NARRATIVE TEXT
a. Social Function :
✓ To amuse and entertain the readers, and to educate and give moral values.
✓ To amuse, entertain and to deal with actual or vicarious experience in different
ways; Narratives deal with problematic events which lead to a crisis or turning point
of some kind, which in turn finds a resolution.
Ada beberapa jenis teks narratif. Ada yang bersifat imajiner, terkadang bisa juga
faktual (kejadian sesungguhnya), cerita dongeng (fairy stories), cerita misteri,
science fiction, roman, dan lain-lain.
b. Generic Structure
1. Orientation
✓ Sets the scene and introduces the participants (who,what,where).
Menyebutkan orang atau benda yang melakukan /terlibat dan juga
menyatakan waktu, tempat, situasi.
2. Complication
✓ Presents crisis
Konflik(permasalahan)
3. Resolution
✓ Signs that the crisis is resolved
Pemecahan masalah
4. Re-orientation
✓ Closes the story
Kesan / perasaan
Narrative text is organized focusing at character oriented. It is build using descriptive
familiar language and dialogue. There are some genres of literary text which fit to be
classified as the narrative text. Some of them are:
• Folktales, it includes fables, legend, myth, or realistic tales
• Mysteries, fantasy, science or realistic fiction
Commonly, narrative text is organized by the story of grammar. It will be beginning,
middle and end of the story. To build this story grammar, narrative text need plot. This
plot will determine the quality of the story. Plot is a series of episodes which holds the
reader’ attention while they are reading the story.
Conflict is the main important element of the plot. This conflict among the characters
will drive the story progress. In this conflict, readers will be shown how the characters
face the problem and how they have ability to handle that problem.
Di bawah ini adalah satu contoh cerita beserta keterangan bagian-bagian struktur
generiknya.
Text organisation language
features
who?
Orientation John slumped in the armchair, his arms
crossed and his face with a gloomy frown. where?
He was a new kid in town, but no-one knew
he was even there. John didn’t like anybody mental process
and they did’nt like him. All day he sat in the
armchair , staring out the window. action verb
Complication Through the window he saw a gigantic hollow
tree in vacant lot. The tree seemed to call him. Linking word
He stood slowly up, then started to walk towards
the tree. Its branches were very thin
and its roots dug into the ground like claws.
The tree had thorns all over it. John tried
[Link] to turn away from the tree but he couldn’t. A
mysterious force was pulling him into the hollow.
Resolution John never reappeared… but no-one noticed or cared.
(Adapted from Derewianka, 1990)
c. Grammatical Feature Narrative Text
1. Tata bahasa: jenis kata relasional (“be” dan “have”).
Fungsi-fungsi sosial dan tata bahasa serta kosa kata yang terkait dalam teks
Naratif adalah sebagai berikut:
1. Describing characteristics, appearance: adjectives
2. Expressing time: in the beginning, one day, soon.
3 .Expressing sequence: firstly, secondly, next, after, before.
4. Expressing cause and effect: so, therefore.
Ciri lain yang penting untuk teks Naratif adalah:
1. Penggunaan direct speech
2. Ilustrasi untuk mendukung teks.
Let's Read This Narrative Story !
(You can try to retell this story in front of the class)
This is another beautiful story of narrative text. The story is about an ugly duckling
which fights for his right, to be accepted and loved. The moral value can be "Neverjudge
others by their appearances".
The Ugly Duckling
One upon time, a mother duck sat on her eggs. She felt
tired of sitting on them. She just wished the eggs would break
out.
Several days later, she got her wish. The eggs cracked and
some cute little ducklings appeared. "Peep, peep" the little
ducklings cried. "Quack, quack" their mother greeted in return.
However the largest egg had not cracked. The mother duck sat on it for several days.
Finally, it cracked and a huge ugly duckling waddled
out. The mother duck looked at him in surprise. He was so
big and very gray. He didn't look like the others at all. He
was like a turkey When the mother duck brought the children
to the pond for their first swimming lesson. The huge grey
duckling splashed and paddled about just as nicely as the
other ducklings did. "That is not a turkey chick. He is my very own son and quite
handsome" the mother said proudly. However, the other animals didn't agree. They
hissed and made fun of him day by day. Even his own
sisters and brothers were very unkind.
"You are very ugly" they quacked. The little poor
duckling was very unhappy. "I wish I looked like
them" he thought to himself. One day, the ugly
duckling run away and hid in the bushes. The sad duckling lived alone through the cold
and snow winter.
Finally the spring flowers began to bloom.
While he was swimming in the pond, he saw three
large white swans swimming toward him. "Oh, dear.
these beautiful birds will laugh and peck me too" he
said to himself. But the swans did not attack him.
Instead, they swam around him and stroked him
with their bills. As the ugly duckling bent his neck to speak to them, he saw his reflection
in the water. He could not believe his eyes. "I am not an ugly duckling but a beautiful
swam" he exclaimed. He was very happy. From that day on, he swam and played with
his new friends and was happier than he had never been.