LIGHT REFLECTION AND REFRACTION

Multiple choice questions (1 mark Each )

Q1.A student places a candle 15 cm in front of a concave mirror of focal length 10
cm. Where will the image be formed?
(a) 30 cm behind the mirror (b) 15 cm in front of the mirror (c) 30 cm in front
of the mirror (d) At the focus
(Hint: (Use mirror formula: 1/f = 1/v + 1/u → v = 30 cm)

Q2. A driver notices that the image of a car behind appears smaller and upright in
his mirror. What kind of mirror is being used?
(a). Concave (b)Convex
(c). Plane (d) Cylindrical
(Hint: It is a converging mirror )
Q3. A pencil partially dipped in water appears bent. Which of the following explains
this phenomenon?
A. Reflection of light C. Dispersion of light
B. Absorption of light D. Refraction of light
(Hint: It is shown by glass slab)
Q4. An optician uses a lens that forms a virtual, erect, and magnified image of letters
when reading. What kind of lens is it?
A. Concave lens C. Plane lens
B. Convex lens D. Diverging lens
(Hint: It is a converging lens)
Q5. A ray of light bends more when entering glass than when entering water. What does
this tell you about the refractive index?
A. Water has higher refractive index C. Both have equal refractive indices
B. Glass has higher refractive index D. Light travels faster in glass than in water
(Hint: . Glass has higher refractive index)
Q6. Raman uses a lens to focus sunlight onto a piece of paper and it starts to burn. What
type of lens is he using?
A. Concave lens C. Cylindrical lens
B. Convex lens D. Plane glass
(Hint: It is a converging lens)

Assertion and Reason Questions:

Options:
A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C. A is true, but R is false.
D. A is false, but R is true.

[Link] (A): A concave mirror can form both real and virtual images.
Reason (R): A concave mirror converges parallel rays to a single point.
(Hint: A Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.)

[Link] (A): The image formed by a convex mirror is always virtual and erect.
Reason (R): A convex mirror diverges rays and they appear to come from a point
behind the mirror.
(Hint: A Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.)

[Link] (A): When light enters from air to glass, it bends towards the normal.
Reason (R): Glass is a rarer medium than air.
(Hint: C (Reason is incorrect – glass is a denser medium than air)

[Link] (A): The magnification produced by a concave mirror is always negative.

Reason (R): The image formed by a concave mirror is always real and inverted.
(Hint: D (Magnification is positive when the image is virtual, so A is false, R is also
false sometimes)

Very Short Answer Questions: (2 Marks Each)

1. Draw a ray diagram showing the path of rays of light when it enters with
oblique incidence
(i)from air into water; (ii) from water into air.
(Hint: Refer contents )
2. Write two properties of image formed by a plane mirror?
(Hint: The image is always virtual, erect, same size, laterally inverted and the image formed
in a plane mirror is as far behind the mirror, as the object is in front of the mirror)
3. A student determines the focal length of a device X, by
focusing the image of a far off object on the screen positioned
as shown in the figure below: a. Identify this device X. Explain
the nature of the image obtained on the screen.
(Hint:These lens are used in Hypermetropia)
4. Sarita finds out that the sharp image of the window pane of her
science laboratory is formed at a distance of 15 cm from the lens.
She now tries to focus the building visible to her outside the window instead of the
window pane without disturbing the lens.
a) In which direction will she move the screen to obtain a sharp image of the
building? b) What is the approximate focal length of this lens?
(Hint: Refer contents )
5. Find the focal length of a lens of power 2D also write the type of lens.
Hint: P=1/f (metre), +ve sign indicates convex lens and -ve sign indicates concave lens
Short Answer Questions: (3 Marks Each)

1. Complete the following diagram in which a Ray of light is incident on a concave

and convex mirror on your answer sheet. Show the path of this Ray after reflection in
each case.

2. A candle is kept at a distance of 20cm in front of a concave mirror of focal

length 10cm.
Find the position of the image
Find the magnification also
(Hint hint: Use mirror and magnification formula.
3. During a science exhibition a student wants to project the image of a candle flame
on a screen 80 cm in front of a mirror by keeping the candle flame at a distance of 20 cm
from its pole.
(i) Which type of mirror should the student use?
(ii) Find the distance between the object and its focus.
(iii) Find the magnification of the image produced.

4. A student of class X placed the object in front of a convex lens at different distance
from it and recorded the image distance as per the given data in the following table.

Sl No. Object distance ‘u’ in cm Image distance ‘v’ in cm

1 -60 +12
2 -30 +15
3 -20 +20
4 -15 +30
5 -12 +60
6 -9 +90

Read the above paragraph and answer the following questions.

I) Find the focal length of the convex lens.
II) At which of the position of the object from the lens, image formed by the above
convex lens will be real, inverted and magnified.
III) Can a convex lens can be used a magnifying glass? State the reason.
Long Answer Questions: (5 marks)

1. (a) Draw a ray diagram to show the image formation by a concave mirror when
the object is placed between the pole (P)and the focus (F). State the nature, size,
and position of the image formed.

(b)An object is placed at a distance of 20 cm from a convex lens of focal length 10 cm.
Find the position and nature of the image using the lens formula.

(Hint:
2. (a)Diagram: (Student should draw a concave mirror with object between P and F)
Image Characteristics:
Nature: Virtual and erect, Size: Enlarged, Position: Behind the mirror
(b)Given:
u = –20 cm, f = +10 cm
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Using lens formula:
1= 1− 1

Image Position: 20 cm on the other side of the lens

Nature: Real, inverted, and same size

3. .A person got his eyes tested by an optician. The prescription for the spectacle lenses
to be made reads : Left eye : + 2.50 D Right eye : + 2.00 D
State whether these lenses are thicker in the middle or at the edges.
Find out the focal length of each lens.
Which lens bends the light rays more strongly?
State whether these spectacle lenses will converge light rays or diverge light rays.
Hint: take reference of lens, use formula for power of lens, meaning of power

Case-Based Question
1. : During an experiment, Meena passes a ray of light through a rectangular glass slab
placed on a white sheet. She traces the path of the light ray and notices that the
emergent ray is parallel to the incident ray but slightly shifted sideways. This sideways
shift is called lateral displacement.
I) What happens to the light ray when it enters the glass slab from air?
II) Why does the emergent ray shift sideways even though it is parallel to the
incident ray?
III) What is the name of the angle between the
incident ray and the normal at the point of incidence?
Hint :The light ray bends towards the normal when it
enters the glass slab from air due to refraction.
The emergent ray shifts sideways due to
refraction at both air-glass and glass-air surfaces. This
is called lateral displacement.
The angle is called the angle of incidence.

(a)Choose the correct path of a ray of light passing from air to kerosene oil and from
kerosene oil to water is (a)A (b). B (c). C (d). D
State Snell’s Law.
(b)Give reason why refractive index has no unit.
 HUMAN EYE AND COLOURFUL WORLD
Multiple Choice Questions (1 Mark Each)
Select and write one most appropriate option.
Q1. An eye specialist suggested his patient to wear a lens of power -0.5D. Which defect of
eye the patient was suffering
(a) Hypermetropia (b) Myopia (c) Presbyopia
(b) (d) Astigmatism
(Hint:It is also known as shortedness)
Q2. What is the farthest point up to which the eye can see clearly?
(a) 25 cm (b)1m (c) Infinity (d) 25cm (Hint:No limit)

Q3. Which colour of light deviates the least after passing through a prism
(a) Violet (b) Blue (c) Green (d) red (Hint:Used for stopping
vehicle at traffic)
Q4. Look at the ray diagram of a defective eye and name the
defect of the eye
(a) Myopia (b) Hypermetropia (c) Presbyopia
(d) colour blindness
(Hint:It is also known as shortsightedness)
Q5. Which phenomenon of light gives rise to Tyndall effect
(a) Dispersion (c)Scattering
(b) Reflection (d) Refraction
(Hint: It is done by particles of colloid solution)
Q6. Which of the following statement is not correct
Tyndall effect is due to scattering of light
Splitting of light when it passes through a prism is due to dispersion of light
Twinkling of light is due to atmospheric refraction of light
Formation of rainbow is due to reflection of light
(It is seen in the sky after rain)
ASSERTION REASON QUESTIONS
Directions for the question 7 to 10: In each of the questions given below, there are two
statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Mark your answer as per the
codes provided below:
Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
A is true but R is false.
A is false but R is true.
Q7. Assertion: When a ray of white light passes through a prism, it split into its
seven-colour components
Reason: Different colours of light bend through different angles with respect to
the incident ray, as they pass through a prism.
Ans: (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Q8. Assertion: Hypermetropia is due to increase in focal length of eye lens.
Reason: Due to increase in focal length the rays coming from the object meet
before retina.
Ans hint: due to increase in focal length the rays meet or image is formed behind
the retina.
Q9. Assertion: Planets twinkle but stars do not.
Reason: Twinkling of stars is due to atmospheric refraction
Hint: Twinkling of stars is due to atmospheric refraction
Q10. Assertion: The colour of the sun looks reddish during sunrise and sunset
Reason: The red colour has longest wavelength and scatter less in the atmosphere
and able to reach to the observer’s eye
Hint: (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
Very Short Answer Questions (2 Marks Each)
Q11. A rainbow is a natural spectrum caused by dispersion of
sunlight by tiny water droplets, present in the atmosphere. Name
the phenomenon that takes place at Point A and point B.

Q12. Archana’s grandfather is not able to see the

distant objects as well as nearby objects clearly.
From which defect of eye, he is suffering
from. Hint: Presbiopia
What is the cause of this defect and what type of spectacle can correct this
defect.
Hint: Bifocal lens
13. Calculate the focal length of the lens of the
spectacle. Hint: P=1/f
From which defect of eye he is suffering from.
Hint: +ve sign indicates convex lens and -ve sign indicates concave lens
Q14. Why it takes some time to see objects clearly when we enter a dark room from
bright sunny day outside?
Hint: Accommodation of eye
Q15. Why stars appear twinkling but planets do not?
Hint: Atmospheric refract
Short Answer questions: (3 Marks Each)
Q16. In the given diagram a beam of white light passed through a glass prism which
split into band of seven colours with lower colour P and upper colour Q
Name the phenomena. Hint:
Dispersion of light
State the colour P and Q. Hint:
Acronym VIBGYOR
Why do different colours bend at different angles when it
passes through prism?
Hint: Refractive index of the prism material varies with the wavelength of light

Q17. Draw the path of light ray passing through a prism and label the angle of incident and
angle of deviation
Hint: Refer to content
Q18. Name the phenomena involved in the formation of rainbow. What are the
essential conditions for the formation of rainbow?
Hint: A natural spectrum, phenomena involved are refraction, dispersion and total internal
reflection, Essential condition: observer must stand with his back towards the sun.
Q19. Write the expression for power of a lens. State its unit. What does its sign ‘+ve’
and ‘– ve’ indicate?
Hint: The ability of a lens to converge or diverge, p=1/f,unit- Dioptre (D), +ve sign indicates
convex lens and -ve sign indicates concave lens.
Long Answer Questions: (5 marks Each)
Q20. (a) “A lens can form a magnified erect image as well as magnified inverted image of
an object placed in front of it”. State the nature of this lens and draw ray diagrams to
justify the above statement. Mark the positions of O,F and 2F in the diagram
With the help of labelled ray diagram show
Myopic eye
Correction to myopia using suitable
lens Hint: Refer to contents
Q21. A person uses spectacles of focal length of – 4m. (Answer any five question)
Name the defect of vision he is suffering from
Hint: The negative sign in the focal length (-4m) indicates that the person has
myopia (short-sightedness) and uses a concave lens to correct their vision.
What type of lens is required to correct this defect ?
Hint: The negative sign in the focal length (-4m) indicates that the person has
myopia (short-sightedness) and uses a concave lens to correct their vision.
What are the causes of of development of this defect ?

What will be the power of the

lens? Hint:P=1/f(metre)
Draw a ray diagram of this defective eye.
Case based question:
Q22. Mr. Backson, a 55-year-old man, experiences difficulty seeing clearly, especially for
reading. He is fade up by blurry vision at close distances, while distant objects appear
relatively better. After examination, his eye doctor diagnosed that his eye lens has become
less flexible and opaque.
Questions:
22.1. Based on Mr. Backson's symptoms and the doctor's findings, what eye
condition is he likely experiencing?
Hint: less flexibility and opaque lens is the symptom of cataract

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 22.2. According to the condition identified in question 1, Where does the light focus in the eye
?
Hint: In hypermetropia the rays meet beyond retina
22.3. Describe the role of the lens in the process of vision.
Hint: refraction takes place through lens and converge light
22.4. What is the remedial option for Mr Backson condition?
Hint: removal of cause of opacity or replacement of lens

Q23. Observe the given diagram of structure of eye and answer the
questions based on it.

1. Name the parts 1,2,3 and 4 of the eye structure given above
Hint: (1) maximum refraction takes place (2) Allows amount
of light to enter into eyes
(3) gives colour to eye (4) fine adjustment of image
From which part of eye maximum refraction takes place name that part also. (Hint: It
is outermost part of eye)
What is the nature of the image formed at retina of the eye?
(Hint:Real, inverted and smaller than the object)
Define power of accommodation. Which part of eye is responsible for this
function?
(Hint: The ability of the eye to focus both near and distant objects, by adjusting its focal
length,)