Nguyễn Thị Hường – MSV: 22D170096
Exercises on Semantics
Ex1
1. Animal (sow, pig, horse, cow, …)
→ Sow và pig đều thuộc nhóm Animal.
2. Virtue (honesty, kindness, generosity, loyalty, …)
3. Tree (willow, oak, pine, maple, …)
4. Emotion (fear, anger, joy, sadness, …)
5. Strike (beat, hit, punch, slap, …)
6. Pleasant (tasty, delightful, enjoyable, comfortable, …)
7. Flower (tulip, rose, lily, daisy, …)
8. Animal (pig, dog, cat, sheep, …)
Ex2
1. John sowed some maize. John sowed some crops.
→ Entailment.
2. She gave an expensive meal emails. That was an extravagant gift.
→ Mutual paraphrase (“an expensive meal” ≈ “an extravagant gift”?)
3. He works as a cashier. John works as an employee.
→ Entailment.
4. We work in a small vehicle emails. We work in small jobs.
→ Entailment.
Ex3
1. The secretary is working on the financial report. The secretary is working on a report.
→ True.
2. The boy lost his red shirt. The boy lost his shirt.
→ True.
3. I met my friend around the street corner does not entail I met him around the street corner.
→ False.
4. This is the best film I’ve ever seen. This is the most interesting film I’ve ever seen.
→ False.
Ex4
1. Football players are human. → Analytic.
2. Football players are animals. → Analytic.
3. The mosquito has a long tail. → Contradictory.
4. The Taj Mahal is in India. → Synthetic.
5. Children are smaller than their parents. → Synthetic.
6. If it breaks, it breaks. → Analytic.
7. Society has no idea how to help old people who live alone. → Synthetic.
8. The scientists know the job of every gene. → Contradictory.
9. Cats never live more than 20 years. → Synthetic.
10. Cats are not animals. → Contradictory.
Ex5
1. The chicken is ready to eat.
(a) The chicken is cooked and ready for people to eat.
(b) The chicken is hungry and ready to eat something.
2. Visiting relatives can be boring.
(a) Going to visit relatives can be boring.
(b) Relatives who visit us can be boring.
3. They passed the port last night.
(a) They went past the harbor last night.
(b) They handed over the bottle of port last night.
4. The thing that bothered Bill was crouching under the table.
(a) Something was under the table, and that bothered Bill.
(b) Bill himself was crouching under the table, and that bothered him.
5. The captain conceded the list.
(a) The captain accepted the list.
(b) The captain gave away/yielded the list.