Subnetting: Questions with Detailed Answers
### Example 1: Subnetting a Class C Network
**Question:**
You have been given the network [Link]/24. You need to divide it into 6 subnets. Find:
1. The new subnet mask.
2. The number of hosts per subnet.
3. The subnet ranges (network address, usable range, and broadcast address).
**Solution:**
#### Step 1: Determine the New Subnet Mask
- **Original CIDR:** /24 (default subnet mask: [Link]).
- **Number of Subnets Needed:** 6.
- Formula: 2^n >= Number of Subnets.
- 2^3 = 8 (satisfies the requirement).
- **Borrowed Bits (n): 3**.
**New Subnet Mask:**
- Add borrowed bits to the original prefix:
/24 + 3 = /27.
- In dotted-decimal: [Link].
#### Step 2: Calculate the Number of Hosts per Subnet
- Formula: 2^{remaining bits} - 2.
- Remaining bits in the host portion: 32 - 27 = 5.
- 2^5 - 2 = 30.
- **Hosts per Subnet:** 30.
#### Step 3: Calculate Subnet Ranges
- The block size (increment) is determined by the last borrowed bit:
- Block Size = 256 - value of the subnet mask in the third octet.
- 256 - 224 = 32.
**Subnet Ranges:**
1. Subnet 1:
- Network Address: [Link]
- Usable Range: [Link] to [Link]
- Broadcast Address: [Link]
2. Subnet 2:
- Network Address: [Link]
- Usable Range: [Link] to [Link]
- Broadcast Address: [Link]
3. Subnet 3:
- Network Address: [Link]
- Usable Range: [Link] to [Link]
- Broadcast Address: [Link]
4. Subnet 4:
- Network Address: [Link]
- Usable Range: [Link] to [Link]
- Broadcast Address: [Link]
5. Subnet 5:
- Network Address: [Link]
- Usable Range: [Link] to [Link]
- Broadcast Address: [Link]
6. Subnet 6:
- Network Address: [Link]
- Usable Range: [Link] to [Link]
- Broadcast Address: [Link]
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### Example 2: Subnetting a Class B Network
**Question:**
You have been given the network [Link]/16. You need to divide it into 8 subnets. Find:
1. The new subnet mask.
2. The number of hosts per subnet.
3. The subnet ranges (network address, usable range, and broadcast address).
**Solution:**
#### Step 1: Determine the New Subnet Mask
- **Original CIDR:** /16 (default subnet mask: [Link]).
- **Number of Subnets Needed:** 8.
- Formula: 2^n >= Number of Subnets.
- 2^3 = 8 (satisfies the requirement).
- **Borrowed Bits (n): 3**.
**New Subnet Mask:**
- Add borrowed bits to the original prefix:
/16 + 3 = /19.
- In dotted-decimal: [Link].
#### Step 2: Calculate the Number of Hosts per Subnet
- Formula: 2^{remaining bits} - 2.
- Remaining bits in the host portion: 32 - 19 = 13.
- 2^{13} - 2 = 8192 - 2 = 8190.
- **Hosts per Subnet:** 8190.
#### Step 3: Calculate Subnet Ranges
- The block size (increment) is determined by the last borrowed bit:
- Block Size = 256 - value of the subnet mask in the third octet.
- 256 - 224 = 32.
**Subnet Ranges:**
1. Subnet 1:
- Network Address: [Link]
- Usable Range: [Link] to [Link]
- Broadcast Address: [Link]
2. Subnet 2:
- Network Address: [Link]
- Usable Range: [Link] to [Link]
- Broadcast Address: [Link]
3. Subnet 3:
- Network Address: [Link]
- Usable Range: [Link] to [Link]
- Broadcast Address: [Link]
4. Subnet 4:
- Network Address: [Link]
- Usable Range: [Link] to [Link]
- Broadcast Address: [Link]
5. Subnet 5:
- Network Address: [Link]
- Usable Range: [Link] to [Link]
- Broadcast Address: [Link]
6. Subnet 6:
- Network Address: [Link]
- Usable Range: [Link] to [Link]
- Broadcast Address: [Link]
7. Subnet 7:
- Network Address: [Link]
- Usable Range: [Link] to [Link]
- Broadcast Address: [Link]
8. Subnet 8:
- Network Address: [Link]
- Usable Range: [Link] to [Link]
- Broadcast Address: [Link]
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This process applies to any network size. Adjust the calculations based on the given requirements.