Domain of sin−1 𝑥 be 𝐷1  −1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1
Domain of tan−1 𝑥 be 𝐷2  𝑥 ∈ 𝑅
Domain of sec −1 𝑥 be 𝐷3  |𝑥| ≥ 1
Domain of 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝐷1 ∩ 𝐷2 ∩ 𝐷3
Domain of 𝑓(𝑥)  {−1, 1}
3 
Range of f ( x )   , 
 4 4
5. Ans. (1526)
sin−1 𝑥 + sin−1 𝑦 = 𝜋

−  sin −1 x  and −  sin −1 y 

2 2 2 2

sin−1 𝑥 + sin−1 𝑦 = 𝜋 is possible only if sin −1 x = and sin −1 y =

2 2
𝑥=𝑦=1
𝑥 = 𝑘𝑦 ⇒ 𝑘 = 1
392𝑘 + 5𝑘 = 392 + 51
= 1521 + 5
= 1526
6. Ans. a[−2 , ] − {0}

( )
−1
2cos−1 x = a + a2 cos−1 x

Let cos−1 x = t [ t  ( 0, ]
a2
2t = a +
t
 2t 2 − at − a2 = 0
 a
  t +  (t − a ) = 0
 2
a
 t = − or 𝑡 = 𝑎
2
if t  ( o , 
a
 t =− or 𝑡 = 𝑎
2
 𝑎 ∈ [−2𝜋, 0) or 𝑎 ∈ (0, 𝜋]
a −2 ,  − 0

7. Ans. (i) 𝑛  n + 1  (ii) 2𝑛

 2 
n
(i)  cos
i =1
−1
 i = 0  cos–1i = 0  i = 1

 i·  i = 1 + 2 + 3 + ....... + 𝑛 = 𝑛  n + 1 
i =1  2 

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2n
 
(ii)  sin
i =1
–1
xi = n we know that –
2
 sin–1 𝑥 i 
2

equality holds good only when sin–1 𝑥 i =  𝑖 = 1, 2, 3......2𝑛
2
2n
 𝑥i = 1  i = 1, 2, 3, ...., 2𝑛  x
i =1
i = 2n

Inverse Trigonometric Functions : RACE-02

1. Ans. (C)
 33   46   13    19  
sin −1  sin  + cos −1  cos  + tan −1  − tan  + cot −1  cot  − 
 7   7   8    8 
  2    3    3    3 
= sin −1  sin  5 −   + cos −1  cos  7 −   − tan −1  tan  2 −   + cot −1  − cot  2 +  
  7    7    8    8 
 2  −1  3  −1  3  −1  3 
= sin −1  sin  + cos  − cos 7  − tan  − tan 8  + cot  − cot 8 
 7       
2   3  −1  3   −1  3 
= +  − cos−1  cos   + tan  tan 8  +  − cot  cot 8 
7   7      
2 3 3 3
= + − + + − =2 −
7 7 8 8 7
13
=
7
2. Ans. (C)
 
tan   = 1
4
 3
 sin−1 (1) − sin −1  =
 x  6
 
 3
 − sin −1  =
2  x  6
 
 3
 sin−1  =
 x  3
 
3 3
 = 𝑥 =4
x 2
3. Ans. (D)
x0 = sin −1 x + cos−1 x − tan −1 x
Domain will be [0,1]

sin −1 x + cos−1 x = x −1,1
2
 
 tan −1 x  0,  x0,1
 4

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  
  =  − 0, − 
2 2 4
 
  , 
4 2
4. Ans. (C)
x3 + 3x − tan2 = 0
f ' ( x ) = 3x2 + 3
f '( x )  0
𝑓(𝑥) is increasing
𝑥 → ∞, 𝑓(𝑥) → ∞
𝑥 → −∞, 𝑓(𝑥) → −∞
Hence, 𝛼 is negative
 f (0) = − tan2  0 (tan 2 is in second quadrant)
1
 cot −1 + cot −1   −
  2

 cot −1 ( )+ + tan −1 ( )−
2

 ( cot −1 + tan −1 )+ −
2

 + − =
2 2
5. Ans. (A)
sin−1(cos sin−1 𝑥)) + cos−1(sin cos −1 𝑥)

2
( (  
 2
)) ( ( 
=  − cos −1 cos sin −1 x  +  − sin −1 sin cos −1 x 

))
   
=  − sin −1 x  +  − cos −1 x 
2  2 
= cos−1 𝑥 + sin−1 𝑥

=
2
6. Ans. (A)

  sin(cos−1 x) + cos(sin−1 x)  

sec tan−1  −1 −1 

  cos(cos x) + sin(sin x)   
If 0 < 𝑥 < 1
sin(𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑥) = 𝑥
cos(𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 𝑥) = 𝑥
For 0 < 𝑥 < 1
sin(𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 𝑥) = √1 − 𝑥 2
cos(sin−1 𝑥) = √1 − 𝑥 2

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 2 1 − x2 
 sec tan −1  
 2x 
 
ඥ1 − 𝑥 2 1
 1− x  2
 sec tan −1  
 x 
  𝜃
 1− x  2
1 − x2 𝑥
tan −1  =  tan  = using triangle rule
 x  x

1 1
 sec  =   = sec −1  
x  x
Converting tan  into sec −1
−1

 1 1 1
 sec  sec −1   f ( x ) =  f   = r
 x x r
r =10
1 r =10 10 (10 + 1 )

r =1
f  = r =
 r  r =2 2
− 1 = 54

7. Ans. (A,B,C,D)
 1 − x2 
(A) y = tan  tan −1 
 x 
 
1 − x2 1 − x2
y= and y =
x x
D1 =  −1,1 − 0 ; D2 =  −1,1 − 0
Identical function
(B) (
y = tan cot −1 x )
 1
y = tan  tan −1 
 x
1 1
y = and y =
x x
D1 = R − 0 and D2 = R − 0
(C) (
y = sin tan−1 x )
 x 
y = sin  sin −1 
 1 + x2 
x x
y= and y =
1 + x2 1 + x2
D1 = R and D2 = R
(D) (
y = cos tan−1 x )
 1 
= cos  cos −1

2 
1+ x 
(
and y = sin cot −1 x )
1 1
= y=
1+ x 2
1 + x2
D1 = R D2 = R
All pairs are identical function.

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8. Ans. (B,C,D)
𝑓 : [–1, 1] → [–1, 1]
(A) 𝑓(𝑥) = sin (sin–1 𝑥) = 𝑥, 𝑥  [–1, 1] Bijective function 𝑦  [–1, 1]
2 2
(B) 𝑓(𝑥) = sin–1 (sin 𝑥) = , 𝑥  [–1, 1]
 
 –2 2 
Not bijective 𝑦   , 
  
(C) 𝑓(𝑥) (sgn 𝑥) (𝑛 𝑒x)

 x , x(0,1]

= 0 , x =0
– x , x[–1,0)

Not bijective
(D) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 sgn 𝑥
 x3 , x 0

= 0 , x =0
– x3 , x 0

Not bijective
9. Ans. (A,C)
If 𝑎 > 0 then
  1 
(
sin  tan −1 ( a ) + tan −1    = sin tan−1 ( a ) + cot −1 ( a )
 a 
)

 
= sin   = 1
2
If 𝑎 < 0 then
  1 
(
sin  tan −1 ( a ) + tan −1    = sin tan−1 ( a ) + + cot −1 ( a )
 a 
)

  3 
= sin  +  = sin   = –1
2   2 
10. Ans. (P → 2; Q → 1; R → 4; S → 3)
(P) cos −1 cos10
𝑦

𝑥
−4𝜋 −3𝜋 −2𝜋 −𝜋 𝑂 𝜋 2𝜋 3𝜋10 4𝜋

𝑦 = 4𝜋 − 10

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(Q) tan−1 tan ( −6)
y

𝑦=2+𝑥

–6 𝑥
–2π –𝜋 𝜋 0 𝜋 𝜋 2𝜋
–
2 2

𝑦 = 2 – 6

(R) cot −1 ( cot ( −8 ) )

𝑦

−𝜋 𝑥
−4𝜋 −3𝜋 −2𝜋 𝑂 𝜋 2𝜋 3𝜋 4𝜋

𝑐𝑜𝑡 −1 cot(−8) = 3𝜋 − 8

 1  9 9 
(S) cos −1   cos 10 − sin 10  
 2 
 9 9 
= cos −1  cos cos − sin sin 
 4 10 4 10 
  9   46 
= cos−1  cos  +    cos −1 cos  
  4 10    40 
 23 
= cos −1 cos  
 20 
𝑦
𝜋 𝑦 = 2𝜋 − 𝑥
23𝜋
20

𝑥
−3𝜋 −2𝜋 −𝜋 𝑂 𝜋 2𝜋 3𝜋 4𝜋

 23  23 17
= cos−1   = 2 − 20 = 20
 20 

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Inverse Trigonometric Functions : RACE-03
1. Ans. (B)
 x 5
sin −1   + cos ec −1   =
5 4 2
 x 3  −1  3  −1  5  
 sin −1   + cos −1   = cos  5  = cosec  4  
5 5 2     
 x 3 3
 sin −1   = − cos −1   = sin −1  
5 2 5 5
𝑥=3
2. Ans. (B)
1
sin −1 x + cot −1   =
2 2
 1   −1  1  −1  1  
 sin −1 x + cos −1  = cos   = cot   
 5 2   5  2 
1
 x=
5
3. Ans. (B)
 3 3 3
cot  sin −1 + sin −1 + cos −1 
 5 5 5
 3  −1 
= cot  + sin −1  −1
sin x + cos x = 
2 5  2
 3
= − tan  sin −1 
 5
  3   −1 x 
= − tan  tan −1    sin x = tan
−1

  4   1 − x2 
3
=−
4
4. Ans. (B)
x −1 2x − 1 23
tan −1 + tan −1 = tan −1
x +1 2x + 1 36
 1− x   1 − 2x   23 
 − tan −1   − tan −1   = tan −1  
 1+ x   1 + 2x   36 
     23 
 −  − tan −1 x  −  − tan −1 2x  = tan −1  
4  4   36 
23
 − + tan −1 x + tan −1 2x = tan −1
2 36
 23 
 tan ( tan −1 x + tan −1 2 x ) = tan  + tan −1 
2 36 
x + 2x 36
 =−
1 − x.2x 23

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 JEE (Main + Advanced) : Mathematics
 69𝑥 = −36 + 72𝑥 2
 72x2 − 69 x − 36 = 0
4 −3
 x= ,
3 8
5. Ans. (C)
𝐴+𝐵+𝐶 =𝜋
1 1  1 
 tan −1   + tan −1  + 2k  + tan −1  + k  =
2
   2   2 
 1 1 
 + k + + 2k 
1 2 2
 tan −1   + tan −1  =
2  1  1 
 1 −  2 + k  2 + 2k  
   
 
1
−1 −1
 1 + 3k 
 tan   + tan  =
2 1 k
 1 − − − k − 2k 
2

 4 2 
 
1
−1 −1
 3k + 1 
 tan   + tan  =
2 3 3k
 − − 2k 
2

4 2 
 12k + 4  1  −1  1  −1  1  
 tan −1  2 
=  − tan −1    − tan   = cot   
 3 − 6k − 8k  2 2 2  2
 12k + 4   1
 tan −1  2 
= + cot −1  
 3 − 6k − 8k  2 2
 12k + 4  
 tan −1  2 
= − tan −1 ( −2)
 3 − 6 k − 8 k  2
 12k + 4   1
 tan −1  2 
= tan −1  − 
 3 − 6k − 8k   2
 24𝑘 + 8 = 8𝑘 2 + 6𝑘 − 3
 8𝑘 2 − 18𝑘 − 11 = 0
 2𝑘(4𝑘 − 11) + (4𝑘 − 11) = 0
−1 11
 k= , k=
2 4
6. Ans. (B)
x 1 
f ( x ) = cos −1 ( x ) + cos −1  + 3 − 3x2 
2 2 
Put x = cos
1 1
 f ( x ) = cos−1 ( cos ) + cos−1  cos − 3 1 − cos2


 2 2 

 f ( x ) = cos −1 ( cos ) + tan −1  cos 

cos + sin sin 
 3 3 

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Inverse Trigonometric Functions

  
 f ( x ) = + cos−1  cos  −  
 3 

= + −
3
=
3
7. Ans. (A,B)
Let find range of y = ( sin −1 x ) + ( cos−1 x )
3 3

 y = ( sin −1 x + cos −1 x ) ( sin −1 x + cos −1 x ) − 3sin −1 x cos −1 x 

2

 
 2   −1
 y=  −3  2 −   ; = sin x
2 4  
 2    
 y =  +3  − 2  ;  − 2 , 2 
2 4    
 2    𝑦
y=  +3 f ( ) ; f ( ) =  − 2 𝜋2
2 4   
2
 2   7 3
3
y=  +3 f ( )   , 𝜋
2 4   32 8  4
𝑥
 3 7 3 𝜋 𝜋
Then y = 2
 3
 ,  −
2
 32 8  2
 1 7 𝜋2
  ,  −
16
 32 8  𝜋2 𝜋2
𝑓(𝜃) ∈ ቈ− , ቉
1 16 2
Hence 𝛼 can be less than or it can be greater
32
7
than for no roots
8
8. Ans. (A,B,C,D)
cos−1 x −1  x  0
B
Let cos−1 x =  x = cos =
H
 
− 1  x  0   , 
2 
B = x , H = 1, P = 1 − x2
H 1 1
sec = =  = sec −1
B x x
P 1 − x2 1 − x2
tan = =  = + tan −1
B x x
B x x
cot = =  = cot −1
P 1− x 2
1 − x2
P 1 − x2
sin = =  = − sin −1 1 − x2
H 1

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 JEE (Main + Advanced) : Mathematics
9. Ans. (A,C)
 y   3 
tan −1 x + cos −1   = sin −1  
 1 + y2   10 
 
 tan −1 x + cot −1 y = tan −1 (3)
 cot −1 ( y ) = tan −1 (3) − tan −1 ( x )
 3− x 
 cot −1 ( y ) = tan −1  
 1 + 3x 
1  3− x 
 tan −1   = tan −1  
 y  1 + 3x 
1  3− x 
 =
y  1 + 3x 
 (1 + 3x ) = 3 y − xy
 xy + 1 + 3x − 3 y = 0
Clearly (A) and (C) satisfies above equation
10. Ans. (P → 3; Q → 4; R → 1 ; S → 2)

(P) ( )
Using sin −1 x + sin −1 y = sin −1 x 1 − y2 + y 1 − x2 , x , y  0, x 2 + y 2  1

3  8 
sin −1   + sin −1  
5  17 
3 64 8 9   9 64 
= sin−1  1 − + 1−   +  1
5 289 17 25   25 289 

 3 15 8 4 
= sin −1  . + . 
 5 17 17 5 
 45 + 32   77 
= sin −1   = sin −1  
 85   85 
3 5
(Q) tan −1 + sin −1
4 13
3  5 
= sin −1   + sin −1  
5  13 

( )
Using sin −1 x + sin −1 y = sin −1 x 1 − y2 + y 1 − x2 , x , y  0, x 2 + y 2  1

3 25 9 5
= sin−1  1 − + 1− 
5 169 25 13 

 3 12 4 5 
= sin −1  . + . 
 5 13 5 13 
 56   33 
= sin −1   = cos −1  
 65   65 
 sin −1 x = cos −1 ( 1 − x2 )
[ 230 ]
Inverse Trigonometric Functions
  1  −1 
(R) 2 sin −1   + cot 3
  5 
  1  −1  1  
= 2 sin−1   + sin  
  5  10  

( )
Using sin −1 x + sin −1 y = sin −1 x 1 − y2 + y 1 − x2 , x , y  0, x 2 + y 2  1

  1 3 1 2 
= 2 sin −1   +  
  5 10 10 5 
 5 
= 2sin −1  
 50 
 1 
= 2sin −1  =
 2 2
1 1 1 1
(S) tan −1   + tan −1   + tan −1   + tan −1  
3 5 7 8
 1 1   1 1 
 3+5 
−1 −1
 7+8 
= tan   + tan  
 1 − 1 . 1   1 − 1 . 1 
 3 5  7 8
  x+ y  
 tan −1 x + tan −1 y = tan −1   , x , y  0, xy  1 
  1 − xy  
 8   15 
   
= tan −1  15  + tan −1  56 
 14   55 
 15   56 
4  3   x+ y  
= tan −1   + tan −1    tan −1 x + tan −1 y = tan −1   , x , y  0, xy  1 
7  11    1 − xy  
 4 3   65 
−1
 7 + 11  
−1 77
 −1
= tan   = tan   = tan (1) =
4 3 65 4
 1 − .   
 7 11   77 

Inverse Trigonometric Functions : RACE-04

1. Ans. (B)
(cos x ) − (sin x )  0
2 2
−1 −1

(cos x + sin x )(cos x − sin x )  0

−1 −1 −1 −1

2
( )
cos−1 x − sin −1 x  0  cos−1 x − sin −1 x  0

 cos−1 x  sin −1 x
cos−1 x + cos−1 x  sin −1 x + cos−1 x

2cos −1 x 
2

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 JEE (Main + Advanced) : Mathematics

cos −1 x 
4
We need graph of

y = cos−1 x above the line y = y=
4 4
 1 
 x   −1,  1
 2 –1 1
2
2. Ans. (B)
  2x2 + 4  
sin−1  sin  2    −3
  1+ x 
  2 
sin −1  sin  2 + 2 
 −3
  1+ x 
Take sin both sides,
   2x2 + 4   
sin  sin −1  sin  2     sin( − 3)

   1+ x 
 2x2 + 4 
sin  2 
 sin( − 3)
 1+ x 
Take sin–1 both sides,
  2 
sin −1  sin  2 + 2 
 sin −1 ( sin( − 3))
  1+ x 
2  2x2 + 4 
2+  ( 2,4  − 2 
 −3
1 + x2  1+ x 
2x2 + 4
  3  2𝑥 2 + 4 > 3 + 3𝑥 2
1+ x 2

 – 𝑥 2 > −1  𝑥 2 < 1
 x( −1,1)
3. Ans. (A)

cot −1 ( ) (
4 − x2 + cos−1 x2 − 5 = ) 3
2
4 − x2 is  0 wherever defined.

 cot −1 ( )  
4 − x2   0, 
 2
cos−1 ( x2 − 5)0, 
For equality to occur,

cot −1 ( )
4 − x2 =
2
(
and cos−1 x2 − 5 = )
4 − x2 = 0 𝑥 2 − 5 = −1
 x = 2  x = 2
Number of solutions = 2

[ 232 ]
Inverse Trigonometric Functions
4. Ans. (B)
For x( −1,1) we have
 2x 
f ( x ) = tan −1  2 
1− x 
Put 𝑥 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃
 2tan 
 f ( x ) = tan −1  
 1 − tan 
2

 f ( x ) = tan−1 ( tan2 )
 f ( x ) = 2tan−1 ( x )
 
 𝐵 set will be  − , 
 2 2
5. Ans. (C)
 2x 
 x+ 
 tan −1 ( y ) = tan −1  1− x 
2

  2x  
 1 − x  1 − x2  
  
 x − x3 + 2 x 
 tan −1 ( y ) = tan −1  2 
 1 − x − 2x 
2

 3 x − x3 
 tan −1 ( y ) = tan −1  2 
 1 − 3x 
3 x − x3
y=
1 − 3x2
6. Ans. (B)

1  2x  1 −1  1 − y  
2

tan  sin−1  2 
+ cos  2 
;𝑥 > 𝑦 >1

 2  1 + x  2  1 + y  

𝜋 𝜋
Let 𝑥 = tan𝛼, 𝑦 = tan𝛽; > 𝛼 > 𝛽 >
2 4
 2x   2tan x   
sin −1  2 
= sin −1   = sin −1 ( sin2 ) = − 2  2  
1+ x   1 + tan 
2
 2
 1 − y2  −1  1 − tan
2
  
& cos−1  2 
= cos  2 
= cos−1 ( cos2 ) =2  2  
 1+ y   1 + tan   2
Given expression converts to
 
tan  − + 
2 
= cot ( − )
1
=
tan( − )
1 + tan tan 1 + xy
= =
tan − tan x− y

[ 233 ]
 JEE (Main + Advanced) : Mathematics
7. Ans. (C)

(cot x ) ( )
2
−1
− 7 cot −1 x + 10  0

 ( cot −1 x ) − 2 ( cot −1 x ) − 5 ( cot −1 x ) + 10  0

2

𝑦=𝜋
(
 cot −1 x − 2 cot −1 x − 5  0 )( )
𝑦=2
 cot −1 x  2 or cot −1 x  5
We need graph of y = cot −1 x below 𝑦 = 2
(cot 2,0) O
 x( cot 2, )
cot −1 x  5 is not possible because
cot x (0,
−1
) x  R.
 1 
8. Ans.  tan , cot 1 
 2  y=
2

( )
2
4 tan −1 x − 8tan −1 x + 3  0 3 1
y= y=
2 2
( )
2
4 tan −1 x − 2tan −1 x − 6tan −1 x + 3  0

(2tan −1
x )(2tan x − 1) − 3(2tan −1 −1
)
x −1  0

(2tan −1
x − 3)(2tan x − 1)  0 −1

1  2tan −1 x  3
1 3
 tan −1 x 
2 2
1 3
tan    x  tan   …(1)
2 2
𝑦=𝜋
( ) ( )
2
4 cot −1 x − cot −1 x − 3  0

(cot x ) − 4cot
2
−1 −1
x +3 0

(cot x − 1)(cot
−1 −1
x −3  0 )
1  cot −1 x  3
cot 3  x  cot 1 …(2)
(1)  (2)
 1 
x   tan   ,cot 1
 2 

[ 234 ]
Inverse Trigonometric Functions
Inverse Trigonometric Functions : RACE-05
1. Ans. (A)
 1   1  1
tan −1   + tan −1
  + tan −1  

 1+ x + x 
2
 1 + x + 3x + 2

2

 ( )
 1 + x + 5x + 6 
2

 1   1   1 
 tan −1   + tan−1   + tan−1  + ......... upto n terms
 1 + x ( x + 1)   1 + ( x + 1)( x + 2)   1 + ( x + 2)( x + 3) 
     
 x +1− x   ( x + 2) − ( x + 1 )   ( x + 3) − ( x + 2) 
 tan −1  + tan−1  + tan−1  + .......... upto n terms
 1 + x ( x + 1)   1 + ( x + 1)( x + 2)   1 + ( x + 3)( x + 2) 
     
 tan −1 ( x + 1) − tan −1 x + tan −1 ( x + 2) − tan −1 ( x + 1) + tan −1 ( x + 3) − tan −1 ( x + 2)

+...........tan−1 ( x + n) − tan−1( x + n − 1)

(Using tan −1
( a − b ) = tan−1 a − tan−1 b )
1 + ab
 tan ( x + n ) − tan−1 ( x )
−1

2. Ans. (C)
1 2 2n −1
tan−1 + tan−1 + .... + tan−1
3 9 1 + 22n −1
r =n
 2r −1 
  tan −1  2 r −1 
r =1  1+2 
r =n  2r − 2r −1 
  tan −1
  2r − 2r −1 = 2r −1 (2 − 1) = 2r −1 
r =1  1 + 2r 2r −1
 ( ) 

−1 a − b 
r =n
 −1
  tan (2 ) − tan (2 )
r =1
−1 r −1 r −1
 tan ( a ) − tan = tan 1 + ab 

−1


( ) ( ) ( )
 tan−1 (2) − tan−1 21−1 + tan−1 22 − tan−1 21 + ... + tan−1 2n − tan−1 2n−1 ( ) ( )
( ( )
 lim tan−1 2n − tan−1 (1) = tan−1 ( ) − tan−1 (1)
n →
)
 −1 
= − =  tan (  ) = 
2 4 4 2
3. Ans. (A)
 1   2 −1  n − n −1
sin −1  −1
 + sin   + ....sin
−1

 2  6  n ( n + 1)
r =n
r − r −1
  sin
r =1
−1

r ( r + 1)
r =n  1 1 r −1 
  sin −1
 − 
r =1  r + 1 r +1 r 
 1 2
r =n
r  1   1
  sin  −1
− 1− 
r =1  r r +1 r +1  r 
 

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 JEE (Main + Advanced) : Mathematics
2 2
r =n
1  1  1  1 
  sin −1
r =1 r
1−  −
 r +1  r +1
1−
 r


Using formula

(
sin−1 x 1 − y2 − y 1 − x2 )
= sin −1 x − sin −1 y
r =n
 1  −1  1 
  sin
r =1
−1

 r
 − sin  
 r +1 
 1  −1 1 1 1  1  −1  1 
sin−1   − sin + sin−1 − sin−1 + ... + sin−1   − sin  
 1 2 2 3  n  n +1 
 1   1 
 sin −1 (1 ) − sin −1   lim sin −1   =0
 n +1  n →
 n +1 

 −0
2


2
4. Ans. (C)
cot −1 7 + cot −1 + 13 + cot −1 21 + ..........n terms
1  1   1   1   −1  1  −1 
 tan −1   + tan −1   + tan −1   + tan −1   + ... for x  0 tan  x  = cot x 
7  13   21   31     
 
 7, 13, 21, 31
 6 8 10 
1st difference in A.P.
 General term will be an2 + bn + c
T1 = a + b + c = 7
T2 = 4a + 2b + c = 13
T3 = 9a + 3b + c = 21
Solving for 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐
𝑎 = 1, 𝑏 = 3, 𝑐 = 3
r =n
 1 
  tan
r =1
−1
 r 2 + 3r + 3 
 
r =n  1 
  tan −1
 
r =1  1 + ( r + 1)( r + 2) 
r =n  ( r + 2) − ( r + 1) 
  tan −1
 
r =1  1 + ( r + 1)( r + 2) 

Using tan −1
( a − b ) = tan−1 a − tan−1 b
1 + ab

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Inverse Trigonometric Functions
r =n
  tan ( r + 2) − tan ( r + 1)
r =1
−1 −1

 tan −1 (3) − tan −1 (2) + tan −1 4 − tan −1 3 + ... + tan −1 ( n + 2) − tan −1 ( n + 1)

 tan−1 ( n + 2) − tan−1 (2)

 n +2−2 
 tan−1 
 1 + ( n + 2) 2 
 
 n 
 tan −1  
 1 + 2n + 4 
1
For x  0 tan −1   = cot −1 x
x
 2n + 5 
 cot −1  
 n 
5. Ans. (C)
 1  −1  1 
 1 
sin −1   + sin 
−1
 + ... + sin   ...
 5  65   4n + 1 
4

r =  1 
  sin −1
 
 4r + 1 
4
r =1

1 1
sin  = tan  =
4r + 14 2r 2

Converting into tan−1 ( ) 1

r =
 1  𝜃
  tan
r =1
−1
 2r 2 
  2𝑟 2

r = using triangle rule

 2 
  tan
r =1
−1
 4r 2 
 
r =
 2 
  tan
r =1
−1
 1 + 4r 2 − 1 
 
r =
(2r + 1) − (2r − 1)
  tan
r =1
−1

1 + (2r − 1)(2r + 1)
( x − y ) tan−1 x − tan−1 y
using tan −1 =
1 + xy
r =
   tan (2r + 1) − tan (2r − 1)
r =1
−1 −1

( ) ( ) (
 tan−1 3 − tan−1 1 + tan−1 5 − tan−1 3 + ... + tan −1 (2r + 1) − tan −1 (2r − 1) )
 
 tan−1 (2r + 1) − tan−1 (1)  lim tan −1 ( 2n + 1 ) = 
 n → 2
  
 − =
2 4 4

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 JEE (Main + Advanced) : Mathematics
6. Ans. (B)
n
 
1     
3   cot −1  1 + 2  3
r  
n =1   k =1

  r =1 
 2 
1

1     ( k )( k + 1 )  2

 3   cot −1  1 + 2   

n =1   k =1   2  
 

1  
n   n ( n + 1)  
2

 3   cot −1 (1 + k ( k + 1) )   r = 
3
 
n =1   k =1    2  
n

1   1    −1  1  
 3   tan −1  tan   = cot ( x ) for x  0
−1
 
 1 + K ( K + 1)  

  k =1
n =1     x 

1
 3  [(tan −1 1 − tan −1 2) + (tan −1 2 − tan −1 3) + ...tan −1 ( k + 1) − tan −1 k ]
n

n =1  

n
n =
1   
 3   tan −1 ( K + 1) − tan −1 1   lim tan −1 ( k ) = 
n =1     2 
k →

n
n =
 1   
 3    
n =1    4  

n = n
1
 3  
n =1  4 

1 1 1  a
 3  + 2 + 3 + ... [sum of infinite G.P. = ]
4 4 4  1−r
 1 
 
 3 4 
1 − 1 
 4
1 
 3  = 1
3
7. Ans. (P → 3; Q → 4; R → 1; S → 2)
1
(P) (
cos 2sin −1 x =) 3
sin −1
x =t 
Using cos 2𝜃 = 1 − 2 sin2 𝜃

 1 − 2sin2 t =
1
3
sin t = sin (sin x ) = x
−1

1
 1 − 2x2 =
3
2 1 1
 2x2 = x2 = x=
3 3 3

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Inverse Trigonometric Functions

(Q) cot −1 x + tan −1 3 =
2

using tan −1 x + cot −1 x =
2

 tan −1 3 = − cot −1 x = tan −1 x
2
x =3

(R) tan −1
( x − 1) + tan−1 ( x + 1) =  [taking tan both sides]
x −2 x +2 4
  −1  x − 1   x +1  
 tan ( A + B ) = tan tan   = A, tan −1   = B
4   x −2  x +2 
tan A + tan B
 =1
1 − tan A tan B
x −1 x +1
+
 x −2 2 x +2 =1 tan(tan−1 𝐴) = 𝐴
x −1
1− 2
x −4
 4 − 2x2 = 3 tan(tan−1 𝐵) = 𝐵
1
 x2 =
2
1
x=
2
2
(S) sin −1 x = − sin −1 2x
3
 2 
 sin ( sin −1 x ) = sin  − sin −1 2 x  [taking sin both side]
 3 
3 2x
 x= 1 − 4 x2 + sin ( A − B ) = sin A cos B − cos A sin B 
2 2
 1 − 4 x2 = 0
 ( )
sin sin−1 2x = 2x 

1
 x=
2  ( )
cos sin−1 2x = 1 − 4 x2 

−1
x= does not satisfy the equation
2
1
so x = is the only solution.
2

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