A LEVEL PHYSICS PRACTICALS QUESTIONS

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PREPARED BY: SIR. HASSAN MKALI

TEL: +255 658 612 305

PHYSICS DEPARTMENT
80 + PRACTICAL QUESTIONS
➢ MECHANICS: 35 QUESTIONS
➢ HEAT: 18 QUESTIONS
➢ CURRENT ELECTRICITY: 27 QUESTIONS

STUDENT’S NAME: ……………………………………………..……..……………COMB……….……

Brother Hassan 0658 612 305/0788 442 701 1
A LEVEL PHYSICS PRACTICALS QUESTIONS

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A LEVEL PHYSICS PRACTICALS QUESTIONS

Do not copy this document by photocopy, printing,

scanning, re-writing or any means without permission
from the Author Sir. Hassan Mkali (Brother)

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PREFACE
This pamphlet ADVANCED LEVEL PRACTICAL PHYSICS is well prepared by Sir.
Hassan Mkali (BROTHER HASSAN) in a simplified manner so that, it’s arranged “from
simplest to complex” questions based on the new NECTA FORMAT. This gives a student
the motivation on performing the questions “step by step”.
Chapter One contains MECHANICS questions, Chapter Two contains HEAT questions and
Chapter Three contains CURRENT ELECTRICITY questions without answers. You have
to practice your selves by applying the taught concepts from you teacher. For any challenge
you will communicate with Brother Hassan 0658 612 305/0788 442 701.

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AKNOWLEDGEMENTS
First of ALL, I would like to thank for the God of the World to give me the power, effort and
confidence of preparing this pamphlet for advanced level students. Secondly, I would like to
thank my family to support me on each step upon its completion by providing a good advice
and prays on this work.
Also, thank you my students from MADUNGU SECONDARY SCHOOL by your full
cooperation, God Bless you the best results and by his power, you will success in all your lives
and your families.
The special thanks are to be given to TEACHERS from MADUNGU SECONDARY
SCHOOL especially PHYSICS DEPARTMENT guided by Mr. Kassim Khamis Moh’d
and all other teachers including HASSANAT SAID S’MAN (BI HASSANAT), MAALIM
ABDUL-AZIZ without forgetting a big supporter (Teacher Engineer ALEY MASSOUD)
as well as strong academic team for their good academic facilities like Computers and
internet access. I’m very appreciated to Mr. RASHID MZEE the Head master of Madungu
Secondary School on strong foundation of academic excellence under the good effort of our
SCHOOL BLESSED ENGENEER (Mr. Massoud) may GOD bless you the good success in
all of your lives.
Finally, I would like to advice my all students that, Practicals are very important in your
performance. Be serious, manage you time, be confident, practice severally, never give up,
ask for your challenges and pray for your God, and by his power you will widely success.
GOD BLESS YOU!

Brother Hassan 0658 612 305/0788 442 701 5

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TABLE OF CONTENTS:
PREFACE…………………………………………………………………….………………4
AKNOWLEDGEMENT……………………………………………………….…………….5
GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS………………………………………………………………9
CHAPTER ONE: MECHANICS……...……………………………………………………7
CHAPTER ONE: HEAT………………….……………………………………………......40
CHAPTER ONE: CURRENT ELECTRICITY………………………………………......55

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GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS
Physics practicals require pre–knowledge skills in order to master them effectively.
The following are the pre–knowledge skills required before performing Physics experiments.
1. Theory about that experiment to be performed.

2. The self-apparatus (items) required such as a ruler, pencil, graph book, and other
mathematical instruments.

3. The instructions about laboratory room used for physics experiments (physics lab).
These instructions are important for both inside and outside the room including
laboratory rules and arrangement of the apparatii in the laboratory. That is;
• Instructions before experiment.
• Instructions during experiment.
• Instructions after experiment.

4. Steps to be followed during performing experiment.

A student should follow the following steps in performing Physics experiments.
These can help also in case of time management.

(i) Study a question carefully.

This step helps a student to understand the kind of experiment to be
performed and identifying apparatii used for that kind of experiment.
So, can this step help a student in case of time management? Yes, this step
can help a student to manage a time of doing an experiment because, after
knowing the items to be used in that kind of experiment a student will insure
that, all items are there and are very active in working. If someone observed one
of the items is not prepared or isn’t active, he/she will call for his / her teacher
(supervisor) for the help about that lost item.

(ii) Follow the provided procedure for the given experiment.

This step helps a student to collect experimental data effectively.

(iii) Draw a table of results and record the readings.

You have to draw the table of results for variables found including the
symbols of the quantities and appropriate units and record all actual
observations in the table.
NOTE:
1. Always record your measurements in columns and not in rows. All
quantities (parameters) in the table of results must contain their
appropriate units.
2. A student is expected to change/turn/convert the readings into a suitable
form where necessary as intended in the practical work.
3. Some of the values recorded in the table are not from your observations
through your experimental apparatii. These can only be determined by
calculations such as using a formula or reciprocating the variables (e.g.
1/current or T2).
4. Approximations can be applied whenever necessary.

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• If the number to be recorded is in more than three decimal places, just approximate it
into only three (or two) decimal places. (It is best to write all variable in that column in
the same number of decimal places such as, 1.023, 1.243, 2.120, 4.000 etc.).

• If the number is very small or very large, just record it in a standard form (exponential
form).

For example;
TABLE OF RESULTS:
S/N RESISTANCE, R (Ω) POTENTIAL CURRENT, 𝟏 𝟏 −𝟏
(𝐕 −𝟏 ) (𝐀 )
DIFFERENCE, V I (A) 𝐕 𝐈
(V)
1. 1 1.50 1.50 0.67 0.67
2. 2 2.00 1.00 0.50 1.00

3. 3 2.25 0.75 0.44 1.33

4. 4 2.40 0.60 0.42 1.67
5. 5 2.50 0.50 0.40 2.00

(iv) Plot a graph (whenever required).

In plotting the graph, you must follow the following steps.
a) Write a title of the graph.
A title should follow the three necessary rules.
➢ Capital letters (C): The title must be written by capital letters.
➢ Centre (C): The title also must be written at the centre of your graph paper
(centralized).
➢ Underline (U): The title of the graph also must be underlined.
SHORTLY, the good title must follow CCU rules.
Hints:
❖ The title must include the appropriate units for both vertical and horizontal axis. If the
variable has no unit such as sine or cosine of angle and logarithm, the title also will
contain the word (UNIT) after a variable.
For example;
THE GRAPH OF Sin r (UNIT) AGAINST Sin i (UNIT).

❖ The title must be written by starting with vertical axis followed by horizontal axis.

b) Determine the scale of a graph.

The scale of the graph depends on the data collected (recorded). In order to get the scale of
a graph, use the following formula.
𝒍𝒂𝒓𝒈𝒆𝒔𝒕 𝒅𝒂𝒕𝒂
Scale = 𝒏𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒍𝒊𝒏𝒆𝒔 𝒖𝒔𝒆𝒅

*This is used for both vertical and horizontal axis.

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The scale must follow the following steps.

➢ It must be written just below the heading/title at a right corner of your graph paper.
➢ It must be written by starting with vertical scale followed by horizontal scale.
➢ It must be represented by using 1 square (1cm) ratio.
➢ It must be balanced in the whole of your graph paper.
➢ The word scale, vertical scale and horizontal scale must be in capital letters but the
remaining must be in small letters.
Example of writing the scale;
VERTICAL SCALE: 1cm represents 0.05V
HORIZONTAL SCALE: 1cm represents 0.02A

NOTE:
Avoid using;
1cm rep. 0.05V, 1cm = 0.05V, 1cm: 0.05V, 1cm → 0.05V or 1cm ≡ 0.05V.

c) Determination of the nature of the graph before drawing the margin lines.
Most of the ordinary level physics graphs are straight lines. But all of them are of the six
main types.
1. y = mx
• The nature of this graph is straight line passing through the origin with
positive (+) slope.
Example.
y–axis

x-axis

2. y = -mx

• The nature of this graph is straight line passing through the origin with
negative (-) slope.
Example;

y–axis

x-axis

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3. y = mx + c

• The nature of this graph is straight line passing through a positive intercept
with a positive slope.
Example;

y-axis

x-axis

4. y = mx – c
• The nature of this graph is straight line passing through a negative intercept
with positive slope.

Example;
y-axis

x-axis

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5. y = -mx +c
• The nature of this graph is straight line passing through a positive intercept
with negative slope.
Example;
y-axis

x-axis

6. y = -mx - c
• The nature of this graph is straight line passing through a positive intercept
with negative slope.

Example;
y-axis

x-axis

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d) Draw a margin lines (vertical axis and horizontal axis). After drawing the margin
lines, you will use the scale to write the numbers after every two squares
(centimeters)
Example:
y-axis

x-axis

NOTE:
The nature of the graph is always being determined first before plotting the graph. You can
determine the nature of the graph by using only three ways;
i. The nature of the equation given or derived from the question.
ii. From to the theory of a particular topic. i.e. the relationship between the two
variables. (Sometimes after knowing the aim of an experiment).

e) Introduce your data into your graph (locate/transfer your points from the table of
results into your graph). The point must be located by using a dot with a circle ○ or
cross +.
To determine the position at where the point is to be located in
your graph, use the following formula:

𝒅𝒂𝒕𝒂
Point (location) = 𝒔𝒄𝒂𝒍𝒆 𝒖𝒔𝒆𝒅

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f) Draw the best line (line of the best fit)

✓ By definition, the line of the best fit is the line passing through most of the points
about which the points on the straight line are most evenly spaced.

y-axis

x-axis

g) Determination of slope (whenever required).

❖ After plotting the graph, you are supposed to find the slope (gradient) of the graph. To
determine the slope, use the following formula.

𝒄𝒉𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒆 𝒊𝒏 𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒕𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒍 𝒄𝒉𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒆 𝒊𝒏 𝒚

Slope = 𝒄𝒉𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒆 𝒊𝒏 𝒉𝒐𝒓𝒊𝒛𝒐𝒏𝒕𝒂𝒍 or = 𝒄𝒉𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒆 𝒊𝒏 𝒙

∆𝒚
Slope = ∆𝒙

𝒚 −𝒚
Slope = 𝒙𝟐 −𝒙𝟏 (insert the values)
𝟐 𝟏

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LOCATION OF A SLOPE IN THE STRAIGHT-LINE GRAPH

A slope is located in a graph by using a right-angled triangle.
For example:

y-axis

y2 (x2,y2)

∆𝑦
y1 (x1,y1)
∆𝑥

x1 x2 x-axis

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E XAMPLE OF A GOOD GRAPH

THE GRAPH OF VOLTAGE,V(V) AGAINST CURRENT,I(A)

SCALE:
VERTICAL: 1cm represents 0.1V
HORIZONTAL: 1cm represents 0.05A
V(V)

1.8

1.6

1.4 (X2, Y2)

1.2

1.0
∆𝒚
0.8
(X2, Y2)
0.6
∆𝒙
0.4

0.2

0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9

CURRENT, I (A)

Summary:
The straight line graph (linear graph) has six components on drawing.
1. TITLE/HEADING - Vertical axis
2. SCALE - Horizontal axis
- Vertical scale 4. POINT TRANSFER
- Horizontal scale 5. BEST FIT LINE/BEST LINE
3. AXES 6. SLOPE INDICATION.

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EXPERIMENT NO 01
You are required to investigate the variation of length L of a thread with its periodic time.
Proceed as follows:
(a) Tie a thread to the given pendulum bob in such a way that the length L= 100cm as shown
below.

(b) Displace the pendulum bob through a small angle then release it so that it swings in to
and fro motion with small amplitude. Measure and record the time ‘t’ for 10 complete
oscillations, and hence determine the periodic time ‘T’.
(c) Repeat the procedures in 1(b) by reducing the length ‘L’ by 20cm until you obtain a total
of 5 readings.
Questions:

(i) Use the dimension analysis to find the value of “n” from the equation 𝐿 = 𝐾𝑇𝑛, where
unit of K is in cms-2.
(ii) (ii) Tabulate the results in (b) and (c) including the column for the value of 𝑇𝑛.
(iii)(iii) Use the equation in (c), (i) and the results obtained in (c) (ii) above to determine
the value of K graphically.
𝑔
(iv) Compute the value of C given that 𝐶 = 𝐾.
(v) Acceleration due to gravity ‘g’ is said to be useful in daily life. Identify any two (2)
applications of acceleration due to gravity.

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EXPERIMENT NO 02
You are provided with a metre rule, pendulum bob, retort stand with accessories, a stopwatch
and a cotton thread.
Proceed as follows:
(a) Tie a thread to the given pendulum bob in such a way that a length L = 100 cm from the
fixed point to the centre of the pendulum bob.
(b) Switch the pendulum and measure the time, t for 20 complete oscillations of small
amplitude.
(c) Calculate the periodic time T for the oscillation.
(d) Repeat the procedures (a), (b) and (c) for the value of length L = 80 cm, 50 cm, 20 cm
and 15 cm to obtain other four readings.
Questions
(i) Tabulate your results.
(ii) Draw the diagram to show the experimental setup.
(iii) Assuming that 𝑻 = 𝒌𝑳𝒏, use the data obtained in part (d) create a theory which can
be used to determine the value n and the constant k graphically.
(iv) Prepare a suitable table of results and then plot a suitable graph from the theory
created in part (i).
(v) Calculate the value of n and the constant k.

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EXPERIMENT NO 03
The aim of this experiment was to investigate the variation of length, L of the thread with the
periodic time, T of simple pendulum.
Proceed as follows:
(a) Set up the apparatus as shown in Figure below.

(b) Displace the pendulum through a small angle then release it so that it moves to and fro
motion with small amplitudes. Measure and record the time, t for 10 complete oscillations
and hence determine its periodic time T.
(c) Repeat the procedure in 1 (b) for the values of L = 80 cm, 50 cm, 40 cm and 15 cm.

Questions
(i) Use the dimensional analysis to find the value of n from the equation, L= kTn; where
k is in cms-1.
(ii) Tabulate the results obtained in 1 (b) and (c) including the value of Tn.
(iii)Use the equation in 1 (i) and the results obtained in (ii) to determine the value of k
graphically.
𝑔
(iv) Compute the value of C, given that 𝐶 = 𝑘 where g is the acceleration due to gravity.
(v) Determine the deviation of value of C (ΔC) from the true value.
(vi) Calculate the percentage error in performing this experiment.

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EXPERIMENT NO 04
The aim of this experiment was to determine the acceleration due to gravity, g by simple
pendulum.
(a) Set up the apparatus as shown in Figure below.

(b) Set the pendulum to oscillate through a small angle and record the time for 30
complete oscillations, hence determine its periodic time T.
(c) Repeat the procedure in 1 (b) for the values of L = 0.9 m, 0.8 m, 0.7 m, 0.6 m and 0.5
m.

Questions:
(i) Tabulate your results including the value of T2.
(ii) Plot the graph of L against T2.
(iii) Deduce the slope of the graph.
(iv) Determine the acceleration due to gravity, g.

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EXPERIMENT NO 05
You are provided with a pendulum bob, a thread, a stopwatch, a metre rule, a retort-stand and
a pair of corks.
Proceed as follows:
(a) Attach a piece of thread of 110 cm long to the pendulum bob. Make a knot at a distance
of about 8 cm from the point of attachment of the bob. Set up the apparatus as shown in
Figure below.

(b) Adjust the length, a = 92 cm from the knot to the fixed point. Set the bob to oscillate
through a small angle and determine time, t for 10 complete oscillations and its periodic
time, T.
(c) Repeat the procedure in (b) for values of length, a = 82 cm, 72 cm, 62 cm, 52 cm, 42 cm
and 32 cm.
Questions
(i) Tabulate the results including the values of T2.
(ii) Plot a graph of T2 against a.
(iii) Use your graph in (ii) to compute the value of the acceleration due to gravity.
(iv) Suggest the aim of the experiment.

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EXPERIMENT NO 06
A form five student needs to learn about a gravitational pull of the earth, teacher assigned you
as his friend to help him through experiment using the following setup provided and
procedures

Suspend the pendulum bob as shown in figure, Measure the length L= 100 cm of the thread.
Displace the bob through a small angle and allow it to perform oscillations in a vertical plane.
Read and record the time t1 for 20 complete oscillations. Calculate the period, T1 and T12,
Shorten the length of the thread by a length x = 10 cm, Displace the bob and record the time
t2, for 20 complete oscillations. Calculate the period T₂ and T₂2. Repeat procedure above for
x= 20 cm,30cm,40cm, and 50 cm.
Questions
(a) Tabulate your results in a suitable table.
(b) Plot a graph of T12 -T22 against x.
(c) Determine the slope, (m) of your graph.
(d) How is T12 -T22 related to x?
(e) Determine the acceleration due to gravity, g.
(f) Comment on the purpose of doing this experiment.
(g) State any two sources of errors and precautions taken.

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EXPERIMENT NO 07
You are provided with a retort stand, a thread, a pendulum bob, cork pads, stopwatch and a
metre rule.
Proceed as follows:
(a) Set the length of the given string and its pendulum bob to have 50cm from the point
of suspension as shown in figure below. The pendulum bob must be just above the
surface of the table to allow swinging of the bob for ℎ = 1cm.

(b) Displace a bob in a small angle and then release it to initiate free oscillations.
(c) Using stopwatch provided, measure and record the time t for 20 oscillations.
(d) Repeat the procedures above, using h =10cm, 20cm, 30cm, and 40cm. Record the
corresponding time t taken for 20 oscillations for each value of h.

Questions
(i) Tabulate your results.
(ii) Derive the relation that governs this experiment.
(iii) Plot a graph of h against t2.
(iv) Determine the slope S of your graph
(v) Record the vertical intercept of your graph.
(vi) State the physical meaning of the answer obtained in part (v) above.
(vii) Calculate the value of 𝑄 given that: Q = −4𝜋2𝑛2𝑠.
(viii) What is the physical meaning of Q.

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EXPERIMENT NO 08
The aim of this experiment is to determine the acceleration due to gravity (g) and the
percentage error.
(a) Tie a thread to a given pendulum bob. Make a knot 10cm from the centre of a bob and
call this distance as bo and the distance from a knot to a point of suspension x = 20cm as
indicated in the figure below.

x Cotton thread
Retort
stand bo
Bob

(b) Displace the pendulum bob aside and then release it so that it swings to and fro with a
small amplitude vibration. Find the time t for 20 oscillations and hence determine the
periodic time T.
(c) Repeat the procedure in (a) and (b) above for the values of X equal to 30cm, 40cm, 50cm
and 60cm.
(a) Indicate the value of bo measured in part (a)
(ii) Tabulate your results including the value of (𝑥 − 10) 𝑐𝑚 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑇2
(iii)Plot the graph of T2 against (x – 10) cm.
(iv) Determine the slope of the graph and use it to determine the acceleration g due to
gravity.
(v) Record the value of (x – 10) cm intercept and state the physical significant of this
intercept, hence evaluate the value of bo from the graph.
(vi) Compare the value of bo obtained in (i) and that obtained in (v) above, hence calculate
the percentage error in this experiment.

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EXPERIMENT NO 09
In this experiment you are required to determine the acceleration due to gravity.
Proceed as follows:
(a) Suspend the perforated metre rule provided using a knife edge so that it balances
horizontally and hence mark the centre of mass G of the rule.
(b) Suspend the perforated metre rule using last hole from the centre of gravity on the peg
fixed on the stand so that it is free to swing in a vertical plane.
Measure the distance h from the point of suspension to the centre of mass G of the rule.
(c) Allow the rule to swing in the vertical plane with a small angle of deflection 𝜃 from the
vertical plane. Using a stopwatch or clock, measure the time the time for 20 complete
oscillation of the metre rule.
(d) Repeat the procedure in (b) and (c) using 4 holes at an interval of 0.1m.
(e) Tabulate your results as shown in the table below:
hole h (m) t (s) T (s) h2 (m2) T2h (s2m)

(f) (i) Plot a graph of h2 against T2h.

(ii) Calculate the slope S of the graph.
(i) Using the formula𝑔 = 4𝜋 2 𝑆, calculate the acceleration due to gravity.
(ii) From the graph, obtain the value of h2 when T2h is zero.

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EXPERIMENT NO 10
The aim of this experiment is to determine the acceleration due to gravity, g, by simple
pendulum.
Proceed as follow:
(a) Set up the apparatus as shown in Figure below.

Cock pads

Retort
stand
Cotton
H
thread

Bob
Bench
d

(b) Start with a distance d = 10cm from the floor to a bob, adjust the height H to 100cm and
displace the pendulum through a small angle making it move to and fro. Record the time t
in seconds for 10 complete oscillations and determine the periodic time T (s) for one
oscillation.
(c) Repeat the procedure in (b) using d = 20cm, 30cm, 40cm, 50cm and 60cm.

Questions.
(i) Tabulate your results including the values of T2.
(ii) Plot a graph of T2 against d.
(iii)Compute the acceleration due to gravity g from the equation:
𝑇 2
𝑑 = 𝐻 − 𝑔 (2𝜋)
(iv) What is the relationship between d-intercept and the height H?
(v) State any two possible sources of errors and its precautions.

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EXPERIMENT NO 11
You are provided with retort stand, pendulum bob, thread, a pair of cork pads and stop watch.
Arrange your apparatus as shown in the figure below Arrange your apparatus as shown in the
figure below,

PROCEDURES
(a) Measure and record the short distance between knot N and the center of the pendulum
bob B as b = 10 cm.
(b) Adjust distance x = 10 cm pull the pendulum bob aside and then release it that it
swings to and fro with a small amplitude vibration.
(c) Record time t for 20 complete oscillations and hence determine the periodic time T.
(d) Repeat the process (b) and (c) for value of x is equal to 20 cm, 40 cm, 50 cm, 70 cm
and 90 cm.
(e) Tabulate the values of values of 𝑥, t, 𝑇 and 𝑇

QUESTIONS
(a) Plot a graph T2 against 𝑥.
(b) From the graph;
(i) Find the slope of your graph.
(ii) Calculate the value of the acceleration due to gravity (g). Where 𝑥 and 𝑇 are
related by;
𝑔𝑇 2
𝑥 = 4𝜋2 − 𝑏.
(c) Calculate the percentage error of 𝑏 resulting from the difference between and the
true value of b and the experimental value when;
(i) b is obtained from the x axis intercept.
(ii) b is obtained from 𝑇2 intercept.
(d) Two intercept techniques employed in (c) above to obtain experimental value of b,
which one do you think is practically better? Why?

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 A LEVEL PHYSICS PRACTICALS QUESTIONS

EXPERIMENT NO 12
The aim of this experiment is to find the acceleration due to gravity g and ratio Q defined in
part (d) by using a simple pendulum.
Suspend the pendulum bob with its upper part of the string fixed on a retort clamp as shown
in figure below. Make a knot N at a distance of L = 10cm from the bob B, while X is the
distance between the point of suspension S to a knot N on the string.
Set X = 60cm and pull the bob aside at a small angle so that it can swing vertically.

Cock pads
S
Retort
stand X
String
N
10cm

Table B
(a) Record the time t for 30 oscillations of the pendulum bob.
(b) Repeat the above procedure for the values of X = 50cm, 40cm, 30cm, 20cm and 10cm
and record all the time t for each respective oscillation and calculate the period T.
Tabulate your results as shown below.
Length X (m) Time t for 30 osc (s) Period T (s) T2 (s2)
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1

(c) (i) Plot a graph of T2 against X.

(ii) Find the slope S of the graph.
(iii) From the graph, read and record the value of T2 when X = 0.
𝑇2
(d) Evaluate Q where 𝑄 = .
𝑆
4𝜋 2
(e)Find the acceleration due to gravity due to gravity g given that; 𝑔 = .
𝑆
(f) State all possible sources errors in this experiment and state the precautionary
measures that are to be taken in order to reduce the effect of those errors.

Brother Hassan 0658 612 305/0788 442 701 32

 A LEVEL PHYSICS PRACTICALS QUESTIONS

EXPERIMENT NO 13
You are required to determine the acceleration due to gravity (g) by means of simple
pendulum
Proceed as follows:

(a) Set the simple pendulum such that its length L is 100cm from the point of suspension to
the centre of the bob
(b) Set the bob oscillating through a small angle and record the time t(s) for 20 complete
oscillation
(c) Repeat procedures (a) – (b) above for values of L=80cm, 60cm, 40cm, and 20cm
(d) Tabulate your results.
(e) (i) Plot a graph of 𝑡2(𝑠2) against L (cm)
(ii) Determine the slope of your graph
(iii) Find the value of acceleration due to gravity (g).

Brother Hassan 0658 612 305/0788 442 701 33

 A LEVEL PHYSICS PRACTICALS QUESTIONS

EXPERIMENT NO 14
Proceed as follows:
(a) Suspend a pendulum bob from the length L equals to 0.90 m and displace it through a
small angle so that it swings parallel to the edge of the bench.
(b) Determine the time, t for 20 oscillations and the corresponding periodic time, T.
(c) Repeat the procedures in (a) and (b) above for the values of L = 0.70 m, 0.50 m, 0.30 m,
and 0.10 m.
Questions
(i) Record your readings in a table including the values of log10L and log10T.
(ii) Plot a graph of log10T against log10L.
(iii)Use the graph in 1 (ii) to resolve the values of constants n and k from the equation Ln =
Tk−1.
(iv) State the aim of this experiment.
(v) Mention any two sources of errors in this experiment.

Brother Hassan 0658 612 305/0788 442 701 34

 A LEVEL PHYSICS PRACTICALS QUESTIONS

EXPERIMENT NO 15
In this experiment you are required to determine the acceleration due to gravity at your
school.
Proceed as follows
(a) (i) Set up the apparatus as shown in figure below. By means of given thread, Suspend the
pendulum bob from a rigid support and measure the length of thread L = 100 cm from
point of suspension to the centre of the bob.

(ii) Displace the bob through small angle. Note and record the time t for twenty
oscillations and calculate time period T.
(iii) Repeat the procedure (i) to (ii) above for values of L = 90 cm, 80 cm, 70 cm, 60 cm
and 50 cm.

(b) Tabulate your results 𝐿(𝑚), 𝑡(𝑠), 𝑇(𝑠), log10 𝐿 and log10 𝑇
(c) (i) Plot the graph of log10 𝑇 against log10 𝐿.
(ii) From the graph, find the slopes
𝑇 −1
(d) If the relation governing the experiment is 1 = (𝐾𝐿𝑛 ) , determine the value of K.
(e) Determine the value of acceleration due to gravity given that 𝐾√𝑔 = 2𝜋.
(f) Determine two (2) sources of errors.

Brother Hassan 0658 612 305/0788 442 701 35

 A LEVEL PHYSICS PRACTICALS QUESTIONS

EXPERIMENT NO 16
You are provided with pendulum bob, retort stand, a piece of cotton thread, metre rule and
stopwatch.
Proceed as follows:
a) Setup the experiment as shown in figure below:

Brother Hassan 0658 612 305/0788 442 701 36

 A LEVEL PHYSICS PRACTICALS QUESTIONS

EXPERIMENT NO 17
You are required to perform this experiment as follows; -
(a) Arrange the apparatus as shown in figure then set a measuring cylinder as its base at the
centre of the bob and mark its top point on the thread as P.

(b) Remove the measuring cylinder then set a distance a = 10cm from P to the point of
suspension and switch the pendulum to measure the time, t for 20 complete oscillations of
small amplitude. Calculate the period T for the oscillation.
(c) Repeat the procedure (b) by setting the length a = 20cm, 30 cm, 50 cm and 60 cm to
obtain other four readings.
Questions
(i) Tabulate your results including the value of T2.
(ii) Plot a graph of T2 against a.
(iii)Show how you will determine the height of the measuring cylinder from the graph
plotted in (ii).
(iv) Determine the height of the measuring cylinder provided.

Brother Hassan 0658 612 305/0788 442 701 37

 A LEVEL PHYSICS PRACTICALS QUESTIONS

EXPERIMENT NO 18
You are provided with a pendulum bob, cotton thread, retort stand and its accessories,
stopwatch and metre rule.
Proceed as follows
(a) Set the height ho = 50cm from the bench to the point of suspension.
(b) Measure the height h = 5cm from the bench to the pendulum bob, then switch the
pendulum and measure the time, t for 30 complete oscillations of small amplitude.
(c) Calculate the periodic time T for one complete oscillation and hence determine T2.
(d) Repeat the procedures (b) and (c) by increasing the height h = 10cm, 20cm. 30 and 40cm
to obtain other four readings.

Questions
(i) Record the results in a tabular form.
(ii) Plot a graph of T2 against h.
(iii) Show clearly how you will determine the value of ho from the graph plotted in part (iii).
(iv) Determine the value of ho then find the percentage errors in your experiment.

Brother Hassan 0658 612 305/0788 442 701 38

 A LEVEL PHYSICS PRACTICALS QUESTIONS

EXPERIMENT NO 19
Proceed as follows:
(a) Tie up the given metal ring suspended from the retort stand, then tie a pendulum bob at
the lower position of the ring as shown in Figure below.

(b) Starting with the length L = 30 cm, displace the bob slightly sideway and then release it
in such a way that it oscillates in a horizontal plane. Determine the time, t for 20 complete
oscillations and the value of T.
(c) Repeat the procedure in 1 (a) and (b) for L = 40 cm, 50 cm, 60 cm and 70 cm in each
experiment and record the value of t and T.

Questions
(i) Tabulate the results of L, t, T, and T2.
(ii) Plot a graph of L (cm) against T2 (s2).
(iii)From the graph, read and record the value of L at T2 = 0.
(iv) What is the significance of the value obtained in 1(iii)?
(v) What is the aim of doing this experiment?

Brother Hassan 0658 612 305/0788 442 701 39

 A LEVEL PHYSICS PRACTICALS QUESTIONS

EXPERIMENT NO 20
The aim of this experiment is to investigate free oscillation of a pendulum as shown in figure
below

As fee pendulum oscillates, a stopper shortens fee effective length by 1 by amount d.

(a) Set up a pendulum of length approximately 80cm using the equipment provided.
(b) Mount the wooden rod horizontally (note: fee base of the retort stand can act as a
horizontally acts as a rod. So that it acts as a stopper about half way down the
pendulum. The stopper should just rich the string when the pendulum rest in a vertical
position.
(c) (i) Measure and record the value of d.
(ii) Gently displace the pendulum so that it performs small oscillation in a vertical plane
perpendicular to the stopper.
(ii) Make and record measurements to determine the period T for 20 oscillations.
(iii)Repeat steps (i) to (iii) above for five values) of d in the range d = 20cm to 60 cm.
𝑑
Include your table of results the values of 𝑇 .
𝑑
(iv) Justify the number of significant figures you have given for 𝑇
𝜋2 𝑑 √𝐿
(d) It is assumed that T are related by the formula T = - ( ) +2𝜋 𝑔 where g is the
𝑔 𝑇
acceleration of free fall.
𝑑
(i) Plot the graph of T against 𝑇 .
(ii) Determine gradient of the graph.
(iii)Calculate the value of g.
𝑑
(iv) From the graph find periodic time To when = 0.
𝑇
(v) State the three sources of errors and percussion given in your experiment.

Brother Hassan 0658 612 305/0788 442 701 40

 A LEVEL PHYSICS PRACTICALS QUESTIONS

EXPERIMENT NO 21
In this experiment you are required to determine the radius of gyration of a given wooden
disc and acceleration due to gravity g.
Proceed as follows:

(a) Suspend the bob through a hole nearest to the circumference of the disc then measure the
length of thread and displace the bob through a small angle, 𝜃. The disc should remain
pivoted through a hole at its centre as shown above.
(b) Release the bob so that the disc and the bob together perform oscillation in vertical plane
and parallel to the plane of the disc.
(c) Determine the period, T of oscillations of the system form twenty (20) oscillations,
(d) Repeat the procedure in (c) above for the values of and
(e) Tabulate your results.
(f) Pot the graph of against and draw the best line through the points
(g) From the graph in (f) above, determine the:
i) Slope, G of the graph in its SI Unit

Brother Hassan 0658 612 305/0788 442 701 41

 A LEVEL PHYSICS PRACTICALS QUESTIONS

EXPERIMENT NO 22
The aim of this experiment is to determine the acceleration due to gravity, g using a
pendulum.
Proceed as follows:
Clamp

Pendulum bob
(i) Tie a thread 𝐿 = 100 cm as shown above in such a way that, x = 80 cm from the point A
to B.
(ii) Place a bob at the mid-point and displace a bob through a small angle so as to oscillate
vertically to the plane for 20 complete oscillations and record the time taken.
(iii)Without changing the length L of the thread, repeat the procedure above for values of x =
70cm, 60cm, 50cm and 40cm.
(iv) Tabulate your results including the periodic time T, t, T4 and x2.
(v) Plot a graph of T4 (s4) against x2 (cm2).
(vi) Determine the slope of your graph.
(vii) Use slope of your graph to calculate the acceleration due to gravity.

Brother Hassan 0658 612 305/0788 442 701 42

 A LEVEL PHYSICS PRACTICALS QUESTIONS

EXPERIMENT NO 23
The aim of this experiment is to determine the acceleration due to gravity (g).
Proceeds as follows;

Metre rule

Thread loop
Clamp
Thread

S Bob

In figure above, PRQ is a thread of 80cm long with its centre at R. It is attached to thread
loops P and Q on a metre rule. The thread loops are tight but it can slide along the metre rule
when this is desired. The metre rule is clamped in such a way that its scale faces the observer.
Suspend a simple pendulum RS of length 20cm, slide the thread loops P and Q until the angle
PRQ (2𝜃) as measured by means of a protractor is 70o.
Displace the pendulum slightly so as to make it swing in a vertical plane perpendicular to the
plane containing the points P and Q. Begin with 2𝜃=70o, by increasing 20o interval, obtain
other four readings. Find the time (t) needed for the 20 oscillations of the pendulum for each
value of 2𝜃. Hence determine the periodic time (T) of oscillations.

(a) Tabulate your results of 𝜃, 2𝜃 , cos𝜃, t, T and T2.

(b) Plot a graph of T2 against cos𝜃 and hence determine its slope
(c) Assume that T2 = acos𝜃 + b, where a and b are constants, use your graph to determine a
and b and hence evaluate a/b.
(d) Measure the length K of the thread PRQ and the length M of the pendulum RS. Then
𝐾
determine the value of L from the relation; 𝐿 = 2𝐿𝑀.
(e) Comment briefly on your answers to part (c) and (d) above.
(f) Use the result for part (c) to determine acceleration due to gravity (g).

Brother Hassan 0658 612 305/0788 442 701 43

 A LEVEL PHYSICS PRACTICALS QUESTIONS

EXPERIMENT NO 24
The aim of this experiment is to determine the radius k of the given block of wood.
Proceed as follows

Set up apparatus as shown above. The length AG is the distance d measured from the center
of gravity G of the block.
Suspend the block of wood from a hole made at one end. With stop watch take the time t, for
10 small complete oscillations of the block and hence determine the periodic time T, for 6
holes.
(a) Tabulate your results of d (cm), t(sec), T, T2, T2d and d2.
(b) Plot a graph of T2d against d2 (both axes should start at (0, 0).
𝑑2 +𝑘 2
(c) The period T is given by 𝑇 = 2𝜋√ where k is a radius of gyration of the block. Use
𝑔𝑑
your graph and the equation above to determine;
(v) Acceleration due to gravity.
(vi) The radius of gyration k.
(d) State sources of errors and precautions taken in this experiment (Any three.)

Brother Hassan 0658 612 305/0788 442 701 44

A LEVEL PHYSICS PRACTICALS QUESTIONS

EXPERIMENT NO 25

Brother Hassan 0658 612 305/0788 442 701 45

 A LEVEL PHYSICS PRACTICALS QUESTIONS

EXPERIMENT NO 26
The aim of this experiment is to determine the value of acceleration due to gravity ‘g’ by
means of compound pendulum.
Proceed as follows:

(a) Set up the apparatus as shown in figure 1 where the wooden meter rule suspended by a
nail or thick pin through a hole nearest the line marked G. Use piece of wood or cork pads
to hold the nail or thick pin in the clamp. The holes in the wooden bar are drilled at 5cm
interval.
(b) Displace the bar through the small angle and find the time for 20 complete oscillations.
Change the point of suspension, so that the distance h is 10 cm as measured from G and
again find the time for 20 complete oscillations. Continue with this procedure until you
arrive at the hole nearest to the point marked A. Tabulate your results and include the
column for the periodic time, T.
(c) Plot the graph of T against h. The graph should be a smooth curve.
(d) Draw a horizontal tangent on the curve and use this to read the coordinates of the
minimum points on your graph. Record the coordinates as (hm, Tm).
8ℎ𝑚 𝜋 2
(e) Calculate the value of the acceleration due to gravity g using the relations; 𝑔 = .
𝑇𝑚 2
Give your answer in SI units.
(f) What would have been the periodic time t if a hole were drilled at G and used as a point
of suspension?

Brother Hassan 0658 612 305/0788 442 701 46

 A LEVEL PHYSICS PRACTICALS QUESTIONS

EXPERIMENT NO 27
The aim of this experiment is to determine the radius of gyration r of the square hard board
provided and the acceleration due to gravity.
Proceed as follows
(ii) Set up the apparatus shown in the figure.
(iii)Suspend the hardboard from a hole nearest to the centre of gravity G. Record the distance
d, which is the distance of the hole from G.

(iv) Using the stop watch provided, obtain the time t for 10 complete oscillations of the hard
board and hence calculate the periodic time T.
(v) Repeat the above procedures with 4 other values of d and obtain corresponding values of
T.
(a) Tabulate your results.
(b) Plot a graph of T2d (s2cm) against d2 (cm2), with both axes starting at the origin.
𝑑2 +𝑟 2
(c) Given that; 𝑇 = 2𝜋√ , determine;
𝑔𝑑
(i) Radius of gyration, r
(ii) Acceleration due to gravity, g.
(d) State sources of errors and three precautions taken in the experiment

Brother Hassan 0658 612 305/0788 442 701 47

 A LEVEL PHYSICS PRACTICALS QUESTIONS

EXPERIMENT NO 28
The aim of this experiment is to determine the acceleration due to gravity, g by using a given
circular disc. Proceed as follows:
(a) By the aid of plumb-line find the center of gravity G of a circular disc.
(b) (i) Suspend the disc using the furthest hole from G and measure a distance h from G to
the point of suspension.

(ii) Allow the disc to swing in a vertical with a small angle of deflection θ.
Using a stop watch, record the time t for 10 oscillations, hence record h and the period
T.
(iii) Repeat part (b) (i) and (ii) above using all of the remaining holes in the disc and
record the data in a suitable table.
(c) (i) Plot a graph of the period T against h.
(ii) From your graph obtain a minimum period, Tmin with its corresponding h0.
2ℎ0
(iii) Given that, 𝑇𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 2𝜋√ , determine the acceleration due to gravity.
𝑔

(iv) State any source of error and precautions taken.

Brother Hassan 0658 612 305/0788 442 701 48

 A LEVEL PHYSICS PRACTICALS QUESTIONS

EXPERIMENT NO 29
The aim of this experiment is to determine the radius of gyration of a solid spherical ball
about an axis through its center.
Proceed as follows:

Wooden bar

(a) (i) Place nine (9) wooden blocks of dimensions 5cm × 3cm × 1cm one on top of the other
so that the total height is 9cm.
(ii) Place a wooden bar of length 120cm so that it makes an inclination as shown in figure
above. The wooden bar should have a track made at its center to enable the ball to roll.
(iii) With L = 110cm. Start the ball from rest at M and measure the time, t taken to reach
the bottom at N. Repeat these three times.
(b) Repeat the procedure in (a) above by removing (6) blocks one at a time, in order to obtain
a total of six readings.
Tabulate your result as follows:

(c) Using a micrometer screw gauge, measure the mean diameter, d of the ball and hence
calculate its mean radius, r in centimeters.
(d) Plot a graph of acceleration, “a” against “sin θ”.
(e) Calculate the slope S of your graph.

(g) State any two sources of error in this experiment.

(vi)

Brother Hassan 0658 612 305/0788 442 701 49

 A LEVEL PHYSICS PRACTICALS QUESTIONS

EXPERIMENT NO 30
You are provided with a metre rule retort stands with accessories, a stopwatch, half metre
rule and threads.
Proceed as follows:
(a) Tie the ends of half metre rule by two equal threads each about 80cm long.
(b) Using the two threads, suspend the half metre rule from the top of the clamp about 50cm
apart. Let the two threads be parallel from each other and the rule is exactly horizontal.
(c) Record the actual distance L between the threads along the half metre rule.
(d) Displace the ends of the rule sideways and in opposite direction through a small angle
and let it swing horizontally.
(e) Determine the time for 15 complete oscillations and hence find the period T.
(f) Repeat procedures in part (c), (d) and (e) by keeping the lengths of the threads constant
and the distance between the clamps unchanged, decrease the separation L at an interval
of 5cm at each side of the mid-point of the rule to obtain four readings.
(g) Assuming that T α Ln use a suitable graph of the relationship between T and L to
determine
(iii)The value of n
(iv) The constant of proportionality.

Brother Hassan 0658 612 305/0788 442 701 50

 A LEVEL PHYSICS PRACTICALS QUESTIONS

EXPERIMENT NO 31
Proceed as follows
(a) Set up the apparatus as shown in the following figure with the length of threads L=
[Link] flat side of the ruler with a scale must be horizontal.

(b) Set the threads very near to the ends; such that, distance d is 50 cm. Displace the ends of
the ruler through a small angle along the horizontal plane so that it swings. Determine the
time, t for 20 complete oscillations and the corresponding periodic time, T. Also record
the distance d between the threads.
(c) Without removing the retort stands, adjust the threads 5cm from each end to make the
distance d = 40cm, then repeat the procedure in (b). Continue moving the threads from
each end by 5cm to obtain a total of five readings.

Questions
1
(i) Tabulate the values of d (m), t (s), T (s) and 𝑑 (m-1).
1
(ii) Plot a graph of T(s) against 𝑑 (m-1).
0.31𝜋 𝐿3
(iii)Use the graph in 1 (ii) and the equation, 𝑑 = √ + Constant, determine the
𝑇 𝑔
value of acceleration due to gravity, g.

Brother Hassan 0658 612 305/0788 442 701 51

A LEVEL PHYSICS PRACTICALS QUESTIONS

EXPERIMENT NO 32
(a) Measure the length of the wire L= 90cm and suspend the pendulum bob as shown in
figure below.

(b) Twist the bob in a small angular displacement so as to give the wire a shear strain and
release it. Record the time for 20 vibrations hence determine the periodic time T(s)
(c) (i) Repeat procedure in (b) above for L= 80cm, 70cm, 60cm, 50cm and 40cm.
(ii) Tabulate your results for L (m), t(s) and T2 (s2)
(d) Measure mass M and radius r of the bob using the micrometer screw gauge provided.
(e) (i) Plot a graph of T2 against L and
8𝜋𝐼𝐿
(ii) Find the slope. Given that T2 = where I = 0.4mr2, a= radius of wire. Determine
ɳ𝑎2
coefficient of rigidity.
(f) State two sources of error.

Brother Hassan 0658 612 305/0788 442 701 52

 A LEVEL PHYSICS PRACTICALS QUESTIONS

EXPERIMENT NO 33
Suppose the weighing balance at your school is not working properly and you are required to
determine the mass of an empty glass beaker.
Proceed as follows:
(a) Use the masking tape to firmly wrap the thread on the beaker and suspend it to the lower
end of the spring as shown in figure below where an optical pin is bent into ‘S’ shape.

(b) Measure volume, V = 25 cm3 of water and poor it into the suspended beaker. Gently pull
the beaker a distance downward and release it so that it performs vertical oscillations.
Measure and record time t (s) for 30 oscillations and determine its periodic time, T.
(c) Repeat procedures in (b) for V = 60 cm3, 100cm3, 150cm3 and 200cm3.

Questions:
(i) Tabulate your results including values of T2 (s2).
(ii) Plot a graph of V (cm3) against T2 (s2).
(iii) Establish the equation governing this experiment.
(iv) Use the graph and the equation obtained in (iii) to determine the mass of an empty glass
beaker.
(v) What will happen to the floating object if it is put in oscillating beaker being at the
bottom position of its oscillation? Briefly explain.

Brother Hassan 0658 612 305/0788 442 701 53

 A LEVEL PHYSICS PRACTICALS QUESTIONS

EXPERIMENT NO 34
The aim of this experiment is to determine the mass of beaker labeled B and spring constant
K
(a) Carefully and firmly tie the beaker provided with the string around its rim so that a loop is
formed for hooking the spring. Suspend the spring with the beaker to the retort stand.
(b) Use the measuring cylinder to measure volume (v) 50cm3 of water and carefully pour it
into the suspended beaker.
(c) Displace the beaker with its content suspended from the spring to a small displacement
and let it to oscillate vertically. Record the time for 20 complete oscillations.
(d) Repeat the procedures (b) and (c) above for v = 100cm3, 150cm3, 200cm3, 250cm3.
Questions
(i) Record all your results in a suitable table including the values of volume v(cm3), time
t(s), time period T(s) and T2(s2).
(ii) Plot a graph of T2 against volume (v).
(iii) Determine the slope S of the graph.
(iv) Derive the equation governing the experiment.
(v) Use the graph and the equation to determine the spring constant (K) and mass (mb) of
the beaker provided. Ignore the mass of the spring.
(vi) Mention any two sources of error in this experiment.

Brother Hassan 0658 612 305/0788 442 701 54

 A LEVEL PHYSICS PRACTICALS QUESTIONS

EXPERIMENT NO 35
Given the illustration below:

Determine C= the balancing point of a meter rule without any mass handed on it.
(b) Set the apparatus as shown above.
(c) Determine the balancing point when 20g is at 5cm from end x.
(d) Repeat the procedure when ℓ =10cm, 15cm, 20cm, 25cm,30cm and 40cm then tabulate
your results.
(e) Draw the graph of 20(𝑑 − ℓ) gcm against (c-d) cm
(f) Determine the slope S of your graph.
(g) Determine the mass of a rule in kg.
(h) Measure the length, width and breadth of your rule and then calculate the volume.
(i) Determine the density of the rule (ρ)

Brother Hassan 0658 612 305/0788 442 701 55

A LEVEL PHYSICS PRACTICALS QUESTIONS

Brother Hassan 0658 612 305/0788 442 701 56

A LEVEL PHYSICS PRACTICALS QUESTIONS

Brother Hassan 0658 612 305/0788 442 701 57

 A LEVEL PHYSICS PRACTICALS QUESTIONS

EXPERIMENT NO 01
In this experiment you are required to investigate the relationship between the rate of loss of
heat from a 250ml beaker and the excess temperature over the surrounding under forced
convections.
Proceed as follows:

(a) Read and record the room temperature just before you begin this experiment 𝜃𝑖.
(b) Place the 250 ml beaker on a wooden base, pour 200ml of water which have been
heated to about 850c and observe the temperature change for every two minutes
intervals, starting with 800c at 𝑡 = 0, stir gently by using stirrer and take the readings for
a duration of 14 minutes.

(c) Read and record the final room temperature 𝜃𝑓 and calculate the average room
temperature 𝜃𝑎𝑣.
(d) Tabulate your results.
(e) Plot the graph of log (𝜃 − 𝜃𝑎𝑣) = −𝑘𝑡 + 𝐶.
(f) Use your graph and the equation log (𝜃 − 𝜃𝑎𝑣) = −𝑘𝑡 + 𝑐. Find the value of k and C.
(g) State the physical meaning of k and C.

Brother Hassan 0658 612 305/0788 442 701 58

 A LEVEL PHYSICS PRACTICALS QUESTIONS

EXPERIMENT NO 02
You are provided with calorimeter 250mls beaker thermometer, lid, cold water, hot water and
measuring cylinder.
Proceed as follows:
(a) Put a cold water of 100mls into a calorimeter then measure and record its temperature as
θc .
(b) Put hot water of 100mls into a beaker; insert a calorimeter with its cold water into a
beaker when hot water is at 80oC. Quickly put lid and start recording the temperature fall
of hot water for every one (1) minute interval until it reaches at equilibrium.
(c) Repeat the procedure in (b) above when the lid is removed.
(i) Tabulate your results
(ii) On the same set of axes, plot a cooling curves of temperature θ°C against time t
(minutes) for both curves.
(iii)Explain the effect of removing a lid.
(iv) Suggest the kind of convection taking place in this experiment.

Brother Hassan 0658 612 305/0788 442 701 59

 A LEVEL PHYSICS PRACTICALS QUESTIONS

EXPERIMENT NO 03
You’re provided with a calorimeter, stirrer, a thermometer, source of heat, stop watch,
measuring cylinder, a 250cm3 beaker and water bath respectively.
Proceed as follows:
(a) Read and record room temperature θR.
(b) Measure 100cm3 of hot water using measuring cylinder and transfer into calorimeter.
(c) While stirring record the time taken by the liquid to cool starting a stop watch when the
temperature is 80◦C.
(d) Record the temperature θ◦C after every 2 minutes interval until the time is 20 minutes.
Questions:
(i) Tabulate your results.
(ii) Plot the graph of log10 (θ − θR) against time t.
(iii)Write down the equation of your graph including the slope and vertical intercept.
(iv) State the law governing this experiment.
(v) Suggest the aim of this experiment.

Brother Hassan 0658 612 305/0788 442 701 60

 A LEVEL PHYSICS PRACTICALS QUESTIONS

EXPERIMENT NO 04
The aim of this experiment is to compare the effectiveness of different materials as thermal
insulators.
Proceed as follows:

(a) Place a small beaker into a large beaker

(b) Fill the small beaker with hot water of about 95◦C.
(c) Put a piece of cardboard over the beaker as a lid. The lid should have a hole suitable for a
thermometer.
(d) Place a thermometer into the smaller beaker through the hole and record the temperature
in the small beaker and start the stopwatch.
(e) Record the temperature of water every 2 minutes for 20 minutes.
(f) Repeat steps 1 − 6, each time packing the space between the large beaker and smaller
beaker with the chosen insulating material.
(g) Plot a graph of temperature against time.
(h) Discuss and comment on the results obtained from your graph.

Brother Hassan 0658 612 305/0788 442 701 61

 A LEVEL PHYSICS PRACTICALS QUESTIONS

EXPERIMENT NO 05
The aim of this experiment is to investigate the manner in which a calorimeter containing hot
water cools down.
Proceed as follows:
(a) Pour the hot water into the calorimeter until it is about three-quarter full and then set up
the calorimeter as illustrated in figure below.

Carefully observe and record the temperature, θ of the water inside the calorimeter after
every two minutes.
Continue this process while stirring the calorimeter until the temperature of the water
drops to about 50◦C
(i) Tabulate the values of θ ◦C and the corresponding value of time t (min), starting at t
= 0. Also measure and record the room temperature, θR.
(ii) Plot the cooling curve for the calorimeter and its contents using the table in (i) above.
(iii) Choose six points (θ, t) along the curve in (ii) above, then at each point draw the
tangent to the curve and then determine the gradient, G of the curve at the point.
(iv) Calculate and record the excess temperature (θ − θR) corresponding to each of the six
points chosen. Hence make up a table that consists of values of G as well as
corresponding values of (θ − θR)
(v) Using the result in (iv) above, draw a graph of “Rate of cooling, G” against “Excess
temperature”, (θ − θR)
(vi) Compare the results in (v) above with Newton’s law of cooling and make any
relevant comments.

Brother Hassan 0658 612 305/0788 442 701 62

 A LEVEL PHYSICS PRACTICALS QUESTIONS

EXPERIMENT NO 06
You are required to determine the specific heat capacity of liquid A provided.
Proceed as follows;
(a) (i) Weight the empty calorimeter with lid and stirrer.
3
(ii) Fill the calorimeter to about 4 full of liquid A that has been heated to a temperature of
90oC
(iii) Set up the apparatus as shown in the figure below.

(b) Read and record the temperature 𝜃 of the liquid as it cools at the interval of 2 minutes
over the temperature range from 80oC to 56oC while gently stirring the calorimeter.
(c) Tabulate the values of 𝜃oC and the corresponding values of time t starting at t = 0. Also
measure and record the room temperature 𝜃R
(d) Remove the thermometer and weigh the calorimeter with its contents.
(e) (i) Plot a cooling curve for the liquid A
(ii) Draw gradient at 65oC to obtain the rate of cooling of the liquid.
𝑑θ
(iii) Using the relation; (𝑀𝐴 𝐶𝐴 + 𝑀𝐶 𝐶𝐶 ) 𝑑𝑡 = −430 𝐽𝑚𝑖𝑛. Calculate the specific heat
capacity of liquid A, where MA is the mass of liquid A and MC is the mass of
calorimeter with lid and stirrer.
(f) State two factors upon which the rate of loss of heat by a body depends.

Brother Hassan 0658 612 305/0788 442 701 63

 A LEVEL PHYSICS PRACTICALS QUESTIONS

EXPERIMENT NO 07
In this experiment you are required to investigate thermal properties of liquids. You are
provided with two liquids M and S.
Proceed as follows
(a) Pour 50 mills of liquid M at room temperature into the calorimeter.

(b) Pour 100 mills of hot water of about 100℃ into a beaker.

(c) Transfer the calorimeter with 50 mills of water into the beaker containing hot water when
the temperature of hot water is 100℃and immediately start the stop watch. Read and record
the temperature of liquid M in the calorimeter after every 10 seconds as shown in the table in
part d (i).
(d) Repeat procedures 2 (a), (b) and (c) by using liquid S.
(i) Complete the table of result below.

Time t(sec) 𝜃℃ for liquid M 𝜃℃ for liquid S

0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110

(ii) On the same set of axes, plot a graph of temperature 𝜃℃ against time t(sec) for each
experiment performed
(iii) From each curve, determine the time taken for the temperature to reach 55℃.
(iv) From the results obtained in 2 (iii) above, with reason identify the liquid with higher
specific heat capacity.

Brother Hassan 0658 612 305/0788 442 701 64

A LEVEL PHYSICS PRACTICALS QUESTIONS

EXPERIMENT NO 08
Heat is part and parcel of our life. Every living organism needs moderate temperature for
survival.
When the temperature becomes higher than the moderate temperature, some mechanisms
of cooling are to be employed. A physics teacher, while teaching the topic of heat told his
students that any liquid if forced to cool can obey Newton’s law of cooling provided its
temperature is higher than the surrounding temperature and the surrounding temperature
is constant.
Use the liquid A provided, that has been heated to about 85oC to show that it obeys
Newton’s law of cooling. Take the readings after every 2 minutes for 16 minutes starting
when the temperature of the liquid is about 80o.

Brother Hassan 0658 612 305/0788 442 701 65

 A LEVEL PHYSICS PRACTICALS QUESTIONS

ANSWER
TABLE OF RESULTS

Time, t (min) Temperature, 𝜃℃

0 80
2 76
4 72
6 69
8 67
10 65
12 63

THE GRAPH OF 𝜽(℃) AGAINST T (Min).

From the graph, since the nature of the graph is decreasing curve (cooling curve) then the
liquid A obeys Newton’s law of cooling.

Brother Hassan 0658 612 305/0788 442 701 66

A LEVEL PHYSICS PRACTICALS QUESTIONS

EXPERIMENT NO 09
You are provided with copper calorimeter, 100Tsh coin, thermometer, a stopwatch, piece
of paper, lid, stirrer, wooden slab and hot water of about 800C.
Proceed as follows:

(a) Half – fill hot water in a calorimeter then observe and record the temperature 𝜃0𝐶 of
the hot water.
(b) Starting with the temperature of 700𝐶, record the temperature of hot water in the
calorimeter while stirring and fanning after every one minute for ten minutes. Record
your results.
(c) Record the mass of calorimeter with hot water; hence determine the mass, Mw of
water used.
(d) Repeat the procedures in (b) and (c), but in this case transfer quickly the mass, M of
100 Tsh coin provided to the calorimeter with water when the temperature is exactly
700𝐶. Record the results.
(i) On the same graph paper, plot the cooling curves for both experiments.
𝑑𝜃
(ii) Obtain the rate of cooling at 570C for both curves.
𝑑𝑡
(iii)Comment on your results in d (ii) above.

Brother Hassan 0658 612 305/0788 442 701 67

 A LEVEL PHYSICS PRACTICALS QUESTIONS

EXPERIMENT NO 10
In this experiment you are required to compare the time taken in cooling through a fixed
temperature range for a blackened calorimeter and the same calorimeter covered with a metal
foil.
Proceed as follows:
(a) You are provided with container labeled HOT WATER and a blackened calorimeter.
Nearly fill the calorimeter on a wooden slab placed on the bench but without the metal foil
and the rubber bands.

(b) Stir the hot water in the calorimeter constantly and record the temperature 𝜃 of the hot
water at one-minute interval with the aid of a stop watch. Continue recording the
temperature 𝜃 until it has fallen to about 600C.
(c) Empty the water in the calorimeter into the measuring cylinder and record its volume as
Vo.
(d) Cover the surface of the calorimeter with the metal foil provided. Use the same volume
(Vo) of hot water of about 800C as in (c) above. Pour this volume of hot water into the
calorimeter covered with the metal foil. Repeat the procedure outlined in (b) above.
(e) (i) Using the same axes, plot the cooling curves for the blackened calorimeter with its
contents and for the calorimeter with metal foil together with its contents.
(f) From each of the curves read off the time taken to cool from 800C to 600C.
Comment on your result

Brother Hassan 0658 612 305/0788 442 701 68

 A LEVEL PHYSICS PRACTICALS QUESTIONS

EXPERIMENT NO 11
In this experiment your required to investigate the relation between rate of loss of heat from
the calorimeter and excess temperature over its surrounding under forced convection.
Proceed as follows:
(a) Record the room temperature 𝛉1, just before you begin the experiment
(b) Pour in some water about 85℃ into the calorimeter until is about three quarter full.
(c) Place the calorimeter in the wooden base, replace its lid, read and record the
Temperature𝜃, of water after every two minutes beginning when the temperature of water
is about 80℃. As you proceed, gently stir the water and fan the calorimeter. Take you
reading s for 20minutes.
(d) Read the final room temperature 𝜽𝟐 . calculate the average room temperature 𝜃o.
(i) Plot a graph of log (𝜽 − 𝜽𝒐) against time t.
(ii) Ho your results obey log (𝜃 − 𝜃𝑜 ) = −𝑘𝑡 + 𝐴? If 50, determine the value K.
(iii)What is the physical meaning of K.
(e) Mention the two sources of errors (𝜃 − 𝜃)in this experiment.

Brother Hassan 0658 612 305/0788 442 701 69

 A LEVEL PHYSICS PRACTICALS QUESTIONS

EXPERIMENT NO 12
The aim of this experiment is to determine the emissive power, K of the aluminium at 650C.
Proceed as follows:

(a) Water is added in a beaker which should be sufficient to fill the calorimeter produced,
while the water is being heated the following has to be done.
(i) Cover the external area of the calorimeter using Aluminium foil and the rubber bands.
(i) Weigh the covered calorimeter and record its mass, m in kilogram.
(ii) Measure the external diameter, d and the height, h of the calorimeter using Vernier
caliper.
(iv) Determine the external area A using the following equation.
𝜋𝑑2
𝐴 = 𝜋𝑑ℎ + .
4
(v) Record the room temperature, Q.
(b) Pour the hot water at about 850C into the calorimeter so that is just about to fill the
calorimeter.
(c) Starting with temperature of the water at 750C, take the reading of the temperature after
every two minutes up to 550C.
(d) Weigh the calorimeter with water and record its mass, M in kilogram.
(e) Tabulate the values of Q and t.
(f) Plot the graph of Q against t.
Δ𝜃
(g) From your graph determine the slope, at the temperature of 650C and calculate the rate
Δ𝑡
Δ𝐻 Δ𝐻 Δ𝜃
of heat loss to the surrounding, given that = [(𝑀 − 𝑚)𝐶𝑤 + 𝑚𝑐] Δ𝑡 . Where Cw =
Δ𝑡 Δ𝑡
4.2 x 103J/KgK and C = 4.0 x 102 J/KgK.
(h) Determine the value of K by using Newton’s laws of cooling,
Δ𝐻
= 𝐾𝐴(𝜃 − 𝜃𝑟 )
Δ𝑡
(i) State any two possible sources of error and its precautions in your experiment.

Brother Hassan 0658 612 305/0788 442 701 70

 A LEVEL PHYSICS PRACTICALS QUESTIONS

EXPERIMENT NO 13
The aim of this experiment is to investigate the relation between the rate of loss of heat from
a calorimeter and the temperature excess over the surroundings under the condition of forced
convection.
Proceed as follows
(a) Heat some water using source of heat until it boils.
(b) While the water is being heated, set up the apparatus as shown below;

2
(c) Transfer some boiled water into the calorimeter till the level of water s about 3 full.
(d) Read and recode the temperature (θ◦C) of water at every two minutes interval, beginning
when the temperature of water is 80◦C. As the experiment progresses, gently stir the water
and fan the calorimeter with some papers. Take your readings for 20 minutes.
(e) Using the other thermometer, read and record the room temperature at the end of the
experiment. Hence, record the average room temperature as 𝜃R
(f) Plot a graph of log10 (θ − 𝜃R) against time, t.
(g) Theoretically the experiment obeys the relation log10 (θ − 𝜃R) = −kt + C, determine the
value of k and the constant C
(h) What is the physical meaning of k?

Brother Hassan 0658 612 305/0788 442 701 71

 A LEVEL PHYSICS PRACTICALS QUESTIONS

EXPERIMENT NO 14
The aim of this experiment was to investigate the rate of heat loss of water at 70oC.
Proceed as follows:
(a) Weigh an empty beaker and record its value.
(b) Pour 150 ml of hot water heated to 85oC in a beaker provided and weigh the beaker with
its contents.
(c) Set up the apparatus as shown in Figure below:

(d) While stirring gently, record the temperature (𝜃℃) of water for every two minutes until it
falls to 60oC.
Questions
(i) Tabulate your results.
(ii) Plot a graph of temperature 𝜃℃ against time t (minutes).
(iii) Determine the slope of the graph at the temperature of 70oC.
(iv) Compute the rate of heat loss of water at 70oC from the equation:

Brother Hassan 0658 612 305/0788 442 701 72

 A LEVEL PHYSICS PRACTICALS QUESTIONS

EXPERIMENT NO 15
You are provided with hot water, metal foil, wooden block, thermometer, stopwatch, marker
pen, rubber bands, a copper calorimeter with its lids, stirrer and kerosene lamp/Bunsen
burner.
Proceed as follows:
(a) Cover the outer surface of the calorimeter with the meter foil provided, and use the rubber
bands to hold the metal foil tightly on the calorimeter.
(b) Use a marker pen; indicate a mark of about two-thirds inside the calorimeter.
(c) Fill the calorimeter with hot water of about 90oC to the mark indicated in (b).
(d) Cover the calorimeter with its lid when the stirrer and thermometer are inserted.
(e) While stirring, start the stopwatch when the temperature of the liquid in the calorimeter is
about 80oC. Read and record the temperature of the liquid after every 2 minutes until it
reaches 60oC.
(f) Empty the calorimeter, remove the metal foil and carefully blacken the outer surface of
the calorimeter using the soot from a kerosene lamp/ Bunsen burner provided. Repeat the
procedures in (c) up to (e).
Questions
(i) Tabulate your results.
(ii) Using the same axis, plot the cooling curves for the blackened calorimeter with its
content and for the calorimeter with metal foil together with its content.
(iii)From each of the curves, read and record the time taken for hot water to cool from
80oC to 60oC.
(iv) What is the implication of the results in (iii).
(v) What is the aim of doing this experiment?

Brother Hassan 0658 612 305/0788 442 701 73

 A LEVEL PHYSICS PRACTICALS QUESTIONS

EXPERIMENT NO 16
In this experiment, you are required to compare the rate of heating of water in a calorimeter
covered with a metal foil and uncovered calorimeter.
Proceed as follows:
(a) Cover the calorimeter with a metal foil provided using rubber bands then half-fill with
water at room temperature.
(b) Pour the boiling water in to the beaker provided to 200ml mark. Transfer the calorimeter
with its contents into the beaker containing hot water when the temperature of hot water
is 70oC; immediately start a stop watch. Record the temperature of water in the
calorimeter after every 20 seconds to obtain ten readings.
(c) Repeat procedure (a) and (b) using uncovered calorimeter.

Questions:
(i) Tabulate the results of your experiments.
(ii) On the same axes, plot a heating curve of each component performed.
(iii)From each curve, determine the temperature of water in the calorimeter at 60s.
(iv) From the results obtained in (iii), compare the rate of heating in both cases.

Brother Hassan 0658 612 305/0788 442 701 74

 A LEVEL PHYSICS PRACTICALS QUESTIONS

EXPERIMENT NO 17
In this experiment you are required to compare the rate of heating of water in a calorimeter
covered with metal foil and uncovered calorimeter.
Proceed as follows; -
(a) Cover the calorimeter with a metal foil provided using rubber bands then half-fill with
water at room temperature.
(b) Pour the boiling water into the beaker provided to 200ml mark. Transfer the calorimeter
with its contents into the beaker containing hot water when the temperature of hot water
is 70oC immediately starts the stop watch. Record the temperature of water in the
calorimeter after every 20seconds to obtain ten readings
(c) Repeat procedure (a) and (b) using uncovered calorimeter,
Questions
(i) Tabulate the results of your experiments.
(ii) On the same axes, plot a heating curve of each experiment performed.
(iii)From each curve, determine the temperature of water in the calorimeter at 60s.
(iv) From the results obtained in (iii), compare the rate of heating in both cases.

Brother Hassan 0658 612 305/0788 442 701 75

 A LEVEL PHYSICS PRACTICALS QUESTIONS

EXPERIMENT NO 18
In this experiment you are required to compare the rate of cooling of water in a calorimeter at
different temperatures.
Proceed as follows; -
(a) Half fill the calorimeter with hot water about 90oC. Stir the hot water while fanning the
calorimeter and then start the stopwatch when the temperature is 80oC.
(b) Record the temperature in oC after every 2 minutes interval until the temperature fall to
45oC.
Questions
(i) Tabulate the results of your experiments.
(ii) Plot a graph of temperature against time t in minute.
(iii)Determine the rate of cooling of water at 70oC and 50oC.
(iv) Use the results obtained in part (iii), comment on the rate of cooling of water.

Brother Hassan 0658 612 305/0788 442 701 76

A LEVEL PHYSICS PRACTICALS QUESTIONS

Brother Hassan 0658 612 305/0788 442 701 77

A LEVEL PHYSICS PRACTICALS QUESTIONS

Brother Hassan 0658 612 305/0788 442 701 78

A LEVEL PHYSICS PRACTICALS QUESTIONS

Brother Hassan 0658 612 305/0788 442 701 79

 A LEVEL PHYSICS PRACTICALS QUESTIONS

EXPERIMENT NO 01
You are provided with a dry cell D, Rheostat Rh, Switch S, Ammeter A, Voltmeter V, resistor
with unknown resistance Rx and 8 connecting wires.
Proceed as follows:
(a) Connect the above items with reference to the diagram below:

D Rh

A S

Rx

V
(b) Switch ON current and adjust the Rheostat to obtain five (5) different values of Voltmeter
readings (V) and corresponding values of ammeter (A).

Questions
(i) Tabulate your results.
(ii) Plot a graph of voltage, V against current, I.
(iii) Calculate the slope of your graph.
(iv) State the physical significance of the slope calculated.
(v) State the law governed in this experiment and give any two conditions of the law stated.
(vi) What is the aim of this experiment?
(vii) Mention any two sources of errors in this experiment.

Brother Hassan 0658 612 305/0788 442 701 80

 A LEVEL PHYSICS PRACTICALS QUESTIONS

EXPERIMENT NO 02
You are provided with battery E, Ammeter A, voltmeter V, Rheostat, switch K, connecting
wires and a resistor of unknown resistance R.
Proceeds as follows;
(a) Careful set up the circuit as required using the given apparatus.
(b) Close the switch and adjust the rheostat by sliding slowly from one end. Read and record
the value of potential difference V across the resistor R and current I flowing through it.
(c) Repeat the experiment by changing the position of the slider of the rheostat for four other
readings.

Questions
(i) Draw a well labeled circuit diagram of your connected circuit.
(ii) Tabulate your results.
(iii) Plot a graph of I against V.
(iv) Use the graph plotted in (iii), determine the value of unknown resistance R.
(v)

Brother Hassan 0658 612 305/0788 442 701 81

 A LEVEL PHYSICS PRACTICALS QUESTIONS

EXPERIMENT NO 03
You are provided with two cells, Rheostat, Switch K, Ammeter, Voltmeter, a piece of wire
labeled Rx of length 50 cm and 8 connecting wires.
Proceed as follows:
(c) Connect the above items with reference to the diagram below:

A
Rx

V
(d) Switch ON current and adjust the Rheostat to obtain five (5) different values of Voltmeter
readings (V) and corresponding values of ammeter (A).

Questions
(viii) Tabulate your results
(ix) Plot a graph of voltage, V against current, I.
(x) Calculate the slope of your graph.
(xi) State the physical significance of the slope calculated.
(xii) Outline four factors affecting the quantity discovered in (iv) above.
(xiii) What is the aim of this experiment?

Brother Hassan 0658 612 305/0788 442 701 82

 A LEVEL PHYSICS PRACTICALS QUESTIONS

EXPERIMENT NO 04
The aim of this experiment is to determine the internal resistance and the emf of cell using an
ammeter and a voltmeter.
+ -
V

A Rh
Proceed as follows;

Connect the circuit as shown in the fig above, with the key K open, record the reading of the
voltmeter. Close the key K and adjust the rheostat so that the cell supplies a current through
the circuit. Record this current I amps as registered by the ammeter A, and the new reading V
volts on the voltmeter. Keep the key closed and adjust the rheostat so that a slightly larger
current flows through the circuit. Again, record the values of I and V.
Repeat the procedure above to obtain a set of five pairs of readings of I and V, each time
slightly adjusting the rheostat to increase the current I.
(a) Tabulate your readings
(b) Plot a graph of V (vertical axis) against I (horizontal axis)
(c) Find the slope of the graph
(d) Assuming that V = E – Ir where r is the internal resistance of the cell and E its e.m.f,
use your graph to determine r and E.

Brother Hassan 0658 612 305/0788 442 701 83

 A LEVEL PHYSICS PRACTICALS QUESTIONS

EXPERIMENT NO 05
You are provided with a battery E, a key K, ammeter A, Voltmeter V, resistance box S,
unknown resistance R and pieces of connecting wires.
Proceed as follow:

Brother Hassan 0658 612 305/0788 442 701 84

 A LEVEL PHYSICS PRACTICALS QUESTIONS

EXPERIMENT NO 06
You are required to determine the e.m.f and internal resistance of a cell using an ammeter,
voltmeter, switch, dry cell, rheostat, masking tape and connecting wires.
Proceed as follows:
(e) Connect the circuit using the given apparatuses. Close the switch and adjust the rheostat
so that the cell supplies a current of 0.4A. Read the Voltmeter and record the value of
voltage, V.
(f) Repeat the procedures in (a) for the values of current, I equal to 0.6A, 0.8A, 1.2A, and
1.6A. Read and record the value of voltage, V in each case.
Questions
(i) Draw a well labelled diagram of the circuit you connected.
(ii) Record your results in a tabular form.
(iii) Plot a graph of V (volts) against I (amperes).
(iv) Formulate the equation governing this experiment.
(v) Determine the internal resistance, r and the e.m.f, E of the cell.
(vi)

Brother Hassan 0658 612 305/0788 442 701 85

 A LEVEL PHYSICS PRACTICALS QUESTIONS

EXPERIMENT NO 07
You are required to determine the e.m.f of the given dry cell E using ammeter A, resistance
box R, switch K, masking tape and pieces of connecting wires.

Proceed as follows:
(a) Carefully set up the circuit as required using the given apparatuses.
(b) Start with R = 2Ω, close the switch and record the current I from the ammeter.
(c) Repeat the procedure in (b) for the values of R = 4 Ω, 6 Ω, 8 Ω and 10 Ω.
Questions:
(i) Draw a well labeled circuit diagram of your connections.
1
(ii) Tabulate the obtained data including the value of 𝐼 .
1
(iii) Plot a graph of R against 𝐼 .

(iv) Use the graph in (iii), determine the e.m.f of the dry cell E.

Brother Hassan 0658 612 305/0788 442 701 86

 A LEVEL PHYSICS PRACTICALS QUESTIONS

EXPERIMENT NO 08
You are provided with ammeter A, resistance box R, dry cell D, Switch K and connecting
wires.
Proceed as follows:
(i) Connect the circuit in series.
(ii) Draw the circuit diagram for this experiment.
(iii) Put R = 1Ω and quickly read the value of current I on the ammeter.
(iv) Repeat procedures (iii) above for R= 2, 3, 4 and 5Ω and record your results in tabular
form.
1
(v) Plot the graph of R against 𝐼 .
(vi) Determine the slope of your graph.
(vii) Compute the e.m.f E and internal resistance r of a dry cell.
(viii) State sources of error in this experiment and suggest one way of minimizing it.

Brother Hassan 0658 612 305/0788 442 701 87

 A LEVEL PHYSICS PRACTICALS QUESTIONS

EXPERIMENT NO 09
You are provided with a dry cell E, ammeter A, resistance box B, Switch K and n several
pieces of connecting wires.

Proceed as follows
(a) Connect dry cell E, switch K, an ammeter A and resistance box B in series to form a
complete circuit.
(b) Draw the diagram of circuit above (a) and label it.
(c) Using the resistance box, set the resistance R equal to 1Ω, close the switch and record the
current I(A) passing through the circuit.
(d) Repeat the procedure in (c) for the values of R equal to 2Ω, 3Ω, 4Ω and 5Ω
Questions
1
(i) Record results in a tabular form including the value of 𝐼 (A−1).
1
(ii) Plot a graph of 𝐼 against R.
(iii) Use the graph to compute the value of e.m.f and internal resistance(r) of the cell.
(iv) What is the aim of this experiment?

Brother Hassan 0658 612 305/0788 442 701 88

 A LEVEL PHYSICS PRACTICALS QUESTIONS

EXPERIMENT NO 10
You are provided with a switch ‘K’, an ammeter ‘A’, a resistance box ‘R’ and a dry cell ‘E’.
Proceed as follows
(a) Connect in series the given dry cell E, a resistance box, an ammeter and the switch.
(b) Close the key and adjust R to 1Ω. Read and record the ammeter reading ‘I’.
(c) Repeat the procedure above when R= 2Ω, 3Ω, 4Ω, 5Ω and 7Ω.
Questions
(ii) Tabulate your results including a column of 1/I.
(iii) Draw a well labeled diagram of the circuit you connected.
1
(iv) Plot a graph of 𝐼 against R and find its slope.
(v) From the appropriate relationship and the graph above, determine the internal resistance
‘r’ of the cell and the e.m.f E of the cell.
(vi) Comment on the nature of the graph.
(vii) What is the significant meaning of the slope of the graph?
(viii) What was the aim of performing this experiment?

Brother Hassan 0658 612 305/0788 442 701 89

 A LEVEL PHYSICS PRACTICALS QUESTIONS

EXPERIMENT NO 11
The aim of this experiment is to determine the e.m.f and internal resistance of a given dry
cell.
(a) Set up the electric circuit as shown below

(b) Starting with a resistor R= 10Ω and the key closed, record R and the reading V of the
voltmeter.
(c) Repeat the procedure in (b) above for values of R equal to 5Ω, 4Ω, 3Ω and 2Ω.

Brother Hassan 0658 612 305/0788 442 701 90

 A LEVEL PHYSICS PRACTICALS QUESTIONS

EXPERIMENT NO 12
Connect the following items in series; accumulator (or dry cell), the plug key (or tapping
key), the resistor labeled P, and another resistor R = 1 Ω. Use the voltmeter to measure the
voltage V across the resistor R and hence calculate the current I flowing through resistor R.
Record the values of R, V and I. Now repeat the procedure for values of R = 2 Ω, 3 Ω, 4 Ω, 5
Ω and 6 Ω and tabulate all the values of R, I and V.
(a) Plot a graph of V (vertical axis) against I (horizontal axis).
(b) Find the gradient D of the graph.
(c) Determine the resistance r of the resistor P given that V = k – rI where k is constant.

Brother Hassan 0658 612 305/0788 442 701 91

 A LEVEL PHYSICS PRACTICALS QUESTIONS

EXPERIMENT NO 13
As a Form Six student at Madungu Secondary, you are provided with the following
apparatus.
(i) Standard resistor of 2Ω
(ii) An ammeter of 0 – 5 Amperes.
(iii)An accumulator.
(iv) A switch.
(v) Specimen wire labeled X of length 70 cm.
(vi) Normal connecting wires (six pieces).
(a) Connect the apparatus in series so that the length of the specimen wire is adjustable.
(b) Close the switch and record the readings from an ammeter as X= 10cm, 20 cm, 30cm,
40cm, 50cm, and 60cm.
(c) Disconnect the standard resistor in your circuit and repeat the procedure (b) above.
1
(d) On the same axes, plot the graph of 𝐼 (A-1) against X (cm)
1
(e) Using ratios of intercepts of 𝐼 and slopes, determine the following:
(i) The e.m.f of the accumulator.
(ii) Internal resistance of the circuit.
(f) What are the two sources of errors?

Brother Hassan 0658 612 305/0788 442 701 92

 A LEVEL PHYSICS PRACTICALS QUESTIONS

EXPERIMENT NO 14
Sir HAM, Laboratory equipment dealer wants to know from you the specifications of the
wire which was not indicated. You are required to perform an experiment to obtain the
required specifications of the wire using; standard resistor of 2Ω, a battery (two dry cells each
of 1.5V),110 cm wire of unknown resistivity, ammeter, switch, micrometer screw gauge,
metre rule and several pieces of connecting wires.
Proceed as follows

(i) Connect the circuit as shown in Figure above.

(ii) With the plug key open adjust the length of wire S to a value of Ls=20cm, Note the
ammeter reading, the plug key should remain open throughout the experiment.
(iii) Repeat the procedures above for Ls =40cm, 60cm, 80cm and 100cm each time
recording the ammeter reading.
Questions
(a) Tabulate your results.
(b) (i) Plot a graph of 1/𝐼 against Ls.
(ii) Determine the slope and the 1/𝐼 intercept of the graph.
(c) Measure and record the diameter of a wire.
(d) Using your graph, determine the resistivity ρ of the wire and internal resistance r of the
battery.
(e) What is the aim of performing this experiment?
(f) Mention any two (2) sources of errors and their precautionary measures in this
experiment.

Brother Hassan 0658 612 305/0788 442 701 93

 A LEVEL PHYSICS PRACTICALS QUESTIONS

EXPERIMENT NO 15
The aim of this experiment is to determine the e.m.f E and its internal resistance, r, of the
cell.
Proceed as follows:
Connect the dry cell ‘E’ a key K and a wire ‘W’ which has a length L = 15cm all in series
such that the same current flows through all the components when the key, K, is closed.
Connect the given voltmeter, V, across the wire W.
(a) With the key, K, closed, read and record the voltmeter reading ‘V’ across the wire W.
(b) Repeat the procedures above for values of length L = 30, 45, 60 and 75cm.
(c) Draw a circuit diagram
1 1
(d) Tabulate your results including the columns of 𝐿 and 𝑉.
1 1
(e) (i) Plot a graph of against 𝐿.
𝑉
1 1
(ii) Write the relation that connects 𝑉 and 𝐿 .
(iii) From the graph determine the slope ‘S’ and the intercepts ‘B’ along the vertical axis.
(f) Measure accurately the diameter of the wire W using micrometer screw gauge and hence
determine its cross- sectional area A.
(g) Given that the resistivity of the wire 𝜌 = 4.9 x 10-7 m. Use the slope and the intercept to
find the e.m.f and the internal resistance of the cell.
(h) Mention any two sources of error and its precautions taken in this experiment.

Brother Hassan 0658 612 305/0788 442 701 94

 A LEVEL PHYSICS PRACTICALS QUESTIONS

EXPERIMENT NO 16
The aim of this experiment is to determine the electromotive force (e.m.f) and internal
resistance (r) of a dry cell.
(a) Stretch and fix the bare wire onto the metre rule with cello tape.
(b) Connect the dry cell, a 2Ω resistor and voltmeter as shown in figure below.

V
Resistance wire
2Ω

(c) Place the jockey on the bare such that, ℓ = 20 cm, record the voltmeter reading, V.
(d) Repeat procedure (c) above for values of ℓ equal to 30 cm, 40 cm, 50 cm and 60 cm
respectively.
1
(e) Record the values of ℓ, V and 𝑉 in a suitable table.

Questions
1
(i) Plot a graph of 𝑉 against ℓ.
(ii) Find the slope S of the graph.
1
(iii) Find n which is the value of 𝑉 when ℓ = 0.
(iv) Calculate the e.m.f of the cell from SE = 0.033 cm-1.
(v) Using the relation, 𝑟 = 2Ω × (𝑛𝐸 − 1); calculate the internal resistance of dry cell.
(vi) State three sources of errors and three precautions to be taken during this experiment.

Brother Hassan 0658 612 305/0788 442 701 95

 A LEVEL PHYSICS PRACTICALS QUESTIONS

EXPERIMENT NO 17

Wire w
Consider the figure below

A B
Plug key x

E S
A

(a) Connect one end of wire W given at terminal A of the plug key provided. Measure length
x=20cm of the wire and connect it at terminal B leaving the other piece of W free hanging.
Connect the left piece of wire W to terminal A again so as to make a complete loop of
100cm. leaving the plug key open always, close the switch. Read and record the ammeter
and voltmeter reading hence calculate the value of resistance R of the loop of wire W.
(b) Repeat the procedures above for x=30cm, 40cm,50cm, 60cm and 70cm each time
calculating the value of R.
𝑅
(c) Tabulate your results of x (cm), V (V), I (A), R () and𝑥 (𝑚−1 ).
𝑅
(d) (i) Plot the graph of and 𝑥 against x
(ii) Determine the slope (G) of the graph
𝑅
(ii) Read and record the value of - intercept as P
𝑥
(iii) Using micrometer screw gauge measure the diameter (d) of wire w hence determine
its cross-sectional area A
𝐾
(iv) Given that and 𝑃 = 𝐴 , determine the value of K in its SI Unit.
(v) What is the physical meaning of K?
(vi) State the aim of the experiment
(vii) Identify two ways to that can be used improve the accuracy on doing the above
experiment.

Brother Hassan 0658 612 305/0788 442 701 96

 A LEVEL PHYSICS PRACTICALS QUESTIONS

EXPERIMENT NO 18
You are provided with a cell of internal resistance (r), a wire labeled W, Switch ‘K’,
Voltmeter, and connecting wires

Proceed as follows:
(a) Connect the circuit as shown in the diagram below;

E S

L Wire, W
(b) Measure the L = 15cm of the wire W and connect it as shown in the circuit diagram,
close switch K and quickly record the voltage V in the voltmeter
(c) Repeat procedure (b) above to get more values of v when the values of L = 30cm,
45cm, 60cm, 75cm and 90cm. Then tabulate your results as follows
Length L(m) Voltage v (volts) 1 1
(volt-1) (m-1)
V 𝐿

0.15
0.30
0.45
0.60
0.75
0.90

1 1
(d) Plot the graph of V against L where L is in Metres
(e) Determine the slope G of the graph
(f) Use the graph to determine the internal resistance ‘r’ and Emf ‘E’ of the cell given
1 0.2r 1 1
that =( )L + E
V E
(g) What are precautions when performing this experiment?

Brother Hassan 0658 612 305/0788 442 701 97

 A LEVEL PHYSICS PRACTICALS QUESTIONS

EXPERIMENT NO 19
You are provided with two cells, Rheostat; Switch ‘K’, Ammeter, Voltmeter, a piece of wire
labeled ’Rx’ of 50 cm and connecting wires

Proceed as follows:
(a) Connect the above items with reference to the diagram below:

RX

(b) Switch ON current and adjust the Rheostat to obtain five (5) different values of
Voltmeter reading (V) and corresponding values of ammeter reading (A)
(c) Tabulate your results
(d) (i) Plot a graph of voltage against current
(ii) Calculate the slope of your graph
(iii) State the physical significance of the slope calculated
(iv) Outline four factors affecting the quantity discovered in (iii) above
(v) What is the aim of this experiment?

Brother Hassan 0658 612 305/0788 442 701 98

 A LEVEL PHYSICS PRACTICALS QUESTIONS

EXPERIMENT NO 20
The aim of this experiment is to study the current voltage relation for the wire provided and
hence determine its resistivity
Proceed as follows;

Wire W

A V S

(a) Connect up the circuit as shown in the fig above. With the key, K, switched ON,
adjust the rheostat, S so that a current of 0.9A is registered in the ammeter, A.
record the corresponding voltage, V. repeat this procedure for FOUR other values
of current I each time recording the corresponding voltage V
(b) Plot a graph of voltage V (vertical axis) against current I (horizontal axis). From
your graph determine the slope R which is equal to the resistance of the wire W
(c) Measure the diameter d of the wire W by a suitable method and also measure its
length L
(d) Calculate the resistivity of the material of the wire W given that
(e) State any sources of errors and precautions taken in this experiment.

Brother Hassan 0658 612 305/0788 442 701 99

 A LEVEL PHYSICS PRACTICALS QUESTIONS

EXPERIMENT NO 21
The aim of this experiment is to determine the resistance of one metre resistance wire and
hence its resistivity.
Proceed as follows
(a) Connect the cell, ammeter, tapping key, Rheostat and one metre resistance wire for
which the resistance and resistivity is to be determined.
(b) Switch on the current and adjust the rheostat to obtain suitable readings on the
Ammeter and voltmeter and take the readings.
(c) Apply Ohm`s law to calculate the resistance of the one-meter resistance wire.
(d) Take the micrometer screw gauge provided to determine the diameter of the wire at
three different positions and find the average of the diameters
(e) Then determine the resistivity of the resistance wire.

Brother Hassan 0658 612 305/0788 442 701 100

 A LEVEL PHYSICS PRACTICALS QUESTIONS

EXPERIMENT NO 22
The aim of this experiment is to determine the internal resistance of r and the emf E of the
dry cell D.
(a) Your provided with an ammeter, voltmeter, key, and resistance box. Connect the
apparatus so that you can get reading of ammeter and corresponding reading of
voltmeter by changing the size of resistor from the resistance box. Repeat the
procedure for resistors of five different values.
(b) Draw a circuit diagram of arrangement used
(c) Draw a graph V on y- axis against I on x- axis.
(d) Write down the equation represented by the graph in terms of E, r, V and I
(e) From your graph find the values of E, r and the maximum current the cell can deliver
to the circuit.

Brother Hassan 0658 612 305/0788 442 701 101

 A LEVEL PHYSICS PRACTICALS QUESTIONS

EXPERIMENT NO 23
You are provided with a 5Ω standard resistor, resistor R of unknown resistance, jockey,
resistance wire Q, metre bridge, switch K, dry cell E, connecting wires and galvanometer.
Proceeds as follows;
(a) Connect the resistor R and the wire Q in series then the free end of R to the left terminal
of the right-hand gap of the metre bridge. Next, connect the wire Q with the crocodile clip C
to the other terminal of the right-hand gap.
(b) Connect 5Ω resistor in the left-hand gap and hence complete the metre bridge circuit in
the usual manner.
(c) Set the length x = 20cm of wire Q from resistor R to C then find the balancing length l as
measured from the end with 5Ω resistor. Calculate the equivalent resistance Re in the right-
hand gap.
(d) Repeat the procedure (c) by increasing the length x by 10cm each time to obtain other
four readings.
Questions
(ii) Draw the circuit diagram of the set-up outlined (a) and (b)
(iii) Tabulate your readings.
(iv) Plot a graph of Re in vertical axis against x.
(v) Using your graph deduce the value of unknown resistance R and resistance per unit
length of wire Q.
(vi) State any two sources of errors in this experiment.

Brother Hassan 0658 612 305/0788 442 701 102

 A LEVEL PHYSICS PRACTICALS QUESTIONS

EXPERIMENT NO 24
In this experiment you are required to determine the resistivity of wire labelled W provided.
Procedures
Connect the given apparatuses as shown in the circuit below where by
(a) Connect the given apparatuses as shown in the circuit below R=2 Ω.

(b) Obtain different values of Rw when 𝑙w = 20 cm, 30 cm, 40 cm, 50 cm, 60 cm, and 80 cm.
100−𝑙 100−𝑙 −1
(c) Tabulate your results including l, 100 – l, ,( ) and Rw.
𝑙 𝑙
Questions
100−𝑙 −1
(i) Plot a graph of 𝑙 against ( ) .
𝑙
(ii) Find the slope from the graph.
(iii)Measure and record the diameter 𝒅 of the wire W.
(iv) Deduce the resistivity of the wire W.

Brother Hassan 0658 612 305/0788 442 701 103

 A LEVEL PHYSICS PRACTICALS QUESTIONS

EXPERIMENT NO 25
You are required to determine the electrical resistivity of the wire labelled X.
Proceed as follows

(f) State any two sources of errors in this experiment

Brother Hassan 0658 612 305/0788 442 701 104

A LEVEL PHYSICS PRACTICALS QUESTIONS

EXPERIMENT NO 26

Brother Hassan 0658 612 305/0788 442 701 105

 A LEVEL PHYSICS PRACTICALS QUESTIONS

EXPERIMENT NO 27
The aim of this experiment is to determine the resistance Rv of a voltmeter. Proceed as
follow.
(a) Connect a circuit as shown below

(b) Set the value of R = 250 Ω, close the switch and quickly read and record the voltmeter
reading V, always open the switch after readings.
(c) Repeat procedures (b) for the value of R = 500 Ω, 750 Ω, 1000 Ω and 1250 Ω.
1
(d) Record your results in tabular form showing the values of R, V and 𝑉.
1
(e) Plot the graph of 𝑉 against R.
(f) From your graph determine the value of
(i) Slope
1
(ii) 𝑉 – intercept, G.
(g) If the internal resistance of the cell is ignored, state the physical meaning of G.
(h) Determine the resistance Rv of a given voltmeter. Given that
1 𝑆𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒
= .
𝑉 𝐺

Brother Hassan 0658 612 305/0788 442 701 106

A LEVEL PHYSICS PRACTICALS QUESTIONS

Brother Hassan 0658 612 305/0788 442 701 107