Digital Communication LAB
Experiment No. (1)
Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM)
Experiment Aims:
To perform the Frequency Division Multiplexing with AM DSB-SC
signals using Matlab Simulink.
Introduction
Many different information-bearing signals are transmitted in the
same channel of radio frequency communication or many users want
to transmit data at the same communication channel. There are many
communication techniques to process the transmitted signals in the
same time and channel, like TDM, FDM and CDMA etc.
FDM system is the technique that utilizes different channel to
transmit different informationbearing signal. Take the telephone
system for example, telephone A, B and C are point-to-point
communication system with different transmission channel. To
transmit these signals over the same channel, they must be kept apart
so that they do not interfere with each other. Thus they can be
separated at the receiver.
The block diagram of FDM system shows in Figure (1-1), each
channel is single- sideband modulation. The Bandwidth of audio
signals in telephone A, B and C are 4kHz. Signal A is modulated by
carrier with 108kHz. Signal B is modulated by carrier with 104kHz
and Signal C is modulated by carrier with 100kHz. The transmission
bandwidth in channel A is 104 to 108kHz, in channel B is 100 to
104kHz and in channel C is 96 to 100kHz. The three modulated
signals are AM subcarriers. Subcarrier is an already-modulated signal,
which is then modulated into another signal of higher frequency and
bandwidth for transmitting.
Figure (1) Block Diagram of FDM system
Figure (2) Spectrum of FDM Signal
Applications of FDM:
Telephone system
AM radio broad casting.
TV broad casting etc.
Cable TV a. Multiple TV signals are multiplexed on a common
coaxial cable
Band-pass filter of FDM demultiplexer
The composite signal is applied to a group of band-pass filters (BPF).
Each BPF has a center frequency corresponding to one of the carriers.
The BPFs have an adequate bandwidth to pass all the channel
information without any distortion. Each filter will pass only its
channel and rejects all the other channels.
Working Operation of the FDM Transmitter
Each signal modulates a separate carrier. The modulator outputs will
contain the sidebands of the corresponding signals. The modulator
outputs are added together in a linear mixer or adder. The linear mixer
is different from the normal mixers. Here the sum and difference
frequency components are not produced. But only the algebraic
addition of the modulated outputs will take place. Different signals
are thus added together in the time domain but they have a separate
identity in the frequency domain. The composite signal at the output
of mixer is transmitted over the single communication channel as
shown in fig.1. This signal can be used to modulate a radio transmitter
if the FDM signal is to be transmitted through air. Modulate a radio
transmitter if the FDM signal is to be transmitted through air.
Figure (3): FDM Receiver
Procedure:
1. Switch on the computer and click on the MATLAB icon.
2. Open a new Simulink model.
3. Arrange the functional blocks as shown in figure (4).
4. Assign the parameters for the message signal1 block:
amplitude= 1, frequency =2*pi*5 (rad/sec), sample time=0.001
and the carrier1 block: amplitude=2, frequency= 2*pi*50.
5. Assign the parameters for the message signal1 block:
amplitude= 1, frequency =2*pi*10 (rad/sec), sample time=0.001
and the carrier1 block: amplitude=3, frequency= 2*pi*100.
6. Assign the parameters for the analog filter (BPF1) and (BPF2)
as shown in figure (5).
7. Display and draw the output signals at the spectrum analyser
and scopes and comment on the results.
Figure (4): Simulink Model of FDM Transmitter and Receiver
Figure (5) Band Pass Filter parameters
Discussion
1. What is Multiplexing?
2. What is the difference between FDM and TDM?
3. What are the advantages and disadvantages of FDM?