Science and Technology (Term-II) March 2023

Time Allowed : 3 Hours Maximum Marks : 50

(SERIES–A)
Candidates are required to give answers in their own words as far as practicable.
Marks allotted to each question are indicated against it.
Instructions:
(i) You must write Question-Paper Series in the circle at the top left side of title page of your Answer-
book.
(ii) While answering Questions, you must indicate on your Answer-book the same Question no. as
appears in your Question Paper.
(iii) Do not leave blank page/pages in your answer-book.
(iv) All questions are compulsory.
(v) Question no. 1 to 20 are MCQ type questions of 1 mark each.
(vi) Question no. 21 to 28 are of short answer type questions and each question is of 2 marks.
(vii) Question no. 29 to 31 are Long answer type questions and each question is of 3 marks.
(viii) Question no. 32 is Very Long answer type questions. This question is compulsory and of 5 marks.
(ix) Internal choice is given in some questions.
(x) Draw labelled diagram in support of your answer where necessary.

Section–A Question 5. [1]

Si (Silicon) is a:
Multiple Choice Questions (a) Metal (c) Non-Metal
Question Nos. 1 to 20 carries 1 mark each.
(b) Metalloid (d) All the above
Attempt all questions.
Solution: (b) Metalloid
Question 1. [1]
Question 6. [1]
Propanol is the 3-Carbon compound with a function
What is the melting point of Methane?
group:
(a) 100 K (c) 90 K
(a) Aldehyde (c) Alcohol
(b) 30 K (d) 120 K
(b) Ketone (d) Carboxylic acid
Solution: (c) 90 K
Solution: (c) Alcohol
Question 7. [1]
Question 2. [1]
Which of the following is a part of male reproductive (a) Plane mirror (c) Convex mirror
system in Human beings? (b) Concave mirror (d) None of these
(a) Ovary (c) Uterus Solution: (c) Convex mirror
(b) Vas deferens (d) Fallopian Tube Question 8. [1]
Solution: (b) Vas deferens Which part of the eye can be donated after death?
Question 3. [1] (a) Cornea (c) Iris
Iodine is necessary for the synthesis of which (b) (d) Pupil
Hormone? Solution: (a) Cornea
(a) Adrenaline (c) Auxin Question 9. [1]
(b) Thryoxin (d) Insulin Which is not a Halogen?
Solution: (b) Thryoxin (a) Cl (c) Ar
(b) Br (d) I
Question 4. [1]
Solution: (c) Ar
Question 10. [1]

(a) (c) (a) 1.31 (c) 1.23

(b) (d) (b) 1.33 (d) 1.2
Solution: (b) Solution: (b) 1.33
338 | HP Board - X (Solved Papers)

Question 11. [1] Question 20. [1]

What is the Colour of Danger signal? What is the general formula of Alkenes?
(a) (c) Yellow (a) CnH2n+2 (c) CnH2n
(b) Blue (d) Green (b) CnH2n–2 (d) CnH2n+1
Solution: (a) Solution: (c) CnH2n
Question 12. [1]
The presence of which of the following bacteria in Section—B
Water indicates Water Contamination?
Short Answer Type Questions
(a) Streptococcus (c) Salmonella
Question 21. [2]
(b) Coliform (d) None of these
Why is the use of Iodised salt advisable?
Solution: (b) Coliform
Question 13. [1] Solution:
On which river Tehri Dam is built? Iodine is necessary for the Thyroid gland to
(a) Yamuna (c) Satluj make thyroxine hormone. Thyroxine regulates
carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism. It is
(b) Ganga (d) Beas
Solution: (b) Ganga
a disorder called goitre is caused.
Question 14. [1]
Question 22. [2]
Speed of Light in Vacuum is:
What are the advantages of Sexual reproduction over
(a) 3 × 108 m/sec (c) 3 × 108 km/sec Asexual reproduction?
(b) 3 × 1018 m/sec (d) 3 × 1028 m/sec
8
Solution:
Solution: (a) 3 × 10 m/sec
Advantages of sexual reproduction over asexual
Question 15. [1] reproduction:
What is the full form of CFC?
1. Sexual reproduction promotes diversity among
(a) Chloro Fluoro Carbon the offsprings of the same parents due to
(b) Chloro Fluoro Chlorides combining DNA from the different individuals.
(c) Chloro Florido Caesium 2. It provides more opportunities for combination
(d) None of the above of characters.
Solution: (a) Chloro Fluoro Carbon 3. It leads to variation that is essential for evolution.
Question 16. [1]
Question 23. [2]
Which of the following elements has 2 shell and both
Why do Stars twinkle?

(a) Helium (c) Calcium Solution:

(b) Neon (d) Boron Twinkling of the stars is due to refraction of the light
from stars through atmosphere. The light from stars on
Solution: (b) Neon
Question 17. [1] continuously before it reaches the earth. The states are
The change in Focal length of an eye lens is caused by very distant objects and may be considered as point
the action of the— source. The refractive index of the air changes from
(a) Pupil (c) Ciliary Muscles time to time due to change of density of air. Due to
(b) (d) Iris
Solution: (c) Ciliary Muscles of rays from stars continuously change. The apparent
positions of the stars continuously change due to
Question 18. [1]
th chagne in refractive index of the atmosphere. Thus
What is the other means for group 18 elements? the stars appear to twinkle.
(a) Nobles Gases (c) Alkali Earth metals
Question 24. [2]
(b) Alkali metals (d) Halogens
The radius of curvature of a spherical mirror is 20 cm.
Solution: (a) Noble Gases What is its Focal length?
Question 19. [1]
Solution:
The Crystalline lens of people at old age becomes
f
milky and cloudy; this condition is known as:
(a) Hypermetropia (c) Cataract f
(b) Myopia (d) Presbyopia
Solution: (c) Cataract Focal length f
 Science and Technology (Term-II), March 2023 | 339

Question 25. [2] Ni, 473 K

e.g., CH2 2 + H2 CH3—CH3
Draw the electron dot structures for: Ethene Ethane
(a) H2S This reaction is used for hydrogenation of liquid
(b) Propanone
Solution: or vanaspati ghee.
(a) H2S
Section-C
××
H × S × H or H–S–H Long Answer Type Questions
×× Question 29. [3]
Write the name:
(b) Propanone
(a) Two elements that have two electrons in their
H O H outer most shells.

shells.
H C C H (c) Two elements that have single electron in their
outer-most shells.
Solution:
H H
(a) Two elements that have two electrons in their
outer most shells.
Or
H O H Element Atomic Number K L M
| || | 1. Beryllium (Be) 4 2 2
H—C—C—C—H
2. Magnesium (Mg) 12 2 8 2

Question 26. [2] shells.

Element Atomic Number K L M

Solution: 1. Neon (Ne) 10 2 8

2. Argon (Ar) 18 2 8 8
(c) Two elements that have single electron in their
elements known as that time. outer-most shells.
2. It was applicable only to few elements. Element Atomic Number K L M
Question 27. [2] 1. Lithium (Li) 3 2 1
Why is Vegetative propagation practiced for growing 2. Sodium (Na) 11 2 8 1
some types of Plants? Question 30. [3]
Solution: Explain why the Planets do not twinkle?
Vegetative propagation practised for growing some Solution:
plants because: Since planets are quite near the earth in comparison
1. It is usually a means of propagating such plants with the stars, they do not act as point sources but
which do not produce viable seeds. behave like extended sources. Planets may be
2. It is rapid method of producing young ones. considered as collection of a large number of point
3. It helps in retaining useful characters from sized sources of light. The total net deviation in
generation to generation. amount of light entering our eyes from different point
Question 28. [2] sources is zero. Therefore, there is not net twinkling
of planets.
What is Hydrogenation? What is its Industrial
application? Question 31. [3]
Solution: What is Ozone and how does it affect any Ecosystem?
The addition of hydrogen to unsaturated hydrocarbons Solution:
in the presence of catalyst like palladium, platinum, Ozone (O3) is a molecule formed by three atoms of
nickel etc. to give saturated hydrocarbons is called oxygen. It is a poisonous gas but at higher levels of
hydrogenation. the atmosphere, it shields our earth from U.V. rays.
340 | HP Board - X (Solved Papers)

An equilibrium is established between generation layer of black tissues, below sclerotic and is called
and destruction of O3, leading to a steady state choroid. It serves to absorb only stray light and thus
concentration of ozone layer in the stratosphere
between 20 and 26 km above the sea level. The eye-ball.
thickness of the vertical column of stratosphere In front of eye, choroid merges into a coloured
O3 layer, condensed to standard temperature and diaphragm known as iris with a hole in the middle
pressure, average 0·29 km above the equator and called Pupil. When we rfer to the colour of the eye of
amy exceed 0·40 cm above the poles at the end of a person, we refer to the colour of iris of the person.
the winter season. This layer acts as the ozone shield The iris corresponds to the shutter in the camera. By
protecting the earth biota from harmful effects of means of involuntary muscle control, it regulates the
strong UV radiation. This radiation is known to cause amount of light entering the eye. The pupil shrinks in
skin cancer in human beings. bright light to accept less light, whereas it expands in
low light to allow as much light as needed.
presence of UV radiations. These radicals catalytically
Behind iris is a crystalline lens with jelly like layers.
destroy ozone converting it into oxygen. CH4 and
The lens is held in position with the help of ciliary
N2O also cause ozone destruction.
muscles. The lens divides the eye ball into two
chambers – the front chamber called anterior chamber
Section-D
and other between lens and the retina called posterior
Very Long Answer Type Questions
(Compulsory Question) called aqueous humour while the posterior chamber
Question 32. [5]
The innermost coating of the eye, covering the rear
With the help of a well labelled diagram explain the of inner surface, it s very delicate membrane called
structure of Human Eye.
Or
(a) What are the uses of Concave mirror? [2½] to receive the images. The sensation of vision in the
(b) What are the different methods of Contraception? retina is carried to the brain by a nerve called optic
nerve. The most sensitive part of retina is known as
[2½]
the yellow spot. It is slightly raised portion with a
Solution: slight depression known as the fovea centralis. The
point where the optic nerve enters the eye is totally
insensitive to light and is known as the blind spot.
Eye lids are provided to control the amount of light
falling on the eye. Lids also protect the eye from dust
etc.
OR
(a) The uses of concave mirrors: Concave mirrors
are used in search lights, torches, head lights of
a vehicles, in solar furnaces and by dentists to see
large image of the teeth of patient.
(b) Different methods of contraception:
Human Eye is the most remarkable and most delicate 1. Barrier methods: Physical barriers such as
optical instrument. condom, diaphragm and cervical caps avoid
Though in principle, it is similar to a photographic entry of sperms in the female genital tract
during copulation.
camera ever designed by human ingenuity. 2. Chemical methods: Oral pills and vaginal
Structure of the eye: The human eye consists of nearly pills are commonly used. Oral pills contain
spherical ball of about 2·5 cm diameter. Its outermost
coating is made of a tough and opaque white 3. Surgical methods: It is a vasectomy in male
substance known as sclerotic. Sclerotic preserves the where a small portion of vas deferens is either
shape of eye and protects it against external injury. removed on ligated (tied). In tubectomy in
Front portion of sclerotic is transparent and slightly female small portion of fallopian tube is either
bulged outwards and knwon as cornea. There is a removed or ligated.
 Science and Technology (Term-II), March 2023 | 341

Science and Technology (Term-II) March 2023

Time Allowed : 3 Hours Maximum Marks : 50
(SERIES–B)
Section–A Question 9. [1]
Which of the following element have Electronic
Multiple Choice Questions
Question Nos. 1 to 20 carries 1 mark each. (a) Oxygen (c) Selenium
Attempt all questions. (b) Nitrogen (d) Aluminium
Question 1. [1] Solution: (a) Oxygen
Butanoic acid is a four-carbon compound with the Question 10. [1]
functional group—
(a) Alcohol (c) Carboxylic acid (a) 1.31 (c) 1.36
(b) Ketone (d) Aldehyde (b) 1.37 (d) 1.33
Solution: (c) Carboxylic acid
Solution: (a) 1.31
Question 2. [1]
Question 11. [1]
Anther contains:
(a) Sepals (c) Pollen Grains Twinkling of Stars is caused due to ................. of Light.
(b) Ovules (d) Petals (a) (c) Scattering
Solution: (c) Pollen Grains (b) (d) None of these
Question 3. [1] Solution: (b)
The brain is responsible for: Question 12. [1]
(a) Thinking (c) Balancing the body The trophic level of Autotrophs is—
(b) (d) All of these (a) First (c) Third
Solution: (d) All of these (b) Second (d) Fourth
Question 4. [1] Solution: (a) First
How much distance is covered by Ganga river from Question 13. [1]
Gangotri in Himalayas to Ganga-Sagar in Bay of
When was the Ganga Action Plan launched?
Bengal?
(a) 2200 km (c) 2400 km (a) 1985 A.D. (c) 1984 A.D
(b) 2300 km (d) 2500 km (b) 1975 A.D. (d) 1965 A.D.
Solution: (d) 2500 km Solution: (a) 1985 A.D.
Question 5. [1] Question 14. [1]
Upto which element the law of Octaves were found to Which lens is Present in the Human eye?
be applicable? (a) Convex (c) Biconvex
(a) Barium (c) Nickel (b) Concave (d) Bioconcave
(b) Calcium (d) Potassium Solution: (c) Biconvex
Solution: (b) Calcium
Question 15. [1]
Question 6. [1]
What is the formula of Ozone?
What is the boiling point of Methane?
(a) O2 (c) O5
(a) 391 K (c) 351 L
(b) O4 (d) O3
(b) 334 K (d) 111 K
Solution: (d) 111 K Solution: (d) O3
Question 7. [1] Question 16. [1]
The unit of Power of Lens is? What is the atomic radius of Hydrogen atom?
(a) Watt (c) Dioptre (a) 32 pm (c) 37 pm
(b) Kilowatt (d) None of these (b) 41 pm (d) 100 pm
Solution: (c) Dioptre Solution: (c) 37 pm
Question 8. [1] Question 17. [1]
In Human eye on the sight defect is—
(a) Born blindness (c) Sleeping (a) Virtual and Inverted (c)
(b) Colour blindness (d) Myopia (b) (d) Virtual and Erect
Solution: (d) Myopia Solution: (b)
342 | HP Board - X (Solved Papers)

Question 18. [1] Solution:

Which one of the following element exhibit maximum
number of Valence Electrons? f m
(a) Na (c) Si
(b) Al (d) P
f
Solution: (d) P
Question 19. [1]
What is the far point of a Normal Human Eye?
(a) 25 cm (c) 2.5 m
(b) (d) 24 cm Question 25. [2]
Solution: (b) Name the following compounds:
Question 20. [1] (a) CH3—CH2—CH2—Cl
The image represents a Carbon compound is: H
|
O (b) H—C = O
||
H3C—C—OH Solution:
The functional group present in this compound is— (a) CH3—CH2—CH2—Cl
(a) Alcohol (c) Carboxylic Chloropropane
(b) Aldehyde (d) Ketone H
|
Solution: (c) Carboxylic (b) H—C = O

Section—B Methanal
Question 26. [2]
Short Answer Type Questions
Why do you think the Noble Gases are placed in
Question 21. [2] Separate Group?
How does Chemical Co-ordination take place in Solution:
Animals? The noble gases are placed in a separate group
Solution: because of their low reactivity when conared to
Chemical coordination is brought about by chemical other group elements. The noble gases occur in
messengers called hormones. They are secreted by lower concentrations in the atmosphere. The gases
endocrine glands (ductless glands). The hormones do not combine with other elements in the periodic
are carried by the blood to the site of action (target table except Xenon. They have a stable electronic
organs). The hormones are consumed during their ns2np6. So they are kept in separate
action. group.
Question 22. [2] Question 27. [2]
What are the functions performed by the Testis in What are the importance of DNA copying in
Human beings? reproduction?
Solution: Solution:
Functions of testis: Importance of DNA copying in reproduction:
1. Testis produce male gametes called sperms. 1. DNA copying is called DNA replication. It
2. Testis produce male sex hormones called ensures that each daughter cell formed at the end
testosterone. of cell division, receives equal amount of DNA.
Question 23. [2] 2. It maintains the body designs and features in
What is meant by Power of accomodation of the Eye? different generations of the species.
Solution: 3. Variations may be introduced during copying of
The ability of the eye lens to adjust its focal length is DNA. This inbuilt tendency of variation during
called power of accomodation. reproduction form the basis of evolution.
Question 24. [2] Question 28. [2]
Find the power of a Concave lens of Focal length 2m. Would you be able to check whether water is hard or
not by using detergent?
 Science and Technology (Term-II), March 2023 | 343

Solution: Section-D
No; detergents are generally ammonium or sulphate
Very Long Answer Type Questions
salts of long chain carboxylic acids. They remain
(Compulsory Question)
effective in hard water as well as in soft water.
Question 32.
Section-C
of vehicles. Support your answer with reason.
Long Answer Type Questions [2½]
Question 29. [3] (b) How does the Embryo get nourishment inside the
Why does Micelle formation take place when soap [2½]
is added to water? Will a Micelle be formed in other Or
solvent such as Ethanol also? (a) What are the uses of Convex mirror? [2½]
Solution: (b) How is the process of Pollination different from
Soap molecule has two ends, one is hydrophilic Fertilization? [2½]
and it dissolves in water, while the other end is Solution:
hydrophobic and it dissolves in hydrocarbons. When (a) Convex mirrors are used in rear view mirror of
vehicles. Convex mirrors gives a virtuals, erect
of soap will not be soluble in water and the soap will and diminished image of the objects placed in
align along the surface of water with the ionic end front of them. They are preferred as rear-view
mirror in vehicles because they give a wider-
water. Inside water, these molecules have a unique view, which allows the driver to see most of the
orientation which keeps the hydrocarbon portion out
of the water. This is achieved due to the formation of (b) Embryo gets nourishment through placenta.
clusters of molecules in which the hydrophobic tails Placenta is a disc embedded in the wall of uterus. It
are in the interior of the cluster and the ionic ends are contains villi on the side of the embryo and blood
on the surface of the cluster, this formation is called
a Michelle. Such miscelles can also be formed in the The blood vessels allow the exchange of nutrients
other polar solvents like ethanol. and gases between mother and developing foetus
Question 30. [3]
A person is unable to read a book properly. From
which defect is he suffering? How to correct this Or
defect? (a) (i) Convex mirrors are used in rear-view mirrors
Solution:
The person is suffering from Hypermetropia or for- from behind.
sightedness. In this condition, the person can see (ii) Convex mirrors are widely used for making
objects at a distance but cannot see nearby objects magnifying glasses. In order do make a
clearly. To correct this defect, a convex or a convergent magnifying glass, two convex mirrors are
lens is used. placed back to back.
Question 31. [3] (b)
Draw a labelled diagram of the Longitudinal section
Pollination Fertilization
of Flower.
1. It is the transfer of 1. It is fusion of male
Solution:
pollen grains from and female gametes.
anther to stigma.
2. An external agent is 2. It does not require
required like wind, external agent.
water, animal etc.
3. It is of two types: 3. It is of two types:
self pollination and external fertilization
cross pollination and internal
fertilization.
344 | HP Board - X (Solved Papers)

Science and Technology (Term-II) March 2023

Time Allowed : 3 Hours Maximum Marks : 50

(SERIES–C)
Section–A Question 9. [1]

Multiple Choice Questions (a) 2, 8, 1 (c) 2, 8, 2

Question Nos. 1 to 20 carries 1 mark each. (b) 2, 8, 3 (d) 2, 8, 4
Attempt all questions. Solution: (c) 2, 8, 2
Question 1. [1] Question 10. [1]
Ethanol is a two-carbon compound with functional
group: (a) 1.003 (c) 1.1
(a) Carboxylic acid (c) Ketone (b) 1.02 (d) 1.04
Solution: (a) 1.003
(b) Alcohol (d) Aldehyde
Question 11. [1]
Solution: (b) Alcohol
Question 2. [1]
Menstruation cycle is completed in: (a) f (c) f
(a) 7 days (c) 28 days
1
(b) 14 days (d) 40 days (b) f (d)
f
Solution: (c) 28 days
Question 3. [1] 1
Solution: (d)
Which gland secretes the Insulin Hormone? f
(a) Adrenal Gland (c) Thyroid Question 12. [1]
(b) Parathyroid (d) Pancreas
Solution: (d) Pancreas (a) Layer of Oxygen (c) Layer of SO2
Question 4. [1] (b) Layer of Nitrogen (d) Layer of Ozone
Solution: (d) Layer of Ozone
Question 13. [1]
(a) Sun (c) Air
Which of the following is Inexhaustible resource?
(b) Wood (d) Engine
(a) Sun light (c) Soil
Solution: (d) Engine
(b) Minerals (d) All the above
Question 5. [1]
Solution: (a) Sun light
Modern Periodic table has groups:
Question 14. [1]
(a) 7 (c) 18 A person infected with .............. and .............. can not
(b) 10 (d) 14 donate eyes.
Solution: (c) 18 (a) AIDS and Hepatitis B, C
Question 6. [1] (b)
What is the Chemical formula of Butane? (c) AIDS and Cancer
(a) C4H10 (c) C2H8 (d) AIDS and Diabetes
(b) C4H12 (d) C4H22 Solution: (a) AIDS and Hepatitis B, C
Solution: (a) C4H10 Question 15. [1]
Question 7. [1] Which of the following is a Green House Gas?
Focal length of Concave mirror is: (a) Oxygen (c) Carbon Dioxide
(a) Positive (c) Can be +ve or –ve (b) Ozone (d) Nitrogen
(b) Negative (d) None of these Solution: (c) Carbon Dioxide
Solution: (b) Negative Question 16. [1]
Question 8. [1] In Modern Periodic Table elements are arranged
Which part of Human eye image is formed? according to their:
(a) (c) Cornea (a) Atomic Weight (c) Atomic Number
(b) Iris (d) Vitreous Homor (b) Density (d) Melting Point
Solution: (a) Solution: (c) Atomic Number
 Science and Technology (Term-II), March 2023 | 345

Question 17. [1] Question 23. [2]

Which type of lens is used to correct Hypermetropia Why does the sky appear dark instead of blue to an
(Far Sightedness)? Astronaut?
(a) Concave (c) Plane Solution:
(b) Convex (d) Bifocal lens The atmosphere exist only upto some height. Above
Solution: (b) Convex that there is no atmosphere to scatter the light. There
Question 18. [1] is no scattering of light for an astronaut. The sky
Which type of Covalent bond is present in N2 therefore appears to be perfectly black to astronauts.
molecule? Question 24. [2]
(a) Single bond (c) Triple bond Find the Focal length of a Convex mirror whose
(b) Double bond (d) None of these radius of curvature is 32 cm.
Solution: (c) Triple bond Solution:
Question 19. [1]
The defect of vision in which person can see distant
f
object clearly but nearby object look blurred is:
(a) Myopia (c) Hypermetropia f
(b) Astigmatism (d) Presbyopia Question 25. [2]
Solution: (c) Hypermetropia Draw the structures for the following Compounds:
Question 20. [1] (a) Ethanoic acid
The image represents a Carbon compound (b) Bromopentane
O Solution:
(a) Ethanoic acid
C H O
H3C CH3 | ||
H—C—C—O—H
The functional group present in this compound is—
(a) Alcohol (c) Carboxylic acid
(b) Aldehyde (d) Ketone (b) Bromopentane
H H H H H
Solution: (d) Ketone | | | | |
H—C—C—C—C—C—Br
Section—B

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 26. [2]
Question 21. [2] What were the criteria used by Mendeleev in creating
his Periodic table?
Walking? Solution:
Solution:
involuntary mechanical response to a stimulus by observation that the properties of elements are a
voluntary organs. Walking is movements of muscles periodic function of their atomic masses. This means
of legs controlled by brain. if elements are arranged in the increasing order of
Question 22. [2] their atomic masses, then their properties get repeated
What is the role of the Seminal Vesicles and the after regular intervals.
Prostate gland? Question 27. [2]
Solution:
Role of seminal vesicles: These glands secrete viscous Solution:
secretions, which contain fructose and prostaglandins. Binary Fission Multiple Fission
The fructose is source of energy for sperm migration. 1. Parent divides into 1. Parent divides into
two daughters. many daughters
sperm from the acidic environment of vagina.
2. It takes place 2. It takes place during
Role of prostate gland: during favourable unfavourable condi-
conditions. tions.

chemicals. Its secretion promote sperm production 3. Nothing is left with

while also preventing sperm coagulation. parent. is left.
346 | HP Board - X (Solved Papers)

Question 28. [2] is added to dirty cloth then the hydrophobic part of
What is an Homologous series? Explain with an the soap gets attached to the dirt while the hydrophilic
example. part remains in contact with the water molecules. Due
Solution: to this arrangement the soap molecules form micelles
and trap the dirt at the center. The micelles suspended
A series of compounds having similar structural
inthe water. This form a colloidal solution and the
formulae, the same functional group and hence similar
trapped dirt can be easily rinsed off. This is how the
chemical properties is called a homologous series. In
mechanism of cleansing action of soap works.
the homologous series, any two adjacent members
differ by CH2 unit in their molecular formulae. Note: Soaps have the ability to lower the surface
tension of water and form an emulsion with the oily
For example, homologous series of aldehydes (or
dirt present in water. Soaps are biodegradable in
alkanals) can be presented as:
nature whereas detergents are non-biodegradable.
H—CHO Methanal
Question 30. [3]
CH3—CHO Ethanal
What is Tyndall effect? Give two examples.
CH3—CH2—CHO Propanl Solution:
CH3—CH2—CH2—CHO Butanal The phenomenon of scattering of light by colloidal
CH3—CH2—CH2—CH2—CHO Pentanal and so on. particles is called Tyndall effect. The individual

Section-C the beam visible. The amount of scattering depends on

the frequency of the light and density of the particles.
Long Answer Type Questions
Question 29. [3] the visible beam of headlights in fog is caused by the
Explain the mechanism of the cleansing action of Tyndall effect.
Soaps. Question 31. [3]
Solution: What changes would you suggest in your home in
Mechanism of cleansing action of soap: Soaps are order to be Environment friendly?
sodium or potassium salts of higher fatty acids e.g., Solution:
sodium palmitate, C15H31COO–Na+, sodium stearate, Suggestions in home in order to be environment
C17H35COO–Na+, etc. A molecule of soap consists of friendly:
two parts.
1. Reduce: Use less, save water and electricity by
(i) A long chain hydrocarbon part (C15H35, CnH35 stopping the wastage. Do not waste food.
etc. which is soluble in oil.
2. Recycle: Segregate the wastes so that material
(ii) An ionic part or polar group, —COO–Na+ which which can be recycled should be dumped in place
is soluble in water. for recycling.
Thus a molecule of soap can be represented as: 3. Reuse: e.g., reverse the used
– + envelope and reuse it.
–Na+ Na
Carboxylate Sodium
Ionic part
ion ion Section-D
(Hydroarbon end soap)
Very Long Answer Type Questions
– +
COO Na (Compulsory Question)
Long hydrocarbon chain Ionic part
Question 32.
(Hydrophobic part (Hydrophilic part
soluble in oil) soluble in water) (a) Name the type of mirror used in Headlight of a
The long hydrocarbon chain is insoluble in water but car. Support your answer with reason. [2½]
soluble in oil and greases whereas the ionic or polar (b) Describe Asexual reproduction in Amoeba. [2½]
part is soluble in water. Soap has a capacity to clean Or
a dirty piece of cloth whereas ordinary water cannot.
The dirty clothes contain greasy and oil substance [2½]
(dirty). Soap molecules dissociate in water to give (b) How do Auxins promote the growth of Tendril
–
) and cation (Na+). When soap around a support? [2½]
 Science and Technology (Term-II), March 2023 | 347

Solution: Or
(a) Concave mirror is used in the headlight of a car.
This is because concave mirrors can produce
powerful parallel beam of light source is placed at
1. The ray of light 1. The ray of light when
their principal focus.
coming back in the travels from one
(b) It is normal method same medium after medium to the other
of Asexual reproduction in Amoeba. It occurs falling the polished medium changes its
under favourable conditions. The animal grows surface is called path, this is called
unit it attains the maximum size and then divides refraction of light.
2. It does not need a 2. It needs a set of two
set of two media. transparent media
with changed optical
density.
but not established. It has been suggested that
3. No change in speed 3. Change in speed of
sometimes insides the cyst, the nucleus divides of light occurs. light occurs.
and surrounds itself with cytoplasm to form
(b) Auxin is synthesized at the shoot tip. It helps the
several small amoebulae. At the return of cell grow longer when a tendril comes in contact
with a support, auxin stimulates faster growth of
substrate, the cyst absorbs water and its wall the cells on the opposite side, so that the tendril
burst. The amoebulae escape and soon each one forms a coil around the support. This makes the
grows into new amoeba. tendril appear as a watch spring.
Science and Technology (Term-I) September 2022
Time Allowed : 3 Hours Maximum Marks : 50

(SERIES–A)
Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable.
Marks allotted to each question are indicated against it.
Special Instructions:
(i) You must write Question-Paper Series in the circle at the top left side of title page of your answer-
book.
(ii) While answering your Questions, you must indicate on your Answer-book the same Question no.
as appears in your Question-Paper.
(iii) Do not leave blank page/pages in your answer-book.
(iv) Question-paper contains four sections.
(v) Section-A has 20 MCQ type questions of 1 mark each.
(vi) Section-B has Short answer type questions. Each question is of 2 marks.
(vii) Section-C has Long answer type questions. Each question is of 3 marks.
(viii) Section-D has one Very Long answer type question, which is compulsory (5 marks).

Section–A Question 6. [1]

An element reacts with oxygen to give a compound
Multiple Choice Questions
with a high melting point. The compound is also
Question No. 1 to 20 carries one mark each.
Attempt all questions. soluble in water. The element is likely to be—
Question 1. [1] (a) Calcium (b) Carbon
The formula of Gypsum is : (c) Silicon (d) Iron
1 Solution: (a) Calcium
(a) CaSO4 · H2O (b) CaSO4.2H2O
2 Question 7. [1]
(c) CaCO3 (d) CaOCl2 Which of the following is an ore of mercury?
Solution: (b) CaSO4.2H2O (a) Cinnabar (b) Calamine
Question 2. [1] (c) Haematite (d) Rock salt
ZnCO3 ZnO + CO2 Solution: (a) Cinnabar
This chemical reaction is an example of—
Question 8. [1]
(a) combination reaction
(b) double displacement reaction The xylem in plants is responsible for—
(c) decomposition reaction (a) transport of water
(d) displacement reaction (b) transport of food
Solution: (c) decomposition reaction (c) transport of amino acids
Question 3. [1] (d) transport of oxygen
Which acid is present in Lemon Juice? Solution: (a) transport of water
(a) Oxalic Acid (b) Acetic Acid Question 9. [1]
(c) Lactic Acid (d) Citric Acid
An example of homologous organs is:
Solution: (d) Citric Acid
(a) Our arm and a dog’s fore-leg
Question 4. [1]
(b) Our teeth and an elephant’s tusks
A solution turns red litmus blue, its pH is likely to
be— (c) Potato and runners of grass
(a) 1 (b) 4 (d) All of the above
(c) 5 (d) 10 Solution: (d) All of the above
Solution: (d) 10 Question 10. [1]
Question 5. [1] Which of the following is not an example of a biomass
Which acid is produced in our stomach ? energy source ?
(a) H2SO4 (b) HNO3 (a) Wood (b) Gobar gas
(c) HCI (d) CH3COOH (c) Nuclear energy (d) Coal
Solution: (c) HCI Solution: (c) Nuclear energy
 Science and Technology (Term-I), September 2022 | 349

Question 11. [1]

Section–B
Digestion of Protein starts in :
(a) Small intestine (b) Stomach Short Answer Type Questions
(c) Oesophagus (d) Large intestíne Question 21. [2]
Solution: (b) Stomach Why should a Magnesium ribbon be cleaned before
Question 12. [1] burning in air?
Who formulated the hypothesis that evolution took Solution:
place due to natural selection? Magnesium ribbon should be cleaned with a sand
(a) Lamarck (b) Weismann paper before burning to remove the protective layer
(c) Charles Darwin (d) Mendel of magnesium oxide formed on its surface.
Solution: (c) Charles Darwin Question 22. [2]
Question 13. [1] Why does an aqueous solution of an acid conduct
What should be speed of wind for wind energy ? electricity?
(a) 10 km/h (b) 15 km/h Solution:
(c) 25 km/h (d) 20 km/h The aqueous solution of an acid contains ions such
Solution: (b) 15 km/h as hydrogen ions, H+ (aq) and other anions. Hence it
Question 14. [1] conducts electricity.
Which is the longest part of alimentary canal? Question 23. [2]
(a) Stomach (b) Small intestine What is the role of acid in our stomach?
(c) Large intestine (d) Oesophagus Solution:
Solution: (b) Small intestine Role of acid in our stomach are given as :
Question 15. [1] (i) It provides acidic medium. It is required for action
Which of the following terms does not represent of enzymes. It changes the pH of food from almost
electrical power in a circuit? neutral to acidic medium (from pH 7 to 2).
(a) I2R (b) IR2 (c) VI (d) V2/R (ii) Destroys the bacteria present in food.
Solution: (b) IR 2
(iii) Activates the proenzymes propepsin into active
Question 16. [1] pepsin.
Question 24. [2]
(a) Volt (b) Coulomb -
ered as homologous organs? Why or why not?
Solution: (a) Volt Solution:
Question 17. [1]
Melting point of Tungsten is— be considered as homologous organs. The design of
(a) 1380°C (b) 1380°F the their wings, their structure and components are
(c) 3380°F (d) 3380°C
Solution: (d) 3380°C
Question 18. [1]
A positively-charged particle (alpha-particle) projected Question 25. [2]
What is a good fuel ?
Solution:
(a) Towards South (b) Towards East Good fuel :
(C) Downward (d) Upward
Solution: (d) Upward (ii) It should not produce smoke and also not leave
Question 19. [1] any residue.
The device used for producing electric current is (iii) It should not produce pollution.
called— (iv) It should have low ignition temperature.
(a) generator (b) galvanometer Question 26. [2]
(c) ammeter (d) motor On what factors does the resistance of a conductor
Solution: (a) generator depend?
Question 20. [1] Solution:
The frequency of alternating current is: Resistance (R) of a conductor depends upon length (l)
(a) 50 Hz (b) 100 Hz and area (A) of a conductor. It has been experimentally
(c) 200 Hz (d) 1000 Hz
Solution: (a) 50 Hz R l, the length of the wire
350 | HP Board - X (Solved Papers)

female is having XX sex chromosome. When X

, where A is the area of cross-section of the chomosome of male is fertilized with X chromosome of
female, the child will be female with sex chromosome
wire. XX and if, Y chromosome of male is fertilized with X
Combining the above two relations, we have: chromosome of female, the child will be male with sex
l chromosome XY.
R
A So, basically, the sex of the child is determind by the
father.
l
or R =
A Question 31. [3]
Where What is the function of earth wire ? Why is it necessary
or electrical resistivity of the material of the to earth Metallic appliances?
conductor. Solution:
Question 27. [2] Earth wire is used as a safety measure especially for
Compute the heat generated while transferring 96000 electric appliance having metallic body. The metallic
Coulomb of charge in one hour through a potential body of appliances like electric press, fans toasters,
difference of 50 V. refrigerators etc., are connected to earth wire which
Solution: provides an easy path for current to go to the earth
Q = 96000 C, t = 1 hr. = 3600 sec in case live wire touches the body of appliances
V = 50 V
Q =I×t shock even on touching a defective appliance.
and H = V.l.t
Section–D
So Generated heat
(H) = V.Q Very Long Answer Type Questions
= 50 V × 96000 C (Compulsory Question)
= 48 × 105 J Question 32. [5]
= 4.8 × 106 J. Differentiate between metals and non metals on the
Question 28. [2] basis of their chemical properties.
When does an electric short circuit occur? OR
Solution: Explain the underlying principle and working of an
Electric short-circuit occurs when: electric generator by drawing a labelled diagram. What
(i) Live wire incidentally touches neutral or is the function of brushes in it?
earth wire. Solution:
(ii) Insulation around the current carrying wires
is weak. of chemical properties :
(iii) Insulation gets hardened by the excessive
use.
(iv) Current passed through wire is more than
its rating.

Section–C

Long Answer type questions

Question 29. [3]
Why does the colour of Copper Sulphate solution on
change, when an iron nail is dipped in it ?
Solution:
Iron is more reactive than copper and it is placed above
in reactivity series of metals. When iron nail is placed
in CuSO4 solution, it displaces copper and its colour
gets changed.
CuSO4 + Fe FeSO4 + Cu
Question 30. [3]
How is the sex of child determined in human beings?
Solution:
The sex of child is determind by the fusion of gametes.
In human, male is having XY sex chromosome while
 Science and Technology (Term-I), September 2022 | 351

between the pole pieces N and S of horse-shoe magnet.

At an instant, let AB move down and CD move Up.
The coil AB cut the magnetic lines of force near N-pole
OR of the magnet, side CD cut the lines near S-pole of
Principle–Generators are based on the principle that on
induced current is produced in a conductor whenever
there is change in magnetic lines of force linked with it.

right hand rule stated below:

Fleming’s Right hand Rule.
After rotation, sides AB and DC of the coil will
mutually at right angles to each other such that fore interchange their positions. AB will come towards right
and DC towards left. Now AB starts moving up ovel
thumb along the direction of motion of the conductor, DC downwards. The direction of induced current in
the coil is reversed after half revolution, hence positive
current produced in the coil. or negative polarity of the two ends is also changed.
In India, we produce 50 Hz A.C. Hence coil is to be
Magnetic Field
rotated 50 times per second. In a single rotation, the
current changes its direction twice i.e., each terminal
B Coil C
N S is positive for only = 0.01s and negative
A D
B1 R1 for 0.01s. Since the current alternates its direction every
Conducting Carbon
ring B2 brushes 0.01s, the current produced is called alternating current
R2
of A.C.
Axle
Function of Brushes: Brushes are kept pressed on the
two slip rings separately. Quter ends of the brushes are
G
connected to the galvanometer (or the external load).
Working–Let the coil initially be in horizontal position. Thus brushes help in transferring current from the coil
Let the coil be rotated in anticlockwise direction ABCD to the external circuit.

Science and Technology (Term-I) September 2022

Time Allowed : 3 Hours Maximum Marks : 50
(SERIES–B)
Section–A (a) Oxalic Acid (b) Acetic Acid
(c) Lactic Acid (d) Citric Acid
Multiple Choice Questions
Question No. 1 to 20 carries one mark each. Solution: (a) Oxalic Acid
Attempt all questions. Question 4. [1]
Question 1. [1] The pH value of sodium hydroxide is:
The chemical formula of baking soda is:
(a) 7 (b) 14 (c) 6 (d) 3
(a) Na2CO3 (b) NaHCO3
(c) NaCl (d) CaCO3 Solution: (b) 14
Solution: (b) NaHCO3 Question 5. [1]
Question 2. [1] A solution reacts with crushed egg shells to give a gas
Fe2O3 + 2Al Al2O3 + 2Fe that turns lime water milky. The solution contains:
This chemical reaction is an example of: (a) NaCl (b) HCl
(a) combination reaction (c) LiCl (d) KCl
(b) double displacement reaction Solution: (b) HCI
(c) decomposition reaction Question 6. [1]
(d) displacement reaction Which of the following methods is suitable for
Solution: (d) displacement reaction preventing an iron frying pan from rusting?
Question 3. [1] (a) applying grease
Which acid is present in Tomato ? (b) applying paint
352 | HP Board - X (Solved Papers)

(c) applying a coating of zinc Question 16. [1]

(d) all of the above The device which is used to measure voltage is—
Solution: (c) applying a coating of zinc (a) Voltmeter (b) Ammeter
Question 7. [1] (c) Rheostat (d) Galvanometer
Give an example of a metal which can be easily cut Solution: (a) Voltmeter
with a knife– Question 17. [1]
(a) Na (b) K The element of electric heating devices is made of—
(c) Ag (d) Zn (a) Tungsten (b) Argon
(c) Iron (d) Nichrome
Solution: (a) Na
Solution: (d) Nichrome
Question 8. [1]
Question 18. [1]
The breakdown of pyruvate to give carbon dioxide,
At the time of short circuit the current in the circuit:
water and energy takes place in–
(a) reduces substantially
(a) Cytoplasm (b) Mitochondria (b) does not change
(c) Chloroplast (d) Nucleus (c) increase heavily
Solution: (b) Mitochondria
(d) vary continuously
Question 9. [1]
Solution: (c) increase heavily
In evolutionary terms we have more in common with:
(a) a chinese school boy (b) a chimpanzee Question 19. [1]
(c) a spider (d) a bacterium
Solution: (a) a chinese school boy carrying current –
Question 10. [1] (a) is zero
Most of the sources of energy we use represent stored (b) decreases as we move towards end
solar energy. Which of the following is not ultimately (c) increases as we move towards end
derived from the Sun’s energy?
(a) Geothermal energy (b) Wind energy (d) is the same at all the points
(c) Nuclear energy (d) Biomass Solution: (d) is the same at all the points
Solution: (c) Nuclear energy Question 20. [1]
Question 11. [1] In an electric circuit the symbol used to denote volt-
Which enzyme is present in saliva: meter is—
(a) Amylase (b) Pepsin + –
(a)
(c) Bile Juice (d) All of the above
(b) +V–
Solution: (a) Amylase
Question 12. [1] (c) +A–
Who is the father of genetics ? +G –
(d)
(a) Charles Darwin (b) Robert Hooke
Solution: (b) +V–
(c) John Mendel (d) Robert Brown
Solution: (c) John Mendel Section–B
Question 13. [1]
Which country is known as the country of winds? Short Answer type questions
(a) India (b) Italy Question 21. [2]
(c) France (d) Denmark
Solution: (d) Denmark nitrogen. Why?
Question 14. [1] Solution:
Respiratory pigment in human body is- Oil and fat containing food items become rancid and
(a) Chlorophyll (b) Water their smell and taste change when these are oxidised.
(c) Blood (d) Haemoglobin This is why antioxidants are added to foods containing
Solution: (d) Haemoglobin
Question 15. [1]
The SI unit of electric current is:
Question 22. [2]
(a) Volt (b) Coulomb
Why do acids not show acidic behaviour in the absence
Solution: (d) Ampere of water?
 Science and Technology (Term-I), September 2022 | 353

Solution: Question 26. [2]

Hydrogen ions in acids are produced in the presence Why does the cord of an electric heater not glow while
of water. The separation of H+ ion from acid molecules
heating element does?
cannot occur in the absence of water. Hydrogen ions
cannot exist alone, but they exist after combining with Solution:
2
water molecules. This is why hydrogen ions are shown
as H+(aq) or hydronium ion (H3O+) R is the resistance. Current is the same in cord and in
Question 23. [2] heating element. Resistance R of the cord is negligible
since it is made up of copper (Which has very low
haemoglobin in our bodies ? resistivity) while heating element is made of nichrome
Solution: whose resistivity is 6,000 times more than copper, So,
heating element made of nichrome gets heated up
bodies– much more than copper.
1. Weakness Question 27. [2]
2. Headache
An electric iron of resistance 20 takes a current of 5
3. Shortness of breath
A. Calculate the heat developed in 30 s.
4. Pain in chest
5. Dizziness Solution:
6. Extreme tiredness Given, I = 5 A, R = 20 , t = 30 s
Question 24. [2] Produced Heat (H) = I2Rt
Explain the terms analogous and homologous organs
= (5A)2 × 20 × 30 s
with example.
Solution: = 1.5 × 104 J.
Analogous Organs Question 28. [2]
their structure and origin but similar in function. Such What is the role of the split rings in an electric motor?
organs are known as analogous organs. The presence Solution:
The split ring act as a commutator in D.C. motar i.e.,
it is a device which reverses the direction of current
indicates convergent evolution. through the circuit after every half cycle.
Example : The wings of insects and vertebrates perform
the same function. Section–C
Homologous organs
Long Answer Type Questions
Question 29. [3]
similar. Such organs are called homologous organs. What is the difference between the displacement and
Example–Fore limbs of amphibians, birds and double displacement reactions? Write equations for
mammals have same fundamental structural plans but these reactions.
Solution:
Question 25. [2] Displacement Reaction—In this reaction, a more active
What are disadvantages of fossil fuels? element displaces less active element from solution of
Solution: its compound.
Though fossil fuels are frequently used as a source of Fe(s) + CuSO4(aq) FeSO4(aq) + Cu(s)
energy, there are number of disadvantages of using
Zn(s) + CuSO4(aq) ZnSO4(aq) + Cu(s)
them.
1. There are only limited reserves of fossil fuel. Double Displacement Reaction—The reaction in
which there is on exchange of ions between two
These fuels were formed over millions of years.
If we continue to use them at present rate, we reactants is called a double displacement reaction.
would soon run out of energy. AgNO3(aq) + NaCl(aq) AgCl(s) + NaNO3 (aq)
2. Fossil fuels are non-renewable source of energy. BaCl2(aq) + Na2SO4(aq) BaSO4(s) + 2NaCl(aq)
3. Fossil fuels cause air pollution. Question 30. [3]
4. Oxides of carbon, nitrogen and sulphur released What are fossils? What do they tell us about the process
on burning of fossil fuels are acidic oxides. of evolution?
Solution:
soil resources. Fossils are preserved remains, tracks or traces of
5. Carbon dioxide produced by burning of fossil fuel organisms that lived in the past. Fossils have been
found linking all major groups of vertebrates.
354 | HP Board - X (Solved Papers)

If oil or greese is put on the surface of the water so,

1. Fossils are direct evidences in support of that there is no contact between water and air, then
evolution. the nails will not rust.
2. Living forms with simple organization appeared A B C
earlier than the complex forms. We can conclude
this because fossils of lower layers of the earth
are simple as compared to fossils of the upper
layers. Air Air Dry
3. Several form bearing intermediate characters air
indicate the transition from an earlier simple to Layer
a later complex form. Fossils of Archaeopteryx of oil
(prevents
X serves as a missing link between reptiles and air
birds. This bird has wings and unlike birds, it Rusty dissolving
had teeth and a long tail. iron in the
nails water)
4. On the basis of fossil records, complete
evolutionary history of present day horse, has Water
been studied.
Question 31. [3]
List the properties of Magnetic lines of force.
Boiled distilled Anhydrous
Solution:
water (boiled to calcium chloride
Properties of Magnetic lines of Force: remove to any (drying agent)
1. They emerge from North pole of the magnet and dissolved air)
enter the South pole. Ways to prevent rusting of iron:
2. The two magnetic lines of force never intersect (1) Greasing : If a layer of oil or grease is deposited
each other. on the iron, then the moist air does not come in
3. Inside the magnet, they are from south to north contact with the iron, due to which rust occurs.
pole. The same is done on the parts of machines.
4. They have a tendency to contract lengthwise. (2) Rusting is controlled by applying a layer of
paint on the surface of enameled iron. A layer
poles. of enamel is applied on buses, cars, scooters,
5. They exist lateral pressure upon each other. This windows, trains etc.
explains repulsion between like poles. (3) By applying plastic coating, the iron surface is
covered with plastic. This is how iron furniture
Section–D is protected.
(4) Galvanisation : The folding of zinc on iron
Very Long Answer Type Questions
is called galvanisation. By this method, iron
(Compulsory Question)
buckets, tubs drums, iron sheets are protected
Question 32. [5]
from rust.
What is meant by rusting? What are essential
conditions required for rusting? State the major ways (5) By turning it into steel : Iron is saved from rust
by turning it into steel.
to prevent rusting of iron.
OR
OR
Human Digestive System
Describe the digestive system in human beings with
1. Mammalian (human) alimentary canal comprises
diagram.
mouth, buccal cavity, pharynx oesophagus,
Solution:
stomach, small intestine (duodenum, jejunum
The brown coloured layer formed by the deposit on and ileum), large intenstine (caecum, colon and
the surface of iron is called rust. It is a compound of rectum), and anus.
iron (III) oxide and iron (III) hydroxide. It weakens the 2. Digestive glands include salivary glands, gastric
surface of the iron. Due to this, there is alot of damage glands, intestinal glands, liver and pancreas.
to the articles made of iron. 3. Buccal cavity contains teeth and tongue,
The presence of moisture and air is essential for rusting and receive glands (parotid, submaxillary,

take three test tubes and put shiny rust-free nails in masticaion of food. Teeth are the the codent,
them, then the nails immersed in water will get rusted. heterodont and diphyodont.
 Science and Technology (Term-I), September 2022 | 355

4. Buccal cavity of man. The mouth is a slit-like opening of bile pancreatic duct. It also receives
aperture bounded by two lips. It leads to buccal the opening of stomach. Jejunum is 25 cm long.
cavity. Its roots is formed of hard plate, continue It lies above and left beyond duodenum.
as soft palate and hangs as uvula. The sides of Ileum is 180 cm long. Its inner lining is thrown
into numerus rill.
present a muscular sensory organ called tongue. 9. Large Intestine—The large intestine is about 1.5
The oral cavity is supported by bones of jaws. The metres long. It is divided into following parts.
oral cavity contains the glands, tongue and teeth. i.e. the vermiform appendix the colon and the
reitum caecum is blind tube and represented by
5. Pharynx: It is a vertical tube. It is a cross passage
vermiform appendix and is present below the
junction of small and large intestine.
Rectum is the last part and opens to outside by
during swallowing of food to ensure the passage anus guarded by anal sphincter.
of food into oesophagus (food pipe).
6. Oesophagus: It is 25 cm long narrow muscular Human Digestive System
straight tube. It runs downwards through the
chest behind heart and passes through the
diaphragm into the abdomen. Here, it opens into Parotid gland
stomach. Oesophagus propels the swallowed Pharynx
food into stomach. Oesophagus
7. Stomach: It is a sac-like structure situated in
the upper part of abdominal cavity below the
diaphragm. Large part of this sac is situated
left of the median line. The stomach is divisible Liver
Stomach
into three parts namely cardiac, fundus or Gall bladder
body and pylorus. At the junction of stomach Duodenum
and duodenum is a pyloric constriction having Pancreas
pyloric sphincter. Small intestine
8. Small intestine is the longest part of alimentary Large intestine
canal. It is thin walled and highly coiled tubular
structure. It is about 3–3.5 meters long and Appendix
occupies most part of abdominal cavity. It is Rectum
Anus
regions viz, duodenum, Jejunum and ileum. Human Digestive System
Duodenum is 25 cm long C shaped. It receives the

Science and Technology (Term-I) September 2022

Time Allowed : 3 Hours Maximum Marks : 50

(SERIES–C)

Section–A (b) Decomposition reaction

(c) Displacement reaction
Multiple Choice Questions (d) Redox reaction
Question No. 1 to 20 carries one mark each. Solution: (c) Displacement reaction
Attempt all questions. Question 3. [1]
Question 1. [1] Which acid is present in curd?
The formula of quick lime is: (a) Oxalic Acid (b) Acetic Acid
(a) Ca(OH)2 (b) CaOCl2 (c) Methanoic Acid (d) Lactic Acid
(c) CaO (d) CaCO3 Solution: (d) Lactic Acid
Solution: (c) CaO Question 4. [1]
Question 2. [1]
Fe + CuSO4 FeSO4 + Cu (a) O2 (b) N2
This chemical reaction is an example of: (c) CO2 (d) H2
(a) Combination reaction Solution: (c) CO2
356 | HP Board - X (Solved Papers)

Question 5. [1] Question 15. [1]

Which one of the following types of medicines is used The SI unit of electric charge is:
for treating indigestion : (a) Volt (b) Coulomb
(a) antibiotic (b) analgesic
(c) antacid (d) antiseptic Solution: (b) Coulomb
Solution: (c) antacid Question 16. [1]
Question 6. [1]
The device used to detect the presence of electríc
Food cans are coated with tin and not with zinc because:
current is–
(a) zinc is costlier than tin
(b) zinc has a higher melting point than tin (a) Generator (b) Galvanometer
(c) zinc is more reactive than tin (c) Ammeter (d) Motor
(d) zinc is less reactive than tin Solution: (b) Galvanometer
Solution: (c) zinc is more reactive than tin Question 17. [1]
Question 7. [1] In an electric circuit ammeter is always connected in–
Name one metal which is found in nature in the free (a) Series (b) Parallel
state—
(c) Both of the above (d) None of these
(a) Au (b) Na
(c) Cu (d) Zn Solution: (a) Series
Solution: (a) Au Question 18. [1]
Question 8. [1] A rectangular coil of copper wire is rotated in a
The kidney in human beings are a part of the system for magnetic field. The direction of induced current
(a) nutrition (b) respiration changes once in each:
(c) excretion (d) transportation (a) two revolutions (b) one revolution
Solution: (c) excretion (c) half revolution (d) one-fourth revolution
Question 9. [1] Solution: (c) half revolution
Mendel choose which plant to formulate the rule of Question 19. [1]
inheritance:
(a) Radish (b) Pea dc generator is that:
(c) Potato (d) Brinjal (a) ac generator has an electromagnet while dc
Solution: (b) Pea generator has permanent magnet.
Question 10. [1] (b) dc generator will generate a higher voltage.
A solar water heater cannot be used to get hot water (c) ac generator will generate a higher voltage.
on a:
(d) ac generator has slip rings while the dc generator
(a) sunny day (b) cloudy day
has a commutator.
(c) hot day (d) windy day
Solution: (a) ac generator has an electromagnet while
Solution: (b) cloudy day
dc generator has permanent magnet.
Question 11. [1]
Proteins after digestion are converted into— Question 20. [1]
(a) Carbohydrates (b) Glycerol Voltage of AC supply in our houses is:
(c) Amino acids (d) Starch (a) 100 V (b) 200 V
Solution: (c) Amino acids (c) 50 V (d) 440 V
Question 12. [1] Solution: (b) 200 V
The human species was originated in— Section–B
(a) America (b) Africa
(c) Australia (d) India Short Answer Type Questions
Solution: (b) Africa Question 21. [2]
Question 13. [1] Why do we apply paint on iron articles ?
Which of the following materials is used to make solar Solution:
cell— We apply paint on iron articles to prevent rusting on
(a) Germanium (b) Silicon the surface of it.
(c) Carbon (d) Sodium Question 22. [2]
Solution: (b) Silicon Why is sodium kept immersed in kerosene oil?
Question 14. [1] Solution:
Normal diastolic pressure of blood in human body is:
(a) 40 mm (b) 60 mm in water. It changes to sodium oxide in the presence of
(c) 120 mm (d) 80 mm air but it does not react with kerosene oil so it is kept
Solution: (d) 80 mm immersed in it.
 Science and Technology (Term-I), September 2022 | 357

Question 23. [2] Solution:

Given,
heterotrophic nutrition? V = 220 V, I = 0.50 A
Solution: P = VI
Autotrophic Nutrition Heterotrophic Nutri- P = 220 V × 0.50 A
tion P = 110 W
1. It occurs in green It occurs in animals Question 28. [2]
plants and green and insectivorous Why two magnetic lines of force do not intersect each
algae. plants. other?
2. CO2 and water are They depend on plants Solution:
raw materials which and herbivores for No two magnetic lines of force cross each other because
combine to form or- their food. if they did so, it means that at the point of intersection,
ganic compound. the compass needle would point towards two directions
3. They need chlorophyll There is no need of which is not possible. Hence two magnetic lines never
and sunlight. such things. intersect each other.
Question 24. [2]
Section–C
materials in xylem and phloem ? Long Answer Type Questions
Solution: Question 29. [3]
Xylem Phloem Explain the following terms with one example each:
1. Xylem transports wa- Phloem transports (a) Corrosion
ter and minerals from prepared food (sugars (b) Rancidity
roots to the leaves and amino acids) from Solution:
and other parts of the the leaves to the other (a) Corrosion:
plants. parts of the plant body materials usually metals, deteriorate as a result of a
and to the storage chemical reaction with air, moisture, chemicals etc.
organs. For example: Iron in the presence of moisture reacts
with oxygen to form hydrated iron oxide.
2. Conducting elements Conducting elements
are tracheids and ves- of phloem are sieve 4Fe + 3O2 + nH2O 2Fe2O3 · nH2O
sels, which are dead tubes, which are living (Hydrated iron oxide)
elements. cells. This hydrated iron oxide is rust.
Question 25. [2] (b) Rancidity: The process of oxidation of fats and oils
What are the advantages of nuclear energy? that can be easily noticed by the change in taste and
Solution: smell is known as rancidity.
Nuclear energy is preferred to fossil energy, hydro Example
energy, thermal energy, etc. for the following reasons : kept for long.
1. A small space is required to get nuclear energy Question 30. [3]
as compared to harness hydro energy, thermal What are the advantages and disadvantages of using
energy etc. a solar cooker?
2. It produces much more energy than other Solution:
conventional sources. Advantages of using solar cooker:
3. It costs less. 1. It does not produce any pollution.
2. Its working cost is virtually zero.
4. It causes less pollution than fossil fuels.
3. It saves fuel.
Question 26. [2]
4. Since the food is cooked at comparatively low
Why is the tungsten used almost exclusively for
temperature, hence nutrients of food are not
destroyed during cooking.
Solution: 5. More than one item can be cooked at the same
time.
electric lamp as melting point of tungsten is very high. Disadvantages of using solar cooker:
Hence tungsten can be heated to very high temperature. 1. Solar energy is not available all the time. It cannot
Question 27. [2] be used during night and on cloudy days.
An electric bulb is connected to a 220 V generator. If 2. Direction of solar cooker has to be changed timely.
3. It cannot be used for frying purpose.
the power of the bulb ? 4. It cannot cook chapatis.
358 | HP Board - X (Solved Papers)

5. Solar cookers cannot be used at places where there

healthy growth.
3. Too much acid in stomach causes pain and
Question 31. [3] irritation. We need antacids to get rid of these
What precautions should be taken to avoid the symptoms of digestion.
overloading in domestic electric circuits ? 4. When pH in the mouth is below 5.5, the mouth
Solution: produces acids by degradation of sugar and food
Precautions to be taken to avoid the overloading of particles. It causes tooth decay.
domestic electric circuits. It can be prevented by using basic natural tooth
1. Wires used for carrying current should be of pastets.
proper current rating. 5. Human blood has pH 7.4. If pH charges in blood,
2. Wire of low current rating may be used for proper function of our body get disturbed.
lighting electric bulbs, tubes, T.V. etc. Whereas OR
wires of higher current rating should be used for
A.C., heating appliances, etc.
3. Separate circuit should be there for heating Aerobic Anaerobic
appliance. Respiration Respiration
4. Each circuit should have a fuse of proper rating. 1. It takes place in It takes place in the
5. Wire should be replaced by new wires of proper the presence of absence of oxygen.
rating after every 3-4 years. oxygen.
6. PVC of good quality shoud be used. 2. It is completed It is completed in
in cytoplasm and the cytoplasm only.
Section–D mitochondria of
cells.
Very Long Answer Type Questions 3. It involves It involves the
(Compulsory Question) the complete incomplete
Question 32. [5] oxidation of oxidation of glucose
Discuss the importance of pH in daily life. glucose into CO2 into CO2 and
OR and water and alcohol or lactic acid
What are the differences between aerobic respiration large amount and less amount of
and anaerobic respiration? of energy is energy is released
Solution: released.
Importance of pH in daily life. 4. This process is It is toxic to plants
1. It is necessary to know pH of rain water because harmless.
excessive presence of acidic gases in rain is 5. C6H12O6 + 6O2 C6H12O6
harmful for the survival of aquatic life in rivers 6CO2 + 6H2O + 2C2H5OH + 2CO2 +
carrying acid rain water. 673 Kcal 21 Kcal
Science and Technology (Term-II) March 2022
Time Allowed : 3 Hours Maximum Marks : 50

(SERIES–A)

Section–A (a) (b)

(c) Bi-focal lens (d) None of these.
Question no. 1 to 20 carries one mark each. Solution: (a)
Attempt all questions. Question 11. [1]
Question 1. [1]
The formula of ethyne is :
(a) C2H4 (b) C2H2 (c) C2H6 (d) C2H8 (a) 5% (b) 10% (c) 10.5% (d) 11%
Solution: (b) C2H2 Solution: (b) 10%
Question 2. [1] Question 12. [1]
Valence electrons in Aluminium are ............
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
Solution: (c) 3
Question 3. [1] (a) 2200 km (b) 2300 km
(c) 2400 km (d) 2500 km
(a) (b) Rhizopus Solution: (d) 2500 km
(c) Yeast (d) Amoeba Question 13. [1]
Solution: (d) Amoeba
Question 4. [1]
(a) Refuse (b) Re-use
(a) (b) (c) (d) —OH (c) (d) Re-cycle
Solution: (c)
Question 14. [1]
Solution: (c) – CHO C3H is the formula of
Question 5. [1] (a) Propane (b) Propene
(c) Propyne (d) Propanone
(a) Al (b) Na (c) Mg (d) P Solution: (a) Propane
Solution: (b) Na Question 15. [1]
Question 6. [1]
(a) H (b) Li (c) B (d) Na
(a) (b) Solution: (a) H
(c) Testis (d) Uterus Question 16. [1]
Solution: (d) Uterus
Question 7. [1] (a) Virus (b)
(c) Protozoa (d) Bacteria
Solution: (d) Bacteria
(a) (b) Pea (c) Potato (d) Brinjal Question 17. [1]
Solution: (b) Pea
2
Question 8. [1] (a) (b)
- (c) (d) None of these
Solution: (b)
(a) 90° (b) 30° (c) 45° (d) 80° Question 18. [1]
Solution: (a)
Question 9. [1] (a) Iris (b) Cornea
(c) Ciliary muscles (d) Retina
Solution: (b) Cornea
(a) Pupil (b) Retina Question 19. [1]
(c) Ciliary muscles (d) Iris
Solution: (c) Ciliary muscles
Question 10. [1] (a) increases (b)
- (c) remains same (d) None of these
Solution: (b)
360 | HP Board - X (Solved Papers)

Question 20. [1] Question 26. [2]

(a) Atomic number (b) Number of neutrons

Solution:
(c) Atomic mass (d) None of these
Solution: (a) Atomic number

Section—B Question 27. [2]

Short Answer type questions (Do any eight)

Question 21. [2]
Solution:

structure also.
Solution: Question 28. [2]
Chemical formula of Butanone C4H8O Structure

Solution:

in an area together with the non-living constitute the

Question 22. [2]
etc.
Question 29. [2]
Solution:
Saturated Hydrocarbons are those compounds which
contain single bond in their molecule. Example of Solution:
saturated hydrocarbon is Propane.

Question 30. [2]

Question 23. [2] Solution:

Covalent bond: It is the bond formed by equal
also. contribution and mutual sharing of electrons between
Solution: two atoms.

the centre of nucleus and the outermost shell of an

isolated atom. Also the atomic radius of a non-metallic Section-C

nuclei of two atoms bound by a single covalent bond. Long Answer type questions (Do any Three)
Question 31. [3]
Unit = Å or pm (picometer)
e.g. Atomic radius of hydrogen atom = 37 pm.
Solution:
Question 24. [2]
Newland’s law of octaves: It states that when the el-
ements are arranged in the ascending order of their
Solution:
Question 25. [2]
note of an octave of music. It was given in 1866.
Solution: There were certain limitations of Newland’s law
The ovaries of girls contain thousands of immature of octave:
1. It was applicable up to calcium only.
maturing. One egg is produced every month by one 2. Sometimes two elements were put in the same
slot.
released from the ovary on the 14th day prior to the
was not valid.
it lives for about one day. The lining of uterus slowly Question 32. [3]
breaks and comes out through vagina as blood and
mucous. The cycle takes place every month and is
called menstruation. It usually lasts for about two to Solution:
preparing itself and the cycle gets repeated.
 Science and Technology (Term-II), March 2022 | 361

Question 33. [3] Question 35. [5]

Solution: OR
Mendel selected true breeding tall (TT) and dwarf (i)

1 [2½]
the gene causing dwarfness is recessive.) The trait ex- (ii)
pressing itself in the hybrid is the dominant one. [2½]
Solution:

one factor inhibits the appearance of the other.

The one which inhibits is the dominant one and OR
which is inhibited is recessive. (i) Trophic levels: The various steps in a food chain
Question 34. [3] where transfer of food (energy) takes place are
called trophic levels. Producer (green plants) form
Solution:
a sequential list of one organism consuming the
-
other. It is always straight.
Example of food chain

in the same plane.

2. i= r
i = incident ray
r=

This food chain contain 5 trophic levels.

(ii) Decomposers feed on the dead bodies of plants

They return the simple components to soil and

Section-D help in making the steady state of ecosystem
Decomposers are essential component of an
Very Long Answer type questions
ecosystem.
(Compulsory Question)

Science and Technology (Term-II) March 2022

Time Allowed : 3 Hours Maximum Marks : 50
(SERIES–B)
Section–I MCQ (Note:-

Question no. 1 to 20 carries one mark each. Question 3. [1]

Attempt all questions.
Question 1. [1] (a) Rhizopus (b)
Chemical formula of ethene is : (c) Yeast (d) Amoeba
(a) C2H4 (b) C2H2 (c) C2H6 (d) C2H8 Solution: (b) and (c)
Solution: (a) C2H4 Question 4. [1]
Question 2. [1]
Valence electrons in Potassium are ........ (a) (b) (c) (d)—OH
(a) 2 (b) 5 (c) 8 (d) 9
Solution: (a) 1
362 | HP Board - X (Solved Papers)

Solution: (a) Question 15. [1]

Question 5. [1] (a) He (b) Be (c) C (d) N

Solution: (b) Be
Question 16. [1]
(a) Al (b) Na (c) Mg (d) P
Solution: (c) C H10
Question 6. [1] (a) Butene (b) Butyne
(c) Butane (d) Butanone
Solution: (c) Butane
(a) (b) uterus
Question 17. [1]
(c) scrotum (d)
Solution: (c) scrotum
Question 7. [1] (a) Virus (b)
(c) Protozoa (d) Bacteria
Solution: (a) Virus
(a) (b) Robert Hook Question 18. [1]
(c) (d)
Solution: (c)
Question 8. [1] (a) (b) Refraction
(c) (d) Dispersion
(a) (b) Solution: (d) Dispersion
(c) Plane mirror (d) All types of mirror Question 19. [1]
Solution: (d) All types of mirror 2
Question 9. [1] (a) (b)
(c) (d) None of these
Solution: (c)
Question 20. [1]
(a) (b) Primary consumers
(c) (d) Tertiary consumers
Solution: (b) Primary consumers (a) Atomic number (b) Number of neutrons
Question 10. [1] (c) Atomic mass (d) None of these.
Solution: (c) Atomic mass

(a) 25 m (b) 2.5 cm (c) 25 cm (d) 2.5 m Section—B

Solution: (c) 25 cm Short Answer type questions (Do any eight)
Question 11. [1] Question 21. [2]

(a) its structure also.

(b) Solution:
(c) Chemical formula of Propanone is C3H6O Structure:
(d)
Solution: (a)
Question 12. [1]
Question 22. [2]
(a) (b)
(c) Bi-focal lens (d) None of these
Solution: (c) Bi-focal lens Solution:
Question 13. [1] Saturated hydrocarbon: Propane
Unsaturated hydrocarbon: Benzene
Question 23. [2]
(a) (b) Refuse
(c) Reuse (d) Re-cycle
Solution: (c) Reuse Solution:
Question 14. [1]

(a) 1958 (b) 1982 (c) 1985 (d) 1995 Question 24. [2]
Solution: (c)
 Science and Technology (Term-II), March 2022 | 363

Solution: Solution:
-
melon. we can know its period number from the number of
Question 25. [2] shells present in its atom and from numbers of electrons
in the valence shell of its atoms we can know its group
Solution: number e.g. let us consider the case of sodium atom.
Atomic number of Sodium = 11

girls at the time of puberty are:

Number of shells = 3
2. Broadening of pelvis. Sodium belongs to 3rd period
Also sodium atom has one electron in its valence
4. Increase in subcutaneous fat. shell.
5. Initiation of menstruation and ovulation.
Question 26. [2]
Modern Periodic Table.

Section-C
Solution:
Long Answer type questions (Do any three)
Question 31. [3]
Question 27. [2]

Solution:
Solution:

Question 32. [3]

Question 28. [2]
Solution:

Solution:
Question 33. [3]
simple components are restored to environment.
Solution:
example of recycling in which dung and faeces
are ulitised to produce gobar gas or biogas for
Question 34. [3]
cooking and the remains form important manure.
Question 29. [2]

Solution:
Solution:
the harmful pollutants (such as pesticides) enter the
change so drastically that their survival becomes food chain and get accumulated more and more at
each successive trophic level of organisms is called

that water would die. Only few variants resistant to Illustration:

birds started declining. It was detected that concentra-

tion of DDT had increased 300 times in phytoplank-
survival of the species. ton relative to concentration in water. Zooplankton
-

organisms. other persistent pesticides and radionucleides also

Question 30. [2]
364 | HP Board - X (Solved Papers)

- the pollen tube penetrates the ovule. One male gam-

-
tion of harmful pesticides goes up to 8000 times from and the other fuses with the two polar nuclei or the
secondary nucleus in the middle to form the triploid
primary endosperm nucleus. This is called double
Section-D -
Very Long Answer type questions
(Compulsory Question) -
Question 35. [5] ments contribute towards the formation of seed coat.
The food is stored in the cotyledons or the endosperm.

becoming seed.
(i)
(i) The advantages of exploiting resources with
(ii) short term aims:
1. Concept of sustainable development
Solution: encourages forms of growth.
2. Economic development is linked to
environmental conservation.
Sexual reproduction in plants is the process of fu- (ii)
sion of the male gamete (pollen grains) with an egg
or oosphere. Pollen grain germinates on stigma and

Science and Technology (Term-II) March 2022

Time Allowed : 3 Hours Maximum Marks : 50

(SERIES–C)
Section–A Question 6. [1]

Question no. 1 to 20 carries one mark each. (a) Testis (b)

Attempt all questions. (c) (d)
Question 1. [1] Solution: (b)
Chemical formula of ethane is : Question 7. [1]
(a) C2H4 (b) C2H2 (c) C2H6 (d) C2H8
(a) Ribosome
Solution: (c) C2H6 (c) (d) Chromosome
Question 2. [1] Solution: (c)
Valence electrons in Chlorine are ..... Question 8. [1]
(a) 1 (b) 4 (c) 7 (d) 8
Solution: (c) 7
Question 3. [1] (a) (b)
(c) plastic (d) clay
(a) Solution: (d) clay
(c) Yeast (d) Amoeba Question 9. [1]
Solution: (a)
(a) Cornea (b) Iris (c) Pupil (d)Retina
Question 4. [1]
Solution: (d) Retina
Question 10. [1]
(a) (b) (c) (d)—OH
(a) (b) Primary consumers
(c) (d) Tertiary consumers
Solution: (d) —OH Solution: (b)
Question 5. [1] Question 11. [1]

(a) Al (b) P (c) Si (d) Ar (a) (b)

Solution: (c) Si (c) Bi-focal lens (d) None of these
 Science and Technology (Term-II), March 2022 | 365

Solution: (a) Solution:

Question 12. [1] Chemical formula of ethanoic acid = CH3COOH

(a) (b) Coliform

(c) Streptococcus (d)
Solution: (b) Coliform Question 22. [2]
Question 13. [1]
C H12 is the formula of Solution:
(a) Pentene (b) Pentane
(c) Pentyne (d) Pentanone
Question 23. [2]
Solution: (b) Pentane
Question 14. [1]
Solution:

Question 24. [2]

(c) Re-purpose (d) Re-cycle
Solution: (c) Re-purpose
Solution:
Question 15. [1]
2
Question 25. [2]
(a) (b) What is the far point and near point of the human eye
(c) (d) None of these
Solution: (a) Solution:
Question 16. [1]

(a) Virus (b) for normal vision. Near point is the distance of nearest
(c) Protozoa (d) Bacteria point beyond which a person can see distinctly. It is 25
Solution: (d) Bacteria cm for normal vision.
Question 17. [1] Question 26. [2]

Solution:
(a) H (b) Li (c) B (d) Na
Solution: (c) B
Question 18. [1] Question 27. [2]
In a terrestrial ecosystem approximately what
What will happen if we kill all the organisms in one
percentage of the solar energy is converted into food
Solution:
(a) 1% (b) 1.5% (c) 2% (d) 10%
Solution: (a) 1% will be created in the food chain.
Question 19. [1] Example : If we kill population of frogs in the following
Which part of the eye controls the amount of light
a great extent and in turn they will damage the green
(a) Iris (b) Cornea plants.
(c) Ciliary muscles (d) Pupil Insects
Solution: (a) Iris Question 28. [2]
Question 20. [1] How many groups and periods are there in Modern

Solution:
(a) Atomic number (b) Number of neutrons There are 18 groups and 7 periods in Modern periodic
(c) Atomic mass (d) None of these table.
Solution: (c) Atomic mass Question 29. [2]

Section—B Solution:
Due to some reason the eye lens becomes cloudy which
Short Answer type questions (Do any eight) causes blurry vision. This is called cataract. It can be
Question 21. [2] removed by surgery. By replacing it with a contact lens
Write the chemical formula of ethanoic acid and draw
its structure also.
366 | HP Board - X (Solved Papers)

Question 30. [2] (ii)

What changes would you suggest in your home in 2½]
Solution:
Solution:

Section-C

Long Answer type questions (Do any three)

Question 31. [3]

Solution: following parts.

1. Ovary : There are two ovaries in the pelvic cavity
has a tendency to bend around it and not travel in a which are very small in size. Eggs are made in
the ovary. The epithelium of the inner surface of
of light.
the ovary is a thin layer of cells called the germ
Question 32. [3]
epithelium. Its cells divide to form follicle and
What were the limitations of Newland’s Law of
egg. The cavity of the ovary contains connective
Solution: tissue called stroma. Each follicle has a germ cell
surrounded by stroma cells. As a result of meiotic

Question 33. [3]

What are the advantages of sexual reproduction over to the uterus and other end remains open near
the ovary. There is a fringed structure at its end
Solution:

Question 34. [3] it moves towards the uterus. Egg fertilization

takes place in the fallopian tube itself. If the egg
examples.
the vagina and comes out of the vagina during
Solution:
menstruation.
Food Chain Food Web 3. Uterus: It is a muscular structure situated between
1. 1. the bladder and the rectum. The fallopian tubes
sequential list open into the upper parts on either side of it. The
lower end of the uterus is less wide and opens
into the vagina. The inner wall of the uterus is
other. in an ecosystem. made up of the endometrium. The main function
2. 2. of the uterus is to provide shelter and food to the
chains are fertilized egg during the developmental period-
until the fetus develops and takes birth as an
infant.
4. Vagina: The uterus open outside through a long
muscular tube called vagina. Its back part opens

which opens into the vagina for urine expulsion.

5. Vulva: The vagina opens outwards through an
opening which is called vulva.

Section-D (i)

Very Long Answer type questions (ii) Contraceptive methods are mainly adopted
(Compulsory Question) to prevent pregnancy. They can also be used
Question 35. [5] to increase the age gap of children. The use
Explain the human female reproductive system with of condoms can also prevent infection of
a well-labelled diagram.
the mother. By adopting contraceptive methods
(i) rapidly increasing population in our country can
2½] be controlled.
Science And Technology (Term-I) December 2021
Time Allowed : 3 Hours Maximum Marks : 50

(SERIES–A)
Section-A Question 9.
Thinking is done by which part of brain:
Q. No. 1 to 20 carries one mark each. (a) Fore-brain (b) Mid-brain
Attempt all questions. (c) Hind-brain (d) Spinal cord
Question 1. Answer : (a) Fore-brain
The formula of slaked lime is: Question 10.
(a) CaOCl2 (b) CaCO3 Normal systolic pressure of blood in human body is:
(c) Ca(OH)2 (d) CaSO4 (a) 120 mm of Hg (b) 100 mm of Hg
Answer : (c) Ca(OH)2 (c) 80 mm of Hg (d) 90 mm of Hg
Question 2. Answer : (a) 120 mm of Hg
HCl + NaOH NaCl + H2O Question 11.
This chemical reaction is an example of: Another name for bio catalyst is:
(a) Exothermic (b) Redox (a) enzymes (b) hormones
(c) Displacement (d) Neutralization (c) reactants (d) catalysts
Answer : (d) Neutralization Answer : (a) enzymes
Question 3. Question 12.
Which is the most reactive element in reactivity series?
(a) Cu (b) Au kidney is called
(c) Na (d) K
Answer : (d) K
Question 4. Answer : (d) dialysis
Which acid is present in vinegar?
Question 13.
(a) Oxalic acid (b) Acetic acid
Main center of control and coordination in human
(c) Methanoic acid (d) Lactic acid
body is:
Answer : (b) Acetic acid
(a) heart (b) brain
Question 5.
(c) stomach (d) lungs
The pH value of acid rain is:
Answer : (b) brain
(a) Less than 5.6 (b) More than 5.6
(c) 0 (d) 7 Question 14.
Answer : (a) Less than 5.6 Which of the following is not an example of a biomass
energy source?
Question 6.
Which one of the following types of medicines is used (a) wood (b) gobar gas
for treating indigestion? (c) nuclear energy (d) coal
(a) antibiotic (b) analgesic Answer : (c) nuclear energy
(c) antacid (d) antiseptic Question 15.
Answer : (c) antacid The SI unit of electric current is:
Question 7. (a) Volt (b) Coulomb
An element reacts with oxygen to give a compound (c) Watt (d) Ampere
with the high melting point. This compound is also Answer : (d) Ampere
soluble in water. The element is likely to be: Question 16.
(a) calcium (b) carbon The device which is used to measure voltage is:
(c) silicon (d) iron (a) Voltmeter (b) Ammeter
Answer : (b) carbon (c) Rheostat (d) Galvanometer
Question 8. Answer : (a) Voltmeter
The kidneys in human beings are a part of the system Question 17.
for: At the time of short circuit the current in the circuit:
(a) nutrition (b) respiration (a) reduces substantially (b) does not change
(c) excretion (d) transportation (c) increases heavily (d) vary continuously
Answer : (c) excretion Answer : (c) increases heavily
368 | HP Board - X (Solved Papers)

Question 18. Answer :

The colour of insulation of earth wire is: Potential difference between two points in a current
(a) Red (b) Black carrying conductor is 1V if 1 Joule of work is done
(c) White (d) Green to move a charge of 1C from one point to the other.
Answer : (d) Green 1V =
Question 19.
Name the device which produces electricity. or 1V = 1JC–1
(a) generator (b) motor Potential difference is measured by voltmeter.
(c) rheostat (d) voltmeter Voltmeter is always connected in parallel.
Answer : (a) generator Question 27.
Question 20. Why does a compass needle get deflected when
brought near a bar magnet?
Voltage of AC supply in our houses is:
Answer :
(a) 100 V (b) 440 V
A compass needle is a small box magnet. When it is
(c) 220 V (d) 50 V brought near a bar magnet, its magnetic field lines
Answer : (c) 220 V interact with that of the bar magnet. Hence, a compass

Section-B magnet.
Question 28.
Short Answer Type Questions (Do any eight
questions) (8 × 2 = 16) Answer :
Question 21. Galvanisation: An iron article is coated with a layer
of zinc metal, which prevents the iron to come in
Answer : contact with oxygen and moisture. Hence, rusting is
Refer to H.P. Board Paper, September 2022, Term-I, prevented, this process is called galvanisation.
Series-C, Answer 29 Question 29.
Question 22. What are amphoteric oxides? Give two examples.
State two ways to prevent the rusting of iron. Answer :
Answer : Those oxides that behave as both acidic and basic
oxides are called amphoteric oxides.
Refer to H.P. Board Paper, September 2022, Term-I,
Series-B, Answer 32 Examples: Aluminium oxide (Al2O3)
Question 23. Zinc oxide (ZnO)
Question 30.
What are the disadvantages of fossil fuels?
Why does distilled water not conduct electricity,
Answer :
whereas rain water does?
Refer to H.P. Board Paper, September 2022, Term-I,
Answer :
Series-B, Answer 25
Question 24. Distilled water is a pure form of water and is devoid of
ionic species. Therefore, it does not conduct electricity.
Rain water being an impure form of water, contains
Answer : many ionic species such as acids and therefore it
Thinking centres are located in brain. Brain is the conducts electricity.
co-ordinating centre. There is no direct involvement
Section-C
ordination with each other control all voluntary and
involuntary actions. Long Answer Type Questions (Do any three
Question 25. questions) (3 × 3 = 9)
Question 31.
What is the role of saliva in the digestion of food? Differentiate between renewable and non-renewable
Answer : sources of energy with examples.
Role of saliva in the digestion of food: Answer :
(i) Saliva lubricates the food and facilitate mastication. Renewable source Non-renewable source
(ii) Saliva binds the food molecules together.
1. Sources which can 1. The sources which
(iii) Saliva contains ptyalin (Salivary amylase) enzyme be recycled in nature cannot be recycled,
which acts on starches and other carbohydrates to are called renewable which are exhausted
form maltose. sources of energy. after using them
Question 26. once, are called non-
What is meant by saying that the potential difference renewable sources of
between two points is 1 V? energy.
 Science and Technology, December (Term-I) 2021 | 369

2. These sources have 2. These sources of Answer :

the ability to generate energy were formed Refer to H.P. Board Paper, September 2022, Term-I,
energy as long as our millions of years Series-B, Answer 32 (OR)
solar system exists.
condition. Once used, Section-D
they cannot be reused
for a very long time. Very Long Answer Type Question
3. Example : wind 3. Example : fossil fuels (Compulsory Questions) (5 × 1 = 5)
energy, hydro energy, coal, petroleum and Question 35.
ocean waves, nuclear natural gases etc. What is a chemical reaction? Explain various types of
energy etc. chemical reactions in brief with examples.
Question 32. Or
Draw the structure of a neuron and explain its Explain the underlying principle and working of an
functions. electric generator by drawing a labelled diagram.
Answer : What is the function of brushes in it?
Neurons are the functional unit of the nervous system. Answer :
The three main parts of a neuron are axon, dendrite A chemical reaction involves the breaking and making
and cell body. of bonds between atoms to produce new substances.
It is of four types:
(i) Combination Reaction: When two or more than
two substances combine to form a single product,
the reaction is called combination reaction.
Example: CaO + H2O Ca(OH)2
C + O2 CO2
(ii) Decomposition Reaction: When a single reactant
breaks down to give simpler products, the
reaction is called decomposition reaction.

Functions of the three parts of a neuron are: Example: 2FeSO4 Fe2O3 + SO2 + SO3
Axon: It conducts messages away from the cell body.
CaCO3 CaO + CO2
Dendrite: It receives information from axon of another
cell and conducts the messages towards the cell body. (iii) Displacement Reaction: When one element is
Cell body: It contains nucleus, mitochondria and displaced or removed by the other element, the
other organelles. It is mainly concerned with the reaction is known as displacement reaction.
maintenance and growth. Example: Fe + CuSO4 FeSO4 + Cu
Question 33. Pb + CuCl2 PbCl2 + Cu
What precautions should be taken to avoid the (iv) Double Displacement Reaction: The reaction in
overloading of domestic electric circuits? which there is an exchange of ions between the
Answer : reactants are called double displacement reactions.
Refer to H.P. Board Paper, September 2022, Term-I, Example: Na2SO4 + BaCl2 2NaCl + BaSO4
Series-C, Answer 31 2AgNO3 + BaCl2 2AgCl + Ba(NO3)2
Question 34. OR
Explain human digestive system in detail with Refer to H.P. Board Paper, Septemebr 2022, Term-I,
diagram. Series-A, Answer 32 (OR)

Science And Technology (Term-I) December 2021

Time Allowed : 3 Hours Maximum Marks : 50

(SERIES–B)
Section-A Answer : (a) CaOCl2
Question 2.
Q. No. 1 to 20 carries one mark each. CuO + H2 Cu + H2O
Attempt all questions.
This chemical reaction is an example of:
Question 1.
The formula of bleaching powder is: (a) Exothermic (b) Redox
(a) CaOCl2 (b) CaCO3 (c) Decomposition (d) neutralization
(c) Ca(OH)2 (d) CaSO4 Answer : (b) Redox
370 | HP Board - X (Solved Papers)

Question 3. Question 13.

Which is the least reactive element in reactivity series: The complete digestion of food occurs in:
(a) Cu (b) Au (a) stomach (b) large intestine
(c) Na (d) K (c) oesophagus (d) small intestine
Answer : (b) Au Answer : (d) small intestine
Question 4. Question 14.
Which acid is present in ant’s sting: Which of the following is a non-renewable source of
(a) Oxalic acid (b) Acetic acid energy.
(c) Methanoic acid (d) Lactic acid (a) wind energy (b) fossil fuels
Answer : (c) Methanoic acid (c) solar energy (d) none of the above
Question 5. Answer : (b) fossil fuels
What is the pH value of blood: Question 15.
(a) 1.2 (b) 7.4 The SI unit of electric charge is:
(c) 0 (d) 14 (a) volt (b) coulomb
Answer : (b) 7.4 (c) watt (d) ampere
Question 6. Answer : (b) coulomb
Which gas is released by the action of acids with metal Question 16.
(a) Hydrogen (b) Oxygen The device which is used to measure electric current
(c) Argon (d) Chlorine is:
Answer : (a) Hydrogen (a) Voltmeter (b) Ammeter
Question 7. (c) Rheostat (d) Galvanometer
A solution reacts with crushed egg shells to give a gas Answer : (b) Ammeter
that turns lime water milky. The solution contains: Question 17.
(a) NaCl (b) HCl The essential difference between an AC generator and
DC generator is that:
(c) LiCl (d) KCl
(a) AC generator has an electromagnet while DC
Answer : (b) HCl generator has permanent magnet
Question 8. (b) DC generator will generate a higher voltage
The xylem in plants is responsible for: (c) AC generator will generate a higher voltage
(a) transport of water (d) AC generator has slip rings while the DC generator
(b) transport of food has a commutator
(c) transport of amino acids Answer :
(d) transport of oxygen (d) AC generator has slip rings while the DC generator
Answer : (a) transport of water has a commutator.
Question 9. Question 18.
Which of the following is a part of excretory system: AC current produced in our country reverses its
(a) Testes (b) Small Intestine direction in every ............. second.
(c) Liver (d) Kidney
Answer : (d) Kidney (a) (b)
Question 10.
The gap between two neurons is called: (c) (d)
(a) Dendrite (b) Synapse
(c) Axon (d) Impulse Answer : (b)
Answer : (b) Synapse Question 19.
Question 11. Name the device which converts electrical energy to
Activities like walking in straight line, riding a bicycle mechanical energy
etc. are controlled by which part of brain: (a) generator (b) motor
(a) Fore-brain (b) Mid-brain (c) rheostat (d) voltmeter
(c) Hind-brain (d) Spinal cord Answer : (b) motor
Answer : (c) Hind-brain Question 20.
Question 12. In an electric circuit voltmeter is always connected in:
The Oxygenated blood enters in which chamber of (a) Series
(b) Parallel
(a) right auricle (b) left auricle (c) Both of the above
(c) right ventricle (d) left ventricle (d) None of the above
Answer : (b) left auricle Answer : (b) Parallel
 Science and Technology, December (Term-I) 2021 | 371

Section-B Answer :
Refer to H.P. Board Paper, September 2022, Term-I,
Short Answer Type Questions (Do any eight Series-B, Answer 28
questions) (8 × 2 = 16) Question 27.
Question 21. State the principle of an electric generator.
What are alloys? Answer :
Answer : Refer to H.P. Board Paper, September 2022, Term-I,
Alloys are the homogeneous mixtures of two or more Series-A, Answer 32 (OR)
metals or metals and non-metals. Question 28.
Question 22. Which metals do not corrode easily? Give reason.
Give two important uses of washing soda and baking Answer :
soda each. Gold and platinum do not corrode easily, more
Answer : reactive a metal is more likely to be corroded.
Uses of washing soda: Therefore less reactive metals are less likely to get
(i) It is used in glass, soap and paper industries. corroded. This is why gold plating provides high
(ii) It is used in the manufacturing of borax. resistance to corrosion.
Uses of baking soda: Question 29.
What is neutralization reaction? Give two examples.
extinguishers. Answer :
(ii) It is used for making baking powder. The interaction of an acid with a base to form salt and
Question 23. water is called neutralisation reaction.
What is the difference between a reflex action and Example:
walking? HCl + NaOH NaCl + H2O
Answer : Hydrochloric acid Sodium hydroxide Sodium chloride Water
Refer to H.P. Board Paper, March 2023, Term-II, HNO3 + KOH KNO3 + H2O
Series-C, Answer 21 Nitric acid Potassium hydroxide Potassium nitrate Water
Question 24. Question 30.
What is the need for a system of control and
coordination in an organism? bulb for 10 minutes. Find the amount of electric charge
Answer :
Control and co-ordination in the body is of two types Answer :
i.e., nervous control and hormonal control. Nervous I = 0.5A
control is rapid. It takes place through electrical t = 10 min.
signals called nerve impulses. The hormonal control = 10 × 60 = 600 sec
is through chemical messengers called hormones Q =?
secreted by endocrine (ductless) glands and carried I = Q/t
by blood to the target organs.
Q =I×t
(i) To protect the organism's bodies from dangerous
environmental changes. = 0.5 × 600
(ii) To regulate the rate at which voluntary and Q = 300 C
involuntary activities occur.
(iii) To be able to think and learn in order to respond Section-C
to any stimulus.
Long Answer Type Questions (Do any three
Question 25. questions) (3 × 3 = 9)
Why are we looking at alternate sources of energy? Question 31.
Answer : Describe double circulation in human beings. Why is
Fossil fuels, which have been traditionally used it necessary?
by human beings as an energy sources, are non- Answer :
renewable sources of energy. These sources of energy
The human heart is divided into four chambers—the
are limited and cannot replenish on their own. They
right atrium, the right ventricle, the left atrium, and
are being consumed at a large rate. If this rate of
the left ventricle.
consumption continues, then the fossil fuels would
Flow of blood in the heart:
be exhausted from the Earth. Therefore, we have to
conserve the energy sources, Hence, we should look - The heart has superior and inferior vena cava,
for alternate source of energy. which carries de-oxygenated blood from the
upper and lower regions of the body respectively
Question 26.
and supplies this de-oxygenated blood to the right
What is the role of the split ring in an electric motor? atrium of the heart.
372 | HP Board - X (Solved Papers)

- The right atrium then contracts and passes the de- 7. It should be easy to store and produce no hazard
oxygenated blood to the right ventricle through to transport it.
an auriculo-ventricular aperture. 8. It should burn at controllable rate.
- Then the right ventricle contracts and passes the Question 34.
de-oxygeneted blood into the two pulmonary Differentiate between metals and non-metals on the
arteries, which pumps it to the lungs where the basis of their chemical properties.
blood becomes oxygenated. From the lungs, the Answer :
pulmanary veins transport the oxygenated blood Refer to H.P. Board Paper, September 2022, Term-I,
to the left atrium of the heart. Series-A, Answer 32
- Then the left atrium contracts and through the
auriculo-ventricular aperture, the oxygenated
blood enters the left ventricle. Section-D
- The blood passes to aorta from the left ventricle. Very Long Answer Type Question
The aorta gives rise to many arteries that (Compulsory Questions) (5 × 1 = 5)
distributes the oxygenated blood to all the regions
Question 35.
of the body.
Explain in detail the functioning of human excretory
Therefore, the blood goes twice through the heart.
system with a diagram.
This is known as double circulation.
Or
- Importance of double circulation.
Explain short circuit and overloading in an electrical
The separation of oxygenated and de-oxygened supply. How these can be prevented?
Answer :
The excretory system of human beings includes a pair
supply is very useful in warm-blooded animals
of kidneys, a pair of ureters, a urinary bladder and a
such as human beings.
urethra. Kidneys are located in the abdomen, one on
As we know, warm blood animals have to either side of the backbone. Urine produced in the
maintain a constant body temperature by cooling kidney passes through the ureters into the urinary
themselves when they are in a hotter environment bladder where it is stored until it is released through
and by warming their bodies when they are in a the urethra.
cooler environment. Hence, they require more The purpose of making urine is to filter out waste
O2 for more respiration so that they can produce products from the blood. Just as CO2 is removed from
more energy to maintain their body temperature. the blood in the lungs, nitrogenous waste such as urea
Thus, the circulatory system of humans is more or uric acid are removed from blood in the kidneys.
This basic filtration unit in the kidneys, like in the
Question 32. lungs is a cluster of very thin-walled blood capillaries.
What one mean by exothermic and endothermic Each capillary cluster in the kidney is associated with
chemical reactions? Give examples. the cup-shaped end of a coiled tube called Bowman’s
Answer : capsule that collects the filtrate. Each kidney has
Exothermic reaction It is a chemical reaction in
which heat energy is given out. packed close together. Some substances in the initial
e.g.,
C(s) + O2(g) CO2(g) + Heat energy amount of water, are selectively re-absorbed as the
NaOH(aq) + HCl(aq) NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)
absorbed depends on how much excess water there
+ Heat energy
is in the body, and on how much of dissolved waste
Endothermic reaction It is a chemical reaction in
in there is to be excreted. The urine forming in each
which heat energy is absorbed. kidney eventually enters a long tube, the ureter, which
e.g., connects the kidneys with the urinary bladder. Urine
N2(g) + O2(g) 2NO(g) – Heat energy is stored in the urinary bladder until the pressure of
C(s) + H2O(g) CO(g) + H2(g) – Heat energy the expanded bladder leads to the urge to pass it out
Question 33. through the urethra. The bladder is muscular, so it is
What are the qualities of an ideal source of energy? under nervous control as a result, can usually control
Answer : the urge to urinate.
Qualities of an ideal source of energy are :

2. It should burn easily.

3. It should produce no smoke and should not leave
any residue.
4. It should be economical costwise.
5. It should not produce pollution.
6. It should have low ignition temperature. Excretory system of human beings.
 Science and Technology, December (Term-I) 2021 | 373

Or of the wires and it may damage the wiring due to

Short circuiting: If sometimes a live wire touches excessive heating.
neutral wire or earth wire, a large current flows Preventions to avoid overloading:
through the circuit due to almost zero resistance of 1. Wires used for carrying current should be of
the circuit. This is called short circuiting. proper current rating.
To save the circuit from damage feared due to over- 2. Whereas wire of low current rating may be used
loading or short-circuiting, proper rating fuse is put for lighting electric bulbs, tubes, T.V. etc.
in each circuit. 3. Separate circuit should be there for heating
appliance.
Overloading: The supply wires as well the wires used 4. Each circuit should have a fuse of proper rating.
5. Wire should be replaced by new wires of proper
of 15A means that if a current upto 15A is passed rating after every 3-4 years.
through circuit, there is no likely damaged feared
6. PVC of good quality should be used.
to the circuit. But if a current more than maximum
allowed limit is passed, there may be excessive heating

Science And Technology (Term-I) December 2021

Time Allowed : 3 Hours Maximum Marks : 50
(SERIES–C)
Section-A Question 7.
Which of the following method is suitable for
Q. No. 1 to 20 carries one mark each. preventing an iron frying pan from rusting?
Attempt all questions. (a) applying grease
Question 1. (b) applying paint
The formula of marble is:
(c) applying a coating of zinc
(a) CaOCl2 (b) CaCO3
(d) all of the above
(c) Ca(OH)2 (d) CaSO4
Answer : (d) all of the above
Answer : (b) CaCO3
Question 8.
Question 2.
The autotrophic mode of nutrition requires:
CaCO3 CaO + CO2
(a) carbon dioxide and water
This chemical reaction is an example of:
(a) Exothermic (b) Redox (b) chlorophyll
(c) Decomposition (d) Neutralization (c) sunlight
Answer : (c) decomposition (d) all of the above
Question 3. Answer : (d) all of the above
Which acid is present in curd? Question 9.
(a) Oxalic acid (b) Acetic acid Which component of blood helps in transportation of
(c) Methanoic acid (d) Lactic acid oxygen?
Answer : (d) lactic acid
(a) Plasma (b) Red blood cells
Question 4.
(c) White blood cells (d) Platelets
(a) Carbon dioxide (b) Nitrogen Answer : (b) Red blood cells
(c) Oxygen (d) Hydrogen Question 10.
Answer : (b) Nitrogen Which enzyme is present in saliva?
Question 5. (a) Amylase (b) Pepsin
Which of the following is an alloy?
(a) Iron (b) Aluminium
Answer : (a) Amylase
(c) Gold (d) Brass
Question 11.
Answer : (d) Brass
Question 6. Food enters in which part of digestive system after
A solution turns red litmus blue. Its pH is likely to be: stomach:
(a) 1 (b) 4 (a) Small intestine (b) Large intestine
(c) 5 (d) 10 (c) Oesophagus (d) Liver
Answer : (d) 10 Answer : (a) Small intestine
374 | HP Board - X (Solved Papers)

Question 12. Section-B

Which blood vessel carries blood from heart to lungs?
Short Answer Type Questions (Do any eight
(a) Aorta (b) Vena Cava questions) (8 × 2 = 16)
(c) Pulmonary artery (d) Pulmonary Vein Question 21.
Answer : (c) Pulmonary artery Plaster of Paris should be stored in moisture proof
Question 13. container. Explain why?
The process of removing wastes from the body is Answer :
called: Plaster of Paris should be stored in a moisture proof
(a) respiration (b) digestion container as in the presence of moisture, it sets to give
(c) circulation (d) excretion a hard mass or gypsum.
Answer : (d) excretion CaSO4. H2O + H2O CaSO4.2H2O
Question 14. hard mars (Gypsum)
Which of the following is an example of a bio mass Plaster of paris
energy source? Question 22.
(a) Wood (b) Gobar gas Why should curd and sour substances not be kept in
(c) Coal (d) All of the above brass and copper vessels?
Answer : (d) all of the above Answer :
Question 15. Curd and sour substances reacts with brass and copper
to form poisonous compounds. These are harmful for
The SI unit of potential difference is: the health. So, the curd and sour substances should
(a) Volt (b) Coulomb not be kept in brass and copper vessels.
(c) Watt (d) Ampere Question 23.
Answer : (a) volt What is the role of the acid in our stomach?
Question 16. Answer :
In an electric circuit ammeter is always connected in: Refer to H.P. Board Paper, September 2022, Term-I,
(a) Series (b) Parallel Series-A, Answer 23
(c) Both of the above (d) None of the above Question 24.
Answer : (a) series What is the function of digestive enzymes?
Question 17. Answer :
The device used to detect the presence of electric Role of digestive enzyme These enzymes convert
current is: the non-diffusible form of food into diffusible form:
(a) Generator (b) Galvanometer 1. Ptyalin converts starch into maltose.
(c) Ammeter (d) Motor 2. Pepsin breaks down proteins.
Answer : (b) Galvanometer 3. Lipase acts on fats and forms fatty acid and
Question 18. glycerol.
The frequency of alternating current is: 4. Maltose acts on starch and form glucose.
(a) 50 Hz (b) 100 Hz Question 25.
(c) 200 Hz (d) 1000 Hz What is a good source of energy?
Answer : (a) 50 Hz Answer :
Question 19. Refer to H.P. Board Paper, December 2021, Term-I,
An electric fuse works on: Series-B, Answer 33
(a) Magnetic effect of electric current Question 26.
(b) Chemical effect of electric current Name some sources which produce alternating
(c) Light effect of electric current current?
(d) Heating effect of electric current Answer :
Answer : (d) Heating effect of electric current Sources which produce alternating current are Thermal
Question 20. power plants, Hydro power stations, Generators of
The potential difference between two points in a nuclear power plants.
current carrying conductor when 1 Joule of work is Question 27.
done to move a charge of 1C from one point to another Name some devices in which electric motors are used.
will be: Answer :
(a) 0 V (b) 2 V Some devices in which electric motors are used are
(c) 1 V (d) 10 V electric fans, mixer grinders, MP3 players, computers,
Answer : (c) 1 V washing mashine etc.
 Science and Technology, December (Term-I) 2021 | 375

Question 28. From here, the filtrate moves upward into

How much work is done in moving a charge of 2C the distal tubule and finally to the collecting
across two points having a potential difference of 12V? duct. Collecting duct collects urine from many
Answer : nephrons.
Potential difference (V) = 12V The urine formed in each kidney enters a long
Charge = 2C tube called ureter. From ureter, it gets transported
to the urinary bladder and then into the urethra.
W = VQ
Question 32.
W = 12 V × 2 C = 24J
Question 29. What are the environmental consequences of the
Why do we apply paint on iron articles? increasing demand for energy? What steps would you
suggest to reduce energy consumption?
Answer :
Refer to H.P. Board Paper, September 2022, Term-I, Answer :
Series-C, Answer 21 The demand of energy is increasing day by day.
Question 30. Exploiting any source of energy may disturb the
Fresh milk has a pH of 6. How do you think the pH environment in one way or other. For example getting
will change as it turns into curd? Explain your answer. energy from fossil fuel may cause lot of pollution
Answer :
Its pH will decrease due to the production of lactic problem of disposal of nuclear waste.
acid which is acidic in nature. Steps for reducing energy consumption are:
1. Under the given situation technology utilization
Section-C should be the best possible way. For example,
using smokeless chullahs should be preferred to
Long Answer Type Questions (Do any three traditional chullahs.
questions) (3 × 3 = 9) 2. Energy should be extracted by most economic
Question 31. method under the given situation whereas energy
Describe the structure and functioning of nephrons. extraction by solar cell may be useless in big
Answer : towns due to cost factor, it may be indispensable
Structure of a nephron:
3. Wastage of energy should be strictly avoided.
A nephron is made up of :
Energy saved is equal to energy produced.
1. a globular double walled Bowman’s capsule
4. Sources of energy should be such that it causes
around a clump of capillaries or glomerulus.
the least damage to environment.
2. a tubule surrounded by blood capillaries. The
Question 33.
tubule consists of
Explain combination and decomposition chemical
(i) a proximal convoluted portion
reactions with examples.
(ii) the loop of Henle, with descending and Answer :
ascending limbs.
I Combination reaction When two or more than
(iii) a distal convoluted part. two substances combine to form a single product, the
The nephron empties into a collecting duct. The two reaction is called combination reaction, for example:
million nephrons of a human being, end to end would CaO + H2O Ca(OH)2
extend for nearly 80 km. All the collecting ducts
C + O2 CO2
discharge into a central cavity of the kidney (pelvis)
that connects to the ureter. II Decomposition Reaction When a single
reactant breaks down to give simpler products, the
reaction is called decomposition, for example:
tubular reabsorption and tubular secretion in the
nephrons of kidney. 2FeSO4 Fe2O3 + SO2 + SO3
Functioning of a Nephron :
The blood enters the kidney through the renal CaCO3 CaO + CO2
artery, which branches into many capillaries Question 34.
associated with glomerulus. What is chemical formula and chemical name of
The water and solute are transferred to the baking soda? Write the uses of baking soda.
nephron at Bowman's capsule. Answer :
In the proximal tubule, some substances such Chemical name of baking soda is sodium bicarbonate.
as amino acids, glucose, and salts are selectively Chemical formula is NaHCO3.
reabsorbed and unwanted molecules are added Uses of baking soda are:
in the urine.
The filtrate then moves down into the loop of extinguishers.
Henle, where more water is absorbed. 2. It is used for making baking powder.
376 | HP Board - X (Solved Papers)

Section-D

Very Long Answer Type Question

(Compulsory Questions) (5 × 1 = 5)
Question 35.
Explain in detail the functioning of human heart with
a diagram.
Or
Explain the underlying principle and working of an
electric motor by drawing a labelled diagram.
Or
Answer :
Principle: Electric motor is based upon Fleming’s left
The human heart is divided into four chambers. The hand rule. When a current carrying conductor capable
front two parts are called the auricle. One is the left of free movement is placed in a magnetic field, it
atrium and the other is the right atrium. The other experiences a mechanical force and begins to move in
two parts are called ventricles, in which one is the left a direction given by Fleming’s left hand rule.
ventricle and the other is the right ventricle. There is Construction: A DC motor consists of a single coil
ABCD called armature between the pole pieces of a
a bicuspid valve between the left atrium and the left
magnet. Armature consists of a coil of a large number
ventricle and the tricuspid valve between the right
of turns of insulated wire wrapped on a soft iron
atrium and the right ventricle. These valves open core. The two ends of the armature are connected to
towards the ventricle. The left ventricle is connected segments S1 and S2 of commutator. The brushes B1
to the aorta by the crescent shaped valve and the right and B2 keep their contact with the commutator as it
ventricle is connected to the pulmonary artery by the rotates.
crescent shaped valve. The right artrium meets the Working: A direct current from a battery is passed
vena cava and the left atrium meets the pulmonary
vein. ABCD. The limb AB of the coil experience downward
and CD of the coil experience upward force in
Functioning of Heart: Both contraction (systole) and accordance with Fleming’s left hand rule. These two
relaxation (diastole) take place in the atrium and equal and opposite forces constitute a couple tending
ventricle of the heart. This action are continuous in a to rotate the coil in clockwise direction.
certain sequence. A cardiac cycle is completed with a After half the rotation brush B 1 has contact with S2
single beat or pulsation of the heart. and brush B2 with S1. The direction of the current gets
1. Diastole: In this state both the atriums remain in
of along ABCD. Limb DC experiences downward and
a relaxed state and the blood collects in both the
BA experiences on upward force in accordance with
atriums. Fleming’s left hand rule.
2. Atrial contraction: The contraction of the atria is
called atrial contraction. In this stage the atrial are The process repeats itself and motion of armature
becomes continuous after some time.
atrium into the ventricles. The right atrium always
contracts slightly earlier than the left atrium. Split rings help in reversing the current in the coil after
every half rotation.
3. Ventricular contraction: The contraction of the
ventricles is called ventricular contraction, as a
result of which the atrial-ventricular valves are
closed and the crescent shaped valves of the aorta
are opened and the blood goes into the aorta.
4. Ventricular Relaxation: After contraction, there
is relaxation of the ventricles (C) and the crescent
shaped valves close. The blood pressure inside the
ventricles decreases, causing the atrial ventricular
valves to open. Working of an electric motor
Science and Technology March 2020
Time Allowed : 3 Hours Maximum Marks : 60

(SERIES–A)
Questions from 1-15 carry 1 mark each. No mark will Answer :
be given to the answer written after cutting. 1 1 1
Question 1. Lens formula :
u f
Complete the chemical equation : [1]
where for a convex lens, f is + ve
Fe + CuSO4 .................... + ....................
for a concave lens, f is – ve
Answer :
Fe + CuSO4 FeSO4 + Cu Question 11.
Question 2. The human eye can focus objects at different distances
Write the common name of CaOCl2. [1] by adjusting the focal length of the eye lens. This is due
Answer : to : [1]
CaOCl2 Bleaching Powder (a) Presbyopia (b) Accommodation
Question 3. (c) Near-sightedness (d) Far-sightedness
Write the electronic configuration of Mg Atom. [1] Answer :
Answer : (b) Accommodation
Electronic configuration of Mg atom is 2, 8, 2. Question 12.
Question 4. Refractive index of Diamond is : [1]
Ethane with the molecular formula C2H6 has [1] Answer :
(a) 6 covalent bonds Refractive Index of Diamond is 2.42.
(b) 7 covalent bonds Question 13.
(c) 8 covalent bonds Name two fossil-fuels. [1]
(d) 9 covalent bonds
Answer :
Answer :
Two fossil fuels — Petroleum and Coal.
(b) 7 covalent bonds
Question 14.
Question 5.
Asexual reproduction takes place through budding Name the state, in which a local system of canal
[1] irrigation called ‘Kulhs’ had evolved. [1]
(a) Amoeba (b) Yeast Answer :
(c) Plasmodium (d) Leishmania Himachal Pradesh.
Answer : Question 15.
(b) Yeast Define Biomagnification. [1]
Question 6. Answer :
Name the part of male reproductive system in which The phenomenon in which the harmful pollutants (such
sperms are formed. [1] as pesticides) enter the food chain and get concentrated
Answer : more and more at each successive trophic level of
Testis organisms is called biological magnification.
Question 7. Question No. 16 to 24 carry 2 marks each and their
Write the full form of A.C. [1] answers should not be more than 30 words.
Answer : Question 16.
A.C. Alternating current Why should a magnesium ribbon be cleaned before
Question 8. burning in air ? [2]
Name the scientist who proposed the theory of Answer :
evolution of species by natural selection. [1] Refer to H.P. Board Paper, September 2022, Term-I,
Answer : Series-A, Answer 21
Charles Darwin Question 17.
Question 9. Write a note on ‘Dobereiner’s Triads’. [2]
What is the S.I. unit of Electric Charge ? [1] Answer :
Answer : Dobereiner’s triads is a group of three elements having
S.I. unit of electric charge is Coulomb. similar chemical properties in which the atomic weight
Question 10. of the middle elements is the average of the other two
Write the lens formula. [1] elements. It was applicable only to a few elements.
378 | HP Board - X (Solved Papers)

Question 18. Example

What is a homologous series ? Explain with an Highest Non-vegetarian (fourth tier level) Snake
example. [2]
Answer : Non-Vegetarian (third tier level) Frog
Refer to H.P. Board Paper, March 2023, Term-II,
Series-C, Answer 28 Vegetarian (second tier level) Grasshopper
Question 19.
What would be the consequences of a deficiency of Productive (first nutritional level) Grass
haemoglobin in our bodies ? [2]
Question No. 25 to 28 carry 3 marks each and their
Answer :
answer should not be more than 40 words.
Refer to H.P. Board Paper, September 2022, Term-I,
Question 25.
Series-B, Answer 23
Question 20. Draw a well labelled diagram of human digestive
system. [3]
[2]
Answer : Answer :
Refer to H.P. Board Paper, March 2023, Term-II, Refer to H.P. Board Paper, September 2022, Term-I,
Series-C, Answer 27 Series-B, Answer 32
Question 21. Question 26.
Find the power of a concave lens of focal length 2m. What is Aqua regia ? Write an use of it. [3]
[2] Answer :
Answer : Aqua regia is a mixture of nitric acid and hydrochloric
f = 2m acid, optimally in a molar ratio of 1 : 3. Aqua regia is a
1 1 yellow-orange fuming liquid, so named by the chemists
P = because it can dissolve the noble metals, gold and
f 2
platinum though not all metals.
P = 0.5 D Historically, it was used to dissolve gold Nobel Prize
Question 22. medals in World War II.
Explain why the planets do not twinkle? [2] Question 27.
Answer :
Three resistors of resistances 2 , 3 , and 6 are
Refer to H.P. Board Paper, March 2023, Term-II,
connected in series. Find the total resistance of this
Series-A, Answer 30
combination. [3]
Question 23.
What are the advantages of connecting electrical Answer :
devices in parallel instead of connecting them in Given, R1 = 2 , R2 = 3 ,R3 = 6 ,
[2] RS = R 1 + R 2 + R 3
Answer : RS = 2 + 3 + 6
When connected in parallel, all the electric devices RS = 11
are connected to the same potential difference. When Question 28.
connected in series, the potential is divided between the What are the advantages of using disposable paper
different devices. Thus devices will not work properly cups over disposable plastic-cups ? [3]
when connected in series. Answer :
Question 24. Advantages of using disposable paper cups over
What are trophic levels ? Give an example of a fixed
disposable plastic cups are as follows :
chain and state the different trophic levels in it. [2]
1. Paper cups are made up of degradable material, so
Answer :
it does not harm.
The various steps in a food chain where transfer of
2. Waste of paper cups can be converted into organic
food (energy) takes place are called trophic levels.
Producer formed by green plants form first trophic manure.
level in a food chain. 3. Paper cups can easily be recycled and then reused.
The chain is sequential list of one organism consuming Question No. 29 to 31 carry 5 marks each and their
the other. answer should not be more than 70 words.
Characteristics of food chain are : Question 29.
1. It is always straight. What is an Electromagnet ? On what factors does the
2. In shorter food chain, greater is the available energy. strength of an Electromagnet depend ? Write the uses
3. Number of steps in any food chain is restricted to of Electromagnet. [5]
four or five. Answer :
4. It can be represented by When a current is passed through a solenoid, a
producer Herbivore Carnivore. magnetic field is produced. Now if a soft iron core is
5. Flow of energy is unidirectional. placed inside the solenoid, the strength of the magnetic
 Science and Technology, March 2020 | 379

field further increases. The reason for a large increase 44 + XY chromosomes whereas in female, there are
in magnetic field is due to the fact that iron gets 44 + XX chromosomes. Here X and Y chromosomes
magnetised by induction. The combination of soft determine sex in human beings.
iron core and a current carrying insulated copper wire Two types of gametes are formed in male, one type is
wounded over the iron core is called an electromagnet. having 50% of X-chromosomes whereas, other type is
A simple electromagnet is as shown having Y-chromosomes. In female, gametes are of one
type that contain X chromosomes only.

The two ends of it are connected to a battery and a

key. The electromagnet gets demagnetised when key
is removed.
Strength of electromagnet depends upon
1. Current flowing : Larger the current flowing
through the wire, stronger is the electromagnet, strong
electromagnets are used in cranes to lift the cars not The females are homogametic. If male gamete having
obeying traffic rules. Y-chromosome undergoes fusion with female gamete
2. Number of turns : Strength of electromagnet is having X-chromosome the zygote will have XY
directly proportional to the number of turns. chromosomes and this gives rise to male child.
3. Length of air gap : Lesser the length of air gap If male gamete having X-chromosome undergoes
between poles, stronger is the electromagnet. Air gap fusion with female gamete having X-chromosome the
between the poles of a U-shaped electromagnet is small,
zygote will be having XX-chromosome and this gives
hence it is very strong.
rise to female child.
Uses of electromagnet : used in motors and generators,
Question 31.
transformers, electric bells and buzzers.
Question 30. What is meant by rusting ? What are essential
Explain the process of Sex-determination in Human in conditions required for rusting ? State the major ways
detail with the help of a diagram. [5] to prevent rusting of iron. [5]
Answer : Answer :
Determination of the sex of a child : Sex chromosomes Refer to H.P. Board Paper, September 2022, Term-I,
determine sex in human beings. In males, there are Series-B, Answer 32

Science and Technology March 2020

Time Allowed : 3 Hours Maximum Marks : 60
(SERIES–B)
Questions from 1-15 carry 1 mark each. No mark will Answer :
be given to the answer written after cutting. CaSO4.½H2O Plaster of Paris (Calcium Sulphate
Question 1. hemihydrate).
Question 3.
Complete the chemical equation : [1]
Write the electronic configuration of Na atom. [1]
Pb + CuCl2 .................... + ....................
Answer :
Answer : Sodium (Na) electronic configuration is 2, 8, 1.
Pb + CuCl2 PbCl2 + Cu Question 4.
Question 2. Butanone is a four-carbon compound with the
Write the common name of CaSO4.½H2O. [1] functional group : [1]
380 | HP Board - X (Solved Papers)

(a) Carboxylic acid (b) Aldehyde Answer :

(c) Ketone (d) Alcohol Amrita Devi
Answer : Question 15.
(c) Ketone Define Biosphere. [1]
Question 5. Answer :
Which of the following is not a part of the female
The part of the earth where living organisms exists
reproductive system in human beings ? [1] is called biosphere.
(a) Ovary (b) Uterus Question No. 16 to 24 carry 2 marks each and their
(c) Vas deferens (d) Fallopian tube answer should not be more than 30 words.
Answer : Question 16.
(c) Vas deferens Why does colour of copper sulphate solution change
Question 6. when an iron nail is dipped in it ? [2]
Name the part of Female reproductive system in which Answer :
eggs are produced. [1] Refer to H.P. Board Paper, September 2022, Term-I,
Answer : Series-A, Answer 29
Ovary Question 17.
Question 7.
Write a note on ‘Newland's law of Octave’. [2]
Write the full form of D.C. [1]
Answer :
Answer :
D.C.-Direct Current Refer to H.P. Board Paper, March 2022, Term-II,
Series-A, Answer 31
Question 8.
Name the father of Genetics. [1] Question 18.
Answer : What change will you observe if you test soap with red
Gregor Johann Mendel. and blue litmus paper ? [2]
Question 9. Answer :
What is the S.I. unit of Electric Current ? [1] When we test soap solution with red and blue litmus
Answer : paper the red coloured litmus paper will change to
S.I. unit of electric current is Ampere (A). blue.
Question 10. Question 19.
Write the mirror formula. [1] What is the role of saliva in the digestion of food ? [2]
Answer : Answer :
1 1 1 Refer to H.P. Board Paper, December 2021, Term-I,
Mirror formula : Series-A, Answer 25
v u f
Question 20.
Question 11. How does self-pollination differ from cross
The human eye forms the image of an object at its :[1] [2]
(a) Cornea (b) Retina Answer :
(c) Ciliary muscles (d) Iris Refer to H.P. Board Paper, March 2023, Term-II,
Series-B, Answer 32 Or (b)
Answer :
Question 21.
(b) Retina
Find the focal length of a lens of power – 2.0D. What
Question 12. type of lens is this ? [2]
Refractive Index of Ice is ................... [1] Answer :
Answer : 1 1m
Refractive Index of Ice is 1.31. f 0.5 m
P 2
Question 13.
Name two biodegradable substances. [1] f = – 0.5 m = – 50 cm
Answer : Lens is divergent or say concave.
Paper, Cotton cloth Question 22.
Question 14. Why does the Sun appear reddish early in the
[2]
Government of India has instituted a “National
Award for Wildlife Conservation” in memory of Answer :
................., who in 1731 sacrificed her life along Earth is surrounded by envelope of gases called
with 363 others for the protection of ‘Khejri’ trees in atmosphere. At the time of sunrise light has to travel
Rajasthan. [1] greater thickness than what it covers, when sun is over
 Science and Technology, March 2020 | 381

head at noon. The wavelength of blue colour is about

1 1 1 1
half that of red, blue light is scattered nearly (2)4 = 16
RP 2 3 6
times that of red. As a result, the sun appears red at
sun rise or at sun-set due to negligible scattering of red 1 3 2 1 6
1
in comparison with blue. RP 6 6
Question 23.
RP = 1
Why is the tungsten used almost exclusively for making
Question 28.
filament of electric lamps ? [2]
Answer : What are the advantages of using a solar cooker ? [3]
Refer to H.P. Board Paper, September 2022, Term-I, Answer :
Series-C, Answer 26 Refer to H.P. Board Paper, September 2022, Term-I,
Question 24. Series-C, Answer 30
What will happen if we kill all the organisms in one Question No. 29 to 31 carry 5 marks each and their
trophic level ? [2] answer should not be more than 70 words.
Answer : Question 29.
Refer to H.P. Board Paper, March 2022, Term-II,
Draw a labelled diagram of an Electric motor. Explain
Series-C, Answer 27
its principle and working. What is the function of a
Question No. 25 to 28 carry 3 marks each and their
split ring in an Electric-motor ? [5]
answer should not be more than 40 words.
Answer :
Question 25.
Refer to H.P. Board Paper, September 2022, Term-I,
Draw a well labelled diagram of Human Respiratory
Series-A, Answer 28
system. [3]
Answer : Refer to H.P. Board Paper, December 2021, Term-I,
Series-C, Answer 35 (OR)
Question 30.
Explain the human male reproductive system in detail
with the help of a well labelled diagram. [5]
Answer :
The male reproductive system consists of portions
which produces the germ cells and other portions that
delivers the germ cells to the site of fertilisation.
The formation of germ cells or sperms takes place in the
testes. These are located outside the abdominal cavity
in scrotum because sperm formation requires a lower
temperature than the normal body temperature. Testes
Question 26. secretes the hormone testosterone which regulates the
formation of sperms.
What are amphoteric oxides ? Give two examples of
amphoteric oxides. [3]
Answer :
Amphoteric oxides : The metallic oxides those show
the properties of acids and alkalis are called amphoteric
oxides.
Examples :
Aluminium oxide Al2O3
Zinc oxide ZnO
Question 27.
Three resistors of resistances 2 , 3 and 6 are
connected in parallel. Find the total resistance of this
combination. [3]
Answer : The sperms formed are delivered through the vas
Given, R1 = 2 , R2 = 3 ,R3 = 6 , deferens which unites with a tube coming from the
urinary bladder. The urethra thus forms a common
1 1 1 1
passage for both the sperms and urine. Along the
R P R1 R 2 R 3
path of the vas deferens, glands like the prostate and
382 | HP Board - X (Solved Papers)

the seminal vesicles add their secretions so that the 3. Label these test tubes as A, B and C. Pour some water
sperms are now in a fluid which makes their transport in test tube A and cork it.
easier and this fluid also provides nutrition. The sperms 4. Pour boiled distilled water in test tube B, add about
are tiny bodies that consists of mainly genetic material 1ml of oil and cork it. The oil will float on water and
and a long tail that helps them to more towards the prevent the air from dissolving in the water.
female germ cell. 5. Put some anhydrous calcium chloride in test tube C
Question 31. and cork it. Anhydrous calcium chloride will absorb
the moisture, if any, from the air. Leave these test tubes
Describe an activity to prove that the presence f both
for a few days and then observe.
air and water are essential for Rusting. [5]
After few days we will observe that iron nails rust in
Answer :
test tube A, but they do not rust in test tube B and C.
Iron when exposed to moist air for a long time acquire In the test tube A, the nails are exposed to both air and
a coating of a brown flaky substance called rust. water. In the test tube B, the nails are exposed to only
1. Let us find out that presence of both air and water water and the nails in test tube C are exposed to dry air.
are essential for rusting. This shows that for rusting both air and water are
2. Take three test tubes and place clean iron nails in essential.
each of them.

Science and Technology March 2020

Time Allowed : 3 Hours Maximum Marks : 60

(SERIES–C)
Questions from 1-15 carry 1 mark each. No mark will Question 6.
be given to the answer written after cutting. How many months are required for the development
Question 1. of child inside the mother’s body ? [1]
Complete the chemical equations. [1] Answer :
Zn + CuSO4 .................... + .................... Nine months
Answer : Question 7.
Zn + CuSO4 ZnSO4 + Cu Write the full form of L.E.D. [1]
Question 2. Answer :
Write the common name of CaSO4.2H2O. [1] L.E.D. : Light Emitting Diode
Answer : Question 8.
CaSO4.2H2O : Gypsum Name the plant on which Mendel conducted his
experiments of the inheritance of traits ? [1]
Question 3.
Answer :
Write the electronic configuration of Al atom. [1]
Pea plant (Pisum Sativum)
Answer :
Question 9.
Electronic configuration of Al is 2, 8, 3.
Question 4. What is the S.I. unit of Resistance ? [1]
While cooking, if the bottom of the vessel is getting Answer :
blackened on the outside, it means that : [1] S.I. unit of resistance is ohm ( ).
(a) the food is not cooked completely. Question 10.
(b) the fuel is not burning completely. Which kind of lens is present in human eye ? [1]
(c) the fuel is wet. Answer :
(d) the fuel is burning completely. Crystalline Convex lens.
Answer : Question 11.
(b) the fuel is not burning completely.
The least distance of distinct vision for a young adult
Question 5. with normal vision is about : [1]
The anther contains : [1]
(a) 25 m (b) 2.5 cm
(a) Sepals (b) Ovules
(c) Carpel (d) Pollen grains (c) 25 cm (d) 2.5 m
Answer : Answer :
(d) Pollen grains (c) 25 cm
 Science and Technology, March 2020 | 383

Question 12. Question 20.

Refractive Index of air is ................... [1] How does internal fertilization differ from external
Answer : fertilization ? [2]
Refractive Index of air is 1.0003. Answer :
Question 13. Internal Fertilization External Fertilization
Name two non-biodegradable substances. [1]
Answer : 1. The fusion of male 1. The fusion of gametes
gamete and female occurs inside the body.
Two non-biodegradable substances are metals and
gamete occurs outside
plastics.
the body.
Question 14.
At the instance of a far seeing forest officer ..............., 2. Development occurs 2. Development occurs
villagers were involved in the protection of badly inside the body. outside the body.
degraded Sal forest in 1972 in the Arabari forest range Example: Humans. Example: Frog.
of Midnapore district of West Bengal. [1] Question 21.
Answer : A doctor has prescribed a corrective lens of power
Shri Ajit Kumar Banerjee. + 1.5 D. Find the focal length of the lens. Is the
Question 15. prescribed lens diverging or converging ? [2]
Define ‘food-chain’. [1] Answer :
Answer : 1 1m
f 0.67m
The simplest food relation in an ecosystem is food P 1.5
chain. It is a sequential list of one organism consuming
f = 0.67 m, Lens is converging
the other.
Question No. 16 to 24 carry 2 marks each and their Question 22.
answer should not be more than 30 words. Why does the sky appear dark instead of blue to an
Question 16. Astronaut ? [2]
Oil and fat containing food items are flushed with Answer :
nitrogen. Why ? [2] Refer to H.P. Board Paper, March 2023, Term-II,
Answer : Series-C, Answer 23
Refer to H.P. Board Paper, September 2022, Term-I, Question 23.
Series-B, Answer 21
Why are copper and aluminium wires usually
Question 17.
employed for electricity transmission ? [2]
What are the limitations of Newland’s law of
Answer :
[2]
Copper and aluminium are usually employed for
Answer :
electricity transmission as copper and aluminium have
Refer to H.P. Board Paper, March 2022, Term-II, low resistivity and therefore there will be less loss of
Series-A, Answer 31 energy when a certain current flows through them.
Question 18. Question 24.
What is Hydrogenation ? What is its industrial Can the organisms of any trophic level be removed
application ? [2] without causing any damage to the ecosystem ? [2]
Answer : Answer :
Refer to H.P. Board Paper, March 2023, Term-II, No, by removing the organisms of any trophic level
Series-A, Answer 28 ecosystem will be adversely affected. E.g., if we remove
Question 19. carnivores, it will rapidly increase the vegetarian
population, which leads to rapid consumption of
Describe double circulation in human beings. Why is
vegetation resulting in scarcity of vegetarian.
it necessary ? [2]
Question No. 25 to 28 carry 3 marks each and their
Answer : answer should not be more than 40 words.
During a single cycle blood goes twice in the heart Question 25.
which is known as double circulation. It is necessary
Draw a well labelled diagram of human heart. [3]
in human being to separate oxygenated and de-
oxygenated blood because this means their circulation Answer :
system is more efficient and helps in maintaining Refer to H.P. Board Paper, December 2021, Term-I,
constant body temperature. Series-C, Answer 35
384 | HP Board - X (Solved Papers)

Question 26. Question 30.

What is thermit-reaction ? Write an use of it. [3] Explain the human female reproductive system in
Answer : detail with the help of a well labelled diagram. [5]
Thermit reaction is an exothermic reaction which Answer :
produces large amount of heat and can be used for
Refer to H.P. Board Paper, March 2022, Term-II,
joining the railway tracks. Example of thermit reaction.
Series-C, Answer 35
Fe2O3(s) + 2Al(s) 2Fe(s) + Al2O3(s) + energy
Question 31.
Question 27.
Three resistors of resistances 2 , 3 and 4 are Write ten differences between metals and non-
connected in series. Find the total resistance of this metals based upon five physical and five chemical
combination. [3] properties. [5]
Answer : Answer :
Given; R1 = 2 , R2 = 3 , R3 = 4 , Differences between metals and non-metals on the basis
RS = R1 + R2 + R3 of physical properties.
RS = 2 +3 +4 Metals Non-metals
RS = 9 1. Metals are generally Non-metals are either
Question 28. hard in nature. solids or gases.
What are the advantages of using solar-cells ? [3] 2. Metals are ductile. Non-metals are non-ductile.
Answer : 3. Metals are malleable. Non-metals are not
Refer to H.P. Board Paper, March 2020 Series B, Answer 28. malleable.
Question No. 29 to 31 carry 5 marks each and their 4. Metals are sonorous. Non-metals are non-sonorous.
answer should not be more than 70 words. 5. Most of the metals Non-metals are not good
Question 29. are good conductors conductors of electricity.
Explain the underlying principle and working of an of electricity.
electric generator by drawing a labelled diagram. What Differences between metals and non-metals on the basis
is the function of brushes ? [5] of chemical properties.
Answer : Refer to H.P. Board Paper, September 2022, Term-I,
Refer to H.P. Board Paper, September 2022, Term-I, Series-A, Answer 32
Series-A, Answer 32 (OR)
Science and Technology March 2019
Time Allowed : 3 Hours Maximum Marks : 60

(SERIES–A)
Questions from 1 to 15 carry 1 mark each. No mark (i) Only plane
will be given to the answer written after cutting. (ii) Only concave
Question 1. (iii) Only convex
Balance the following chemical equation : [1] (iv) Either plane or convex
MnO2 + HCl MnCl2 + H2O + Cl2 Answer.
Answer. (iv) No matter how far you stand from a mirror, your
MnO2 + 4HCl MnCl2 + 2H2O + Cl2 image always appears erect. the mirror is likely to be
Question 2. either plane or convex.
Write the chemical formula of bleaching powder. [1] Question 10.
Answer. The least distance of distinct vision for a young adult
Chemical formula of bleaching powder is CaOCl2. with normal vision is about ............... . [1]
Question 3. Answer.
Write the chemical formula and structural formula of The least distance of distinct vision for a young adult
butane. [1] with normal vision is about 25 cm.
Answer. Question 11.
Chemical formula of butane : C4H10 Write the S.I. unit of Electric Power ? [1]
Answer.
Structural formula
The S.I. unit of electric power is watt.
Question 12.
Name a device that helps to maintain a potential
difference across a conductor. [1]
Answer.
A device that helps to maintain a potential difference
across a conductor is battery.
Question 4. Question 13.
Which element has a total of two shells, with three Name the energy stored in the water of a dam. [1]
electrons in its valance shell ? [1] Answer.
Answer. The energy stored in the water of a dam is potential
Boron has a total of two shells, with three electrons in energy.
its valence shell (2 electrons in K shell and 3 electrons Question 14.
in L shell). Give any two names of natural resources. [1]
Question 5. Answer.
Name the respiratory pigment in human beings. [1] The two names of natural resources are water and soil.
Answer. Question 15.
Haemoglobin is the respiratory pigment in human Define Consumers. [1]
beings.
Answer.
Question 6.
The organisms which consume the food produced
Give an example of plant hormone that promotes either directly from producers or indirectly by feeding
growth. [1] on others are the consumers.
Answer. Question No. 16 to 24 carry 2 marks each and their
An example of plant hormone that promotes growth answer should not be more than 30 words.
is Auxin. Question 16.
Question 7. Why should a magnesium ribbon be cleaned before
Who was father of Heredity ? [1] burning in air ? [2]
Answer. Answer.
Gregor Johnn Mendel was the father of Heredity. Refer to H.P. Board Paper, September 2022, Term-I,
Question 8. Series-A, Answer 21
Give full form of HIV. [1] Question 17.
Answer. Why does an aqueous solution of an acid conduct
HIV : Human Immunodeficiency Virus. electricity ? [2]
Question 9. Answer.
No matter how far you stand from a mirror, your image Acids dissociate in aqueous solutions to form H+(aq)
always appears erect. The mirror is likely to be : [1] ions. These ions are responsible for conduction of
386 | HP Board - X (Solved Papers)

electricity as current is carried out by the movement 2. Wood : It is obtained from forests. Deforestation at
of ions in aqueous solution. a faster rate has caused a reduction in the number
Question 18. of forests on the Earth. It takes hundreds of years
Would you be able to check if water is hard or not by to grow a forest. If deforestation is continued at
using a detergent ? [2] this rate, then there would be no more wood left
Answer. on the Earth. Hence, wood is an exhaustible source
Refer to H.P. Board Paper, March 2023, Term-II, of energy.
Series-B, Answer 28 Question No. 25 to 28 carry 3 marks each and their
Question 19. answer should not be more than 40 words.
What would be the consequences of a deficiency of Question 25.
haemoglobin in our body ? [2]
Answer. [3]
Refer to H.P. Board Paper, September 2022, Term-I, Answer.
Series-B, Answer 23 Refer to H.P. Board Paper, March 2022, Term-II,
Question 20. Series-A, Answer 31
Why are some patients of diabetes treated by giving Question 26.
injections of insulin ? [2] How are the modes of reproduction different in
Answer. unicellular and multicellular organisms ? [3]
Diabetes is a disease in which the level of sugar in the Answer.
blood becomes too high. Insulin, a hormone secreted In unicellular organisms, reproduction occurs by the
by the pancreas, helps in regulating the blood sugar division of the entire cell. The modes of reproduction
levels. That is why diabetic patients are treated by in unicellular organisms can be fission, budding
giving injections of insulin. etc. whereas in multicellular organisms, specialised
Question 21. reproductive organs are present. Therefore, they can
Can the wing of a butterfly and the wing of a bat be reproduce by complex reproductive methods such as
considered homologous organs? Why or why not ? [2] vegetative propagation spore formation, etc. In more
Answer. complex multicellular organisms such as human
Refer to H.P. Board Paper, September 2022, Term-I, beings and plants the mode of reproduction is sexual
Series-A, Answer 24 reproduction.
Question 22. Question 27.
Find the radius of curvature of a spherical mirror Why does the cord of an electric heater not glow while
having focal length 10 cm. [2] the heating element does ? [3]
Answer. Answer.
Given, f = 10cm Refer to H.P. Board Paper, September 2022, Term-I,
We know, R = 2f Series-B, Answer 26
R = 2 × 10 cm
Question 28.
R = 20 cm
[3]
Question 23.
List the properties of magnetic lines of force. [2] Answer.
Answer. Refer to H.P. Board Paper, March 2023, Term-II,
Series-A, Answer 31
Refer to H.P. Board Paper, September 2022, Term-I,
Series-B, Answer 31 Question No. 29 to 31 carry 5 marks each and their
answer should not be more than 70 words.
Question 24.
Question 29.
Give the names of two energy sources that you would
Differentiate between physical and chemical properties
consider to be exhaustible. Give reasons for your
choices. [2] of metals and non-metals. [5]
Answer. Answer.
The two exhaustible energy sources are as follows : Refer to H.P. Board Paper, March 2020 Series C, Answer 31.
1. Coal : It is produced from dead remains of plants Question 30.
and animals that remain buried under the earth’s Describe the structure and functions of human brain
crust for millions of years. Industrialisation has with the help of well labelled diagram. [5]
increased the demand of coal. However, coal Answer.
cannot replenish within a short period of time. Human Brain : The human brain is made up of different
Hence, it is non-renewable or exhaustible source parts and compartments for each of the functions. The
of energy. different parts of the brain are :
 Science and Technology, March 2019 | 387

1. Forebrain : It is the main thinking part of the 2. Mid brain : The mid brain connects the forebrain
brain and controls all the voluntary actions. The and the hind brain. It acts as a bridge and
forebrain processes sensory information that is transmits signals from hind brain and forebrain. It
collected from the various sense organs such as is associated with motor control, vision, hearing,
ears, eyes, nose, tongue, skin. Due to the presence temperature regulation, alertness.
of forebrain, humans are placed at the highest 3. Hind brain : It is the control centre for visceral
level in the animal chain. function. As a result, this part of the brain plays a
role in controlling the heart rate, breathing, blood
The forebrain consists of the cerebrum, thalamus pressure, sleep and waking up functions etc.
and hypothalamus. The hind brain has three parts, namely-medulla
Cerebrum : The cerebrum is the biggest part oblongata, pons and cerebellum.
of the brain. This part associate with higher The cerebellum is responsible for maintaining
brain functions such as thinking and action. It equilibrium, transfer of information, fine
contains the cerebral cortex and other subcortical adjustments to motor actions, co-ordinating
structures. The cerebral cortex is highly wrinkled eye movements etc. Co-ordination and body
and makes the brain very efficient. balancing posture during walking, riding,
standing, swimming, running are all maintained
Now the cerebral cortex again divides into four by the cerebellum.
divisions called lobes that are :
(a) Frontal lobe : It is associated with the parts of
speech, reasoning, problem-solving, planning,
movement and emotions.
(b) Parietal lobe : It is associated with parietal lobe for
recognition, orientation and perception of stimuli.
(c) Occipital lobe : It is responsible for visual
processing.
(d) Temporal lobe : Finally temporal lobe is associated
with memory, speech perception and recognition
of auditory stimuli. Human Brain
The cerebrum is divided into two halves by Question 31.
a deep furrow. These halves are the left and Explain the underlying principle and working of an
right hemispheres. Each side's function slightly electric generator by drawing a labelled diagram.
differ from the other, even though they are What is the function of brushes ? [5]
symmetrical. So the right hemisphere relates to Answer.
logic abilities and corpus callosum connects the Refer to H.P. Board Paper, September 2022, Term-I,
two hemisphere. Series-A, Answer 32 (OR)

Science and Technology March 2019

Time Allowed : 3 Hours Maximum Marks : 60

(SERIES–B)
Questions from 1 to 15 carry 1 mark each. No mark Question 3.
will be given to the answer written after cutting.
Write the chemical formula and structural formula of
Question 1.
Propane. [1]
Balance the following chemical equation : [1]
Cu + AgNO3 Cu(NO3)2 + Ag Answer.
Answer. Chemical formula of propane : C3H8
Cu + 2AgNO3 Cu(NO3)2 + 2Ag Structural formula of propane :
Question 2.
Write the chemical formula of washing soda. [1]
Answer.
Chemical formula of washing soda : Na2CO3 n-propane
388 | HP Board - X (Solved Papers)

Question 4. Question 13.

Which element has two shells and both of which are A solar cell converts which energy into electrical
completely filled with electrons. [1] [1]
Answer. Answer.
Neon has two shells, both of which are completely filled A solar cell converts solar energy into electrical energy.
with electrons (2 electrons in K shell and 8 electrons Question 14.
in L shell). When and where the ‘Chipko Andolan’ originated ?
Question 5. [1]
Name the pigment responsible for photosynthesis in Answer.
plants. [1] The ‘Chipko Andolan’ began in 1974 in a remote village
Answer. called Reni in Garhwal, high-up in the Himalayas.
The pigment responsible for photosynthesis in plants Question 15.
is chlorophyll. Define producers. [1]
Question 6. Answer.
Which hormone is secreted by thyroid gland ? [1] Producers : All green plants and certain bacteria
Answer. which can produce food by photosynthesis, can make
Thyroxine hormone is secreted by thyroid gland. compounds like sugar and starch from inorganic
Question 7. substances using the radiant energy of the sun in the
Who formulated the hypothesis that “evolution took presence of chlorophyll are called the producers.
place due to natural selection”. [1] Question No. 16 to 24 carry 2 marks each and their
Answer. answer should not be more than 30 words.
Charles Darwin formulated the hypothesis that Question 16.
“Evolution took place due to natural selection.” Oil and fat containing food items are flushed with
Question 8. nitrogen. Why ? [2]
Give full form of DNA. [1] Answer.
Answer. Refer to H.P. Board Paper, September 2022, Term-I,
DNA : Deoxy ribonucleic Acid Series-B, Answer 21
Question 9. Question 17.
The image formed by a concave mirror is observed to be Why plaster of paris should be stored in a moisture
virtual, erect and larger than the object. Where should proof container ? [2]
be the position of the object ? [1]
Answer.
(i) Between the principal focus and the centre of
curvature. Refer to H.P. Board Paper, December 2021, Term-I,
(ii) At the centre of curvature. Series-C, Answer 21
(iii) Beyond the centre of curvature. Question 18.
(iv) Between the pole of the mirror and its principal Why do you think the noble gases are placed in
focus. a separate group ? [2]
Answer. Answer.
(iv) The image formed by a concave mirror is observed Refer to H.P. Board Paper, March 2023, Term-II,
to be virtual, erect and larger than the object, then the Series-B, Answer 26
position of the object should be between the pole of the Question 19.
mirror and its principal focus.
What is the role of saliva in the digestion of food ? [2]
Question 10.
Answer.
The human eye form the image of an object at its ......... .
[1] Refer to H.P. Board Paper, December 2021, Term-I,
Answer. Series-A, Answer 25
The human eye form the image of an object at its retina. Question 20.
Question 11. How does our body respond when adrenaline is
secreted into the blood ? [2]
What is the S.I. unit of Electric charge ? [1]
Answer. Answer.
The S.I. unit of electric charge is coulomb (C). Adrenalin is a hormone secreted by the adrenal glands
in case of any danger or emergency or any kinds of
Question 12.
stress. It is secreted directly into the blood and is
Name the device which produces electric current. [1] transported to the different parts of the body. When
Answer. secreted in large amounts, it speeds up the heartbeat
The device which produces electric current is generator. and hence supplies more oxygen to the muscles. The
 Science and Technology, March 2019 | 389

breathing rate also increases due to contractions of the wings of birds look different externally but their
diaphragm and ribs muscles. It also increases the blood skeletal structure is similar. It means their origin is
pressure. All these responses enable the body to deal similar (as wings in birds are modifications of farearms)
with any stress or emergency. but functions are different the wings help in flight
Question 21. whereas human forearms help in various activities.
How is the process of pollination different from
fertilization ? [2]
Answer.
Refer to H.P. Board Paper, March 2023, Term-II,
Series-B, Answer 32 (OR) (b)
Question 22.
The magnification produced by a plane mirror is + 1.
What does this mean ? [2]
Answer.
Magnification produced by a mirror is given by the
relation :
Image Height ( H1 )
magnification; m = Object Height ( H ) 1 Analogous organs : On the other hand, these organs
2 have different origin but perform similar functions.
H1 = H2 For example, the wings of a bird and a bat are similar
in function but this similarity does not mean these
The magnification produced by a plane mirror is +1. animals are more closely related. If we carefully look
It shows that the image formed by the plane mirror is at these structures, then we will find that the wings of a
of the same size as that of the object. The positive sign
bat are just the folds of skin that are stretched between
shows that the image formed in virtual and erect.
its fingers whereas the wings of birds are present all
Question 23. along the arm. Therefore, these organs are analogous
Name four devices in which electric motors are used. organs.
[2] Question 27.
Answer. What are the advantages of connecting electrical
devices in parallel with the batteries instead of
Refer to H.P. Board Paper, December 2021, Term-I, connecting them in series ? [3]
Series-C, Answer 27 Answer.
Question 24. Refer to H.P. Board Paper, March 2020 Series A, Answer 23.
What are the disadvantages of fossil fuels ? [2] Question 28.
What will happen if we kill all the organisms in one
Answer.
trophic level ? [3]
Refer to H.P. Board Paper, September 2022, Term-I, Answer.
Series-B, Answer 25 Refer to H.P. Board Paper, March 2020 Series B, Answer 24.
Question Nos. 25 to 28 carry 3 marks each and their Question No. 29 to 31 carry 5 marks each and their
answer should not be more than 40 words. answer should not be more than 70 words.
Question 25. Question 29.
What is a homologous series? Explain with an example. Differentiate between metals and non-metals on the
[3] basis of their chemical properties. [5]
Answer.
Answer.
Refer to H.P. Board Paper, September 2022, Term-I,
Refer to H.P. Board Paper, March 2023, Term-II, Series-A, Answer 32
Series-C, Answer 28
Question 30.
Question 26. Describe the structure and functioning of a nephron.
Explain the term analogous and homologus organs [5]
with examples. [3] Answer.
Answer. Nephrons are the basic filtering units of kidneys.
Each kidney possesses large number of nephrons,
Homologous Organs : These are similar in origin (or approximately 1-1.5 million. The main components of
are embryologically similar) but perform different the nephron are glomerulus, Bowman’s capsule and a
functions. For example, the forelimbs of humans and long renal tubule.
390 | HP Board - X (Solved Papers)

tubule and finally to the collecting duct. Collecting

duct collects urine from many nephrons.
6. The urine formed in each kidney enters a long tube
called ureter. From ureter, it gets transported to
the urinary bladder and then into the urethra.
Question 31.
Explain the following— [5]
(i) Why are the conductors of electric heating devices,
such as bread toasters and electric irons made of
an alloy rather than pure metal ?
(ii) How does the resistance of a wire vary with its
area of cross-section ?
Answer.
(i) Alloy is preferred over pure-metals for
manufacturing of conductors of electric heating
Functioning of a nephron :
devices because :
1. The blood enters the kidney through the renal 1. Alloy have higher resistivity as compared to pure
artery, which branches into many cappillaries metals. When current is passed through an element
associated with glomerulus. made of alloy, a large amount of heat is produced.
2. The water and solute are transferred to the
2. Resistivity of an alloy almost does not change
nephron at Bowman’s capsule.
with temperature. So an element of alloy does not
3. In the proximal tubule, some substances such readily get oxidised at higher temperature.
as amino acids, glucose and salts are selectively
(ii) Resistance of a conductor is inverserly proportional
reabsorbed and unwanted molecules are added
to its area of cross-section.
in the urine.
4. The filtrate then moves down into the loop of l
R
Henle, where more water is absorbed. A
5. Then the filtrate moves upwards into the distal

Science and Technology March 2019

Time Allowed : 3 Hours Maximum Marks : 60
(SERIES–C)
Questions from Sr. No. 1 to 15 carry 1 mark each. No Question 4.
mark will be given to the answer written after cutting. Which element has twice as many electrons in its
Question 1. second shell as in its first shell ? [1]
Balance the following chemical equation : [1] Answer.
NaOH + H2SO4 Na2SO4 + H2O Carbon (C) has twice as many electrons in its second
Answer. shell as in its first shell (2 electrons in K shell and 4
2NaOH + H2SO4 Na2SO4 + 2H2O electrons in L shell).
Question 2. Question 5.
Write the chemical formula of baking soda. [1] Name the plant tissue responsible for transportation
Answer. of water and minerals. [1]
Chemical formula of Baking soda : NaHCO3 Answer.
Question 3. The plant tissue responsible for transporatation of
Give chemical formula and structural formula of water and minerals is xylem.
pentane. [1]
Question 6.
Answer.
Which gland secretes insulin hormone ? [1]
Chemical formula of pentane : C5H12
Structural formula of pentane : Answer.
Pancreas secretes insulin hormone.
Question 7.
The diameter of human eye-ball is about ....... cm. [1]
Answer.
n – pentane The diameter of human eye-ball is about 2.3 cm.
 Science and Technology, March 2019 | 391

Question 8. Answer.
Give full form of AIDS. [1] Refer to H.P. Board Paper, December 2021, Term-I,
Answer. Series-C, Answer 22
AIDS : Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. Question 18.
Question 9.
Who formulated the ‘theory of evolution’ ? [1] [2]
Answer. Answer.
Charles Darwin formulated the ‘theory of evolution’. Refer to H.P. Board Paper, March 2023, Term-II,
Question 10. Series-A, Answer 26
Where should an object be placed in front of a convex Question 19.
lens to get a real image of the size of the object ? [1] How are fats digested in our body ? Where does this
(i) At the principal focus of the lens process take place ? [2]
(ii) At twice the focal length Answer.
(iii) At infinity Fats are digested in the small intestine. The secretion of
(iv) Between the optical centre of the lens and its liver called bile breaks down the large globules of fats
principal focus. into smaller globules. The bile also makes the medium
Answer. alkaline so that pancreatic enzyme containing lipase
To get a real image of the size of the object, the object further digests fats.
should be placed in front of a convex lens (ii) at twice Question 20.
the focal length. Why is the use of iodised salt advisable ? [2]
Question 11. Answer.
What is the [Link] of Electric current ? [1] Refer to H.P. Board Paper, March 2023, Term-II,
Answer. Series-A, Answer 21
The S.I. unit of electric current is Ampere (A). Question 21.
Question 12. How does binary fission differ from multiple fission ?
Name the device which detect the presence of current [2]
in a circuit ? [1] Answer.
Answer. Refer to H.P. Board Paper, March 2023, Term-II,
Galvanometer is the device which detect the presence Series-C, Answer 27
of current in a circuit.
Question 22.
Question 13.
Find the focal length of a convex mirror whose radius
[1] of curvature is 32 cm. [2]
Answer. Refer to H.P. Board Paper, March 2023, Term-II,
Potential energy is used while going upstairs. Series-C, Answer 24
Question 14. Question 23.
Name a green house gas. [1]
On what factors does the resistance of a conductor
Answer. depend ? [2]
The name of green house gas is carbon dioxide (CO2).
Answer.
Question 15.
Refer to H.P. Board Paper, September 2022, Term-I,
What are decomposers ? [1] Series-A, Answer 26
Answer. Question 24.
The organisms which break down the dead remains and What are the qualities of an ideal source of energy ? [2]
waste products of organisms are called decomposers.
Eg. fungi. Answer.
Question No. 16 to 24 carry 2 marks each and their Refer to H.P. Board Paper, December 2021, Term-I,
answer should not be more than 30 words. Series-B, Answer 33
Question 16. Question No. 25 to 28 carry 3 marks each and their
Why do we apply paint on iron articles ? [2] answer should not be more than 40 words.
Answer. Question 25.
Refer to H.P. Board Paper, September 2022, Term-I, What is hydrogenation? What is its industrial
Series-C, Answer 21 application? [3]
Question 17. Answer.
Why should curd and sour substances not be kept in Refer to H.P. Board Paper, March 2023, Term-II,
brass and copper vessels ? [2] Series-A, Answer 28
392 | HP Board - X (Solved Papers)

Question 26. Question Nos. 29 to 31 carry 5 marks each and their

What are fossils ? What do they tell us about the process answer should not be more than 70 words.
of evolution ? [3] Question 29.
Answer. What is rust? What are the necessary conditions for
Refer to H.P. Board Paper, September 2022, Term-I, rusting? How iron is prevented from rusting ? [5]
Series-B, Answer 30 Answer.
Question 27. Refer to H.P. Board Paper, September 2022, Term-I,
Series-B, Answer 32
Why does the sky appear dark instead of blue to an
astronaut ? [3] Question 30.
Answer. Explain the construction and working of human heart
with the help of labelled diagram. [5]
Refer to H.P. Board Paper, March 2023, Term-II, Answer.
Series-C, Answer 23
Refer to H.P. Board Paper, December 2021, Term-I,
Question 28. Series-C, Answer 35
What are trophic levels? Give an example of a food Question 31.
chain and state the different trophic levels in it. [3]
Draw a labelled diagram of an electric motor. Explain
Answer. its principle and working. What is the function of a
Refer to H.P. Board Paper, March 2022, Term-II, split ring in an electric motor ? [5]
Series-A, Answer 35 or (i) Answer.
Refer to H.P. Board Paper, March 2020 Series B, Answer 29.
Science and Technology [Unsolved] March 2018
Time Allowed : 3 Hours Maximum Marks : 60

(SERIES–A)
Questions from 1 to 15 carry 1 mark each. No mark Question 17.
Write an equation to show the reaction between Plaster
Question 1. of Paris and water. [1½]
Balance the following chemical equation : [1] Question 18.
Fe + H2O Fe3O4 + H2 What do you mean by Roasting? Give example. [1½]
Question 2. Question 19.
What is the pH value of Acid rain? [1] Draw the electron dot structure for ethanoic acid.
Question 3. [1½]
Question 20.
What is the melting point of methane? [1]
Name three elements that have a single electron in their
Question 4. outermost shell. [1½]
Which metal does not corrode easily ? [1] Question 21.
Question 5. What are the problems caused by the non-biodegradable
wastes that we generate? [1½]
[1] Question 22.
Question 6. What are the components of the transport system in
Write the full form of A.T.P. [1] highly organized plants? [1½]
Question 7. Answer.
The Anther contains : Question 23.
(i) Sepals (ii) Ovules Draw the diagram of a Neuron. [1½]
(iii) Carpel (iv) Pollengrains. [1] Question 24.
Question 8. How is the sex of the child determined in human
What is the refractive index of water? [1] beings? [1½]
Question 9. Answer.
What is the symbol of Ammeter used in electric circuit?
[1]
Question 10. Question 25.
The frequency of Alternating currents is ...............Hz.
[1½]
(Fill in the blank) [1]
Question 26.
Question 11.
Which country is called the "Country of Winds" ? [1]
Question 12.
Which of the following constitute a food-chain? [1]
Question 27.
(i)
(ii) [1½]
(iii) Question 28.
(iv) [1½]
Question 13. Question 29.
What is the meaning of second R in 3 Rs ? [1] Write a note on "Chipko Andolan". [1½]
Question 14. Questions from 30 to 35 carry 2 mark each. No mark
[1]
Answer. Question 30.

[2]
Question 15. Answer.
What is the approximate value of solar-constant? [1]
Questions from 16 to 29 carry 1.5 mark each. No mark Series B Answer 21.
Question 31.
Question 16. Draw the structural isomers for Butane. [2]
What do you mean by combination reaction? Give Question 32.
example. [1½] State Fleming's Right-hand Rule. [2]
394 | HP Board - X (Solved Papers)

Question 33. Question 37.

What are the differences between Reflection and With the help of labelled diagram explain the structure
Refraction? [2] (construction) and working of the human eye. [4]
Question 34. Or
What contribution you can make in reducing the A convex mirror used for rear-view on an automobile
problem of waste disposal? Give any two methods.[2]
Answer.
Question 35. size of the image.
Why reduction in number of surviving tigers is a cause Question 38.
of worry from the point of view of genetics? [2]
[4]
Questions from 36 to 38 carry 4 mark each. No mark
(i)
Question 36. (ii) Ore
(iii) Gangue.
[4]

Science and Technology [Unsolved] March 2018

Time Allowed : 3 Hours Maximum Marks : 60

(SERIES–B)
Questions from 1 to 15 carry 1 mark each. No mark Question 12.
What is lens-formula? [1]
Question 1. Answer.
Balance the following chemical equation : [1] Refer to H.P. Board Paper, March 2020 Series A, Answer 10.
N2 + H 2 NH3 Question 13.
Question 2. What is the meaning of First R in 3 Rs? [1]
Question 14.
What is the pH value of milk? [1]
What is Ozone ? [1]
Question 3. Question 15.
What is the melting point of chloroform? [1] Give one food-chain having at least two steps. [1]
Question 4. Questions from 16 to 29 carry 1.5 mark each. No mark
Name one metal which is found in nature in the free
state? [1] Question 16.
Question 5. What do you mean by displacement reaction? Give
What will be the formula of cyclopentane? [1] example? [1½]
Question 6. Question 17.
Write the full form of A.D.P. [1]
Give two main uses of Bleaching Powder. [1½]
Question 7.
Question 18.
What does amalgam mean? Give example. [1½]
(i) a-Chinese school-boy
Answer.
(ii) a-Chimpanzee
Question 19.
(iii) a Spider
Draw the electron dot structure for Propanone. ? [1½]
(iv) a Bacterium [1]
Question 20.
Question 8.
What is the refractive index of ice? [1]
[1½]
Answer.
Question 21.
Refer to H.P. Board Paper, March 2020 Series B, Answer 12.
Question 9. Why are some substances biodegradable and some
What is the symbol of voltmeter used in electric circuit? non-biodegradable? [1½]
[1] Question 22.
Question 10. What is the role of the acid in our stomach? [1½]
The power of Alternating current is received at ............V. Question 23.
(Fill in the blank) [1] Draw the diagram of a Nephron. [1½]
Question 11. Question 24.
What factors could lead to the rise of a new species?
has been established? [1] [1½]
 Science and Technology, March 2018 | 395

Question 25. Question 32.

[1½] List the properties of magnetic lines of forces. [2]
Answer. Answer.
Refer to H.P. Board Paper, March 2023, Term-II, Series A, Refer to H.P. Board Paper, September 2022, Term-I, Series
Answer 30. B, Answer 31.
Question 26. Question 33.
Why do we prefer a convex mirror as a rearview mirror
type of lens is this? [1½] in vehicles? [2]
Answer. Question 34.
Refer to H.P. Board Paper, March 2020 Series B, Answer 21. [2]
Question 27. Question 35.
What are the qualities of an ideal source of energy? What evidence do we have for the origin of life from
[2]
[1½]
Questions from 36 to 38 carry 4 mark each. No mark
Answer.
Refer to H.P. Board Paper, December 2021, Term-I, Series
Question 36.
B, Answer 33.
What is photosynthesis? Write its importance. [4]
Question 28.
Question 37.
[1½] On what factors does the resistance of a conductor
Question 29. [4]
What is pollution? [1½] Or
Questions from 30 to 35 carry 2 mark each. No mark

Question 30. distance from the mirror should a screen be placed in

[2] order to obtain a sharp image? Find the nature and
Answer. size of the image.
Refer to H.P. Board Paper, September 2022, Term-I, Series Question 38.
C, Answer 21. (i) What are Alloys? What are their uses?
Question 31. (ii) etallurgy. [4]
[2]

Science and Technology [Unsolved] March 2018

Time Allowed : 3 Hours Maximum Marks : 60
(SERIES–C)
Questions from 1 to 15 carry 1 mark each. No mark (iii) Balancing the body.
(iv) All of the above [1]
Question 1.
Balance the following chemical equation : [1] Question 8.
3N2 + H2O 2 + NH3 What is the refractive index of Benzene? [1]
Question 2. Question 9.
[1]
Question 3. What is the symbol of Resistor used in electric circuit?
What is the boiling point of methane? [1] [1]
Question 4. Question 10.
Give an example of a metal which is a poor conductor Name a mirror that can give an erect and enlarged
of heat. [1]
Question 5. image of an object ? [1]
Question 11.
[1] Which of the following is not an example of a bio-mass
Question 6. energy source?
Write the full form of D.N.A. [1]
(i) Wood
Question 7.
The brain is responsible for: (ii) Gobar-gas
(i) Thinking (iii)
(ii) Regulating the heart beat (iv) Coal [1]
396 | HP Board - X (Solved Papers)

Question 12. Question 26.

Name the device that helps to maintain a potential How much work is done in moving a charge of 2C
[1]
Answer. [1½]
Refer to H.P. Board Paper, March 2019 Series A, Answer 12. Question 27.
Question 13. [1½]
[1] Question 28.
Question 14. What is function of an earth wire. [1½]
[1] Question 29.
Answer. Why the ban on use of polythene bag is necessary?
[1½]
Refer to H.P. Board Paper, March 2019 Series A, Answer 15.
Questions from 30 to 35 carry 2 mark each. No mark
Question 15.
When was Ganga Action Plan launched ? [1] Question 30.
Questions from 16 to 29 carry 1.5 mark each. No mark [2]
Question 31.
Question 16.
[2]
What does one mean by Redox reactions ? Give
example. [1½] Question 32.
[2]
Question 17.
Question 33.
Give two main uses of Plaster of Paris. [1½] [2]
Question 18. Question 34.
What is meant by calcination ? Give example. [1½] [2]
Question 19. Question 35.
What would be the electron dot structure of carbon What is the role of the seminal vesicles and the prostate
gland? [2]
dioxide which has the formula CO2 ? [1½]
Question 36.
Question 20.
Name two elements that have two electrons in their
on the basis of their physical and chemical properties?
outermost shell. [1½]
[4]
Question 21. Question 37.
[1½]
Question 22. its principle and working. What is the importance of a
How is food transported in plants ? [1½] split ring in an electric motor. [4]
Question 23. Or

Draw a labelled diagram of the longitudinal section of

distance should the object from the lens be placed so
[1½]
Question 24.
Question 38.
evolutionary relationships. [1½]
Question 25. and anaerobic respiration? [4]
What is Tynda [1½]
Social Science (Term-II) March 2023
Time Allowed : 3 Hours Maximum Marks : 50

(SERIES–A)
Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable
Marks allotted to each question are indicated against it.
Special Instructions:
(i) You must write Question Paper Series in the circle at top left side of the title page of your
Answer-book.
(ii) While answering your Questions, you must indicate on your Answer-book the same Question
No. as appears in your Question Paper.
(iii) Do not leave blank page/pages in your Answer-book.
(vi) The Map of India and World are enclosed with question paper. Fill it and attach it with the
Answer-book.

Section-'A' (Objective Type Questions) Question 2.

Answer the following questions: [1×5=5]
Question 1. (i)
Answer the following questions: [1×10=10]
(i) Who reformed the Steam Engine made by Newcomen?
(ii) Who brought the technique of Printing in Japan? (ii) Who was Raja Ravi Varma?
(iii)
(iv)
(v) Name the two factors which improve the Economy of (iii)

(vi) When did the Right to information Act came into force (c) Jowar (d) Sesamum
(iv)
(vii) Who was the founder of Bahujan Samajwadi Party?
(viii)
Organisation?
(ix)
(v) Which country has two-party system?
(x)
Ans:
(b) Britain
(i) James Watt reformed the Steam Engine amde by
(c) France
(d) Pakistan
(ii) Buddhist messeonaries from China intreduced the
Ans:
(iii)
(ii) (b) Artist
(iv)
(v)
(v) (b) Britain
(vi) Question 3.
Match Column-A with Column-B: [1×5=5]
(vii) Column-A Column-B
(i)
(viii) (ii)
(iii)
(ix) (iv)
(x)
398 | HP Board - X (Solved Papers)

(v)
Ans:
Column-A Column-B
(i) (iii)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv) Border Roads Organisation constructed
(iv)
1. Political Parties Contest Elections:
(v)

Section-'B' (Subjective Type Questions)

Question 4.
Answer any four of the following questions: [4×2=8]
2. Making Laws
(i)
(ii)

(iii) What is the meaning of Manufacturing? Write with

(v) When a shopkeeper cheats the consumer by giving him
(iv)
(v)
(vi)

Ans:
(i)
(vi)

covered to permit movement in order to avoid harm

(ii)

(Short Answer Type Questions)

Question 5.
Answer any four of the following questions: [4×3=12]
(i)

(ii)
owned by the British were supporters of the British
(iii)
(iv)

(v)

Ans:
(i)

extensive rights to censor repo

 Social Science (Term-II), March 2023 | 399

(ii)

(iii)

(iv)
Ans:
(ii) (i)

(iii)

(iv) Pressure groups are organised and unorganised groups

(ii) Solar Energy:

Reasons:

(v)
(iii)

managemnt teams which are the action groups and

(Long Answer Type Questions)

Question 6.
Answer any one of the following questions: [5×1=5]
(i)
400 | HP Board - X (Solved Papers)

(iv)

Question 7.
Fill the following in the Map of India/World: [½×5=2½]
(A) Geography (Show on India's Map) :

(c) Mumbai

(e) Arabian Sea

Ans:

(B) History (Show on the Map of World) : [½×5=2½]

(b) Japan
(c) China
 Social Science (Term-II), March 2023 | 401

Ans:

Social Science (Term-II) March 2023

Time Allowed : 3 Hours. Maximum Marks : 50

(SERIES–B)

Section-'A' (Objective Type Questions) (iii)

Question 1. (iv)
Answer the following questions: [1×10=10] (v)
(i)
(ii) (vi)
(vii)
(iii) (viii)

(iv) (ix)
(x)
(v)
(vi) Question 2.
(vii) Answer the following questions: [1×5=5]
(viii) (i)

(ix) When was the Consumer Protection Act passed?

(x) (ii) Spinning Jenny machine was invented by?
Committee?
Ans:
(i)
(iii)

(ii)
(c) Rajasthan
402 | HP Board - X (Solved Papers)

(iv)
new workers were e

(v) (ii)
(a) Five (b) Six
(c) Seven (d) Eight
Ans:

(iii) (c) Rajasthan

(v) (d) Eight

Question 3.
Match the Column-A with Column-B: [1×5=5]
Column-A Column-B
(i)

(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
Ans:
Column-A Column-B
(i) (iii)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(iv)
(v)
achieve certain aims by exerting pressure on

Section-'B' (Subjective Type Questions)

Question 4.
Answer any four of the following questions: [2×4=8]
(i)
(v)
(ii) Write a short note on the Erasmus's idea of the Printed

(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(vi)
Ans:
(vi)
(i)

(Short Answer Type Questions)

Question 5.
Answer any four of the following questions: [3×4=12]
(i)
 Social Science (Term-II), March 2023 | 403

(ii)
2. Intrest of the people:
(iii)

(iv)
(v) As the vibrations and waves continue to move through
(v)
Ans:
(i)

(Long Answer Type Questions)

Question 6.
Answer any one of the following questions: [1×5=5]
(i)

(ii)
and they began to study and admire the contemporary
(iii)

Economy?
(iv)

Ans:
(i)

(ii)

(iii) When MNCs invest their money to buy assets such as

(ii)

(iv) 1. Political parties contest elections:

2. Put forward policies and programmes:

1. Rule of the people: Adminstration in democracy

404 | HP Board - X (Solved Papers)

3. Making laws:

4. Political parties form and run the government:

(iv)

commodities for their needs from the market where

5. Perform the role of opposition:

Modern age is the age of consumer origen when we

(iii) and services and charging more for a commodity or

Question 7.
Fill the following in the Map of India/World: [½×5=2½]
(A) Geography (Show on India's Map) :

(b) One Mica Producing State

Ans:
 Social Science (Term-II), March 2023 | 405

(B) History (Show on the Map of World): [½×5=2½]

(b) America
(c) France
Ans:

Social Science (Term-II) March 2023

Time Allowed : 3 Hours Maximum Marks : 50

(SERIES–C)

Section-'A' (Objective Type Questions) Ans:

(i)
Question 1.
Answer the following questions: [10×1=10] (ii)
(i)
(iii)
(ii)
(iv)
(iii)
(v)
(iv)

(v) (vi)
(vi)
(vii)
(vii)
(viii)
(viii) (ix)
(ix)
(x)
(x) When was t
406 | HP Board - X (Solved Papers)

Question 2. (iv) What is i

Answer the following questions: [5×1=5] (v)
(i) (vi)
Ans:
(i)
(ii)

caste discrimination began to be written about in many

(iii)
(a) Cotton (b) Rice

(iv)
(a) Primary (b) Secondary

(v) What is the main concept of Bharatiya Janata Party?

Ans:

(iii) (d) Wheat

(ii)
(iv) (b) Secondary

Question 3. [5×1=5]
Match the Column-A with Column-B:
Column-A Column-B
(i)
(ii)
(iii) (iii)
(iv)
(v)
Ans:
Column-A Column-B
(i)
(ii)
(iii) (iv) Pressure groups are organised or unorganised groups
(iv)
(v)
try to achieve these aims by exerting pressure on the
Section-'B' (Subjective Type Questions)

Question 4.
Answer any four of the following questions: [4×2=8]
(i)

(ii)
(iii)
 Social Science (Term-II), March 2023 | 407

(v)

goods and services are produced and marketted

(ii)
Metallic Minerals Non-Metallic Minerals

(vi)

are

associated with associated with

(iii) Foreign trade is trad

in connecting the markets or integration of markets in

(Short Answer Type Questions) one market to another to choice of goods in the markets

Question 5.
Answer any four of the following questions: [3×4=12]
(i)

(ii)

(iii) (iv)
of markets across the countries? (Same as Q.6 (ii) Series-B (2023))
(iv) (v)
(v)

Ans:
(i)

for the service of the natio

408 | HP Board - X (Solved Papers)

(Long Answer Type Questions)

Question 6. 4. Climate:
Answer any one of the following questions: [5×1=5]
(i)

(ii)
5. Skilled labour:
(iii)

(iv)

(iii)
Ans:
(i) 1. Limited information:

of making transition to democracy and then 2. How literacy:

3. Problem of Adulteration:

4. Limited supplies:

5. Limited competition:

(ii)

1. Nearness to sources of raw materials:

(iv)

2. Power resources:

3. Means of transportation: Modern industries need

Cheap means of transportation are required for the

 Social Science (Term-II), March 2023 | 409

Question 7.
Fill the following in the Map of India/World using symbols: [½×5 =2½]
(A) Geography (Show on India's Map):

(b) Rice Producing State

(c) Surat
Ans:
410 | HP Board - X (Solved Papers)

(B) History (Show on the Map of World): [½×5 =2½]

(a) Russia
(b) Afghanistan

(d) Bhutan
(c) Red Sea
Ans:
Social Science (Term-I) September 2022
Time Allowed : 3 Hours Maximum Marks : 50

(SERIES–A)

Part-A (Objective Type Questions) (iii) The following is Zaid crops:

(a) Tea (b) Rice
Question 1.
(c) Watermelon (d) Corn
Answer the following questions: [10×1=10]
(iv) Banking comes under which sector ?
(i) When did the French Revolution happen ?
(a) Primary (b) Secondary
(ii) Who was the author of "The History of the Loss of
Vietnam" ? (c) Tertiary (d) All of above
(v) In which state did cyclone come in 1999 ?
(iii) Who was the founder of Swaraj Party ?
(a) Punjab (b) Haryana
(iv) Who invented the steam engine?
(c) Uttar Pradesh (d) Odisha
(v) What type of resource is iron-ore ?
Ans:
(vi) How many sectors are there in the Indian economy ?
(i) (c) Italy
(vii) Give the full form of G.D.P.
(ii) (b) 1919
(viii) How many Union Territories are there in India ?
(iii) (c) Watermelon
(ix) Who makes the law on the subjects of state list ? (iv) (c) Tertiary
(x) What is measurement unit of earthquake ? (v) (d) Odisha
Ans: Question 3.
(i) The French Revolution happened in 1789. Match Column 'A' with Column 'B' correctly: [5×1=5]
(ii) The author of "The History of the loss of Vietnam'' was Column 'A' Column 'B'
Phan Boi Chau. (i) Rinderpest 2005
(iii) Swaraj Party was founded by Mr. C.R. Das and Mr. (ii) National Rural 1930
Motilal Nehru. Employment Guarantee
(iv) James Watt improved the steam engine produced by Act (NREGA)
New corner and patented the new engine in 1781. (iii) Civil Disobedience A Cattle disease
(v) Iron-ore is a non-renewable mineral (ferrous) resource. Movement
(vi) There are three sectors in the Indian economy-primary, (iv) Project-Tiger 2004
secondary and tertiary. (v) Tsunami 1973
(vii) Full form of G.D.P.—Gross Domestic Product. Ans:
(viii) There are Eight union territories in India. Column 'A' Column 'B'
(ix) State government makes the laws on the subject of state (i) Rinderpest A cattle disease
list. (ii) National Rural Employment 2005
(x) Earthquake is measured in Richter scale unit. Guarantee Act (NREGA)
Question 2. (iii) Civil Disobedience Movement 1930
Answer the following questions: [5×1=5] (iv) Project-Tiger 1973
(i) Which country did revolutionary Giuseppe Mazzini (v) Tsunami 2004
belong?
(a) France (b) Germany Part-B (Subjective Type Questions)
(c) Italy (d) India (Very Short Answer Type Questions)
(ii) When did incident of Jallianwala Bagh Massacre take
place ? Question 4.
(a) 1809 (b) 1919 Answer any four of the following questions. [4×2=8]
(c) 1929 (d) 1819 (i) Why people in India were outraged by the Rowlatt Act?
412 | HP Board - X (Solved Papers)

(ii) What are the biotic resources ? (Short Answer Type Questions)
(iii) Question 5.
(iv) What is currency ? Answer any four of the following questions. [3×4=12]
(v) Why did the need of Power sharing occur in Indian (i) Write a note on the role of women in the nationalist
context ? struggle.
(vi) What are the main causes of Tsunami ? (ii) What type of soil is found in the river deltas of the
eastern coast ?
Ans:
(iii) What do you mean by Rain Water Harvesting? In which
(i) The Indians helped the British Government during the states is it used ?
First World War. They were hopeful that after the war
(iv) Distinguish between open unemployment and
the government would give them many rights. But the
disguised unemployment.
government did not do anything and discontent spread
(v) What is Federal Government? Write its two
among the people on this account. The government
characteristics.
also got frightened. It feared the beginning of a new
movement. To cope with his situation it passed the Ans:
Rowlatt Act in 1919 A.D. Now the government could (i) Women played a vital role in the nationalist struggles
arrest anybody without trial. It outraged Indians. The in Europe. They participated actively in the liberal
congress condemned it as the black legislation and movement. They formed their own political
under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi, strongly associations, founded newspapers and took part in
opposed it. Meetings were held everywhere and political meetings and demonstrations. For example,
Madam Roland always opposed rights of the French
unitedly opposed the British. king and queen in her articles and was the chairperson
(ii) Biotic resources: The living resources are called biotic of the Girondust party of France.
resources. These are obtained from Biosphere, such as (ii) Alluvial soil is found in the river deltas of the eastern
coast which is very fertile, Due to its high fertility,
these soils are intensively cultivated. These soils are
(iii) The removal of soil from one place to another by agents
rich in potash, phosphorous acid and lime.
of running water and wind is called soil erosion.
(iii) Rain water harvesting is a technique of increasing the
Causes of soil erosion.
recharge of ground water by capturing and storing
1. Steep slopes rainwater. Many low cost techniques are used in
running water. On steep slopes, the intensity of soil semi-arid areas like the state of Rajasthan. In Bikaner,
erosion increases. Phalodi and Barmer, undergound tanks or (tankas) are
2. Strong winds–Winds and dust storm blow away used for storing drinking water. These are connected
to the sloping roofs of the houses through pipes.

(iv) Currency is a modern form of money which includes Rain water or Palar pani is considered the purest form
paper notes and coins. It is authorised by the of natural water.
government of the country.
(iv) Open unemployment is a situation in which a person
(v) Power sharing is very much a necessity in any country who is able and willing to work at the existing wage
where a number of ethnic, linguistic and religious rate but cannot get work. This kind of unemployment
groups exist. It not only gives representation to all the exists due to lack of resources.
ethnic, religious and linguistic groups of the country
On the other hand disguised unemployment is a
but it also maintains political stability in the country.
situation in which more people are engaged in an
In the deeply divided society like, India, power sharing
activity than required. The absence of alternative
is very much necessary. Each group in this type of employment opportunities leads to this situation.
societies has its own ambitions, wishes; Examples Open unemployment exists among the educated
of resentment can be seen in the form of naxalism, unemployed. Generally this type of unemployment can
terrorism in Punjab and J & K. be seen in urban areas. On the other hand disguised
(vi) The main causes of Tsunami are earthquake, volcanic unemployment exists generally in the agricultural
eruptions and underwater landslides. sector and mostly among the rural people.
 Social Science (Term-I), September 2022 | 413

(v) Federal government is a type of government in which Such measures facilitated the movement and
one central government is there for the country and exchange of goods and capital from one region
to another.
system central government is either more powerful
(ii) In India forests are home to some communities. Forests
than states or states have equal powers vis-a-vis central
conserve the natural habitats.
government.
Examples
Two characteristics of federal government:
1. In Sariska Tiger Reserve, Rajasthan, villagers
1. Written and Rigid Constitution–In a federal
have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife
form of government, Constitution is made to
Protection Act.
divide the powers between the central government
and state governments so that neither of them may
make any amendment in the Constitution by itself Rajasthan have declared 1,200 hectares of forest
alone for its own interest. as the Bhairodev Dakar `Sonchuri'.

2. Supermacy of the Constitution–In a federal 3. Nature worship has preserved several virgin
government, the Constitution is surpreme, if a forests in pristine form called sacred groves (the
government makes any law which is contrary to forests of Gods and Goddess).
the provisions of the Constitution then it can be
4. Certain societies revere a particular tree which
declared unconstitutional by judicial system.
they have preserved from time immemorial like
Mahua, Mango, Peepal etc.
(Long Answer Type Questions)
5. In and around Bishnoi villages in Rajasthan, herds
Question 6.
of Black bucks (Chinkara), Nilgai, and Peacocks
Answer any one of the following questions. [1×5=5] are protected from hunting.
(i) What changes did Napoleon introduce to make the (iii) It is very much true that in situations with high risks,
credit might create a problem fo the borrower. For
ruled by him? examples, if a small farmer takes a loan to meet the
(ii) Describe in detail how communities have conserved expenses of cultivation hoping that his harvest would
and protected forest and wildlife in India ? help him to repay the loan. If his crop fails due to
shortage of rain of or for any other reason, he will be
(iii) In situation with high risks credit might create further
unable to repay the loan. In such situations, a small
problems for the borrower, explain.
farmer has to sell a part of his land to repay the loan.
Ans: Such cases have high risks because the repayment
(i) Napoleon introduced the following changes to make the of loan entirely depends on good crop which in
turn depends on good rain, HYV seeds, fertilizers,
ruled by him. pesticides and other factors. This type of loan pushes
the farmer into a debt-trap because of the crop failure
1. He abolished all privileges based on birth,
established equality before law and secured the before and the recovery of loan becames very painful.
right to property.
Question 7.

the feudal system and freed the peasants from Fill the following in the map of India/World using
serfdom and manorial dues. symbols: [5×½=2.5]

3. He removed guild restrictions in the towns. (A) Geography Map of India:

4. He improved transport and communication (a) Jammu-Kashmir
systems.
(b) One area of Black Soil
5. Peasants, artisans, workers and new businessmen,
(c) Tehri Dam
were given freedom.
(d) Beas River
6. He introduced uniform laws, standardised weights
and measures and a common national currency. (e) Population-wise the biggest state of India.
414 | HP Board - X (Solved Papers)

Ans:

(B) History (Show on Map of World:) [½×5=2½]

(a) Sri Lanka (d) Nepal
(b) Brazil (e) Afghanistan
(c) Indian Ocean
Ans:
 Social Science (Term-I), September 2022 | 415

Social Science (Term-I) September 2022

Time Allowed : 3 Hours Maximum Marks : 50

(SERIES–B)

Part-A (Objective Type Questions) (iv) Who gave the status of secular state to India ?
(a) Government (b) Prime Minister
Question 1.
(c) President (d) Constitution
Answer the following questions: [10×1=10]
(v) When did the earthquake occur in Gujarat ?
(i) Which nation relates to the Frankfurt Parliament ?
(ii) When was Gandhi-Irwin Pact done ? (a) 1991 (b) 2001
(iii) When was the First World War started? (c) 2011 (d) 2021
(iv) Name the states having black soil. Ans:
(v) Give the full form of M.N.C. (i) (b) France
(vi) What is meant by Average Income ? (ii) (b) Lahore
(vii) What is the another name of Agriculture Sector ? (iii) (d) Coal
(viii) How many states are there in India ? (iv) (b) Prime Minister
(xi) From which country came the thought of community (v) (b) 2001
government ? Question 3.
(x) Match Column 'A' with Column 'B' correctly: [5×1=5]
Ans: Column 'A' Column 'B'
(i) The Frankfurt Parliament relates to German National (i) Rowlatt Act 1815
Assembly.
(ii) Vienna Treaty 1919
(ii) The Gandhi-Irwin Pact was signed in 1931 A.D.
(iii) In 1992 Earth Conference 97
(iii) The First World War was started in 1914.
(iv) Subjects of Federal list Odisha
(iv) The states having black soil are Gujarat, Maharashtra,
(v) In 1999 Cyclone state Brazil
Madhya Pradesh.
Ans:
(v) The full from of M.N.C. is Multi National Corporations.
Column 'A' Column 'B'
(vi) Average Income or per capita income is the ratio of
(i) Rowlatt Act 1919
the total national income and total population.
(ii) Vienna Treaty 1815
(vii) Another name for agriculture sector is Primary sector.
(iii) In 1992 Earth Conference Brazil
(viii) There are 28 states in India.
(iv) Subjects of Federal list 97
(ix) The thought of community government came foward
in Belgium. (v) In 1999 Cyclone state Odisha
(x) Part-B (Subjective Type Questions)
(Very Short Answer Type Questions)
Question 2.
Answer the following questions: [5×1=5] Question 4.
(i) Marianne was the allegory of which country ? Answer any four of the following questions: [4×2=8]
(a) Germany (b) France (i) What is meant by the idea of Satyagraha ?
(ii) What is water scarcity ?
(c) Italy (d) Sri Lanka
(iii)
(ii) Where was the session of Indian National Congress of
resources.
1929 held ?
(iv) What is meant by Average Income ?
(a) Lucknow (b) Lahore
(v) What do you understand by democracy ?
(c) Calcutta (d) Bombay (vi)
(iii) Which of the following is a form of fossil-fuel ? Ans:
(a) Gold (b) Iron-ore (i)
(c) Lime stone (d) Coal against imperialism used by Gandhiji. Gandhiji
416 | HP Board - X (Solved Papers)

adopted this method in his struggle against the racist (Short Answer Type Questions)
regime in South Africa and the British Empire in India.
It laid stress on the power of truth and the need to Question 5.
search for truth. It suggested that if the cause was true, Answer any four of the following questions. [4×3=12]
if the struggle was against injustice, one was bound to
succeed in the end without resorting to violent means. (i) Write a note on Dandi March.
Without being aggressive, a satyagrahi could appeal to (ii) What are the biotic resources? Give example.
the conscience of the oppressor. People including the (iii) What is the sustainable development? Write its two
oppressors had to be persuaded to see the truth, instead principles.
of being faced to accept the truth through the use of
violence. By this struggle, truth was bound to win in (iv) Why is the issue of sustainability important for
the end. Picketing was one of the ways of Gandhiji's development ?
Satyagraha. (v) What is Federalism? Write its two characteristics.
(ii) Despite abundant water, many areas have shortage of Ans:
water. This is called scarcity of water. In Rajasthan,
(i) Dandi March is a very important event in the history
women have to travel long distances to get drinking
of Indian National Movement. The Civil Disobedience
water after balancing Matkas.
Movement began with what is known as Dandi March.
According to Falken Mark a Swedish Expert water
Gandhiji along with 78 of his followers, started from
scarcity occurs when water availability is less than
his ashram at Sabarmati on a march to Dandi situated
1000m3 per person per day.
on the sea-coast on foot and broke the law by making
(iii)
salt.
Renewable Non-renewable
Resources Resources (ii) Biotic resources: The living resources are called
biotic resources. These are obtained from Biosphere.
1. These can be 1. These cannot be
regenerated after renewed easily.
some time (iii) Sustainable economic development means that
development should take place without damaging the
2. These do not get 2. These get exhausted
exhausted easily after use. environment and development in the present should not
compromise with the needs of the future generation.
3. Examples: Water, 3. Examples: Minerals, Two principles of sustainable development are:
forests, animals, mineral fuels like
hydropower. coal, gas, petroleum. 1. Respect and care for all forms of life.
(iv) 2. Improve the quality of human life.
as the income that is earned by per person in a given (iv) Sustainable development means that development at
area for a period of time. Average income is the total present should not compromise on the needs of the
income of the country divided by its total population. future generation and it should take place without
(v) Democracy is a form of government in which the damaging the environment. However, since the second
people are supposed govern. In it, the representatives half of the twentieth century, a number of scientists,
of the people, who are supposed to represent the masses economists, philosophers and other social scientists,
and speak on their behalf, are elected by the voters on have been warning that the present type and levels, of
the basis of universal adult franchise. It believes in development has emerged from rapid industrialisation
such concepts as liberty, equality and fraternity, which of the world in the past century. It is realised that
are its functional bases. The basic idea of it is that economic growth and industrialisation have led to
there should be social economic and political equality. reckess exploitaion of natural resources. On the other
Everyone, in a democracy, should have the freedom hand, natural resources are limited in stock. Thus, the
of expression and association within the framework of growth of all countries of the world in future is likely
the Constitution. There should be maximum scope for to be endangered if the limited resources are completely
individual and collective development of society and exhausted. Under these situations, the issue of
personality. sustainability has become important for development.
(vi) (v) Federalism is a type of government in which one
1. To preserve life central government is there for the country and
2. To prevent the victim's condition from worsening.
3. To promote recovery system Central government is either more powerful
 Social Science (Term-I), September 2022 | 417

than states or states have equal powers vis-a-vis central measures and practices after wonds became a model for
government . the rest of Germany.
Two characteristics of federalism: (ii) The following are the factors of environmental
1. Power is distributed among the legislature, executive degradation:
and judiciary.
mining or surface mining leads to degradation.
levels of government. Mining leads to abandomment of site or
settlements, roads, factories, which all lead to
depletion of vegetation.
(Long Answer Type Questions)
2. Mineral processing like grinding of limestone,
Question 6. quarriying and crushing of stones raise dust in
Answer any one of the following questions. [1×5=5] atmosphere, leading to environment degradation.
(i)
(ii) List a few examples of environment degradation that
wastes cause environment degradation.
you may have observed around you.
(iii) Compare the advantages and disadvantages of
multipurpose river projects.
cause pollution of various types.
Ans:
(iii) Many river valley projects have been started for the
(i) The German people did not exist as a united nation. In 1848
purpose of integrated economic or social development.
speaking states into a nation-state under a democratic Advantages of multipurpose projects:
Constitution. Men and women of the liberal middle 1. Dams are built for irrigation.
classes combined their demands for the constitutionalism 2. They generate electricity.
3. They provide water supply.
growing popular unrest to push their demands for the
creation of a nation-state on parliamentary principles, 4. They help in industrial development.
a constitution, freedom of the press and freedom of
6. They help in recreation and navigation.
German confederation into a nation-state governed by
an elected parliament. However, this liberal initiative to
nation-building was repressed by the combined forces Disadvantages of multipurpose projects:
of the monarchy and the military, supported by the large
landowners (called Junkers) of Prussia, from then on
Prussia took on the leadership of the movement of national
sedimentation at the bottom of the reservoirs.
the architect of this process. He carried out it with the help 3. It results in poorer habitats for aquatic life in the
of Prvssian army and bureaucracy. Three wars over seven rivers.
years with Austria, Denmark and France were fought, 4. They submerge the existing vegetation and lead to
which ended with Prussian victory and completed the soil decomposition.
5. It also causes a large scale displacement of local
king, William-I, was proclaimed the German emperor in communities.
a ceremony held at Versailles.
Question 7.
On January 1871 A.D. an assembly comprising the
Fill the following in the map of India/World using
princes of the German states, representatives of the army,
symbols: [5×½=2.5]
important Prussian ministers including the Chief Minister
Otto Van Bismarck gathered in the Hall of Mirrors in the (A) Geography (Show on Map of India)
Palace of Versailles to proclaim the new German Empire (a) Yamuna River
headed by Kaiser William I of Prussia.
(b) Shimla
The nation building process in Germany had demonstrated
(c) Bay of Bengal
the dominance of Prussian state power. The new state
placed a strong emphasis on modernising the currency, (d) Wheat producing state (one)
banking, legal and judicial systems in Germany. Prussian (e) Area of Alluvial Soil (one)
418 | HP Board - X (Solved Papers)

Ans:

(B) History (Show on Map of World) [5×½=2.5]

Ans:
 Social Science (Term-I), September 2022 | 419

Social Science (Term-I) September 2022

Time Allowed : 3 Hours Maximum Marks : 50

(SERIES–C)

Part-A (Objective Type Questions) Ans:

(i) (b) Napoleon
Question 1. (ii) (c) 1919
Answer the following questions: [10×1=10] (iii) (d) Rice
(i) Germania was the allegory of which nation ? (iv) (c) Tertiary sector
(ii) When was Paris Peace Treaty done ? (v) (a) Tamil Nadu
(iii) Where did Jallianwala Bagh massacre happen ? Question 3. [5×1=5]
(iv) When was the Indian Wild Life Act passed ? Match Column 'A' with Column 'B' correctly:
(v) Resources are of how many types ? Column 'A' Column 'B'
(vi) Give the full form of U.N.O. (i) The French Revolution 1980
(vii) Which thing is the medium of exchange ? (ii) First Round Table 1789
(viii) Conference
(ix) How many levels of power sharing are in Indian (iii) Establishment of B.J.P. 1930
context? (iv) Fossil Fuel 1942
(x) What is the literal meaning of Tsunami in Japan ? (v)
Ans:
Ans:
(i) Germania was the allegoy of the German nation.
Column 'A' Column 'B'
(ii) Paris Peace treaty was signed in 1974 A.D.
(i) French Revolution 1789
(iii) Jallianwala Bagh massacre took place at Amritsar on (ii) First Round Table Conference 1930
10th April 1919 A.D.
(iii) Establishment of B.J.P. 1980
(iv) The Indian Wildlife Act was passed in 1972. (iv) Fossil fuel Coal
(v) Resources are of two types, Natural and Human (v)
resources.
(vi) U.N.O.–United Nations Organisation. Part-B (Subjective Type Questions)
(vii) Money is the medium of exchange. (Very Short Answer Type Questions)
(viii)
Question 4.
(ix) There are two levels of power sharing in India divided
by our Constitution i.e. state government and central Answer any four of the following questions: [4×2=8]
government. (i) Write a short note on the Simon Commission.
(x) The literal meaning of Tsunami in Japan is `Tsu' (ii) Name three states having black soil and the crops which
is mainly grown in it.
meaning `harbour' and `nami' meaning `waves'.
Question 2. (iii)
Answer the following questions: [5×1=5] (iv) What do you mean by NREGA-2005 ?
(i) The Civil code of conduct in 1804 was brought by: (v) What do you mean by Community Government ?
(vi)
(a) Bismark (b) Napoleon
Team.
(c) Germania (d) Marianne Ans:
(ii) When was the Rowlatt Act passed ? (i) The Simon Commission was constituted by the Tory
(a) 1915 (b) 1917 Government in Britain, under Sir John Simon. The
(c) 1919 (d) 1929 objective of the commission was to look into the
(iii) Which one of the following crop is Kharif ? functioning of the constitutional system in India and
suggest some constitutional changes. But nationalists in
(a) Wheat (b) Gram India opposed the commission because it did not have
(c) Barley (d) Rice a single Indian member. Therefore, when the Simon
(iv) Banking, communication etc. activities are examples Commission arrived in India in 1928, it was greeted
of which sector ? with the slogan `Go Back Simon.' All parties, including
(a) Primary (b) Secondary Congress and the Muslim leogue, participated in the
demonstrations.
(c) Tertiary (d) All of the above
(ii) Three states having black soils are Maharashtra,
(v) Kumbakonam Agnikand happened in which state? Madhya Pradesh and Andhra Pradesh. This soil is
(a) Tamil Nadu (b) Madhya Pradesh most suitable for cotton cultivation and is also known
(c) Punjab (d) Rajasthan as cotton soil.
420 | HP Board - X (Solved Papers)

(iii) Biotic resources–The living resources are called biotic replenishment is very slow. We must consume mineral
resources. These are obtained from Biosphere, such as resaurces for human existence and for the use by future
generations.
Abiotic Resources–Non-living resorces are called (iii) About 3/4th of earth's surface is covered with water.
abiotic resources. For example rocks and metals. But fresh water is a small proportion of it. It is obtained
(iv) National Rural Employment Guarantee Act 2005 from the following sources:
(NREGA) is a social scheme to enhance the livelihood
security of the people in rural areas by generating (b) Ground water
wage employment through works that develop the (c) Precipitation
infrastructure base of that area. The choice of work This water is contiually being renewed and recharged
suggested addresses the causes of chronic poverty like through the Hydrological cycle. All water within a
drought, deforestation, and soil erosion under NREGA Hydrological cycle makes water a renewable resource.
2005. All those who are able to and are in need of
(iv) Democracy is better than dictatorship because :
work have been guaranteed 100 days of employment
in a year by the government. If the government 1. It gives equality to all citizens that all the citizen
fails in its duty to provide employment, it will give are equal in the country.
unemployment allowance to the people. 2. It upholds the dignity of the individual and gives
(v) The idea of community government came forward respect to dignity of every individual.
in Belgium where many lingustic groups are living. 3. It improves the quality of decision making
Community Government is the government elected by because deliberate discussion takes place before
the people of one linuistic community and it has many taking any decision.
powers related to many issues like cultural, linguistic,
educational, etc. This government works collectively various social groups due to social diversity.
for the cause of common people without giving much 5. It allows enough space to correct mistakes.
emphasis to any group or without undermining any (v)
group. secondary sectors. These are activities that help in the
(vi) Search and rescue is a technical activity rendered by an development of the primary and secondary sectors.
individual or a group of a specially trained personnel. These activities, by themselves, do not produce any
The objective of search and rescue team is to rescue good but they are an aid or a support for the production
and attend to the casualities under adverse conditions, process. For example, goods that are produced in
where life is under threat. the primary or secondary sector would need to be
transported by trucks or trains and then sold in
(Short Answer Type Questions) wholesale and retail shops, banks and communication
are some main examples of tertiary sector. Since the
Question 5. activities of tertiary sector generate services rather then
Answer any four of the following questions: [4×3=12] goods, the tertiary sector is also known as service sector
(i) What is meant by the Bretton Woods Agreement ? which includes essential services that does not directly
(ii) Why do we need to conserve mineral resources ? help in the production of goods. Doctors, engineers,
(iii) Explain how water becomes a renewable resource ? teachers lawyers, chartered accountants etc. come in
(iv) Democracy is better than dictatorship. How ? this categary. Internet cafe, ATM booths, call centers
(v) etc. have also become important in the tertiary sector
Explain with example. now-a-days.
Ans:
(i) The Bretton Woods Agreement was signed between the (Long Answer Type Questions)
world powers in July 1944 AD. at Mount Washington Question 6.
Hotel situated in Bretton Woods in New Hampshire,
Answer any one of the following questions: [1×5=5]
USA. The main aim of this agreement was to preserve
(i)
economic stability and full employment in the
modern democracy? Also give example of each of
industrial world. Its framework was agreed upon at the
these.
United Nations Monetary and Financial conference.
This conference established the International Monetary (ii) How did the First World War help in the growth of the
Fund (IMF) to deal with external surpluses and national movement in India ?
(iii) What steps should be taken to control soil erosion in
Reconstruction and development (the World Bank) was the hilly areas? Explain it with example.
Ans:
(i) There are certain forms of power sharing in modern
A.D. democracies. Actually there is no single form in all the
(ii) democracies which can be given about power sharing.
We are using these resources at a fast rate. These
will not last long. Mineral formation and their rate of each other from the point of view of their structures,
 Social Science (Term-I), September 2022 | 421

objectives, results etc. Some of these forms are given (ii) The First World War helped in the growth of the national
below: movement in India in the ways given ahead:
1. Power is shared among different organs of 1. As a result of the First World War, several ruling
government, and these organs are the legislature, dynasties were destroyed. The Romanov dynasty
executive and judiciary. Legislature is an organ in Russia, the Hohenzellen in Germany and the
of the government which makes laws for the Habsburg in Austria-Hungary were overthrown.
country. Executive is that organ which executes The Ottoman Empire was fast advancing to its
or implements the decisions of legislature and end. It helped in arousing the people of India.
judiciary is that organ of the government which 2. The allied propaganda during the war to defend
uses these laws. It means that judiciary uses democracy and self determination had created
those laws, to give punishment to law breakers, nationalist feelings in the residents of the colonies.
which are implemented by executive and which 3.
are made by legislature. It is so because power is of India marked a turning point in the history of
National Movement. With the advent of Mahatma
that no organ should be able to execute its powers Gandhi, the moderates, the extremists and the
on others. Example: Powers in our country are revolutionaries were all united. Mahatma Gandhi
divided between government, bureaucracy and adopted new methods of resistance based on
courts by our constitution. satya and ahimsa. He introduced spinning wheel's
2. the gospel of Hindu-Muslim unity and use of
levels. It means that in federal system of Swadeshi cloth. These methods drew the general
government, there is one Central government public into the National Movement.
which has the power to execute decisions on 4. The war had given rise to many social and
the whole country and there are provincial economic problems. The Montague Chelmsford
governments for provinces of the country. This Reforms of 1919 A.D. could not satisfy the
is known as federal division of powers . In the aspirations of the Indians. There arose a general
same way, this principle is also extended to lower discontent in the Indian masses against the British
levels of governments which are lower than the rule.
states governments. This is also known as vertical 5. The emergence of the Soviet Union and its
division of power. Example: In India, powers are declaration to support, the struggle for national
divided among central and state governments and independence contributed to the growth of
these are divided by our Constitution. struggle for freedom.
3. Third form of power sharing is that power is (iii) Following steps can be taken to control soil erosion in
shared among different social groups of the the hilly areas:
country like linguistic groups or and religious 1. Contour ploughing on slopes can be done to check
groups. This method of power sharing is used soil wash on slopes. It is done at right angles to
in many countries to give appropriate share of the hill slopes.
power to minority communities. In Belgium, 2. Terraced cultivation restricts soil erosion. Slopes
"Community government'' is formed to gives
appropriate share of power to all the three major
and minor linguistic groups. Some countries water.
have also made constitutional provisions to kept 3. Strip copping also checks soil erosion. It is a
representation to socially weaker sections of the method of farming which involves cultivating a
society.
Example : Community government of Belguim in crop rotation system.
is an example of this type of power sharing. 4.
4. Fourth and last form of power sharing is that the beds. In some areas, the original vegetaion cover
has been removed such as in Shiwalic hills. In
and pressure groups. In the multiparty system,
each party contests the election to obtain the to hold the soil. Advance of desert can be checked
power of the country and each party is free to by planting trees along the margins of deserts.
get as many votes as it can. Any party can win Question 7.
majority in the election. There is a trend these Fill the following in the map of India/World using
days that each election brings a new party to the symbols: [5×½ =2.5]
power. Many parties also come forward to make (A) Geography (Show on Map of India)
a coalition government.
(a) Ganga River
Example: In India, there is a multi-party system
(b) Capital of India
i.e. congress, B.J.P., B.S.P. etc. are various parties
present in the country and each party has a fair (c) Bhakra Dam
chance to contest election and win majority in the (d) One tea producing state
parliament. (e) Area-wise the smallest state of India.
422 | HP Board - X (Solved Papers)

Ans:

(B) History (Show on Map of World) [5×½ =2.5]

(a) China (b) Arabian Sea (c) Japan (d) France (c) England
Ans:
Social Science (Term-II) March 2022
Time Allowed : 3 Hours Maximum Marks : 50

(SERIES–A)
Part-'A' (Objective Type Questions)
Question 1.
(iv)
Answer the following questions: [1×10=10]
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(v)
(iv)

(v)
(vi)

Ans:
(vii)

(viii)
(ix)
(x)
Ans:
(i) Question 3.
Match Column-A with Column-B: [1×5=5]
(ii) Column-A Column-B
(iii)
(i)
(ii)
(iv)
(iii)
(v) (iv)
(v)
(vi) Ans:
Column-A Column-B
(vii)
(i)
(viii)
(ii)
(ix) (iii)
(x) (iv)
(v)
Question 2.
Answer the following questions: [1×5=5] Part-'B' (Subjective Type Questions)
(i) (Very Short Answer Type Questions)
Question 4.
Answer any four of the following questions: [2×4=8]
(ii) (i)

(ii)
(iii)
(iii)
(iv)
424 | HP Board - X (Solved Papers)

(v) Ans:
(i)
(vi)

Ans:
(i)

(ii)
(ii)
(iii)

(iv)

(v)

(vi)
(iii)

(Short Answer Type Questions)

Question 5.
Answer any four of the following questions: [3×4=12] Political parties contest elections :
(i)

(ii)
(iii)

(iv)

(v)

(vi)
 Social Science (Term-II), March 2022 | 425

(vi)

(Long Answer Type Questions)

Question 6.
Answer any one of the following questions: [5×1=5]
(i)

(ii)
(iii)

Ans:
(iv) (i)

Proximity to sources of raw material :

Locational factors :

Power resources :

Means of Transport :

(v)
Climate :
426 | HP Board - X (Solved Papers)

Skilled Labour :

Communist Party of India (CPI) :

(ii)

Nationalist Congress Party (NCP) :

(iii)

Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) :

Indian National Congress (INC) :

Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP) :

Communist Party of India Marxist (CPI-M) :

Question 7.
Fill the following in the Map of India/World using symbols: [½×5=2½]
(A)

ea
 Social Science (Term-II), March 2022 | 427

Ans:

(B) [½×5=2½]

Ans:
428 | HP Board - X (Solved Papers)

Social Science (Term-II) March 2022

Time Allowed : 3 Hours Maximum Marks : 50

(SERIES–B)
Part-'A' (Objective Type Questions) (v)

Question 1.
Answer the following questions: [1×10=10] Ans:
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(vi) Question 3.
Match Column-A with Column-B: [1×5=5]
(vii) Column-A Column-B
(viii) (i)
(xi) (ii)
(x) (iii)
Ans:
(iv)
(i)
(v)
Ans:
(ii)
Column-A Column-B
(iii) (i)
(ii)
(iv) (iii)
(v) (iv)
(vi) (v)
(vii) Part-'B' (Subjective Type Questions)
(viii) (Very Short Answer Type Questions)
(ix) Question 4.
Answer any four of the following questions: [2×4=8]
(x) (i)

(ii)
th

(iii)
Question 2.
(iv)
Answer the following questions: [1×5=5]
(v)
(i)
(vi)

Ans:
(ii)
(i)

(iii)

(iv)
 Social Science (Term-II), March 2022 | 429

Ans:
(i)
(ii)
(ii)

(iii)

(iii)
1. Lack of internal democracy :
(iv)

(v)
2. Dynastic succession :

(vi)

3. Money and muscle power :

(Short Answer Type Questions)

Question 5.
Answer any four of the following questions: [3×4=12]
(i)
(ii)
(iii) 4. Lack of meaningful choice :

(iv)

(v)

(vi)
430 | HP Board - X (Solved Papers)

(iv)

(v)

(vi)
Conventional Sources Non-Conventional
of Energy Sources of Energy

(ii)

(iii) Distribution of Coal :

West Bengal :

(Long Answer Type Questions)

Jharkhand and Bihar :
Question 6.
Answer any one of the following questions: [1×5=5]
(i)

(ii)

(iii)

Ans:
(i)

(b) Tertiary Coal fields :

 Social Science (Term-II), March 2022 | 431

Question 7.
Fill the following in the Map of India/World using
symbols: [½×5=2½]
(A)

Ans:

(B) [½×5=2½]

Ans:
432 | HP Board - X (Solved Papers)

Social Science (Term-II) March 2022

Time Allowed : 3 Hours Maximum Marks : 50

(SERIES–C)

Part-'A' (Objective Type Questions) (iii)

Question 1.
Answer the following questions: [1×10=10]
(i)
(iv)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(vi)
(v)
(vii)
(viii)
(ix)
Ans:
(x)

Ans:
(i)
(ii)

Question 3. [1×5=5]
(iii)
Match Column-A with Column-B:
Column-A Column-B
(iv)
(i)
(v)
(ii)
(vi)
(iii)

(vii) (iv)

(viii) (v)

(ix) Ans:

(x) Column-A Column-B

(i)
Question 2. (ii)
Answer the following questions: [1×5=5] (iii)
(i) (iv)
(v)

Part-'B' (Subjective Type Questions)

(Very Short Answer Type Questions)
(ii)
Question 4.
Answer any four of the following questions: [2×4=8]
(i)
(ii)
(iii) (vi)
(iv)
(v)
(Short Answer Type Questions)
(vi) Question 5.
Ans: Answer any four of the following questions: [3×4=12]
(i)
(i)

(ii)

(iii)
(iv)
(v)

(vi)
(ii)
Ans:
(i)

(ii)

(iii)
It is based on public opinion :
(iii)

Responsible government :
(iv)

(v)

(iv)

(v)

(a) NIC :
434 | HP Board - X (Solved Papers)

3. Land Pollution :

(b) BSNL :
4. Noise Pollution :
st

(vi) Ferrous Minerals Non-Ferrous Minerals

5. Thermal Pollution :

(ii)

(Long Answer Type Questions)

Question 6.
Answer any one of the following questions: [5×1=5]
(i)
(ii)

(iii)
Ans:
(i)

1. Air pollution :

(iii)

Question 7.
Fill the following in the Map of India/World using
2. Water Pollution : symbols: [½×5 =2½]
(A)
 Social Science (Term-II), March 2022 | 435

Ans:

(B) [½×5 =2½]

Ans:
Social Science (Term-I) December 2021
Time Allowed : 3 Hours Maximum Marks : 50

(SERIES–A)

Part-A (Objective Type Questions) (iv) Which of these is the Part of government?
(a) Legislature (b) Executive
Question 1. (c) Judiciary (d) All of these
Answer the following questions: [10×1=10] (v) Which area of the following is most active in Tsunami?
(i) Who was the founder of ‘Young Italy’ Society?
(ii) Name the Act which was passed by Imperial Legislative
Council in the year 1919 A.D.
Ans:
(iii) Name the crop which is known as ‘Golden Fiber’.
(i) (b) Lahore
(iv) When the Indian Wild Life Act was passed?
(v) What was the time period of economic Great (ii) (a) National Assembly
Depression? (iii) (d) gram
(vi) Who make laws on the Subjects of State List? (iv) (d) All of these
(vii) Who led Civil Rights Movements in the U.S.A.?
(viii) What was the Literacy rate of India in the year 2011? Question 3.
(xi) What is the main cause of occurrence of Tsunami? Match the Column-A with Column-B: [5×1=5]
(x) Which are the three main sectors of Indian economy? Column-A Column-B
Ans: (i) Khilafat Movement 2004
(i) Giuseppe Mazzini was the founder of ‘Young Italy’ (ii) National Rural Employment
society. Guarantee Act (NREGA) 1973
(ii) The act passed by Imperial Legislative Council in the (iii) First Round Table Conference 2005
year 1919 A.D. was Rowlatt Act. (iv) Project-Tiger 1921
(iii) Jute is known as ‘Golden Fiber’. (v)
(iv) The Indian wild life act was passed in 1972 A.D. Ans:
(v) The time period of economic great depression was Column-A Column-B
1929-1933. (i) Khilafat Movement 1921
(vi) State government makes laws on the subjects of state
(ii) National Rural Employment
lists.
Guarantee Act (NREGA) 2005
(vii) Civil rights movement in the U.S.A. was led by Martin
(iii) First Round Table Conference 1930
Luther king Jr. in 1964.
(viii) The literacy rate of India in the year 2011 was 74%. (iv) Project-Tiger 1973
(xi) The main cause if Tsunami is submarine earthquakes. (v)
(x) Three main sectors of Indian Economy are:
Part-B (Subjective Type Questions)
(1) Primary sector
(2) Secondary sector Very Short Answer Type Questions
(3) Tertiary sector Question 4.
Question 2. Answer any four of the following questions: [4×2=8]
Answer the following question: [5×1=5] (i) Write a short note on Dandi March.
(i) Where the session of Indian National Congress of 1929 (ii) What are resources? State any two characteristics of
was held? resources.
(a) Lucknow (b) Lahore (iii)
(c) Amritsar (d) Bombay agriculture
(ii) Who took charge of France after the French Revolution? (iv) What is Federalism?
(a) National Assembly (b) Napoleon (v)
(c) Louis XVI (d) Estate General (vi) Why Primary Sector is called Primary?
(iii) Which one of the following is a Rabi Crop? Ans:
(a) Rice (b) Millets (i) Dandi march is a very important event in the history
(c) Cotton (d) Gram of Indian National Movement. The civil disobedience
 Social Science, December (Term-I) 2021 | 437

Movement began with what is called Dandi March. (iv) Point out one feature in practice of federalism in India
Gandhiji along with 78 of his followers started from
his ashram at Sabarmati on a march to Dandi on the that of Belgium.
sea-coast on foot and broke the law by making salt. (v) Expain the objectives of National Rural Employment
(ii) All the useful elements of environment which satisfy Guarantee Act (NREGA).
human needs are called resources. Two characteristics Ans:
of resources: (i) The French revolutionaries took the following steps to
1. These are free gifts of nature and useful elements of create a sense of collective identity among the French
environment. people:
2. These are technologically accesible. 1. They made popular the ideas of the fatherland
(iii) The impact of globalisation on Indian agriculture has among the citizens. These ideals laid stress on
been felt since colonial times. Raw cotton and spices the nation of a united community enjoying equal
were important export items from India. In 1917, rights under a constitution.
Indian farmers revolted in Champaran against being
forced to grow indigo in place of foodgrains, in order replace the former royal standard.
3. The Estates General was elected by the body of
Thus, globalisation has had its boons and bones for
active citizens and it was renamed as the National
Indian agriculture.
Assmebly.
Post liberalisation, Indian farmers face new challenges
4. New hymus were composed, oaths taken and
in the form of competition from highly subsidised
martyrs commemorated all in the name of the
agriculture of developed nations. This prompts the
Nation.
need for making Indian agriculture sucessful and
5. A centralised administrative system was put in
place and it formulated uniform laws for all the
marginal farmers, developing and promoting organic
citizens within its territary.
Revolution. 6 Internal customs duties and dues were abolished
(iv) Federalism is a type of government in which one and a uniform system of weights and measures
was adopted.
provincial governments are there. In this system central 7. Regional dialects were discouraged and French,
government is either more powerful than states or states as it was spoken and written in Paris, became the
have equal powers vis-a-vis central government. common language of the Nation.
(v) Detecting Tsunamis: (ii) Silk routes were the main cultural links between distant
1. With the use of satellite technology it is possible to parts of the world:
provide nearly immediate, warning of potentially 1. The name silk route tells the importance of west
tsunamigenic earthquakes. bound chinese silk cargoes along this route.
2. Tsunami detectors, linked to land by submarine
cables are deplayed 50 odd kms out at sea. our land and by sea, joining East regions of Asia
‘Tsunameters’ transmit warnings through buoys with Europe and Northern Africa. They existed
on the sea surfaces which relay it to satellites. even before Christian era remained till 15th Century.
(vi) Primary sector is called primary because it forms the 3. These routes were very important because chinese
base for all other products that we subsequently make. pottery, Indian textiles and spices were sent to
Since most of the natural products we get are from European countries. In return procious metals i.e.,

called agriculture and related sector. 4. They were also important for cultural exchange of

(Short Answer Type Questions) muslim preachers and Buddhist monks travelled
the silk to spread their respective religions in
Question 5. various regions of Asia.
Answer any four of the following questions: [4×3=12] (iii) Subsistence (Farming) agriculture is a farming in which
(i) What steps did the French revolutionaries take to crops are raised for personal consumption, whereas
create a Sense of Collective Identity among the French commercial agriculture is a farming in which crops are
people? grown for the purpose of trade. Subsistence farming is
(ii) What were ‘silk routes’? How they were important? labor intensive whereas commercial farming is capital
(iii) Distinguish between Subsitence agriculture and intensive subsistence farming is practiced in small area
Commercial agriculture. and commercial agriculture needs larger area.
438 | HP Board - X (Solved Papers)

In subsistence agriculture farmers graw crops such dropout girls because they like to spend their
as food grains, fruits and vegetables. In Commercial money on boy’s education, that is why girls are
agriculture farmer grow cash crop and cereals. discriminated on the grounds of education.
(iv) Feature in the practice of Federalism in India that is 2. Less pay for same work: Highly paid women
similar to that of Belgium. There is power sharing are very less in our society as compared to males.
between the union government and state government.
Feature in the practice of federalism in India that is she is given less wages than males because her
work is not given much importance
government in practice, while Belgium has one. 3. Wish to have male child: In most parts of the
(v) The objective of the NREGA is to enhance the country people like to have a male child because
livelihood security of the people in rural areas by they think that son is necessary to bring next
generating wage employment through works that generation in the world. That is why they prefer
develop the infrastructure base of that areas. The to abort girl-child. This is the reason why sex ratio
choice of work suggested addresses the causes of in India is declining. So this is another reason of
chronic poverty like drought deforestation, and soil discrimination against women.
erosion, Under NREGA 2005 all those who are able 4. Exploitation of women: Women in India are
to and are in need of work have been guaranteed 100 exploited a lot. A number of crimes course
days of employment in a year by the government. If harrassment to women. Dowry deaths, rapes,
the government fails its duty to provide employment, abusing, beating, conjugal violence etc. are
it will give unemployment allownces to the people. examples of crimes against women.
In this way we can say that women are being exploited
Long Answer Type Questions and discriminated to a great extent in the male
Question 6. dominated society of India.
Answer any one of the following questions: [1×5=5] (ii) Yes, the classification of economic activities into
(i) primary, secondary and tertiary is useful. The reasons
are discriminated or they are in weaker position in
India.
(ii) jobs. They go to farms, factories, hospitals,
into Primary, Secondary and Tertiary is useful? Explain
how? types of activities. Their main objective is to earn
(iii) Write an essay on good practices towards conserving money. All that activities which earn money are
forest and wildlife.
Ans:
important. This helps to understand their nature
(i) India is basically a male dominated society where
and importance.
A male dominated society is that society in which 2. Economic condition of any country is evident
males are of utmost importance and females are of no

of the house and male used to go out of the house to example in developing country like India, most

between the work done by males and female But in the other hand in developed country like USA
modern times, this situation is changing and women most of the people are employed in secondary
are coming out of their houses to do some work. They and tertiary sectors.
are getting education, doing jobs, living life according
to their wish. useful for the government to take steps so that
However, if we look at the situation of majority of more and more people are employed in non
women in India, then they are discriminated by males agricultural sectors particularly tertiary sector
on certain grounds which are given below: because this sector helps in the progress of the
1. Less education: Females are given less education primary and secondary sectors.
as compared to males. Literacy rate of India is (iii) Conservation of wildlife and forest has become
73% out of which 86% males are educated and essential due to declining number of these. It preserves
65% females are educated. Very few females are our ecological diversity and our life support system.
going for higher studies. School results of girls Some good practices adopted to conserve forest and
are better than boys but their parents usually wildlife are.
 Social Science, December (Term-I) 2021 | 439

1. The famous chipko movement in the Himalayas has resisted deforestation.

3. New methods of ecological forming are now widespread.

4. Farmers and citizens groups like Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Novdanya have helped traditional conservation.
5. Joint Forest Management (JFM) involves local communities in conservation of forests.
6. Timber forests are protected.
7. Many development activities which are environment friendly are being adopted.
Question 7.
Fill the following in the Map of India/World using symbols: [5×½=2½]
(A) Geography (Show on Map of India)
(a) Narmada and Tapti Rivers (b) Arabian Sea (c) Bhakra Dam
(d) Jammu and Kashmir (e) Coal Producing State
Ans:

(B) History (Show on Map of World:) [5×½=2½]

(a) Germany
(b) China
(c) Bangladesh
(d) Bhutan

Ans:
440 | HP Board - X (Solved Papers)

Social Science (Term-I) December 2021

Time Allowed : 3 Hours Maximum Marks : 50

(SERIES–B)

Part-A (Objective Type Questions) (v) What is the meaning of word ‘Tsunami’ in Japanese?
(a) Tidal wave (b) Harbour wave
Question 1. (c) Killer wave (d) Century wave
Answer the following questions: [10×1=10] Ans:
(i) Marrianna was the allegory of which nation?
(ii) Name any two movements which were started by (ii) (a) Simon Commission
Mahatma Gandhi before 1919.
(iii) (d) Coal
(iii)
(iv) (c) Three
(iv) Name any two renewable resources.
(v) (b) Harbour wave.
(v) How many union territories are there in India?
Question 3.
(vi) How many subjects are there in union list?
Match the Column-A with Column-B: [5×1=5]
(vii) State the full form of G.D.P.
Column-A Column-B
(viii) What is the another name of Service Sector?
(i) First World War Tigers
(xi) In which season Kharif crops are grown?
(ii) Rinderpest 1942
(x)
(iii) Sunderban Jharkhand
Ans:
(iv) Corbett National Park 1914
(i) Marrianna was the allegory of France.
(v) Quit India movement A cattle plague
(ii) The Champaran Movement in 1917 was the first
Satyagraha movement inspired by Gandhi and The Ans:
kheda movement of 1918 was started in the district of Column-A Column-B
Gujarat by Mahatma Gandhi. (i) First World War 1914
(ii) Rinderpest A cattle plague
(iv) Two renewable resources : Water and forests. (iii) Sunderban Jharkhand ?
(v) There are 8 union territories in India. (West Bengal)
(vi) There are 61 subjects in union list. (iv) Corbett National Park Tiger
(vii) GDP : Gross Domestic Product. (v) Quit India movement 1942
(viii) The service sector is also known as tertiary sector.
(xi) Kharif crops are grown with the beginning of monsoon Part-B (Subjective Type Questions)
(June to September).
Very Short Answer Type Questions
Question 4.
Question 2. Answer any four of the following questions: [4×2=8]
Answer the following question: [5×1=5] (i) Why did the Indian Leaders oppose Rowlatt act?
(i) (ii) What is meant by Globalisation?
Germany?
(iii) What are biotic and abiotic resources? Give some
(a) Kaiser William-I (b) Czar Nocolas examples.
(iv)
(ii) Which commission was sent by British government in the Indian economy.
1928 to review the reforms of 1919?
(v) What do you mean by Community Government?
(a) Simon Commission (b) Mountbatten Commission
(vi) Workers are exploited in the unorganised sectors. Do
(c) Rowlatt Commission (d) Attlle Commission
you agree with this view? Give reasons in support of
(iii) Which of the following is a form of fossil fuel? your answer.
(a) Gold (b) Iron ore Ans:
(c) Limestone (d) Coal
(i) The British Government in India passed the Rowlatt
(iv) How many lists of subjects are given in Indian Act in 1919 to check the tide of nationalism in India.
Constitution? The Indian leaders opposed the act tooth and nail
(a) one (b) two because this act authorised the British Government to
(c) three (d) four imprison anybody without any trial.
 Social Science, December (Term-I) 2021 | 441

(ii) Globalisation is the process in which domestic commission. It caused great resentment among
the people.
the world economy by interaction and interdependence. 2. The Nehru report was published. It was the
(iii) Refer to H.P. Board Paper, September 2022,
Term-I, Series-B, Answer 5 (ii) constitution. The government did not accept it
and this showed to respect to the sentiments of
India’s exports and imports nearly halved the people.
between 1928 and 1934. 3. In anti-Simon Commission agitation, the
2. Wheat prices of India fell by 50 percent between demonstrators were brutally assaulted. Lala
1928 and 1934. Lajpat Rai had a fatal injury. This created a feeling
(v) Refer to H.P. Board Paper, September 2022, of anti-British rule in India.
Term-I, Series-C, Answer 4 (vi) 4. There was successful peasant movement in
Bardoli. This inspired Gandhiji to launch a serious
sought after. But the employment opportunities in the agitation against the government.
organised sector have been expanding very slowly. It is 5. In 1929 two important events-Meerut and Lahore
conspiracy cases aroused popular resentment
in the unorganised sector. They adapt such strategies against the British Government.
to evade taxes and refuse to fallow laws that protect 6. In 1929 the congress had declared complete
laboures. As a result, a large number of workers are Independence as its aim in the Lahore Session.
forced to enter the same. In the unorganised sector th
January 1930 Independence Day was
workers land up in low paid jobs; they are after celebrated all over the country. Because of
exploited and not paid a fair wage. Their earnings these reasons, Gandhiji decided to start the civil
are law and not regular. Besides getting the irregular Disobedience Movement.
and law paid work, these workers also face social (iii) Steps taken to control soil erosion in the hilly areas:
discrimination. 1. Contour ploughing on stapes.
2. Terraced cultivation restricts erosion.
Short Answer Type Questions 3. Strip cropping checks soil erosion.
Question 5. 4. Planting of trees to form shelter belts.
Answer any four of the following questions: [4×3=12] (iv) There are certain forms of power sharing in modern
(i) democracies. Actually there is no single form in all the
(ii) Discuss some reasons of launching Civil Disobedience decmocricies which can be given about power sharing.
movement by the Indian National Congress.
each other from the point of view of their structures,
(iii) What steps should be taken to control soil erosion in
objectives results etc. Some of these forms are given
the hilly areas?
below:
(iv)
1. Power is shared among different organs of
modern democracies? Give an example of each of
government, and these organs are Legislature,
these.
Executive and Judiciary. Legislature is an organ
(v) Distinguish between open unemployment and
of the government which makes laws for the
disguised unemployment.
country. Executive is that organ which executes
(vi) State three characteristics of a Tsunami. or implements the decisions of legislature and
Ans: judiciary is that organ of the government which
(i) Refer to H.P. Board Paper, September 2022, uses those laws. It means that judiciary uses
Term-I, Series-B, Answer 6 (i) those laws, to give punishment to laws breakers,
which are implemented by executive and which
there was bull in the political scene for a short period. are made by legislature. It is so because power is
Soon the congress adopted the slogan of complete
Independence. A mighty movement was launched that no organ should be able to execute its power
to achieve it. This movement is known as the Civil on others.
Disobedience Movement. Example: Powers in our country are divided
Following were the reasons of launching Civil among government, bureaucracy and courts by
Disobedience movement by a the Indian National out constitution.
Congress: 2. Power is shared ‘among governments at
1. In 1828 the Simon Commission visited India.
The Indians boycatted this commission. The of government there is one central government
commission published its report despite the which has the power to execute decisions on
protest from the Indians. The nationalist leaders
were not happy on the recommendations of the
442 | HP Board - X (Solved Papers)

of the country. This is known as federal division (ii) Describe the measures taken by the government to
of powers. In the same way this principle is also ensure growth in agriculture.
extended to lower levels of governments which (iii)
are lower than the state governments. This is also you may have observed around you.
known as vertical division of power. Ans:
Example: In India powers are divided among
(i) Refer to H.P. Board Paper, September 2022,
central government and state governments and
Term-I, Series-C, Answer 6 (ii)
these are divided by our constitution.
3. Third form of power sharing is that power is (ii) Agriculture is the main occupation of people of India.
shared among different social groups of the Agriculture is the source of living for about 60% of
country like linguistic groups and religious its working population. Agriculture is the basis of
groups. This method of power sharing is used Indian economy. Despite its dominant role, agriculture
in many countries to give proper share of earlier was not able to provide the basic needs of
power to minority communities. The Belgium,
‘community government’ is formed to give proper grains requirements of the country During recent years
share of power to all the three major and minor
lignuistie groups. Some countries, have also made increase the agricultural productivity in India.
constitutional provisions to kept representation to 1. Intensive agriculture: methods of intensive
socially weaker sections of the society. cultivation have been used in net sown areas
Example: Community government of Belgium under fertile soils. In irrigated areas, intensity
is an example of this type of power sharing. of crops has been increased, and more than one
4. Fourth and last form of power sharing is that crops in a year are obtained.
2. Dry farming: Indian agriculture is rain fed. In
parties and pressure groups. In the multiparty many areas, the rainfall is scanty and there are
system, each party contests the elections to grab inadequate means of irrigation. In such areas, dry
the power of the country and each party is free farming methods are used to preserve the moisture.
to get as many votes as it can. Any party can win 3. Use of High yielding varieties: New varieties
majority in the election. There is a trend these of foodgrains and other crops are used. These
days that each election brings new party to the varieties are high yielding varieties. It has led to
power. Many parties also come forward to make the increase in yield per lectare of wheat, rice etc.
a coalition government. 4. Green revolution: A new technique known
Example: In India there is a multiparty system as Green Revolution has led to rapid increase
like congress, B.J.P., B.S.P., etc and every each in agricultural production. It includes the use
has a fair chance to contest election and win of better seeds, fertilizers and mechanised
majority in the parliament. agriculture.
(v) Refer to H.P. Board Paper, September 2022, 5. M echani sed Ag ricul ture: M echan ised
Term-I, Series-A, Answer 5 (iv) agriculture has replaced old primitive methods.
(vi) Characteristics of Tsunami: Many institutions provide help to the farmers to
Refer to H.P. Board Paper, March 2023, Term-II, purchase machines and implements.
Series-B, Answer 5 (iv) 6. Crop rotation: A system of crop rotation has
1. Sometimes a Tsunami causes the water near the been used to maintain the fertility of the soils

nature’s Tsunami warning and should be headed.

2. The force of some Tsunamis is enormous. Large 7. Irrigation: Methods of irrigation are being
rocks werighing several tons along with boats extensively used to provide a regular supply of
and other debries can be moved inland several water with the help of irrigation cultivation of rice
netures by Tsunami wave activity. Homes and has been extended to North west part of India.
High yields are being obtained in irrigated area.
materials and water move with great force and
(iii) The following are the factors of environmental
can will of injure people.
degradation.
3. Tsunami can occur at any time of day or nignt.
1. Mining:
surface mining leads to degradation. Mining
Long Answer Type Questions leads to abandonment of site or settlements roads,
Question 6. factories which all lead to depletion of vegetation.
Answer any one of the following questions: [1×5=5] 2. Mineral Processing: Like grinding of limestone
(i) quarying and crushing of stones raise dust in
national movement in India? atmosphere leading the environment degradation.
 Social Science, December (Term-I) 2021 | 443

3. Land fills: Industries dump many non- (B) History (Show on Map of World)
deagradable toxic or radioactive wastes in land (a) Afghanistan
(b) England
4.
(c) Japan
pollution of various types. (d) Nepal
5. Air pollution: Smoke from industries and veicles (e) Sri Lanka
pollutes our environment badly, air pollution also
Ans:
includes solids and liquids such as dust, odorous
substances, smoke sprays etc.
Question 7.
Fill the following in the Map of India/World using
symbols: [5×½=2½]
(A) Geography (Show on Map of India)
(a) Eastern Ghat and Western Ghat
(b) Yamuna River
(c) Bay of Bengal
(d) Area of black soil
(e) Tea producing states
Ans:

Social Science (Term-I) December 2021

Time Allowed : 3 Hours Maximum Marks : 50

(SERIES–C)
Part-A (Objective Type Questions) (xi) What is SAFE?
(x) Name the crop for which black soil is best suited.
Question 1. Ans:
Answer the following questions: [10×1=10] (i) Second world war started in 1939.
(i) When Second World War was started? (ii) Vienna peace Treaty happend in 1815.
(ii) When did the Vienna Peace Treaty happen? (iii) Swaraj Party was founded by Mr. CR Das and Mr.
(iii) Who was the founder of Swaraj Party? Motilal Nehru.
(iv) How much area of India is covered with forests? (iv) India is covered with 24.39% of forests.
(v)
(vi) Average income is the total income of the country
(vi) What is meant by Average Income?
divided by its total population.
(vii) In which sector workers do not produce goods?
(vii) In tertiary sector workers do not produce goods.
(viii) Name the list in which both union govt. and State govt.
(viii) Concurrent list is one in which both centre government
can make laws.
and state government can make laws.
444 | HP Board - X (Solved Papers)

(xi) SAFE is program run by the Karnataka Fire department. (v) State two preparatory measures each in Pre and Post
Tsunami Scenario.
safety. (vi) What do you mean by resources conservation? Write
(x) Black soil is best suited to cotton cultivation. its two objectives.
Question 2. Ans:
Answer the following question: [5×1=5] (i) Refer to H.P. Board Paper, September 2022,
(i) When Columbus discovered America? Term-I, Series-C, Answer 5 (i)
th April 1919, a large crowd gathered in the
(a) 1492 (b) 1498
enclosed ground of Jallianwala Bagh—some to protest
(c) 1495 (d) 1496
against the British governments’s repressive measures,
(ii) Which Viceroy, in 1931 Persuaded Mahatama Gandhi others to attend the annual Baishakhi fair. These people
to stop Civil Disobedience Movement and take part in were unaware of the inposition of Marshal law in the
Second Round Table Conference? city. General Dyer, the commander, blocked the exist
(a) Lord Irwin (b) Lord Mountbatten
(c) Lord Attlle (d) Lord Curzon citizens. Dyer’s intention was to produce a ‘Moral
(iii) In which state of the following black soil is found?
(a) Jammu and Kashmir (b) Rajasthan people including women and children were killed and
(c) Gujarat (d) Jharkhand
soldiers, which ultimately led to nation-wide otutrage.
(iv) Primary sector includes.
Jallianwala Bagh incident was the most brutal incident
(a) Agriculture (b) Services in the History of India.
(c) Industries (d) Minerals (iii) Rice is the staple crop of people of India. Rice is grown
(v) Where was the largest Tsunami recorded is history? in:
(a) India (b) Philippines (a) Plains of the Ganga and Brahmaputra.
(c) Chile (d) Japan (b) Coastral plains on the east.
Ans: (c) Western coastal plains.
(i) (a) 1492 (d) Deltas of the east coast.
(ii) (a) Lord Irwin
(iii) (c) Gujarat birth. We belong to our community because we are
(iv) (a) Agriculture born into it, we don’t choose it. But all kinds of social
(v) (d) Japan
Question 2.
Match the Column-A with Column-B: some people are atheists. They don’t believe in God
Column-A Column-B or any religion while some people choose to follow
(i) International Monetary Fund (IMF) Coal are also based on what we study, which occupation
(ii) Fossil Fuel 1932 A.D. we take up or we belong to which state or part of the
(iii) Poona Pact Vinoba Bhave country. Rich, poor, religion caste etc. such things lead
(iv) Bhoodan Movement 1942 A.D.
(v) (v) Pre Tsunami Scenario:
Ans: (1) Find out if your home, school workplace or other
Column-A Column-B frequently visited locations are in Tsunami hazard
(i) International Monetary Fund (IMF) 1947 A.D. prone area.
(ii) Fossil Fuel Coal (2) Knows the height of your street above sea level
(iii) Poona Pact 1932 A.D. and the distance of your street from the coast or
other high-risk waters.
(iv) Bhoodan Movement Vinoba Bhave
(v) 2 A.D. Past Tsunami scenario:
(1) Continue using a radio of television station for
updated emergency information. The Tsunami
Part-B (Subjective Type Questions) may have damaged roads, bridges or other places
Very Short Answer Type Questions that may be unsafe.

Question 4. necessary before helping injured or trapped

Answer any four of the following questions: [4×2=8] persons. If someone needs to be rescued call
(i) What is meant by the Bretton Woods Agreement? professionals with the right equipment to help.
(ii) Write a short note on the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre. (vi) Conservation of resources means their protection and
(iii) Name one Staple Crop of India and the regions where proper care: Its two main objectives are:
it is produced. (1) To save the available resources from getting
(iv) exhausted so that they can be preserved to meet
the needs of the coming generations.
 Social Science, December (Term-I) 2021 | 445

(2) To protect the environment from being polluted so (2) Stay out of building if water remains around it.
that the existence of life an earth is not threatened.

Short Answer Type Questions crack, or walls to collapse.

(3) When re-entering building or homes, use extreme
Question 5.
Answer any four of the following questions: [4×3=12] damaged buildings where you least expect it.
(i) What changes did Napoleon introduced to make the Carefully watch every step you take.
(vi) Soil erosion on is the destruction and removal of top
ruled by him? soil by running water, wind etc.
(ii) What was ‘Corn Law’? Why British government passed Three causes of soil erosion:
this law?
(iii) What is Sustainable development? Write its three
principles. increases.
(iv) What is the main criterion used by the World Bank in (2) Winds and storms (dust storms) blow away soil

of this criterion, if any? (3) Deforestalcon is one of the main cause of soil
(v) Mention three essential precautions to be taken during erosion. Reckless cutting of trees exposes the area
a Tsunami. to soil erosion. Human misuse of the land through
(vi) wrong farming practices, deforestation etc. leads
Ans: to the removal of soil cover.
(i) Refer to H.P. Board Paper, September 2022,
Term-I, Series-A, Answer 6 (i) Long Answer Type Questions
(ii) The population of Britain increased rapidly in the last
decades of the eighteenth century. This growth led to the Question 6.
expansion of cities and industries As a result, agricultural Answer any one of the following questions: [1×5=5]
land began to decline. But due to the increase in (i) Describe the appropriate geographical conditions
population the demand for food grains started increasing required for the cultivation of rice.
and agricultural products started getting expensive (ii) What are the main features of Federalism government?
(iii) The workers in an unorganised sector need protection
pressure on the government to stop the import of maize.
The law on the basis of which the import was banned on the following issues—Wages, Safety and Health.
was called ‘Corn Law’. Corn law worsened the situation Explain with examples.
in the country. Disturbed by the high prices of food Ans:
items, the industrialists and the general public forced (i) Geographical conditions of growth of cultivation of
the government to abolish this law. Rice.
(iii) Sustainable economic development means that Rice is the staple food crop of India. Rice is a tropical
development should take place without damaging the plant. It thrives well in hot and humid climate. It
environment and development in the present should not is essentially a Kharif crop in India. It requires
compromise on the needs of the future generations. temperature of 25°C and a rainfall of 100 cms and
Three principles: above.
(1) To take proper care of all forms of life. Due to high temperature, 3 crops of rice (Aman, Aus,
(2) To increase the quality of human life. Boro) are grown in West Bengal. Rice is grown in river
(3) Minimizing the depletion of natural resources. valleys, deltas and coastal plain. Rice needs plenty of
(iv) Per capita income is the main criterion used by the heat, water, allunium, plenty of labour to produce plenty
of rice for plenty of people.
Development Report 2006, brought out by the World
Rice is sown by drilling method, broadcasting method
Bank, this criterion is used in classifying countries.
and transplantation method. Rice is grown in:
Coutries with per capita income of Rs. 4,53,000 per
annum and above in 2004 are called rich countries and (1) Eastern coastal plain including West Bengal,
those with per capita income of Rs 37,000 or less are
called low-income countries. Hence per capital income (2) Western Coastal strip.
is useful for comparison, but it does not tell us how (3) Gangas plain including Punjab, Haryana, UP,
this income is distributed among people. It is a serious Bihar.
limitation of this criterion.
(4) North Eastern Hilly states of India.
(v) Three essential precautions to be taken during a
(5) Terai region
Tsunami:
(1) Use the telephone only for emergency calls. (6) Deltas on the East coast.
Telephone lines are frequently overwhelmed in India is the second largest producer of rice in the world
disaster situations. They need to be cleared for producing about 17% of the total production. India has
emergency calls to get through. the largest areas under rice in the world.
446 | HP Board - X (Solved Papers)

not hygienic. As a result of it they oftenly remain

with a central authority in it. Central Government in
it is either more powerful or it has equal powers vis- Thus protection and support to the unorganised sector
a-vis state government. But by looking at the Indian workers is necessary on the issues like wages, safety
system of government we can say that India has a and health for both economic and social development.
federal system of government whose features are Question 7.
given below: Fill the following in the Map of India/World using
(1) Written and Rigid Constitution: In a federal symbols: [5×½=2½]
form of government, constitution is made rigid to (A) Geography
divide the powers between the central government Show on Map of India:
and state governments so that neither of them may
(a) Delhi
make any amendment in the constitution by itself
alone for its our interest. (b) Hirakud Dam
(2) Supremacy of the constitution: In a federal (c) Ganga River
government, the constitution is supreme. If a (d) Area wise the biggest State of India
government makes any law which is contrary to (e) Plateau of Malwa
the provisions of the constitution then it can be Ans:
declared unconstitutional by judicial system.
(3) Independent Judiciary: In federal states,
judiciary is independent. The main functions
of the judiciary are to interpret the laws and
safeguard the constitution. The judiciary settles
the disputes between the centre and the state
government.
(4) Bicameral Legislature: In a federal form of
government the legislature must be bicameral.

has the representations of the people.

(5) Division of powers: In a federal type of
government powers are clearly divided among
central government, and state governments so
that no dispute should occur in them.
So after looking at these features we can say that India
has a federal type of government.
(iii) The workers in an unorganised sector need protection
on the issues like wages, safety and health. for example (B) History
small and scattered units of unorganised sector are Show on Map of World:
largely outside the control of the government. There (a) France (d) Russia
are rules and regulations but these are not followed. (b) Brazil (e) Australia
Jobs here are low paid and often not regular. There is (c) Bhutan
no provision for overtime, paid leave, holidays, leave Ans:
due to sickness etc. Employment is not secure. People
can be asked to leave without any reason. A lot also
depends on the whim of the employer.
(1) Wages: Wages are not proper in the unorganised
sector workers are not paid any allowances like
deathness allowance or compensotory allowance.
They are not paid for extra time. They do not get
paid leave or holiday.
(2) Safety: No safety measures are taken in the
unorganised sector for the production of the
workers. This results in injuries or death of
laboures in the factories in case of any accident.
(3) Health: Workers are not paid any medical
facilities in the unorganised sector when they fell
ill or get injured, they get themselves treated by
the private doctors. Working conditions are also
Social Science March 2020
Time Allowed : 3 Hours Maximum Marks : 85

(SERIES–A)

Objective Type Questions Answer :

There are 29 states in India.
Question 1. Question 9.
Name the book written by Phan Boi Chau. [1] What is literacy rate in India ? [1]
Answer : Answer :
The book written by Phan Boi Chau is ‘The History of Literacy rate in India is 74.04%.
the Loss of Vietnam’. Question 10.
Question 2. What is the motto of NSS? [1]
Who invented the first printing press? [1] Answer :
Answer : The motto of NSS is ‘Not me but You’.
Gutenberg invented the first printing press. Question 11.
Question 3. What is cyclone ? [1]
When did Gandhiji come back to India from South Answer :
Africa ? [1] A cyclone is an area of low pressure.
Answer : Question 12.
Gandhiji came back to India from South Africa in 1915. What is SAFE ? [1]
Question 4. Answer :
Name three gifts of nature. [1] SAFE is a program run by the Karnataka Fire
department where students are given fire-related
Answer :
training.
Three gifts of nature are land, air and water.
Question 5. Very Short Answer Type Questions
Name two social movements against big dams. [1]
Answer : Question 13.
Two social movements against big dams are : Wood block print only came to Europe after 1295. Give
reasons. [2]
(i) Narmada Bachao Andolan
Answer :
(ii) Tehri Dam Andolan
Marco Polo, an Italian explorer stayed several years in
Question 6.
China which had the technology of woodblock printing.
When is the World Consumer Rights Day celebrated ? In 1295 A.D. he returned to Italy with the knowledge of
[1] woodblock printing. Italians began producing books
Answer : with woodblock and soon the technology spread to
World Consumer Rights Day is celebrated on 15 th other parts of Europe where before this manuscripts
March. were written by scribes all over Europe.
Question 7. Question 14.
Development of a country can generally be determined Why people in India were outraged by the Rowlatt
by : [1] Act ? [2]
(a) its per capita income Answer :
(b) its average literacy level Refer to H.P. Board Paper, September 2022, Term-I,
(c) health status of its people Series-A, Answer 4 (i)
(d) all the above. Question 15.
Answer : What is meant by the Bretton Woods Agreement ? [2]
(d) all the above. Answer :
Question 8. Refer to H.P. Board Paper, September 2022, Term-I,
How many states are there in India ? [1] Series-C, Answer 5 (i)
448 | HP Board - X (Solved Papers)

Question 16. what a labourer earned in a week. After 1740 A.D.

State any two merits of road transport. [2] circulating libraries were introduced. Technological
Answer : improvements in printing brought down the price of
Two merits of road transport are : novels and innovations in marketing led to expand
(i) It provides door to door services at low cost. sales. In France, publishers began to hire out novels by
(ii) Construction cost of roads is less comparative to the hour. All these measures helped the poorer people
other modes of transport. to read novels.
Question 17. Question 23.
What is manufacturing ? [2] Why did women workers in Britain attack Spinning
Answer : Jenney Machines ? [3]
The processing of raw materials into useful products is Answer :
called manufacturing. It converts primary products into The widespread unemployment in Europe during
secondary products. Valuable goods are manufactured the periods of economic slumps like the 1830s, the
on a large scale such as sugar from sugarcane. proportion of unemployment went up between 35 and
Question 18. 75 percent in different regions. So, when the Spinning
How many species of fauna are found in India ? [2] Jenny was introduced in the woollen industry in
Answer : Britain, workers opposed it. By turning one single
There are about 81,000 species of fauna are found in wheel a worker could set in motion a number of
India few to name are Cheetah, Pink headed Duck, spindles and spin several threads at the same time.
Mountain quail. It reduced labour demand. Due to the fear that they
Question 19. would be deprived of their jobs, women workers in
What is currency ? [2] Britain who survived on the hand spinning, attacked
Answer : the Spinning Jenny.
Refer to H.P. Board Paper, September 2022, Term-I, Question 24.
Series-A, Answer 4 (iv) What is the significance of the border roads ? [3]
Question 20. Answer :
What are the goals of First Aid ? [2] The border roads are metal road links along the
Answer : frontiers of our countries. These roads are of strategic
Refer to H.P. Board Paper, September 2022, Term-I, importance. It is easy and accessible to reach these
Series-B, Answer 4 (vi) areas. They have improved accessibility in areas of
Question 21. difficult terrain mainly in northern and north-eastern
Why should the alternative communication systems border areas. They have played a major role in the
be installed ? [2] economic development of these areas. It strengthens
our defence preparedness.
Answer :
Question 25.
During any major disaster or emergency situation the
communication links are totally disrupted. Therefore Compare the advantages and disadvantages of
it is crucially important to have completely functional multipurpose river projects. [3]
communication links among government authorities as Answer :
well as the communication at various levels to provide Refer to H.P. Board Paper, September 2022, Term-I,
adequate assistance to the affected population. Series-B, Answer 6 (iii)
Question 26.
Short Answer Type Questions Distinguish between open unemployment and
disguised unemployment. [3]
Question 22. Answer :
After 1740, the readership of novels begin to include Refer to H.P. Board Paper, September 2022, Term-I,
poorer people. Explain. [3] Series-A, Answer 5 (iv)
Answer : Question 27.
Novels remained out of the reach of the poorer people What are the reasons that the banks might not lend to
before 1740 A.D. as they were very costly. Only certain borrowers ? [3]
rich people could afford to buy a novel like Henry Answer :
Fielding’s ‘Tom Jones’ (1749) was issued in six volumes Banks need proper documentation and reasonable
priced at three shillings. This was much more than collateral to provide any kind of loan. Certain
 Social Science, March 2020 | 449

borrowers may not have necessary documentation During Tsunami

and reasonable collateral because their collateral may (i) Practice your evacuation routes During Tsunami
already have been mortgaged or they may be a tenant scenario.
on the land or may be very poor. In all these situations (ii) Have disaster supplies on hand.
their chances of getting loans from the banks are very Post Tsunami Scenario
less. Thus the banks might not be willing to lend to (i) Continue using a radio or television station for
those borrowers who have no collateral and those who updated emergency information. The tsunami may
have no repaying capacity. have damaged roads, bridges or other places that may
Question 28. not be safe.
What is the status of women’s representation in India’s (ii) Check yourself for injuries and get first aid if
necessary before helping injured or trapped persons.
legislative bodies ? [3]
If someone heads to be rescued call professionals with
Answer : the right equipment to help.
This is a well known fact that the participation of
women in India’s legeslative bodies is very less. In every Long Answer Type Questions
election the share of women’s winning percentage
in Parliament never exceed than 10%. But their Question 31. [5]
representation in states assemblies is as low as 5%. In
Explain land use pattern in India. Why has the land
the whole sphere of the world. India is at the bottom
under forest not increased much since 1960-61 ?
of the list in women’s representation in legislative
assemblies. Even if female heads the government then Or
cabinet is dominated by males. How do industries pollute the environment ? [5]
Question 29. Answer :
What is political party ? [3] Land is a very important natural resource. We live on
Answer : it and do many economic activities. Land is used in
According to Burke, “A political party is a body of various ways.
men united for the purpose of promoting by their joint
Land use pattern in India : Total area of India is 32.8
endeavours the Public Interest upon some principal on
lakh km2 and according to available data 93% of total
which they are all agreed.”
area is being used. The land here used in mainly in
MacIver said, “A political party is an association
four ways.
organised in support of some principle or Policy which
by constitutional means it endeavours to make the (i) Agriculture : About 51 percent of the total area of
determinant of the government.” India is agricultural land. 46 percent of the land in the
A political party is a group of people who have the country is under net sown area. 1 percent of the area
same ideology and who come closer to each other so belongs to the cultivation of the fruits. 8 percent is a
that they could contest the elections and win over the fallow land which refers to the marginal land which
majority to make the government. All the members of is being left blank to increase fertility. Now fertility is
a political party agree on some policies for the welfare reduced as a percentage of fallow land due to use of
of society. fertilisers of the fallow land is added to the net sown
Every political party has its own ideology on different area, then 54% of the country and field will come to the
issues and has own policies to resolve those issues. All area sown. There is a large variation in net sown area
the political parties work for the interest of general in different states of the country. There is a fallow land
mouses. in Pubjab and Haryana. More than 50% of the area is
Question 30. a net sown area. Opposite of this the net sown area of
State two preparedness measures each in pre, during Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram, Andaman Nicobar and
and post tsunami scenario. [3] Manipur is than 10%.
Answer : (ii) Grassland : The area of pastures in our country
Pre Tsunami Scenario is very small. It is only 4 percent of the total land,
(i) Find out if your home, school, workplace or other Nevertheless, most animals are reared here in the
frequently visited locations are in Tsunami hazard world. They are often grown as straw and fodder
prone areas. crops. Pests are also gazed in some areas which are
(ii) Know the height of your street above see level and under forest cover.
the distance of your street from the coast or other high (iii) Forests : About 22 percent of the land in our country
risk waters. is forest. For self-reliant economy and ecological
450 | HP Board - X (Solved Papers)

balance, 33 percent of the country area is required to and is painful. This has a bad effect on the hearing
be under forests. Therefore, the scientifically the forest power of man. If the noise continues to increase at this
area of our country is very less. pace, then it is possible that humans may not become
(iv) Industry, Trade, Transport and Human Housing : deaf for a few decades.
The remaining land of the country is either barren or (v) Thermal Pollution : Hot water from factories and
is being used for industry, trade transport and human thermal houses is usually left in the rivers and ponds
housing. But due to increasing population and high without cooling. This causes thermal pollution in the
standard of living the demand for land of human water.
housing is increasing continuously. As a result, there Question 32.
is a continuous lack of land for other activities.
Why is the issue of sustainability important for
It is thus clear that land use in India is not balanced.
development ? [5]
Therefore, need to balance the various uses of land.
Or
(v) Less increase in the land under forest : The main
reason for not being able to increase more in the forest How does liberalisation of trade and investment
land in India is the increase in our population. Forests policies help the globalisation process ?
are harvested for human habitation. Forests are also Answer :
wiped out to obtain arable land, so that food can be Refer to H.P. Board Paper, September 2022, Term-I,
collected for the growing population. Series-B, Answer 5 (iv)
Or Or
Industries have played an important role in the Globalisation means integrating our economy with
economic development of India. Along with this the world economy. In this process we become
industries have increased the balance of environment economically interdependent at the global or
by increasing industrial pollution. Industries produce international level globalisation takes place at various
many types of pollution, air pollution, water pollution, levels. This facilitates those who have capital to establish
land pollution, noise pollution and thermal pollution. enterprises in India, produce goods for sale within the
country or export them. Liberalisation means reducing
(i) Air pollution : Smoke emanating from industries
government interference in economic activities and
pollute water and air in a big way. Air pollution is
encouraging privatisation. Liberalisation of trade and
often caused by an increase in gases such as carbon investment policies has facilitated globalisation by
monoxide and sulfur dioxide in the atmosphere. Air removing barriers to trade and investment. WTO has
pollution also includes solids and liquids such as dust, pressure on developing countries to liberalise trade
smelling substances, smokes, sprays etc. Air pollution and investment policies, at the international level. The
adversely affects human health, animals, plants and result of liberalisation has been greater integration
environment. Even inanimate substances are affected of production and markets across countries. Besides
by air pollution. MNCs are playing major role in the globalisation
(ii) Water Pollution : There are many factors that process. With liberalisation of trade, businessman are
contaminate water. The main factors of water pollution allowed to make decisions freely about what they wish
to import or export.
are industrial waste materials which are discharged
into rivers. These substances are both organic and Activities of many MNCs involve substantial trade
inorganic. Among these coal, paint, soap, germicides, in goods and services. Therefore, larger foreign
fertilizers, plastics and rubber are main. The principal investment and larger foreign trade have led to greater
integration of production and markets across countries
factories, producing effluents of various kinds are
as a result of it, more and more countries are coming
textiles, petroleum leather, tanning, refining and
into closer contacts with each other due to MNCs.
electroplating.
Thus, liberalisation of trade and investment policies
(iii) Soil Pollution : Some industries exclude waste has helped the globalisation process.
materials that contain toxic metals perticles. These
particles pollute the soil. Very Long Answer Type Questions
(iv) Noise Pollution : Increasing noise is the main
cause of noise pollution. The root cause of this research Question 33.
is the machines running in factories and the vehicles What steps did the French revolutionaries take to
running at high speed. The sound emanatings from saw create a sense of collective identity among the French
machines and preumatic was unbearable for people [6]
 Social Science, March 2020 | 451

Or wages than men. But with technological developments,

What were the changes in the kind of work available they gradually lost their industrial jobs and were forced
to women in London between the nineteenth and to work at some other places.
twentieth century ? Explain the factors which led to Some of them began to work as maid, servants. Some
this change. [6] other women used their homes to increase family
Answer : income through various activities such as tailoring
washing or matchbox making. However, in the
The political and constitutional changes that came in
twentieth century women got employment in wast
the wake of the French Revolution led to the transfer
time industries and offices because most of male
of sovereignty from the monarchy to a body of the citizens wire lighting at the front. Now they gave up
French citizens. The revolution proclaimed that it was their domestic.
the people who would henceforth constitute the nation
Reason for the change were :
and shape its destiny. For this French revolutionaries
took the following steps to create a sense of collective Change with the advent of machines : Many women
identity among French people : worked in factories, but as technology improved and
machine arrived women jobs were snuffed out in
(i) They made popular ideas of the fatherland among
factories. They were reduced to domestic chores and
the citizens. These ideas laid stress on the motion of
according to 1861 census, there were about two and a
a united community enjoying equal rights under a
half million domestic servants in London, out of which
constitution.
the number of women was very high. And most of them
(ii) They chase a new French flag, the tricolor to replace had come to the city recently.
the former royal standard.
Work in wartime industries : The situation changed
(iii) The Estates General was elected by the body of once again in the twentieth century, women should
active citizens and it was renamed as the National be able to use wartime industries and work started in
Assembly. offices. The reason for this was that in first world war,
(iv) New hymns were composed, oaths taken and many people were recruited in the army due to lack
martyrs commemorated all in the name of the Nation. of labor. In this way, women left domestic work and
(v) A centralised administrative system was put in started coming out again.
place and it formulated uniform laws for all citizens Question 34.
within its territory. What are the different forms of power sharing in
(vi) Internal custom duties and dues were abolished modern democracy ? Give an example of each of
and a uniform system of weights and measures were these. [6]
adopted.
Or
(vii) Regional dialects were discouraged the French, as
How does democracy constitutes an accountable
it was spoken and written in Paris, became the common
responsive and legitimate government ? [6]
languages of the Nation.
Answer :
Or
Refer to H.P. Board Paper, September 2022, Term-I,
Between the nineteenth and the twentienth century
Series-C, Answer 6 (i)
there took places a numbers of changes in the kind
of work available to women in London. In the late Or
eighteenth and early nineteenth century, women were Refer to H.P. Board Paper, March 2023, Term-II,
employed in large numbers because they were paid low Series-A, Answer 6 (iii)
Question 35.
Fill the following in the map of India/World using the symbols :
(A) Map (Geography)
(A) In India's Map— [3]
(i) Two areas of black soil (ii) Yamuna River (iii) Arabian Sea
(B) Map (History)
(B) In World Map— [3]
(i) Japan (ii) France (iii) Sri Lanka
452 | HP Board - X (Solved Papers)

Answer :
(A) Map (Geography)

(B) Map (History)

 Social Science, March 2020 | 453

Social Science March 2020

Time Allowed : 3 Hours Maximum Marks : 85

(SERIES–B)

Objective Type Questions Answer :

The Indian National Congress (INC) is the oldest
Question 1. political party in India.
When and by whom Hoa-Hao movement started ?[1] Question 10.
Answer : What is a landslide ? [1]
Hoa-Hao movement was started in 1939 by Huynh Answer :
Phu So. Landslide is the rapid movement of rocks down a slope.
Question 2.
Question 11.
When and who discovered Spinning Jenny Machine ?
What is the main cause of Tsunami ? [1]
[1]
Answer :
Answer :
Submarine earthquake is the main cause of Tsunami.
Spinning Jenny Machine was discovered by James
Hargreaves in 1764. Question 12.
Question 3. When was NSS set up in India ? [1]
Who formed Swaraj Party ? [1] Answer :
Answer : NSS was set up in 1950 in India.
Swaraj Party was formed by Chittaranjan Das and
Motilal Nehru. Very Short Answer Type Questions
Question 4. Question 13.
How much percentage of population of India depends Write a short note on the Gutenberg Press. [2]
upon agriculture for livelihood ? [1]
Answer :
Answer :
The Gutenberg Press was the first printing press in
About 65% of population of India depends upon
the world. It was set up by Gutenberg in Germany in
agriculture for livelihood.
1448 A.D.. Poor people could not afford to buy books
Question 5. as they were written by hand and were very costly. But
What type of resources are forests ? [1] the Guttenberg Press made books within the reach of
Answer : all people. The Gutenberg press could print 250 sheets
Forests are renewable resources. on one side per hour. The first book Gutenberg printed
Question 6. was the Bible. About 180 copies were printed and it
When the first declaration of consumer rights was took three years to produce them. By the standards of
[1] times this was fast the production.
Answer : Question 14.
The first declaration of consumer’s rights was made What is meant by the idea of Satyagraha ? [2]
in 1962. Answer :
Question 7. Refer to H.P. Board Paper, September 2022, Term-I,
Production of a commodity, mostly through the natural Series-B, Answer 4 (i)
process, is an activity of .......... sector. [1] Question 15.
(a) Primary (b) Secondary Who were Marianne and Germania ? [2]
(c) Tertiary (d) Information Technology Answer :
Answer : In the 19th Century artists invented female allegories
(a) Primary Marianne and Germania to represent the nation.
Question 8. 1. Marianne : In France, the female allegory was
Name the official language of India. [1] christened Marianne, a popular christian name.
Answer : She underlined the ideas of a people’s nation. Here
The official language of India is English and Hindi. characteristics were drawn from those of liberty and
Question 9. the Republic—the red cap, the tricolor, the cockade.
Name the oldest party of India. [1] Statues of Marianne were erected in public squares to
454 | HP Board - X (Solved Papers)

remind the public of the national symbol of unity and Answer :

to persuade them to identify wit it. Marianne images Before the age of machine industries, silk and cotton
were marked on coins and stamps. goods from India dominated the international market
2. Germania : Germania was the allegory of the German in textile. Coarser cottons were produced in many
nation. In usual representations, she wears a crown countries, but the finer varieties after came from
of oak leaves, as the German oak stands for heroism. India. Armenian and Persian merchants took the
Question 16. goods from Punjab to Afghanistan, eastern Persia and
What are biotic resources ? [2] central Asia. A vibrant sea trade operated through the
Answer : main pre-colonial ports. Surat on the Gujarat coast
connected India to the Gulf and Red Sea ports. But by
Refer to H.P. Board Paper, September 2022, Term-I,
the end of the eighteenth century, the European powers
Series-A, Answer 4 (ii)
gradually gained powers. They first secured a variety
Question 17.
of concessions from local courts and then the monopoly
What is mineral ? [2] rights over trade in India. They began to carry on their
Answer : trade from the ports of Mumbai and Kolkata. This
Mineral is a homogeneous naturally occuring resulted in the decline of the old part of Surat.
substance, with a definable internal structure. Natural Question 23.
chemical compounds uniform in composition and
Social changes in Britain led to increase in women
structure of rock and forms a mineral. Example Iron
ore, bauxite, granite etc. readers. Explain. [3]
Question 18. Answer :
What type of resource is water ? [2] Women got more leisure to read as well as write novels
Answer : during eighteenth century in Britain as the middle
classes became more prosperous. Novels had started
Water is a renewable resource. It covers 3/4th of earth’s
exploring the world of women their emotions and
surface. But fresh water is a small proportion of it. Fresh
identities their experiences and problems. Many novels
water is obtained from sources like surface run-off,
ground water and precipitation. Hydrological cycle were concerned with domestic life based on them about
continuously renews and recharges this water and which women were allowed to speak with authority.
makes it renewable. Such novels drew upon their experience and wrote
Question 19. about family life. There were some other novels written
What is the main source of income of banks ? [2] by women novelists, which dealt with women who
brake established norms of society before adjusting
Answer :
to them. Such stories allowed women readers to
The main source of income for banks is the difference symphatise with rebellious actions. All these led to an
between interest rate charged from borrowers and increase in women readers in Britain,
what is paid to depositors. After keeping a portion of
deposits as reserves, banks lend to people who demand Question 24.
money as loan and bank charges interest from them. What steps should be taken to control soil erosion in
Question 20. the hilly areas ? [3]
Describe any two objectives of a Search and Rescue Answer :
Team. [2] Refer to H.P. Board Paper, September 2022, Term-I,
Answer : Series-C, Answer 6 (iii)
Refer to H.P. Board Paper, September 2022, Term-I, Question 25.
Series-C, Answer 6 (vi)
How are minerals formed in ingeous and metamorphic
Question 21. rocks ? [3]
Name any three means of Communication. [2]
Answer :
Answer : Minerals cracks in igneous and metamorphic rocks,
Three means of communication are Postcard, radio joints or faults in metamorphic rocks. They are as small
and newspaper. deposits veins and get as large deposition layer. They
are usually formed when they are in a liquid or gaseous
Short Answer Type Questions state and are pushed through the cracks towards the
earth. Going towards the earth, they become cold
Question 22. and freeze. Examples are metallic minerals like zinc,
Why had the port of Surat declined by the end of copper, lead, etc. which are found as veins in igneous
eighteenth century ? [3] and metamorphic rocks.
 Social Science, March 2020 | 455

Question 26. which people of few castes cannot touch people of

Analyse the role of credit in development. [3] other caste. If they do then they were given severe
Answer : punishment. Yet constitutional provision has stopped
the practice of untouchability but still this has not been
Credit plays an important role for country's
ended completely.
development. Banks and co-operative societies need
to lend more which would lead to higher incomes as Question 30.
many people could then borrow cheaply for a variety Define the community contingency plan and give two
of different needs. They could grow crops, do business, reasons for the need of a plan. [3]
set up small scale industries etc. They could set up Answer :
new industries or trade in goods. If credit can be made A community plan is a list of activities a neighbourhood,
available to the poor people on terms and conditions community or a group of people agree to follow to prevent
that are appropriate and reasonable these millions of loss of life, livelihoods and property in case of warning
small people with their millions of small pursuits can or a disaster. The plan identifies in advance action to be
add up to create the biggest development wonder. taken by individuals, in the community so that each one
Question 27. is aware to the reasons for the need of a plan.
Service sector in India, employs two different kind of (i) To reduce the safety of the community.
people. Who are these people ? [3] (ii) To increase the ability of the community to deal
Answer : with any disaster.
The service sector in India employs two different
kinds of people. At one end, there are a very large Long Answer Type Questions
number of workers engaged in services such as small
shopkeepers, repair persons, transport persons etc. Question 31.
This type of people hardly manage to earn their both Write an essay on good practices towards conserving
ends meet and yet they perform these services because forest and wildlife. [5]
no alternative opportunities for work are available to Or
them. Therefore, only a part of this sector is growing Why are the means of transportation and communication
importance in providing employment to the people. called the lifelines of a nation and its economy ? [5]
Question 28. Answer :
What are the characteristics of any political party ? [3] Conservation in the background of rapid decline
Answer : in wildlife population and forestry has become
Refer to H.P. Board Paper, March 2023, Term-II, essential we need to conserve our forests and wildlife.
Series-C, Answer 5 (iv) Conservation of wildlife and forest has become essential
due to declining number of these. It preserves our
Question 29.
ecological diversity and our life support system :
State how caste inequalities are still continuing in
(i) The famous Chipko Movement in the Himalayas has
[3]
resisted deforestation.
Answer :
Caste system is a system which is based on the (ii) Afforestation has also helped in conservation.
discrimination against few castes, which is still (iii) New methods of ecological farming are new
continuing in India. widespread.
(i) Endogamy : The meaning of endogamy is to marry (iv) Farmers and citizens groups like Beej Bachao
within one’s own caste or group and not to marry out Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya have helped
of its caste or group. Though it is legally sanctioned to traditional conservation.
do intercaste marriage, but in India people don’t like (v) Joint Forest Management (JFM) involves local
to marry out of their caste. communities in conservation of forests.
(ii) Education : Earlier lower caste groups had no access (vi) Timber forests are protected.
to education and even today they don’t have access to (vii) Many development activities are environment
education or prohibited from acquiring due to which friendly.
they have lagged behind.
Effects of conservation is very helpful as it preserves
(iii) Occupation : People of few caste still are given ecological diversity. It preserves our life support
their hereditary occupations and are not allowed to systems, i.e., water, air and soil. It preserves the genetic
adapt any other occupation which shows us inequality diversity of plants and animals. It helps in better species
on the basis of caste. growth and breeding. Fisheries are heavily dependent
(iv) Untouchability : Untouchability is a concept in on the maintenance of aquatic biodiversity.
456 | HP Board - X (Solved Papers)

Or (v) Right to consumer education : To be conscious of

Refer to H.P. Board Paper, March 2023, Term-II, their rights while purchasing goods or services. For
Series-B, Answer 6 (iii) this, all consumers should read the advertisements
Question 32. brought out by the government under the headline,
What is the main criterion used by the World Bank ‘Jago Grahak Jago’, as they have every informations.
in classifying different categories ? What are the
limitations of this criterion, if any. [1] Very Long Answer Type Questions
Or
Question 33.
Mention some of the rights of consumers and write a
few sentences on each. What changes did Napoleon introduce to make the
Answer : administrative system more efficient in territories ruled
by him ? [6]
For comparing countries their income is considered to
be one of the most important attributes. Countries with Or
higher income are more developed than other with less Why the population of London expanded from the
income. This is based on the understanding that more middle of the eighteenth century ? [6]
income means more of all things that human beings Answer :
need. We compare the average income which is the total Refer to H.P. Board Paper, September 2022, Term-I,
income of the country divided by its total population
also called per capita income. Series-A, Answer 6 (i)
Thus per capita income is the main criterion used by the Or
World Bank in classifying different countries. In world By 1750 A.D. the population of London was about
development Report 2006 brought and by the World 675,000. Between 1810 A.D., and 1880 A.D., it increased
Bank this criterion is used in classifying countries. from 1 million to about 4 million. The reasons for its
Countries with per capita income of ` 4,53,000 per expansion were the following :
annum and above in 2004 are called rich countries and
(i) Employment opportunities : Even though there
those with per capita income of ` 37,000 or less called
low-income countries. Hence, per capita income is were no large factories in London, it attracted many
useful for comparison but it does not tell us how this migrant populations in great numbers. There was
income is distributed among people. no lack of employment in London. People lived in
Limitations London were; clerks, shopkeepers, small masters,
skilled artisans, semi-skilled and sweated out workers,
(i) It covers only the economic aspect ignoring peace,
soldiers, servants casual laboureas, street sellers and
health, environment, education, longevity etc.
biggers.
(ii) The method does not provide us the distribution
of income. (ii) London dock : London dock was very important in
terms of employment. It could employ a large number
Or
of workers.
Consumers is the one who pays a price for a commodity
or services and use it. In organised and systematic (iii) Different industries : Many types of small and big
way consumer awareness was developed in the late industries in London were developed. There were five
1980s and early 1994s with the growing liberalisation major industries :
of economy. For this consumer must know their rights Clothing and footwear, wood and furniture, metals
and must exercise them. and engineering, printing and stationery and precious
The following are the rights of the consumers. products such as surgical instruments, matches and
(i) Right to safety : The consumers have the right to objects of precious metals. These industries employed
be protected against marketing of goods and services, a large number of people.
which are hazardous to life and property. (iv) Large factories : During the First World War (1914-
(ii) Right to choose : Assurance of access to variety of 18) motorcars and power tools were also manufactured
goods and services of competitive prices. The consumer in the London. The number of large factories grew so
can choose the product to be bought and also whether much that three-fourth of the city’s jobs were reduced
or not to buy a product. He cannot be forced to purchase
to these factoreis. The truth is that the city’s life-style,
a product or service not of his choice.
employment attracted people, they left villages and
(iii) Right to information : The consumers have the moved towards cities. As a result the population of
right to know important facts about the product or London started expanding.
service being purchased. This includes quality, quantity,
potency, purity, standard and price of goods. Question 34.
(iv) Rights to be heard : The consumer’s interests State any two significant differences between the
should receive due consideration as appropriate forms local government before and after Constitutional
relating to consumer welfare. amendment in 1992. [6]
 Social Science, March 2020 | 457

Or to all of its citizens and constitution says that there

What are conditions under which democracy handle should be no discrimination with any one on the basis
and harmonize social differences ? of gender, colour, religion, culture, age etc. In this way
Answer : when democracy gives equal rights to all of its citizens
73rd constitutional amendment was passed in 1992. it accommodates social diversity in the country.
Some changes were made in constitution because
In India, different caste groups, OBC’s, weaker sections
local self governments were not working properly.
are given enough representation in every aspect of
The differences between before and after constitutional
amendment in 1992 are : society. They are given reservations in every sphere of
the life. Democracy also ensures that the government
Before 1992 After 1992 should not be made by the majority but it should have
(i) Local self govern- Local self governments the representation of minorities as well. In this way
ments had no powers were given some powers democracy accommodates social deversity as it not
to collect taxes to meet to collect some taxes to only takes care of the interest of majority but it also
their regular needs. meet their needs.
takes care of the interests of weaker sections as well.
(ii) There were no It become mandatory to
There is general tendency of gender discrimination in
regular elections held in hold regular elections in
local self governments local self governments the world. Women are being discriminated in one way
and no reserved seats or the other. But in democracy women and weaker
were for women. 33% at total seats were sections of the society, are given equal rights and rights
reserved for women. to vote so that they can elect their representatives. Even
Or they are given reservation of seats in local bodies. Our
country don’t have its own religion and it never tries
Social diversity generally exists in most of the countries.
to give undue preference to any language. In this way
Every society is diverse in many sense like religion, race,
caste, creed, culture etc. Democracy gives equal rights it accommodates social diversity in the country.
Question 35.
Fill the following in the maps of India/World using the symbols :
(A) Map (Geography)
(A) In map of India :
(i) Rice producing two states (ii) Mahanadi (iii) Indian Ocean [3]
(B) Map (History)
(B) In World's Map :
(i) England (ii) China (iii) Afghanistan [3]
Answer : (A) Map (Geography)
458 | HP Board - X (Solved Papers)

(B) Map (History)

Social Science March 2020

Time Allowed : 3 Hours Maximum Marks : 85

(SERIES–C)
Objective Type Questions (a) Bauxite (b) Mica
(c) Iron-ore (d) Copper
Question 1. Answer :
When and why was Tonkin Free School started ? [1] (b) Mica
Answer : Question 5.
Tonkin Free School was set up in 1907 A.D. as the Name three modes of transport. [1]
French wanted to spread their culture and civilisation Answer :
in Vietnam. Three modes of transport are Roadways, Railways and
Question 2. Airways.
Who was Martin Luther ? [1] Question 6.
Answer : Formal sources of credit does not include : [1]
Martin Luther was a great religious reformer of (a) banks (b) co-operative societies
Germany famous for writing ninety five theses in 1517 (c) employers
A.D. Answer :
Question 3. (c) employers
What is Globalisation ? [1] Question 7.
Answer : Which of the following neighbouring countries has
Globalisation is the process in which domestic economy better position in terms of human development than
of the country is unified or integrated with the world India ? [1]
by interaction and inter-dependence. (a) Bangladesh (b) Sri Lanka
Question 4. (c) Nepal (d) Pakistan
Koderma, in Jharkhand is the leading producer of Answer :
which of the following mineral : [1] (b) Sri Lanka
 Social Science, March 2020 | 459

Question 8. in the periphery of religious institution like church or

What does democracy ensure ? [1] important buildings.
Answer : 2. Cities were of different sizes and complexity. It
Democracy ensures accountability of the government could be a modern day metropolis which combined
which is responsive to the needs of the people, which political and economic functions for an entire region
is accountable to the people and which fulfils the needs or a smaller town.
of the people. Question 16.
Question 9. Name three states having black soil. [2]
Name three levels of Panchayati Raj System. [1] Answer :
Answer : Refer to H.P. Board Paper, September 2022, Term-I,
Three levels of Panchayati Raj System are Gram Sabha, Series-C, Answer 4 (ii)
Block Samiti and Zila Parishad. Question 17.
Question 10. What is water scarcity ? [2]
What is an earthquake ? [1] Answer :
Answer : Refer to H.P. Board Paper, September 2022, Term-I,
The sudden shaking of earth’s crust is called an Series-B, Answer 4 (ii)
earthquake. Question 18.
Question 11. What are basic industries ? [2]
What is the first warning of Tsunami ? [1] Answer :
Answer : Basic industries are called key industries. These supply
The first warning of Tsunami is that the ocean water products or raw materials to manufacture other goods
starts disappearing. such as iron and steel, copper etc.
Question 12. Question 19.
What is ISRO ? [1] Who is consumer ? [2]
Answer : Answer :
ISRO is Indian Space Research Organisation. Consumer is the one who pays a price for a commodity
or service and uses it. Consumer must know their rights
Very Short Answer Type Questions and must exercise them.
Question 20.
Question 13. What are the causes of fainting ? [2]
Write a short note on the Vernacular Press Act. [2] Answer :
Answer : There are many causes of fainting like head injury,
Refer to H.P. Board Paper, March 2023, Term-II, stroke, poisoning, epilepsy, diabetes and conditions
Series-A, Answer 4 (ii) associated with lack of oxygen.
Question 14. Question 21.
Why Gandhiji decided to withdraw the Non-Co- Describe any two objectives of the NCC. [2]
operation Movement ? [2] Answer :
Answer : Two objectives of NCC are :
Ghandhiji started the Non-Cooperation Movement in (i) Developing qualities of character, courage,
1920 A.D. He wanted to carry this movement along comradeship, discipline, leadership, secular out look,
peaceful lines. But in 1922 A.D., some people took to spirit of adventure and sportsmanship and the ideals of
violence and a police post in a village of U.P., Chauri selfless service among the youth to make them useful
Chaura was set on fire along with the policemen on citizens.
duty. There were 22 policemen burnt alive. Gandhiji (ii) Creating a human resource of organised, trained
was greatly pained at this incident and he decided to and activated youth.
withdraw the non-cooperation movement.
Question 15. Short Answer Type Questions
Write down any two characteristics of cities. [2]
Question 22.
Answer :
Explain the meaning of proto-industrialisation. [3]
Two characteristics of cities are :
1. Cities were after centres of political power with Answer :
administrative network trade and industry. In Refer to H.P. Board Paper, March 2023, Term-II,
medical Europe some towns and cities also emerged Series-C, Answer 4 (ii)
460 | HP Board - X (Solved Papers)

Question 23. (iii) To increase the income and employment of people.

Write a short note on the picture of new middle class (iv) Every state/region can develop tourism, regional
which the novel Pariksha Guru portrays. [3] craft, etc. for additional employment.
Answer : Question 27.
Pariksha-Guru was the first proper modern Hindi novel In what ways does the Reserve Bank of India supervise
written by Srinivas Das in 1882 A.D. This novel portrays the functioning of other banks ? [3]
a picture of the inner and outer world of the newly Answer :
emerging middle class. The middle class people are The Reserve Bank of India supervises the functioning
caught in the difficulty of adapting to colonised society of other banks in following ways :
and at the same time preserving their own cultural 1. The RBI supervises that the banks maintain a
identities. The world of colonial modernity seems to minimum cash balance out of the deposite they receive.
be bath frightening and irresistable to them. The novel 2. Secondly, RBI monitors that the banks actually
tries to teach the middle class the right way to live and maintain the cash balance.
expects all sensible men to be worldly wise practical to 3. The RBI sees that the banks give loans just to profit-
remain rooted in the values of their own tradition and making business and traders but also to small cultivators
culture, and to live with dignity and honour. small scale industries and to small borrowers etc.
Question 24. Question 28.
How have human activities affected the depletion of Mention any two Constitutional provisions that make
flora and fauna ? [3] India a secular state. [3]
Answer : Answer :
Many factors have caused the depletion of flora and Secular state is that state which has no religion of its
fauna. Man has caused the ecological imbalance. own and which respects all the religions of the country
Human activities have depleted our forests and in equal terms. Our constitution has given a status of
wildlife. Human activities that causing depletion are : secular state to our country due to diversity of religions
in our country. Constitution has provided many
(i) Expansion of railways, agriculture, commercial and
provisions which reflects secular status given to India.
scientific forestory are the major causes of depletion of
(i) India has not been given any official religion of its
fauna and flora.
own. Many countries like Pakistan, Sri Lanka, England
(ii) Large scale development projects have contributed etc. have their official religion but there is no official
to loss of forests, like on Narmada (Sardar Sarovar religion for the Indian state.
Project) (ii) All the citizens of the country are given the right
(iii) Mining is another factor for deforestation. It has to profess any religion. Citizens can profess, propagate
distributed natural habitats. and practise any religion of their wish. In India, religion
Question 25. is the personal affair of the people and the state does
Where and why is rail transport the most convenient not interfere in that.
means of transportation ? [3] Question 29.
Answer : Democracy is better than dictatorship. How ? [3]
Answer :
Railways are the most convinient means of transportation
in plains. The plains have high population density, rich Refer to H.P. Board Paper, September 2022, Term-I,
agricultural resources and it is easy to construct railway Series-C, Answer 5 (iv)
lines in plains. Question 30.
Question 26. How should the foundation be constructed in soft and
firm soil ? [3]
Explain the objectives of implementing the NREGA
2005. [3] Answer :
In soft soil it will be desirable to use a plinth band in all
Answer :
walls and where necessary to connect the individuals
The main odjectives of implementing the NREGA 2005 column footing and means of plinth beams. Continuous
are : reinforced concrete fooling are considered to be most
(i) NREGA aims to provide employment of 100 days. If effective from earthquake.
it fails to do so, it will give unemployment allowances In firm soil conditions, any type of footing can be used.
to the people. It should have a firm base of time or cement concrete
(ii) The central government made a law implementing with requisite width over which construction of footing
this right to work in 200 districts. may start.
 Social Science, March 2020 | 461

Long Answer Type Questions (iv) Electricity : In India, electricity is produced by

thermal power plants dams on river (hydro-electricity)
Question 31. and nuclear power stations.
Why do you think that solar energy has a bright future Non-conventional sources of energy are also used like
in India ? [5] solar energy, wind energy, biogas energy, geothermal
Or energy etc.
How have technical and economic development led to Possibilities of energy fifty years from now :
more consumption of resources ? Consumption at present is too high and comparison
Answer : to production and reserves. India’s known reserves
of all will last for about 30-40 years only. Import of
Refer to H.P. Board Paper, March 2023, Term-II,
petroleum and its products are putting heavy burden
Series-A, Answer 6 (ii)
on Indian economy. Thus the need is for more use
Or of non-conventional sources of energy such as solar
Resources should be available for development. Due to energy, bio-gas energy, wind energy, tide and wave
absence of technology many resource regions remain energy increases. If steps are taken in these directions
backward. Technology is used to exploit resources in then there may not be any problem even after 50 years
India. The consumption of resources is increasing due from now as India being a tropical country which has
to use of technology and quality of human resources enough scope for production and utilisation of non-
in following ways : conventional energy like solar energy. Total hydro-
(i) Technological development provides sophisticated power potential of India in estimated at 1,50,000 MW
equipments. As a result, production increases ultimately of which only 1/6 has been developed so far. India has
leading to consumption of more resources. also a wind power potential of 20,000 MW. So efforts
(ii) Technological development also leads to economic should be made in these areas of energy.
development. When the economic condition of a Or
country rises, the needs of people also rise. It again Consumer movement in India started because of many
results into more consumption of resources. reasons like rampant food shortage, hoarding, black
(iii) Economic development provides favourable marketing, adulteration of food and edible oil in an
environment for the development of latest technologies. organised form in the 1960s. Consumer organisations were
It helps to make or convert various materials found largely engaged in writing articles and holding exhibitions
around us into resources. Finally it results into the tell the 1970s. They formed the consumer groups to look
consumption of new available resources too. into the malpractices in ration shops and over-crowding
Question 32. in the road passenger transport. India witnessed more
recently an upsurge in the number of consumer groups :
Find out the present sources of energy that are used by
(i) The consumer movement as a ‘social force’ originated
the people in India. What can be the other possibilities
with the necemosity of protecting and promoting the
fifty years from now ? [5]
interests of consumers against unethical and unfair
Or trade practice.
What factors gave birth to the consumer movement in (ii) Because of all these efforts, the movement suceeded
India ? Trace its evolution ? in bringing pressure on business firms as well as
Answer : government to correct business conduct which may be
People in India use coal, pertroleum, natural gas, solar unfair and against the interests of consumers at large.
energy, wind energy and hydel energy. Some of them (iii) A major step taken in 1986 by the Indian gevernment
are exhaustible and some are non-exhaustible. They are was the enactment of the Consumers Protection Act 1980,
also classified into conventional and non-conventional popularly known as COPRA. The consumer movement
sources. The present conventional sources of energy in India has made some progress in terms of numbers of
used by people in India are : organised groups and their activities. It can be effective
(i) Coal : Coal is the main source of energy in India. only with the consumers active involvement.
About 67% requirements of the country are met by Very Long Answer Type Questions
this source.
(ii) Natural Gas : LPG gas is used by the household Question 33.
while CNG gas is used in vehicles. Briefly trace the process of German unification. [6]
(iii) Petroleum : It is very important source of energy Or
in the country with estimated all reserves of around Give two example from history to show the impact of
4,000 million. technology on food availability.
462 | HP Board - X (Solved Papers)

Answer : the leaders always try to give unfair advantage to their

Refer to H.P. Board Paper, September 2022, Term-I, family members. Some examples are Congress, SAD,
Series-B, Answer 6 (i) RJD, DMK etc.

Or (iii) Money and muscle power : Another challenge which

political parties face is the increasing role of money and
Two examples from history to show the impact of muscle power during election times. Parties prefer to
technology on food availability are : nominate that person as their candidate who is either,
(i) Faster railways, lighter wagons and larger ships rich or have sufficient muscle power with. That is why in
helped move food more cheaply and quickly from far some cases , criminal are being given tickets of national
away farms to final markets. For example, till the 1870s, party.
animals were shipped line from America to Europe and (iv) Lack of meaningful choices : Political parties
then slaughtered when they arrived there. generally discuss that problem which the country is
(ii) The refrigerated ships enabled the transport of facing and their policy to resolve that problem. They
perishable foods for long distances. Now the animals were always try to convince the general masses that their
slaughtered in America, Australia or New Zealand and policies are better than the other parties. But most of
then transported to Europe as frozen meat. This reduced the parties agree on the fact that which problems are
the shipping costs and lowered meat prices in Europe. being faced by the country. All the political parties are
same in one way or the other and that is why people
Question 34. don’t have any meaningful choice among them.
What are the various challenges faced by the political Or
parties ? [6]
Federalism is a type of government in which one central
Or government is there for the country and different
Point out one feature in the practice of federalism in provincial governments are there for the states. In this
India that is similar to and one feature that is different system central government is either more powerful
from that of Belgium. [6] than states or states have equal powers vis-a-vis central
government.
Answer :
India’a similar feature to that of Belgium : One similar
Political parties work for democracy so they are important
feature in the Federlism of India and Belgium is that
in any democracy. Political parties are actual face of
both the countries have federations in which two
democracy and very much necessary for democracy but
types of governments are there and out of these two
these days there is a dissatisfaction among the people
governments, central government is more powerful as
regarding the functioning of political parties. They face
compared to state government.
lot of criticism from society. They face various challenges.
India’s Different feature to that of Belgium : Three
(i) Lack of Internal Democracy : Though democracy
types of linguistic groups live in Belgium and three
goes on with the help of political parties but lack of
types of governments are there in the Belgium.
internal democracy within the party is concentrated
First one is the central government, second type is
within the hands of one or two leaders. Ordinary
state government and third type of government is
members are unable to get any information of internal
community government which is elected by people
matters of the party and members are generally
belonging to one language community and which has
dissatisfied the central leadership. powers related to issues like educational, cultural,
(ii) Dynastic succession : Issue of dynastic succession is linguistic etc. India has only two types of governments
biggest challenge within political parties. These parties central and state governments. There is no such
do not have the transparent functioning and that is why community government like Belgium.
Question 35.
Fill the following in the maps of India/World using symbols :
(A) Map (Geography)
(A) In Indian Map : [3]
(i) Eastern Ghat and Western Ghat (ii) Wheat producing two states (iii) Bay of Bengal
(B) Map (History)
(B) In World Map : [3]
(i) Bhutan (ii) London (iii) Pakistan
 Social Science, March 2020 | 463

Answer :
(A) Map (Geography)

(B) Map (History)

Social Science March 2019
Time Allowed : 3 Hours Maximum Marks : 85

(SERIES–A)

Objective Type Questions Question 8.

What are Minerals ? [1]
Question 1. Answer :
Which country Emperor Napoleon belonged to ? [1] Geologists define mineral as a homogeneous, naturally
Answer : occuring substance with a definable internal structure.
Minerals are found in varied forms in nature, ranging
Napoleon belonged to France.
from the hardest diamond to the saftest tale.
Question 2. Question 9.
When was the first World War started ? [1] What is Biodiversity ? [1]
Answer : Answer :
The First World War was started in the year 1914. Biodiversity is the variety of plant and animal life in
Question 3. the world of particular habitat.
What was Corn Law ? [1] Question 10.
Define Per Capita Income. [1]
Answer :
Answer :
The growth of population increased the demand of
food grains in Britain pressurissing government to Per Capita Income is the total income of the country
divided by its total population. It is also called average
restrict the import of corn into the country. This law
income.
came to be known as the corn law.
Question 11.
Question 4.
What is ‘‘Barter system’’ ? [1]
When did the modern form of novel developed in
Answer :
India ? [1]
A Barter system is an old method of exchange. This
Answer : system has been used for centuries and long before
The modern form of novel developed in India in the money was invented. People exchange services and
mid 19th century. The first novels were written in goods for other services and goods in return.
Bengali and Marathi. Question 12.
Question 5. What do you mean by democracy ? [1]
When did Simon Commission arrive in India ? [1] Answer :
Answer : Democracy is a form of government in which the rulers
Simon Commission arrived in India in 1928. are elected by the people. All major decisions are made
by the elected leaders. Free and fair elections should
Question 6.
be held regularly.
Which of the following is the main cause of land
degradation in Punjab : [1]
Very Short Answer Questions
(a) Intensive cultivation (b) Over Irrigation
(c) Deforestation (d) Over grazing Question 13.
Answer : Explain why only one third of the students of Vietnam
(b) over irrigation. would pass the school leaving examination ? [2]

Question 7. Answer :

What do you mean by ‘‘Means of Transport’’ ? [1] Only one-third of the students in Vietnam would pass
the school-leaving examinations because the french
Answer : colonial administration followed a deliberate policy
Modes of transporting of goods and services and of failing students in their final year examinations so
people from one place to another over three important that they could not qualify for better-paid jobs. Only
domains of our earth i.e., land, water and air is known the wealthy Vietnamese could afford enrollment in
as means of transport. these expensive schools.
 Social Science, March 2019 | 465

Question 14. could set up new industries or trade in goods. If credit

Why Gandhiji started Non-Cooperation Movement ? can be made available to the poor people on terms and
[2] conditions that are appropriate and reasonable for
these millions of common people with their millions
Answer :
of small pursuit, it can add up to create the biggest
After the First World war several factors led to development wonder.
the growth of nationalist movement in India. The Question 19.
reforms that were announced at the end of the war
came as disappointment. The frustration led to an What are the various functions of political parties in
unprecedented upsurge of nationalist sentiments. In democracy ? [2]
1920. A.D., the congress adopted the new programme Answer :
of non-violent non-cooperation movement under the A political party is a group of people who have the same
leadership of Mahatma Gandhi. ideology and who come closer to each other so that they
Question 15. could contest the elections and win over the majority
Name one main staple crop of India and the regions to make the government. All the members of a political
where it is produced ? [2] party agree on some policies for the welfare of the
society. Political parties in democracy perform many
Answer :
functions such as political parties contest elections.
Rice is the staple crop of people of India. Rice is grown
Political parties make some policies and programmes
in Plains of the Ganga and Brahmaputra, coastal plains
for the welfare of the people.
of eastern and western coastal plains and deltas on
the East Coast. Party which wins the majority gets the chance to make
the government.
Question 16.
Question 20.
How Industries pollute the Environment ? [2]
State two characteristics of ''Tsunami''. [2]
Answer :
Answer :
Environmental pollution is becoming a serious
problem for mankind. Industries have caused air, Characteristics of Tsunami are :
water, land and noise pollution. Sulphur dioxide and (i) Sometimes a Tsunami causes the water near the store
carbon monoxide gases cause air pollution, smoke to recede, exposing the ocean floor. This is nature's
from chemical inudstries and burning of fossils fuels Tsunami warning and should be headed.
cause hazards. Bhopal gas tragedy is one example. (ii) Tsunami can occur at any time of day or night.
Industrial wastes causes water pollution. Wastes from
Question 21.
Nuclear plant cause cancer. Industrial processes cause
noise pollution. What are the main functions of a search and rescue
Question 17. team ? [2]
Service sector in India empolys two different kinds of Answer :
people. Who are these ? [2] Main functions of search and rescue team :
Answer : (i) Rescue the survivors trapped under the debris, from
The service sector in India employs two different the damaged buildings or from a cyclonic storm surge.
kinds of people. At one end, there are limited number (ii) Provide First Aid services to the trapped survivors
of services that employ highly skilled and educated and to dispatch them for medical care.
workers. At the other end, there are a very large number
of unskilled workers engaged in services such as small Short Answer Questions
shopkeepers, repair persons, transport persons, etc.
This type of people hardly manage to make their both Question 22.
ends meet and yet they perform these services because
Explain how print culture assisted the growth of
no alternative opportunities for work are available to
Nationalism in India ? [3]
them. Therefore, only a part of this sector is growing
importance in providing employment to the people. Answer :
Question 18. Refer to H.P. Board Paper, March 2023, Term-II,
Series-B, Answer 5 (i)
Analyse the role of credit for development. [2]
Question 23.
Answer :
Explain why the port of Surat declined at the end of
Credit can play an important role for a country's
the eighteenth century ? [3]
development. For this, banks and cooperative societies
need to lend more. This would lead to higher incomes Answer :
because many people could then borrow cheaply for Before the age of machine industries, silk and cotton
a variety of different needs. They could grow crops, goods from India dominated the international market
do businesses, set up small scale industries etc. They in textile. Coarser cottons were produced in many
466 | HP Board - X (Solved Papers)

countries, but the finer varieties often came from world are in closer contact with each other than a few
India. Armenian and Persian merchants took the decades back. In globalisation process the countries
goods from Punjab to Afghanistan, eastern Persia and can be connected through the movement of people.
central Asia. A vibrant sea trade operated through Question 27.
the main pre-colonial parts. Surat on the Gujrat coast
connected India to Gulf and Red sea port. But by the What are the various challenges faced by political
end of the eighteenth century, the european powers parties? [3]
gradually gained power. They first secured a variety of Answer :
concessions from local courts and then the monopoly Political parties are actual face of democracy that what
rights to trade in India. They began to carry on their is going on in democracy. Political parties have to face
trade from the ports of Bombay (Mumbai) and Calcutta many challenges to remain effective and few of the
(Kolkata). This resulted in the decline of the port of challenges are listed below :
Surat.
(i) Lack of Internal Democracy : Sometimes, there
Question 24. is lack of internal democracy within the party, as
Distinguish between Rabi and Kharif crops. [3] generally the power within the party is concentrated
Answer : within the hands of one or two leaders.
Difference between Rabi and Kharif Crop. (ii) Dynasty Succession : The biggest challenge which
political parties are facing these days is the issue of
Rabi Crops Kharif Crops dynastic succession. These parties do not have the
(i) It starts with the It starts with the transparent functioning and that is why the leaders
beginning of winter beginning of monsoon always try to give unfair advantage to their family
members.
(October-November). (June to September)
(iii) Money and Muscle Power : Another challenge
(ii) Harvesting is done in Harvesting is done in
which political parties are facing is the increased role
March/April. September.
of money and muscle power especially at the time
(iii) Major crops are Major crops are rice, of elections. Parties, these days, try to nominate that
wheat barley, gram and jowar, maize, millets, person as their candidate who is either rich or has
oil seeds. sufficient muscle power behind him.
Question 25. Question 28.
Why road transport is more important than Rail What is Pressure Group ? Give a few examples. [3]
transport. [3] Answer :
Answer : Refer to H.P. Board Paper, March 2023, Term-II,
Road is a major medium of land transport. It is more Series-C, Answer 4 (iv)
important than rail transport in many ways. Roads can Question 29.
be easily built and maintained. Road can be built in
higher slopes and high mountains while it is difficult Name two prime communication networks of
to construct railways over rough terrain, roads can be Government of India and explain their functions. [3]
made to pass through forests and deserts. Roads are Answer :
suitable for transporting light, perishable goods. Goods
can be delivered right to the doorsteps of consumers. The two prime communication networks of government
Roads carry heavy goods to long distances and then of India are :
trucks carry these goods to local market. Thus roads (i) NIC : National Informatics Centre, is a premiere
are the cheapest means of transport for short distances science and technology organisation of the government
loading, unloading, and trans-shipment from one of India in the field of informatics, services and
gauge to another. It causes delay in the transportation
information technology (IT) applications.
of goods by railways.
Question 26. (ii) BSNL : The department of Telephone operations,
government of India has become a corporation on
What do you undestand by globalisation ? Explain in
October 1, 2000. It has now been christened Bharat
your own words ? [3]
Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL).
Answer :
Question 30.
The integration of domestic economy with the world
economy is known as globalisation. In this process Write the main aims of the National Cadet Corps. [3]
the goods and services are produced and marketed Answer :
globally. It is a process of rapid integration between
The National Cadet Corps (NCC), a body formed in
countries. Multinational corporations are playing a
vital role in the globalisation process. Now, more and 1948 aims at :
more goods and services, investments and technology (i) Developing qualities of character, courage,
are moving between countries. Most regions of the discipline, leadership, secular outlook, spirit of
 Social Science, March 2019 | 467

adventure and sportsmanship and the ideals of selfless (iv) Green Revolution : A new technique known
service among the youth to make them useful citizens. as green revolution has led to rapid increase in
(ii) Creating a human resource of organised, trained agricultural production. It includes the use of better
and activated youth. seeds, fertilizers and mechanised agriculture.
(iii) Providing leadership in all walks of life including (v) Crop Rotation : A system of crop rotation has been
the Armed forces and making themselves available for used to maintain, the fertility of the soil. Different
the service of the nation. crops from the same fields are obtained to preserve
the fertility of the fields.

Long Answer Questions Question 32.

A few subjects in various lists of the Indian Constitution
Question 31. [5] are given here. Group them under the Union, State and
What is water scarcity and what are its main causes ? Concurrent lists : [5]
Or (i) Defence (ii) Police
Describe the measures taken by the government to (iii) Agriculture (iv) Education
ensure growth in Agriculture. [5] (v) Banking (vi) Forest
Answer : (vii) Communication (viii) Trade
Scarcity of Water : Despite abundant water, many areas (ix) Marriage
have shortage of water. This is called scarcity of water.
Or
In Rajasthan, women have to travel long distances to
get drinking water after balancing matkas. When and how do social differences become social
divisions ? Explain. [5]
According to Falkenmark, a Swedish Expert, water
scarcity occurs when water availability is less than Answer :
1000 m3 per person per day. Union List : Defence, Banking, Communication.
Causes of Scarcity State List : Police, Agriculture, Forests.
(i) Low rainfall causes scarcity of water. Concurrent List : Education, Trade, Marriages.
(ii) Water scarcity occurs in drought prone areas. Or
(iii) Variation in seasonal rainfall. Every social difference cannot lead to social division.
(iv) Over exploitation of water. The meaning of social difference in a group due to
(v) Excessive use of water. certain bases like race, religion, caste, colour, culture,
(vi) Unequal access to water. language etc. when some social differences join hands
(vii) Great demand due to growing population. with another set of social differences, then it becomes
social division. Here we can take the example of blacks
Or
and whites of U.S.A. The main difference between them
Agriculture is the main occupation of people of India. is of their race that they are of black and white race. This
Agriculture is the source of living for about 60% of its is social difference. But when another set of difference
working population. Agriculture is the basis of Indian joins that set, like blacks are poor and homeless, then
economy. Despite its dominant role, agriculture earlier it becomes a social division and it produces a feeling
was not able to provide the basic needs of country. that they both are of different communities.
Our agriculture has failed to meet the food-grains
requirements of the country. Very Long Answer Questions
Steps taken by the government to improve growth in
agriculture. Question 33.
(i) Intensive Agriculture : This method is used in Briefly trace the process of German Unification. [6]
net sown areas under fertile soils. In irrigated areas, Or
intensity of crops has been increased. More than one Why Indians opposed the Rowlatt Act ? Explain [6]
crop a year are obtained. Answer :
(ii) Dry Farming : Indian Agriculture is rain-fed. Refer to H.P. Board Paper, September 2022, Term-I,
In many areas, the rainfall is scanty and there are Series-B, Answer 6 (i)
inadequate means of irrigation. In such areas dry Or
farming methods are used to pressure the moisture. In 1919 A.D., the Rowlatt Act was passed in spite
(iii) Use of High Yielding Varieties : New varieties of of being opposed by all the Indian members of the
foodgrains and other crops are used. These varieties legislative council. The Act authorised the government
are high yielding varieties. It has led to the increase in to imprision people without trial. Three Indian
yield per hectare of wheat, rice etc. members - Madan Mohan Malviya, Mohammad
468 | HP Board - X (Solved Papers)

Ali Jinnah and Mazharul Haque resigned from the (i) Agriculturist is to pay a very high rate of interest
council in protest. The Rowlatt Act aroused a wave of for the loans.
popular indignation and led to the massacre at (ii) The moneylender is still the prominent source of
Jallianwala Bagh. rural finance.
The British Government in India passed the Rowlatt Act (iii) There is a lack of co-ordination among the various
in 1919 A.D., to check, the tide of nationalism in India. agencies of rural credit.
The Indian leaders opposed this Act tooth and nail
because this Act authorised the British Government (iv) Despite many institutions adequate rural credit is
to imprison anybody without any trial. not available the institutional finance is only 50 present
of the total requirement of the farmers.
The Indians helped the British government during the
first World War. They were hopeful that after the war (v) The commercial banks hesitate to provide credit to
the government would give them many rights. But the poor farmers.
government did not do anything and discontent spread Or
among the people on this account. The government
Consumer is the one who pays a price for a commodity
also got frightened. It feared the beginning of a new or services and uses it. It is important for the consumers
movement to care with this situation it passed the to follow their duties too because the consumer should
Rowlatt Act in 1919 A.D. Now the government could fulfil these duties in order to secure the enjoyment of
arrest anybody without trial. It outraged Indians. The the respective rights by all the consumers. Correct
Congress condemned it as the black legislation and observance of the duties is necessary to compel
under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi, strongly the manufacturers and traders to perform in a
opposed it. Meeting's were held everywhere and transparent manner and prevent the exploitation of
processions were taken. For the first time the Indians the consumers.
unitedly opposed the British.
The duties of the consumers as codified in the Indian
Question 34. laws are the following :
Explain the problems of rural credits. [6] (i) Consumers must know their rights and must
Or exercise them.

Describe the various duties of the consumers. [6] (ii) While purchasing the goods, consumer should look
at the quality of the products as well as on the guarantee
Answer : of the products and services. Wherever possible, they
Loans for agriculture and allied activities are known also have to insist for the warranty card. They should
as rural creditor loan. preferably purchase quality marked products, such as
ISI, Agmark etc.
The rural creditor are the short term credit, these credit
are taken to meet the current needs of the farmers (iii) Whenever possible, consumer should ask for cash
such as purchase of seeds, fertilisers, etc. to pay land memo for the items purchased.
revenue and wages to the labourers. The duration of (iv) Consumers should form consumer awareness
the credit is 15 months to 5 years for digging wells, organisation, which can be given representation in
purchasing bullocks, fencing and agricultural tools and the various committees, formed by the government in
implements. The duration of this credit is 5 years to 15 matters relating to consumers.
or 20 years. These loans are needed to make permanent
(v) Consumers must make complaint for their genuine
improvements on land such as on reclamation of land,
grievances. Even if the value of goods involved in their
soil conservation, digging tubewells etc.
complaint is small its impact on the society as a whole
The main defects of agricultural credit are : will be large.
Question 35.
Using sign, fill up the following in the maps of India/World.
(A) Map (Geography)
(A) In Indian Map [3]
(i) The Satluj River (ii) Rice Producing State (iii) Kolkata
(B) Map (History)
(B) In World Map. [3]
(i) Bangladesh (ii) Japan (iii) The Bay of Bengal
 Social Science, March 2019 | 469

Answer :
(A) Map (Geography)

(B) Map (History)

470 | HP Board - X (Solved Papers)

Social Science March 2019

Time Allowed : 3 Hours Maximum Marks : 85
(SERIES–B)

Objective Type Questions [1]

Answer :
Question 1. Three main sectors of Indian Economy are primary,
When was the Second World War started ? [1] secondary and tertiary sector.
Answer : Question 12.
The Second World War started in 1939. Who gave India a status of Secular State ? [1]
Question 2. (a) Government
Where is ''Jallianwala Bagh'' ? [1] (b) Prime Minister
Answer : (c) President
'The Jallianwala Bagh' is in Amritsar (Punjab). (d) Constitution
Question 3. Answer :
Give the full form of UNO. [1] (d) Constitution
Answer :
UNO : United Nations Organisation. Very Short Answer Questions
Question 4.
Who wrote ''Godan'' ? [1] Question 13.
Answer : What do you mean by the idea of Satyagraha ? [2]
Answer :
Munshi Premchand wrote 'Godan'.
Refer to H.P. Board Paper, March 2020 Series B, Answer 14.
Question 5.
Question 14.
Who invented the steam engine ? [1]
Why is Petroleum called 'liquid gold' ? [2]
Answer :
Answer :
James Watt improved the steam engine produced by Refer to H.P. Board Paper, March 2023, Term-II,
New comer and patented the new engine in 1781. Series-C, Answer 4 (iii)
Question 6. Question 15.
In which state of India the black soil is found ? [1] What do you mean by Resources ? [2]
Answer : Answer :
The state where black soil is found is Gujarat. All the useful elements of environment which satisfy
Question 7. human needs are called resources. These are free
How many tiger reserve's are in India ? gifts of nature and useful elements of environment.
These are technologically accessible and economically
Answer :
feasible. These are culturally acceptable. These satisfy
There are 27 tiger reserves in India. basic needs of man. These are limited in quantity.
Question 8. Question 16.
How many percent of the total volume of world's water Name four means of Communication. [2]
is in seas and ocean ? [1] Answer :
Answer : Refer to H.P. Board Paper, March 2020 Series B, Answer 21.
96.5 percent. Question 17.
Question 9. Who is consumer ? [2]
Which one of the following is a Leguminous crop ?[1] Answer :
(a) Pulses (b) Millets Consumer is the one who pays a price for a commodity
(c) Jowar (d) Sesamum or service and uses it.
Answer : Question 18.
(a) Pulses What is Development ? [2]
Question 10. Answer :
Economic development means an increase in the real
Give the full form of GDP. [1]
per capita income over a long period of time. Today,
Answer : the great importance has been given to sustainable
GDP : Gross Domestic Product. development instead of economic development in the
Question 11. world in which environmental concept is taken under
Which are the three main sectors of Indian Economy ? consideration. India is also going under this process.
 Social Science, March 2019 | 471

Question 19. Question 24.

What is Democracy ? [2] Give the three main reasons of water scarcity in India.
Answer : [3]
Democracy is a form of government in which the people Answer :
are supposed to govern. In it the representative of the Thee main reasons for water scarcity in India :
people, who are supposed to represent the masses and (i) India witnessed industrialisation after
speak on their behalf, are elected by the voters on the independence. The establishment of large
basis of universal adult franchise. It believes in such industrial houses and an increasing number of
concepts as liberty, equality and fraternity which are its industries has exerted tremendous pressure on the
functional bases. The basic idea of it that there should fresh water resources.
be social, economic and political equality. (ii) In increase in the number of urban centres with
Question 20. dense population has also exerted presence on
What is meant of Urbanisation ? [2] water resources. Many houses and societies have
Answer : independent water boring devices which have
lowered the water table.
Urbanisation is the increase in the proportion of people
(iii) The deterioration of the quality of water due to
living in towns and cities. Urbanisation occurs because
industrial and domestic wastes has resulted in
people move from rural areas (Countryside) to urban
areas (towns and cities). This usually occurs when a the society of water in India.
country is still developing. Question 25.
Question 21. Describe the importance of minerals in our life. [3]
Write two main objectives of search and rescue team. Answer :
[2] Minerals are found in rocks hidden beneath the
Answer : surface of the earth. Minerals have a definite chemical
Main functions of search and rescue team : composition. Mineral resources are of great importance
to man. These are called 'Gifts of Nature'. Mineral
(i) Rescue the survivors trapped under the debris, from
resources have been used since pre-historic time, in
the damaged buildings or from a cyclonic storm surge.
stone age, in copper age etc. Copper was the first metal
(ii) Provide First Aid services to the trapped survivors to be used. Later on, use of iron had revolutionised the
and to dispatch them for medical care. life of man. Modern industrial development depends
upon the utilisation of minerals. Minerals are called
Short Answer Questions 'Vitamins of Industry'. The coming atomic age will
also depend on minerals like uranium and thorium.
Question 22. Question 26.
Why did industrial production in India increase What is World Trade Organisation ? Why was it set
during the First World war ? [3] up ? [3]
Answer : Answer :
Refer to H.P. Board Paper, March 2023, Term-II, World Trade Organisation (WTO) has emerged as
Series-B, Answer 4 (i) an important international organisation which has
Question 23. encouraged economic liberalisation in the world. It was
Give reasons why the population of London expanded set up in 1995 by the member countries of the United
from the middle of Eighteenth century ? [3] Nations to promote international trade and helps its
Answer : growth in an orderly manner. It also handles trade
disputes. WTO forms rules and regulations which all
By 1750 A.D., the population of London was about
the members have to adopt for the betterment of trade.
675,000. Between 1810 A.D., and 1880 A.D., it increased
from 1 million to about 4 million. Two reasons for its Question 27.
expansion are : What is Gram-Sabha ? What are its functions ? [3]
(i) Even though there were no large factories in London, Answer :
it attracted migrant populations in great numbers. 73 rd amendment of constitution has provided the
People lived in London were; shopkeepers, small three tier system for Panchayati Raj. At village level
masters, skilled artisans, semi-skilled and sweated the basic unit of democracy is Gram Sabha which
out workers, soldiers, servants, casual labourers, street is the Sabha of all the adults of the village and this
sellers, and beggars. Gram Sabha elects the Panchayat and Sarpanch of a
(ii) There were five major types of industries in village. Panchayat looks after the needs of the village.
London; these were clothing and footwear, wood Second level is of Block Samiti at block level and all the
and furniture, metals and engineering, printing and panchayats of the block are its members. It looks after
stationery and precious products such as surgical the works done by panchayats in the block. It has one
instruments, watches and objects of precious metals. chairman, many elected and ex-officio members. Third
These industries employed a large number of people. level of Panchayati Raj is Zila Parishad at district level.
472 | HP Board - X (Solved Papers)

All the Block Samiti's of one district are its members. India. This is called iron ore belt of India. Major steel
M.P., M.L.A.s, D.C., commissioner, etc are its ex-officio plants of India are located in this region.
members. It also has some elected members. Zila (i) Odisha—Jharkhand Belt.
Parishad looks after the works done by panchayats and (a) Jharkhand : Noamandi and Gua mines in Singhbhum
block samiti in the district. district.
Question 28. (b) Odisha : Badam Pahar mines in Keonjhar,
''Democracy is better than dictatorship.'' Comment on Mayurbhanj, Bonai districts.
this. [3] (ii) Durg—Bastar, Chandrapur Belt.
Answer : (a)
Refer to H.P. Board Paper, September 2022, Term-I, (b) Bhailadila (Bastar) and Dantewara districts.
Series-C, Answer 5 (iv) (iii) Bellary : Chikmangalur belt : Karnataka :
Question 29. Chikmangalur and Bellary.
Name three causes of Tsunami and explain its (iv) Goa Norin Goa district, Ratnagiri in Maharashtra.
impact. [3] (v) Tamil Nadu : Salem and Madurai.
Answer : (vi) Baba Boodam hills and Kudremukh in Karnataka,
Tsunami are waves, generated by (i) Earthquakes, (ii) Kurnool and Andhra Pradesh, Lahore and Peepalgaon
Volcanic eruptions, (iii) Underwater landslides. (Ratnagiri and Chandal in Maharashtra, Salem and
Impact : They may rise to several feet and have great Tiruchirapalli in Tamil Nadu).
speed striking the coast Or
(i) With devastating force. In India, roads are classified in the following six classes
(ii) Tsunami's danger period can continue for many according to their carrying capacity :
hours after a major earthquake. (i) Golden Quadrilateral Super Highways : The
(ii) Some Tsunami can be very large. In coastal areas government has launched a major road development
their height can be as great as 10 m or more (30 m) project linking Delhi-Kolkata-Chennai-Mumbai and
in extreme cases, and they can move on land several Delhi by a six lane super highway. The North-South
hundred meters and cause great devastation. corridors linking Srinagar (Jammu & Kashmir) and
Question 30. Kanyakumari (TN) and East-West corridor connecting
Silchar (Assam) and Porbandar (Gujrat) are a part of
Write the aims of National Service Scheme. [3]
this project. The major objective of these super High
Answer : ways is to reduce the time and distance between the
The First Education Commission (1950) recommended mega cities of India. These highway projects are being
the introduction of national service by students on a implemented by the National Highway Authority of
voluntary basis. Ministry of education introduced the India (NHAI).
National Service Scheme during 1969-70. The motto (ii) National Highway : Link extreme parts of the
of NSS is ''NOT ME BUT YOU''. It underlines that the country. These are the primary road systems and
welfare of an individual is ultimately dependent on are laid and maintained by the Central Public Works
the welfare of the society as a whole. This expresses Department (CPWD). A number of major National
the essence of democratic living and upholds the need Highway run in the North-South and East-West
of selfless service and appreciation of the other man's directions. The historical Sher Shah Suri Marg is called
point of view and also consideration for fellow human National Highway no. 1 and it runs between Delhi and
beings. Amritsar.
(iii) State Highway : Road linking a State Capital with
Long Answer Type Questions
Highway. These roads are constructed and maintained
Question 31. by the State Public Works Department (PWD), in the
Describe the main iron-ore belts found in India. [5] State and Union Territories.
Or (iv) District Roads : These roads connect the district
Explain different types of roads in India. [5] headquarters with other places of the district. These
Answer : roads are maintained by the Zila Parishad.
Iron ore has strength, hardness and magnetic properties. (v) Other Roads : Rural roads, which link rural areas
India is rich both in quality and quantity of iron ore and villages with towns, are classified under the
deposits. India shares 20% of world reserves of iron category. These roads received special impetus under
ore. There are four varieties of iron ore. Magnetic the Pradhan Mantri Grameen Sadak Yojna. Under this
containing 70% of iron hematite containing 60% to 70% scheme, special provision is made so that every village
of iron, limonite 40% to 60% of iron and siderite 40 to in the country is linked to major turn in the country by
50% of the iron. all season motorable road.
Main Iron Ore Belt : Bihar, Jharkhand and Orissa (vi) Border Road : Border Road Organisation (A govt.
produce about 75% of total production of iron ore in of India undertaking) constructs and maintains road
 Social Science, March 2019 | 473

in the bordering areas of the country. The organisation uniform, civil code and a ban on religious conversions.
was established in 1960. For the development of roads (iii) Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP) : This party was
of strategic importance in the Northern and North- formed in 1984 under the leadership of Kanshi Ram.
Eastern border areas. These roads have improved The party seeks to represent and secure power of the
the accessibility in areas of difficult terrians and have Bahujan Samaj which includes the dalits adivasis, OBCs
helped in the economic development of these areas. and religious minorities. This party has good presence
Question 32. in Uttar Pradesh and has been in power in UP for a
What are Movement Groups ? Explain their various couple of terms.
types. [5] (iv) Communist Party of India Marxist (CPI-M) : This
Or party was founded in 1964. Marxism-Leninism is the
Discuss about the different National Parties in India. main philosophy of this party and it supports socialism,
[5] secularism. The party enjoys strong support in West
Answer : Bengal, Kerala and Tripura, especially among the poor,
Movement groups are those groups which try to factory workers, farmers, agricultural labourers and
influence politics instead of directly taking part in the intelligentsia.
elections. It means that movement groups are those (v) Communist Party of Indian (CPI) : This party was
groups who try to draw attention of the government on formed in 1925. It has the same philosophy as CPI(M).
one or another issue with the help of marches, protests, Became weak after the split in the party in 1964 that
strikes etc. They don't have any organised organisation led to the formation of the CPI(M). Significant presence
like interest groups but their organisation is very loose. in the state of Kerala, West Bengal, Punjab, Andhra
They don't have any system of taking formal decisions Pradesh and Tamil Nadu.
but their decisions making process is very informal (vi) National Congress Party (NCP) : This party was
and flexible. They generally depend upon the quick formed in 1999 following a split in the Congress Party.
participation of the masses to influence the policies of The party espouses democracy, Gandhian secularism,
the government. Generally most of the movements are equity, social-justice and federalism. This is a major
related with any issue and they try to achieve their aim party in Maharashtra and has a significant presence in
within a limited framework of time. Meghalaya, Manipur, and Assam.
Types : These movement groups are of various types :
(i) First type of movements are those which are related Very Long Answer Questions
with single issue. These are not long term movements
and when objective is achieved, these also come to an Question 33.
end. What are the causes of Environmental Degradation ?
(ii) Second type of movements are those which are not Explain. [6]
related with one issue but are related with more than Or
one issues. These are generally long term movements Explain, how do banks mediate between those who
and have a very loose organisation. They want to have surplus money and those who need money ? [6]
achieve a broader goal with their movement. Answer :
Or Environmental degradation is becoming a serious
In India, Election Commission has made some criteria problem day by day. Not just a national issue, but it is
of the proportion of votes and seats on the basis of a global phenomenon. The stock of natural resources
which any party could be recognised as a national is limited which meets the needs of the world. The
party. Any party which gets minimum 6% of total votes growth of all the countries of the world is in danger
casted on Lok Sabha elections or Assembly elections if these limited resources are completely exhausted
in four states and wins minimum 4 seats in Lok Sabha . The use of fossil fuels and minerals damages the
or recognised as a state party atleast four states, can environment and ecology. They cause pollution and
be recognised as a National Party by the election disturb the balance in nature. Therefore environment
commission. Some National parties are friendly strategy of economic growth is urgently
(i) Indian National Congress (INC) : This is popularly needed.
known as the Congress Party. This is one of the oldest The main causes of environmental degradation are :
parties of the world and was founded in 1885. The (i) Mining : Mining chiefly open-cast mining or
congress party had played a dominant role in Indian surface-mining leads to degradation. Mining leads to
policies at the national and state levels for several abandonment of site or settlements, roads, factories,
decades after India's independence. which all lead to depletion of vegetation.
(ii) Bhartiya Janta Party (BJP) : This party was founded (ii) Mineral Processing : Like grinding of limestone,
in 1980 by reviving the erstwhile Bharatiya Jana Sangh. quarring and crushing of stones raise dust in atmosphere
Building a strong and modern Indian is the main leading to environmental degradation.
goal of this party. The BJP wants to promote cultural (iii) Land fills : Industries dump many non-degradable
nationalism (or Hindutva). This party wants full toxic or radioactive wastes in land fills. These waste
territorial and political integration of J & K with India, a cause environmental degradation.
474 | HP Board - X (Solved Papers)

(iv) Effluents : Industries release many effluents in century and later, however, a powerful Indian press,
water bodies or in atmosphere. These effluents cause grew both in English and Indian languages. With the
pollution of various types. growth of political consciousness and the beginning
Or of political activities by Indians in later part of the 19th
Households do not spend their income on consumption century, there was a great increase in the number of
of goods and services. People tend to save the surplus Indian newspapers and Journals. Some of the English
money by depositing into the bank. People who invest newspapers which were owned by the British were
in productive activities borrow fund from the banks. supporters of the British rule, whereas most of the
Banks use the major portion of the deposits to extend other, both in English and Indian languages, criticised
loans. There is a huge demand for loans for various the British rule. The native newspapers voiced the
economic activities. In this way, banks mediate between grievances of the Indian people, made them aware
those who have surplus funds and those who are in of the happenings in different parts of the country
need of these funds. Banks charge a higher interest and become a powerful instrument for mobilising
rate on loans than what they offer on deposits. The the people. So the British Government wanted to take
difference between what is charged from borrowers measures to control them. Modelled on the Irish Press
and what is paid to depositors is their main source of hours, it passed the Vernacular Press Act in 1878 A.D. It
income. Thus by accepting deposits and by advancing provided the government with extensive right to censor
loans, bank mediate between those who have surplus reports and editorials in the Vernacular newspapers.
money and those who need money. When a report was judged as opposing the government,
Question 34. the newspaper was warned, and if the warning was
Write note on the following : [6] ignored, the press was liable to be seized.
(a) Gutenberg Press Or
(b) The Vernacular Press Act. The following factors led the major expansion of
Bombay's population in the mid-nineteenth century :
Or
(i) Bombay became the capital city of the Bombay
What led to major expansion of Bombay’s population
Presidency in 1819 A.D., after the Maratha's defeat in
in Mid-Nineteenth century ? [6]
the Anglo-Maratha war. As a result more and more
Answer : people began to settle in Bombay.
(a) Gutenberg Press : The Gutenberg Press was the first (ii) With the growth of trade in cotton and opium,
printing press in the world. It was set up by Gutenberg large communities of traders, bankers, artisans and
in Germany in 1448 A.D. Before the invention of this shopkeepers came to settle in Bombay.
press the books were written by hand and they were
(iii) In 1854 A.D., the first cotton mill was established
very costly. So the poor people could not afford to buy
in Bombay. By 1921 A.D., the number of cotton mills
them. But the Gutenberg Press made books within the
there was 85. In these mills about 1,46,000 workers
reach of all people. The Gutenberg Press had a long
were employed, of them, about one fourth were born
handle attached to the screw. This handle was used
in Bombay and the rest came from outside, especially
to turn the screw and press down the platen over the
from the nearby district of Ratnagiri.
printing block that was placed on top of a sheet of damp
paper. Gutenberg developed metal types for each of (iv) Bombay dominated the maritime trade of India.
the 26 characters of the Roman alphabet and devised So a large number of people came here to work at the
a way of moving them around so as the compose seaport.
different words of the text. This came to be known as (v) Bombay was at the junction head of two major
the moveable type printing machine, and it remained railways. The railways encouraged an even higher scale
the basic print technology over the next 300 years. The of migration into the city.
first book printed was the bible. (vi) Famine in the dry region of kutch drove large
(b) The Vernacular Press Act : Some of the earliest numbers of people into Bombay.
newspapers in India were started by the British, (vii) Bombay was the film city of India. It attracted
mainly for the British. During the course of the 19th many people to work in films and settle in Bombay.
Question 35.
Using sign, fill up the following in the maps of India/World
(A) Map (Geography)
(A) In map of India : [3]
(i) The Ganga River (ii) Two Coal Producing States (iii) Jammu-Kashmir and Shimla
(B) Map (History)
(B) In World's Map : [3]
(i) Sri Lanka (ii) The Bay of Bengal (iii) The United States of America
 Social Science, March 2019 | 475

Answer :
(A) Map (Geography)

(B) Map (History)

476 | HP Board - X (Solved Papers)

Social Science March 2019

Time Allowed : 3 Hours Maximum Marks : 85

(SERIES–C)

Objective Type Questions Answer :

The World Consumer Rights Day is celebrated on 15th
Question 1. March every year.
Name the country to which Revolutionary Guiseppe Question 12.
Mazzini belonged. [1] How many National parties are there in India ? [1]
Answer : Answer :
Revolutionary Guiseppe Mazzini belonged to Italy. There are seven (7) national potitical parties in India.
Question 2.
When was Non-Cooperation Movement launched by Very Short Answer Questions
Mahatma Gandhi ? [1]
Answer : Question 13.
Mahatma Gandhi launched the Non-Cooperation Write a short note on ‘‘Dandi March’’. [2]
movement in the year 1921. Answer :
Question 3. Dandi March is a very important event in the history
Where was the first Indian Jute Mill established ? [1] of Indian National Movement. The Civil Disobedience
Answer : Movement began with what is known as Dandi March.
The first Jute mill was established in Rishra near Gandhiji along with 78 of his followers, started from
Calcutta in 1859. his ashram at Sabarmati on 12 March to Dandi on the
Question 4. sea-coast on foot and broke the law by making salt.
Who wrote Novel ‘‘Sewasadan’’ ? [1] Question 14.
Answer :
Write down any two characteristics of cities. [2]
Munshi Prem Chand wrote the novel "Sewasadan".
Answer :
Question 5.
Give the full form of C.N.G. [1] (i) A city is a large human settlement. Cities generally
Answer : have extensive systems for housing, transportation,
CNG : Compressed Natural Gas. sanitation, utilities, land use and communication.
Question 6. (ii) Their density facilitates interaction between people,
Name two polluted rivers of India. [1] government organisations and business, sometimes
Answer : benefiting different parties in the process.
Two polluted rivers of India are Ganga and Yamuna. Question 15.
Question 7. Define soil erosion. Give its two main causes. [2]
Name two wheat producing states of India. [1] Answer :
Answer : Refer to H.P. Board Paper, September 2022, Term-I,
Two wheat producing states of India are Uttar Pradesh Series-A, Answer 4 (iii)
and Punjab. Question 16.
Question 8. Why do we need to conserve mineral resources ? [2]
Name any two non-conventional sources of energy.[1] Answer :
Answer : Refer to H.P. Board Paper, September 2022, Term-I,
Two non-conventional sources of energy are Wind and Series-C, Answer 5 (ii)
Tidal power. Question 17.
Question 9. Explain the term ‘‘Per capita Income’’. [2]
Name two major Means of Mass Communication. [1] Answer :
Answer : Per capita income (PCl) or average income measures
Two major means of mass communication are Radio the average income earned per person in a given area
and Television. (city, region, country etc.) in a specified year. It is
Question 10. calculated by dividing the area's total income by its
Find the odd one out : [1] total population.
Teacher, Doctor, Vegetable-Vendor, Lawyer. [1] Question 18.
Answer : Write a short note on ‘‘COPRA’’. [2]
Vegetable vendor is odd one out. Answer :
Question 11. A major step taken in 1986 by the Indian government
Which day is celebrated as World Consumer Rights was the enactment of the Consumer Protection Act 1986,
Day every year ? [1] popularly known as COPRA. Under COPRA, a three
 Social Science, March 2019 | 477

tier quasi-judicial machinery at the district, state and Answer :

national levels was set up for redressal of consumer Refer to H.P. Board Paper, March 2023, Term-II,
disputes. If a case is dismissed in distict level court, the Series-B, Answer 5 (i)
consumer can also appeal in state and then in National Question 24.
level courts. Thus, having the COPRA has enabled What is biodiversity ? Why it is important for human
us as consumers to have the right to represent in the lives ? 3
consumer courts. Answer :
Question 19. Biodiversity is a combination of two words—Bio
How social difference originates in our society ? [2] meaning life and diversity meaning variety. This
Answer : biodiversity is the number and variety of organsims
The basis of origin of social differences are : found within a specified region. It refers to varieties of
(i) Most social differences are based on the accident of species of plants, animals and micro-organisms.
birth. For example people may be tall, strong, weak, Importance of biodiversity in human life :
girl or boy. (i) Biodiversity is our living wealth.
(ii) Some social differences emerge because people (ii) Biodiversity has ecological, economic and scientific
choose to follow certain practices or principles. importance.
For example, a person may be an atheist or may
(iii) Species of many kinds develop life support system.
be a feminist. Some people may convert to another
(iv) These affect climate and ecosystem.
religion.
(v) It produces crop diversity.
(iii) All social differences do not result in social
divisions. Sometimes, even people belonging to (vi) It is an integral part of human culture.
different religions may have common interests. Question 25.
Question 20. Describe contribution of Agriculture to National
What was the problem of roads in London ? [2] Economy. [3]
Answer : Answer :
The problem that people faced on the roads of London Through the share of agriculture in gross domestic
was that the cows regularly blocked traffic on London product has declined from 52% in 1950 to 20% in 2013,
roads. Clearing streets was part of the project of this decline is mainly on account of considerable rise
building a modern city. in non-farming income. Agriculture meet with the
Question 21. food needs of the people of India. Despite the rise in
Name any three human factors for influencing the population, the availability of food grains has risen
location of an Industry. [2] form 395 gm per day in 1950 to 467 gm per day in 2013.
Answer : Agricultural production of food grains has risen from
510 lakh tonnes in 1950-51 to about 2590 lakh tonnes
Refer to H.P. Board Paper, March 2023, Term-II,
Series-B, Answer 5 (ii) in 2012-13.
Question 26.
Short Answer Questions What is the impact of earthquake on a building ? [3]
Answer :
Question 22. Refer to H.P. Board Paper, March 2023, Term-II,
Explain : Series-B, Answer 5 (v)
Rats were most common in the modern, newly built Question 27.
areas of Hanoi. [3] State any two differences between Local Self-
Government before and after the Constitutional
Answer :
Amendment in 1992. [3]
The french wanted to modernise Vietnam, so they
Answer :
decided to rebuild Hanoi. The french part of the city
Refer to H.P. Board Paper, March 2020 Series B, Answer 34.
was built as a beautiful and clean city. It had wide
Question 28.
avenues and a well laid out sever system. But the other
How can democracy be strengthened ? [3]
part of the city was not provided with any modern
Answer :
faclities. The refuse from the old city drained straight
out into the river. During heavy rains or floods, this In every type of democracy people can express their
potitical views and social division in such cases can
refuse overflowed into the streets. In such situations,
be healthy and normal. With this the weaker and
rats began to enter homes in the modern part of the city
marginal sections of society can express their views
through sewages pipes and spread plague. and grievances so that the government could listen
Question 23. to their problems. With this expression of different
Explain how print culture assisted the growth of types of social division in politics, intensity of conflict
Nationalism in India. [3] can be reduced and the people will stop cutting each
478 | HP Board - X (Solved Papers)

other. It can lead to strengthening of democracy. In our GDP. Its growth was stagnated earlier. However,
this way democracy could be strengthened with social since 2003, it is growing at a rate of 9-10% per annum.
differences. Or
Question 29. Refer to H.P. Board Paper, September 2022, Term-I,
Describe the role of Central Government at the time of Series-B, Answer 6 (iii)
any disaster. [3] Question 32.
Answer : State how caste inequalities are still continuing in
The role of Central Government at the time of any India. [5]
disaster is based on keeping in view of the following Or
factors : Explain how the activities of pressure groups are useful
(i) The gravity of the disaster. in the functioning of a democratic government. [5]
(ii) The scale of the relief operators. Answer :
(iii) The requirements of the central assistance for In the country like India, where caste system
augmenting financial resources and logistics support predominantly was the main force in running the
at the disposal of the state government. society, caste inequalities still persists. Caste system is
The following decision making and standard bodies a system which is based on the discrimination against
are responsible for disaster management at the central few castes. Still a number of factors are there which
level : shows us that caste inequalities are still continuing in
Union cabinet headed by the prime minister. India and these are :
Group of ministers, headed by PM. (i) Endogamy : The meaning of endogamy is to marry
Under the chairmanship of the cabinet secretary crisis within one's own caste or group and not to marry out of
management group, under the chairmanship of the its caste or group. Even in modern age people never like to
central relief commissioner, and senior officers from do intercaste marriages, even it is legally sanctioned. They
various ministries and other concerned departments think that their caste is superior to other and that's why
review the contingency plans, measures required they look at other caste with hatred. In this way endogamy
for dealing with natural disasters and carry out proved to be factor of inequality based on caste.
coordination at the time of disaster. (ii) Untouchability : Untouchability is a concept in
Question 30. which people of few castes cannot touch people of
Which are the most vulnerable houses to flood ? [3] other caste. If they do then they were given sever
Answer : punishment. Yet constitutional provision has stopped
Refer to H.P. Board Paper, March 2023, Term-II, the practice of untouchability but still this has not been
Series-C, Answer 4 (vi) ended completely.
(iii) Education : During the period of dominance
Long Answer Questions of caste system lower caste groups had no access to
education and even today they don’t have access to
Question 31. education or they are prohibited from acquiring it
Explain the importance of Manufacturing Industries. because of which they have naturally lagged behind.
[5] (iv) Occupation : People of few caste still are given their
Or hereditary occupation and are not allowed to adopt
Compare the advantages and disadvantages of any other occupation which shows us inequality on
multipurpose river projects. [5] the basis of caste.
Answer : In this way we can say that caste inequalities still persits
in India.
Importance of manufacturing industries are as follows :
Or
(i) It has helped in modernising agriculture by
manufacturing tracters, tools and machines used in Pressure group is a group of people which tries to
cultivation. achieve their aims by influencing the government
policies. People with common aims, occupation, etc.
(ii) It has reduced employment pressure on agriculture.
form these groups. In the beginning, it seems that these
(iii) It has brought in much needed foreign exchange.
pressure groups are not good for democracy because
(iv) It has expanded trade and commerce. they try to influence the government which will have
(v) Manufacturing industries have helped in to take care of interests of all the sections of society.
eradication of unemployment and poverty. Another factor against it, is that these groups are tying
(vi) It has helped in the growth and boom in economy. to get powers but without taking any responsibility. Like
(vii) Manufacturing industries have contibuted 17% of political parties, these groups are not bound to face the
 Social Science, March 2019 | 479

people in elections and they are not accountable to any (v) In open unemploy- In disguised unemploy-
one. They are not getting any support or money from ment, the individual ment the employee feels
the masses. Many a time due to their wealth, they try to is not earning a pen- he is contributing some-
gain public support in favour of their narrow agenda. ny. thing, while he is of no
But on the other hand pressure groups and movements use to that work as he is
treated as extra.
are very much necessary for the democracy. If everyone
in the country is getting equal opportunity then these (vi) Open unemploy- In case of disguised
ment causes no unemployment, the
are not unhealthy for society. Generally government
earning options for workers can gain some
comes under pressure of these rich and influential
people for their live- amount but lesser than
people. Movements and public interests groups can lihood. regular job.
play a useful role to reduce this under control and they Or
can tell the government about needs of the ordinary
Credit can play an important role for country's
people from time to time. Even different sectional development. For this, banks and co-operative societies
interest groups can play an important role in it. If need to lend more. This would lead to higher incomes
any interest group tries to influence the government because many people could then borrow cheaply for a
to achieve its aims, then other interest groups can variety of different needs. They could grow crops, do
also counter attack first group and can create hurdles businesses, set up new industries or trade in goods.
in the desires of first group. From this, government If credit can be made available to the poor people
can come to know about the needs of the people and on terms and conditions that are appropriate and
government can accommodate all of them with the reasonable these millions of small people with their
conflicting interests. millions of small pursuits can add up to create the
biggest development wonder.
Very Short Answer Questions Credit plays a crucial role in a country's development.
By sanctioning loans to developing industries and
Question 33. trade, banks, provide them with the necessary aid for
Distinguish between open unemployment and improvement. This leads to increased production, must
disguised unemployment. [6] be exercised in the case of high risks so that losses do
Or not occur. This advantage of loans also needs to be
Analyse the role of credit for development in detail. manipulated and kept under an administrative hold
[6] because loans from the informal sector include high
Answer : interest rates that may be more harmful than good.
Open Disguised For this reason, it is important that the formal sector
unemployment unemployment gives out more loans so that borrowers are not doped
(i) In case of an open In case of a disguised un- by moneylenders, and can ultimately contribute to
unemployment, a employment, more num- national development. Also, cheap and affordable
person is willing to ber of people work for credit plays a crucial role for the country's development.
work, but he does the same work that can There is a huge demand for loans for various economic
not get a place or op- be carried out by lesser activities. The credit helps people to meet the on
portunity to work. people, thus the ultimate going expenses of production and thereby develop
their business. Many people could then borrow for a
actually null. variety of different needs. They could grow crops, do
(ii) Open unemploy- Disguised unemploy- businesses, set up industries etc. Thus credit plays vital
ment can be per- ment cannot be easily role in development.
ceived. perceived. Question 34.
(iii) In open unemploy- In disguised unemploy- In what way was the novel in colonial India useful for
ment, the overall both the colonisers as well as nationalists ? [6]
economy of a coun- whether they are there
Or
or not.
positively or nega- Explain, how the First World War helped in the growth
tively if employees of National movement in India. [6]
join or leave. Answer :
(iv) All employees are Extra employees mean The novel in colonial India was useful for both the
important in open nothing in disguised un- colonisers as well as the nationalists in the following
unemployment. employment. ways :
480 | HP Board - X (Solved Papers)

(i) Useful for colonisers : The colonisers found as a powerful medium to criticise the various evils
vernacular novels a valuable source of information prevailing in society and to suggest remedies for them.
on India's life and customs. Such information was They also, used the novel to established a relationship
useful for them in governing Indian society, with its with the past. Through glorified accounts of the past,
large variety of communities and castes. As outsiders, the novel helped in creating a sense of pride among
the colonisers knew little about life inside Indian their readers. Again, the novels inculcated pride among
households. The new novels in Indian languages had
the Indians and laid stress on the cultural equality
descriptions of domestic life. They showed how people
with their colonial masters. Later, the novel helped
dressed, their forms of religious worship, their beliefs
the people of India to launch a powerful movements
and practices, and so on. Colonial administrators
against the colonisers.
or christian missionaries got some of these novels
translated into English, so that they could administer Or
the country in a better way. Refer to H.P. Board Paper, September 2022, Term-I,
(ii) Useful for Nationalists : Nationalists used the novel Series-C, Answer 6 (ii)
Question 35.
Using sign, fill up the following in the maps of India/world.
(A) Map (Geography)
(A) In Indian Map : [3]
(i) The Bhakra Dam (ii) Two wheat producing states (iii) Two black soil areas
(B) Map (History)
(B) In World Map : [3]
(i) England (ii) Nepal (iii) The Arbian Sea.
Answer :
(A) Map (Geography)
 Social Science, March 2019 | 481

(B) Map (History)

Social Science [Unsolved] March 2018
Time Allowed : 3 Hours Maximum Marks : 85

(SERIES–A)

Section – A (History) Question 6.

Name three states having black soil and the crop which
Question 1.
is mainly grown on it. [2]
What steps did the French revolutionaries take to create
a sense of collective identity among the French people? Question 7.
Or Compare the advantages and disadvantages of
[5] multipurpose river projects. [2]
Answer : Answer :
Refer to H.P. Board Paper, March 2019 Series A, Answer Refer to H.P. Board Paper, March 2020 Series A, Answer 25.
33 Or. Question 8.
Or Enlist the various institutional reform programmes
Refer to H.P. Board Paper, March 2020 Series A, Answer 33. introduced by the government in the interest of
Question 2. farmers. [2]
Question 9.
(i) Why did nationalist tensions emerge in the What is mineral? [2]
Balkans ? Answer :
(ii) Refer to H.P. Board Paper, March 2020 Series B, Answer 17.
Jenny.” Explain it. Question 10.
(iii)
(iv) location of the industry. [2]
(v) What were the changes in the kind of work Answer :
available to women in London between the
Refer to H.P. Board Paper, March 2019 Series C, Answer 21.
nineteenth and the twentieth century? Explain
the causes which led to this change. [3×3=9] Question 11.
Answer :
Or
(ii) Refer to H.P. Board Paper, March 2020 Series A,
What is manufacturing ? [3]
Answer 23.
(iii) Refer to H.P. Board Paper, March 2020 Series B, Answer :
Answer 14. Refer to H.P. Board Paper, March 2020 Series A, Answer 16.
(iv) Refer to H.P. Board Paper, March 2020 Series A, Or
Answer 15. Refer to H.P. Board Paper, March 2020 Series A, Answer 17.
(v) Refer to H.P. Board Paper, March 2020 Series A, Question 12.
Answer 33 Or.
Question 3. (i) Two areas of black soil
(i) Write a note on ‘The Greek war of independence’ (ii) Two major tea producing states
[3] (iii) Eastern Ghat and Western Ghat
(ii) (iv)
include poorer people. [3] (v) Visakhapatnam
Question 4. (vi) teel centre located in Jharkhand.
Locate the following in the giving outline map of the [3]
(i) Japan Section – C (Civics)
(ii) Bay of Bengal
(iii) China Question 13.
(iv) an [2]
sharing with an example from the Indian context. [4]
Section – B (Geography) Question 14.
Question 5. What is the meaning of Political party? [4]
What are the biotic and abiotic resources ? Give some Answer :
examples. [2] Refer to H.P. Board Paper, March 2020 Series A, Answer 29.
 Social Science, March 2018 | 483

Question 15. Question 19.

In what respects is the criterion used by the UNDP for

by World Bank? [4]

[4]
Question 20.
Answer : What do you understand by globalisation ? Explain in
Refer to H.P. Board Paper, March 2020 Series B, Answer 34. your own words. [4]
Question 16. Answer :
Refer to H.P. Board Paper, March 2019 Series A, Answer 26.
Question 21.
a political party? [3]
Question 17. problems for the borrower. Explain. [3]
Question 22.
Explain the need for consumer consciousness by giving
responsive and legitimate government ? [3]
two examples. [3]
Answer :
Refer to H.P. Board Paper, March 2020 Series A, Answer 34. Section – E (Disaster Management)
Question 23.
Section – D (Economics) [2½]
Question 24.
Question 18.
What is the main objective of search and rescue team?
What do you understand by disguised unemployment? [2½]
Explain with an example each from the urban and rural Question 25.
areas. [4] Name two prime communication networks of
Government of India and explain their functions. [4]

Social Science [Unsolved] March 2018

Time Allowed : 3 Hours Maximum Marks : 85

(SERIES–B)

Section – A (History) Question 3.

(i) “The French began building canals and draining
Question 1.
lands in the Mekong Delta region”. Explain it.[3]
“The East India Company appointed Gumashtas to (ii) Outline the changes in technology and society
supervise weavers in India.” Explain it.
which led to an increase in readers of the novel
Or
in eighteenth-century Europe. [3]
Question 4.
ideas promoted by the liberals ? [5] Locate the following in the giving outline map of the
Question 2.
(i)
(i) (ii) Bangladesh
(ii) Why well-off Londoners supported the need (iii) Pakistan
to build houses for the poor in the nineteenth (iv) a [2]
century?
(iii) Write a note on Frankfurt Parliament. Section – B (Geography)
(iv)
(v) How the First World War helped in the growth of Question 5.
the National Movement in India. [3×3=9] What is water scarcity and what are its main causes?
Answer : [2]
(v) Refer to H.P. Board Paper, March 2019 Series C, Answer :
Answer 34 Or. Refer to H.P. Board Paper, March 2019 Series A, Answer 31.
484 | HP Board - X (Solved Papers)

Question 6. Section – C (Civics)

[2]
Question 13.
Answer :
How do social divisions affect politics? Give two
Refer to H.P. Board Paper, March 2020 Series A, Answer 24. examples. [4]
Question 7. Question 14.
What steps should be taken to prevent soil erosion in Describe the nature of relationship between pressure
the hilly areas? [2] groups and political parties? [4]
Answer : Question 15.
Refer to H.P. Board Paper, March 2020 Series B, Answer 24. What are the characteristics of any political party? [4]
Question 8. Answer :
Name one important beverage crop and specify the Refer to H.P. Board Paper, March 2020 Series B, Answer 28.
[2] Question 16.
Question 9.
Why do we need to conserve mineral resources ? [2] are discriminated or they are in weaker position in
India. [3]
Answer :
Question 17.
Refer to H.P. Board Paper, March 2019 Series C, Answer 16.
Discuss three factors that determine the outcomes of
Question 10. politics of social divisions. [3]

location of the industry. [2] Section – D (Economics)

Answer :
Question 18.
Find out present sources of energy used by people of

Question 11. from now? [4]

Where and why is rail transport the most convenient Question 19.
means of transportation ? Why is the issue of sustainability important for
Or development? [4]
Refer to H.P. Board Paper, March 2020 Series A, Answer 32.
Question 20.
for the farming of rice. [3]
Answer.
their use? Illustrate with your own examples related
Refer to H.P. Board Paper, March 2020 Series C, Answer 25. to development. [4]
Or Question 21.
Rice is a tropical crop. It thrives well in hot and humid Why do governments try to attract more foreign
climate. investment. [3]
Question 22.
(i) It is essentially a Kharif crop in India. By what means can the consumers express their
(ii) solidarity? [3]
(iii)
Section – E (Disaster Management)
(iv) In areas of less rainfall it is grown with the help
of irrigation. Question 23.
(v) Identify two signs and symptoms of sprain and
southern plains and deltas. fracture. [2½]
(vi) Question 24.
Question 12. Write the main aim of the National Cadet Corps. [2½]
Answer :
(i) Yamuna River Refer to H.P. Board Paper, March 2020 Series C, Answer 21.
(ii) Indian Ocean (Mahasagar) and Bay of Bengal Question 25.
(iii)
(iv) Pune post tsunami scenario. [4]
(v) Answer :
(vi) One region o [3] Refer to H.P. Board Paper, March 2020 Series A, Answer 30.
 Social Science, March 2018 | 485

Social Science [Unsolved] March 2018

Time Allowed : 3 Hours Maximum Marks : 85

(SERIES–C)
Section – A (History) Answer :
Refer to H.P. Board Paper, March 2019 Series C, Answer 24.
Question 1.
Question 8.
Or Explain how water is a renewable resource ? [2]
Why did some industrialists in nineteenth-century (i)
Europe prefer manual labour over machines ? [5] (ii) Ground water
Answer : (iii) Precipitation.
Refer to H.P. Board Paper, March 2020 Series C, Answer 33. Question 9.
Question 2.
[2]
(i) Question 10.
operation Movement ? What is mineral? [2]
(ii) Answer :
(iii) Refer to H.P. Board Paper, March 2020 Series B, Answer 17.
why it was opposed in India? Question 11.
(iv) Why do you think that solar energy has a bright future
expanded from the middle of eighteenth century. in India.
(v) What was the situation of poor farmers during the Or
civil disobedience movement? Explain. [3×3=9] What are basic industries ? Give an example. [3]
Answer : Answer :
(i) Refer to H.P. Board Paper, March 2020 Series C, Refer to H.P. Board Paper, March 2020 Series C, Answer 31.
(ii) Refer to H.P. Board Paper, March 2020 Series C, Question 12.
(iv)
Question 3. [3]
(i) Two ports on Western Ghat
(i) Write a note on ‘Guiseppe Mazzini’. [3] (ii) Kolkata and Mumbai
(ii) Only one-third of the students in Vietnam would (iii) Eastern Ghat
pass the school-leaving examination. Why? [3] (iv)
(v)
Answer :
(vi)
(ii) Refer to H.P. Board Paper, March 2019 Series A,
Answer 13. Section – B (Civics)
Question 4.
Locate the following in the giving outline map of the Question 13.

(i) China division? [4]

(ii) Nepal Answer :
(iii) Refer to H.P. Board Paper, March 2019 Series A, Answer
(iv) Bhutan [2] 32 Or.
Question 14.
Section – B (Geography) What are the different forms of power sharing in
modern democracies ? Give an example of each of
Question 5.
these. [4]
What steps should be taken to prevent soil erosion in
the hilly areas? [2] Answer :
Answer : Refer to H.P. Board Paper, March 2020 Series A, Answer 34.
Question 15.
Refer to H.P. Board Paper, March 2020 Series B, Answer 24.
Question 6.
of Government and a unitary one? Explain through
Describe the distribution of coal in India. [2]
examples. [4]
Question 7.
Question 16.
What is biodiversity ? Why is biodiversity important What is pressure group? Give few examples. [3]
for human lives? [2]